Conservation and ecosystem services of sacred natural sites in Nigeria
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1 Conservation and ecosystem services of sacred natural sites in Nigeria Israel Borokini Depar tment of Biology University of Nevada, Reno 2018 ACES Fellow
2 Introduction Southwest Yoruba Southeast Ibo tribes Yoruba descendants in South and Central America, and West Africa
3 Methods Data collection Questionnaire administration Days of recorded conversations and interviews Multistage sampling Elderly people (> 60 years old) Detailed cultural knowledge Sampled within southwestern Nigeria Sample size n = 25 Part of a multiyear studies on documentation of traditional and ethnomedicinal knowledge in Ibadan, Nigeria
4 Descriptive data analysis Sacred sites mentioned by 5 respondents were listed Aesthetic and cultural uses Conservation status and values Threats
5 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Sacred groves and forests Sacred mountains Sacred waters Useful Tropical Plants Wikipedia
6 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Milicia excelsa Many people believe this tree inhabits spirits The tree is used for charms and magic Rituals are made under the tree Some respondents noted that the tree naturally regenerates itself Israel Borokini
7 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Okoubaka aubrevillei The largest parasitic tree in the world Prevents other trees from growing next to it Fewer than 100 stands globally Revered and worshipped in entire Nigeria Believed to be the only tree never struck by lightning Dr. M.D. Swain
8 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Adansonia digitata Noted throughout Yoruba tribe as fertility tree Center of worship in some locations, especially for barren couples worldseedsupply.com
9 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Other notable sacred trees Ficus thonningii Dioscorea rotundata Newbouldia laevis Ceiba petandra Cola nitida Garcinia kola Dacryodes edulis Health Bubbles Plants of the World online Avax News
10 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Sacred groves and forests Sacred mountains Sacred waters
11 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Wikimedia commons Sacred groves and forests Almost every community in southern Nigeria has sacred groves Home for gods of the land, demons, ancestral spirits, spirits of demised Kings and warriors Burial sites of legendary Kings of old Sites for significant rituals Guarded by traditional chiefs, hunters, and cult leaders Examples include: Osun shrine and grove
12 Sacred groves Igbo Oroo (Oroo deity forest) Tom Bender
13 Sacred groves Igbo Olodumare (God s forest) ToLet.com.ng
14 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Other sacred groves Igbo Oba (King s forest) Igbo so ro (evil forest) Igbo egbe (forest of sorrow) Igbo erin (elephant s forest) Igbo ode (hunter s forest) Igbo erin (buffalo s forest) Ajofia Okija forest Igbo Irunmole (Irunmole deity s forest) Evans Publishers
15 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Sacred groves and forests Sacred mountains Sacred waters
16 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains There are few traditional sacred mountains in southwestern Nigeria Examples are Oke Ibadan hill The Guardian Newspaper
17 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains Olumo Rock, revered by people in Abeokuta for saving them during war Views.ng
18 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains Giant human footprint on a sacred hill Tozali online
19 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains Awhum waterfall and caves Pulse.ng
20 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains Monoliths (rocks) Vanguard Newspaper
21 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred mountains Ishage Rock, Oke Ado Mountains Titi s Wanderlust
22 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Prayer mountains ( Ori oke ) Volcanic and granitic rocks and inselbergs used by some Christian sects for prayer meetings Guardian Newspaper
23 Benjamin Bola Hussein Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Prayer mountains Oke Maria, owned by the Roman Catholic church Several hundreds of prayer mountains across southern Nigeria
24 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred trees Sacred groves and forests Sacred mountains Sacred waters
25 Newvision.co.ug Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred waters Most surface waters in Nigeria, including the Atlantic ocean, are considered sacred Osun river and its worshippers
26 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred waters Sacred waters are believed to be the homes of water spirits, marine spirits, water goddesses Mostly known as Yemoja (mother of fishes) or Olokun (Queen of the Sea) Worshiped as god of fertility, wealth and power Pictured as mermaid or simply as a woman
27 Are mermaids real?
28 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred waters Major sacred rivers in southwest: Niger, Osun, Ogunpa, Oba, Ose, Owena, Ogun Southeast: Obi Pond, Imo River, Abua Lake, Atochi stream, Oguta Lake Legit.ng New World Encyclopedia
29 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Olokun goddess original brass monument unearthed in Olokun grove, Ile-Ife, Nigeria Jesse Hathaway/Pinterest
30 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred waters Water goddess in Imo River, southeastern Nigeria is known as Imo Mmiri Enroute.ng/Tumblr
31 Sacred natural sites in Nigeria Sacred waters Iyake suspended lake on Oke-Ado Mountains Titi s Wanderlust
32 Aesthetic and cultural values of sacred natural sites Ecotourist sites and some are listed as UNESCO heritage sites Cities and streets are named after sacred trees and rivers Protected by traditional laws, taboos, enforced by traditional law enforcers and cult groups Place of traditional worship and ritual-based traditional healing Sites of cultural and biological heritage Source of plant and animal resources for traditional medicine
33 Conservation values of sacred sites Some of the sacred forests hold important relic biodiversity Sacred trees are important part of urban forestry Sacred trees are integral to agroforestry
34 Overexploitation Erosion of cultural and religious values Threats to sacred sites Policy issues Land Use Act 2007 Science and education Desecration of sites by police search
35 Recommended actions POLICY AND LAW MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES RESEARCH
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37 I am happy to connect Israel Borokini Israel Borokini Israel Israel Borokini Israel Borokini
DISAPPEARING SACRED GROVES: CAUSES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF ABIA STATE OF NIGERIA
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