International migration data in the case of South Africa

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Frederick Bryan
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1 International migration data in the case of South Africa A presentation made at the Workshop on strengthening the collection and use of international migration data for development held in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia November 2014

2 Censuses and intercensal household surveys

3 Presentation outline Censuses/intercensal household surveys International migration questions Data issues and findings Impact of unaccounted for international migration Way forward Limitations

4 South Africa has undertaken three censuses and one large intercensal household survey, namely Community Survey 2007 The preparations for the forthcoming 2016 Community Survey are ongoing The focus on international migration has been on balancing the numbers of immigrants and the already stretched public resources While South Africa has had its share of the health personnel brain drain, many South Africans returned back at the time of global financial problem Submissions of numbers of South African living abroad by destination countries are minimal, estimated at around per year

Distribution of tourists by region of residence, 2013 Unspecified; 19 885 (0,2%) Overseas; 2 660 631 (27,9%) Africa;

5 Distribution of tourists by region of residence, 2013 Unspecified; (0,2%) Overseas; (27,9%) Africa; (71,9%) SADC; ; (69,4%) Other Africa; (2,5%) The South Africa I know, the home I understand

6 Impacts of immigration on the South African population structure The fertility transition The demographic dividend Measuring mortality rates from vital register The age structure of the population

7 Impacts of international immigration in South Africa Population Population register 2011 Observed census PES population Age

8 Impact of immigration in South Africa

9 Census 1996 Census 2001 Census 2011 PLACE OF BIRTH Was (the person) born in South Africa? (Include the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Was (the person) born in South Africa? (Include the former Transkei, Bophuthatswana, Venda, Ciskei - TBVC states) 1 = Yes 2 = No Ciskei - TBVC states) 1 = Yes 2 = No COUNTRY OF BIRTH (If No ) In what country was the person born? (If No ) In what country was the person born? (If born outside SA ) In which country was the person born? YEAR MOVED TO SOUTH AFRICA Question not asked Question not asked In which year did (name) move to South Africa? Responses accepted from 1996 onwards CITIZENSHIP Is (the person) a citizen of: 1 = South Africa only (including the former TBVC states)? 2 = South Africa and another country (dual citizenship)? Is (the person) a South African citizen? 1 = Yes 2 = No If no, What is the name of the country of Citizenship? Is (name) a South African citizen? 1 = Yes 2 = No 3 = Another country only? (If dual citizenship or citizenship of another country) What is the name of the country? Is (the person) a migrant worker? (Someone who is absent from home FOR MORE THAN A MONTH each year to work or to seek work.) 1 = Yes 2 = No Question not asked Question not asked

10 Findings Censuses 1996, 2001 and 2011

11 Country of birth for labour migrants: Census 1996 Country of birth N % Lesotho Mozambique Swaziland Zimbabwe Botswana Europe Rest of Africa Malawi Asia Namibia Central and South America Angola Mauritius Zambia Zaire North America Australia and New Zealand Seychelles Tanzania Other Non-stated Total

12 Region of birth by year moved to South Africa: Census 2011 Year moved Region % SADC Rest of Africa United Kingdom and Europe Asia North America Latin America and Caribbean Oceania Non-stated Total

13 The ten leading countries of birth for male immigrants: Census 2011 Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Mozambique Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho Malawi Malawi Malawi Malawi Lesotho India Nigeria Nigeria Ethiopia Swaziland DRC Ethiopia Somalia United Kingdom Congo Somalia Bangladesh Nigeria Pakistan Congo Nigeria Namibia United Kingdom DRC Swaziland Pakistan Swaziland Bangladesh India Other countries Other countries Other countries Other countries Non-stated Non-stated Non-stated Non-stated Total Total Total Total

14 The ten leading countries of birth for female immigrants: Census Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Country of birth N % Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Zimbabwe Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Mozambique Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho Lesotho Malawi Swaziland Congo Malawi Swaziland United Kingdom Malawi Swaziland India Congo DRC Congo United Kingdom Malawi Swaziland India Namibia DRC India DRC Zambia India Nigeria Nigeria China Zambia United Kingdom United Kingdom Other countries Other countries Other countries Other countries Non-stated Non-stated Non-stated Non-stated Total Total Total Total

15 The ten leading countries from Africa region Africa % of the total 2010 arrivals Zimbabwe 39,2 Census 2011 data recorded persons who were born outside South Africa, moved to the country in 2010 Mozambique 14,2 Malawi 7,1 Lesotho 6,3 Somalia 2,8 Ethiopia 2,5 Swaziland 1,6 Nigeria 1,3 Congo 1,2 DRC 1,2

16 The ten leading countries from overseas region Overseas % of the total 2010 arrivals Bangladesh 2,2 Census 2011 data recorded persons who were born outside South Africa, moved to the country in 2010 Pakistan 1,4 India 1,4 China 0,9 United Kingdom 0,8 Germany 0,4 USA 0,3 France 0,2 Switzerland 0,1 Brazil 0,1

17 Place of birth by South African citizenship status SA citizenship status Place of birth Yes NoNon-stated Not applicable Total Foreign born Born in SA Non-stated Not applicable

18 Limitations & summary

19 Thank You

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