Ministry of Tourism and Culture Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments:

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1 Ministry of Tourism and Culture Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments: Part Lot 1 Concession 16 a Prepared for: H. Bye Construction 395 Church Street North Mount Forest, Ontario N0G 2L2 Prepared by: William R. Fitzgerald, Ph.D Bruce Road 20 RR2 Tiverton, Ontario N0G 2T0 Phone (519) dr_dig@xplornet.com Archaeological Consulting Licence Number P097 Ministry of Culture and Tourism Project Information Number P August 2011

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS Project Personnel i Acknowledgments i List of Figures i List of Photographs i 1.0 Introduction Stage 1: Evaluation of Archaeological Potential Landscape Features Local Registered Archaeological Sites Euro-Canadian Presence Summary of Archaeological Potential Stage 2: Property Assessment and Results Field Conditions and Inspection Methodology Results Recommendations and Advice on Compliance with Legislation References Cited

3 Project Personnel Project and Field Director William Fitzgerald (MTC licence P097) Background Research Angela Gunn (MTC licence A260) Field Investigation Report Production William Fitzgerald Angela Gunn William Fitzgerald Acknowledgments The assistance provided by the following individuals greatly facilitated the completion of this study: Randy Bye and Bruce Fulcher [H. Bye Construction Ltd. (Mount Forest)] Dean Flanagan [landowner (Lot 1 Concession 16)] Stewart Morton [Environmental Planner, Hydro One Networks, Inc. (Toronto)] Genevieve Scott and Brandon Ward [Cuesta Planning Consultants Inc. (Owen Sound)] Robert von Bitter [Archaeological Data Coordinator, Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (Toronto)] List of Figures 1. Study area location Development property location Proposed licensed area Proposed development plan and licensed area Area physiography Location of photographs Stage 2 field investigation methods List of Photographs 1. Looking east from crest of moraine Looking southwest across undulating Looking southwest from edge of moraine i

4 1.0 Introduction The Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture (MTC) divides the archaeological process as it relates to land use planning and development into four stages (MTC 2011): Stage 1 (Evaluation of Archaeological Potential) Using landscape, archaeological, and historical information from the subject property and surrounding area, known and potential heritage resources within the subject property are identified and, where resources or potential exists, appropriate field investigative strategies are recommended. Stage 2 (Property Assessment) The field inspection is intended to provide an inventory of all archaeological sites within the subject property. If no cultural sites are located or if discovered sites are deemed not to be significant, development can proceed. Any archaeological site found during Stage 2 that is deemed to be culturally significant must, however, be subjected to a Stage 3 assessment. Stage 3 (Site-Specific Assessment) The purpose of a Stage 3 investigation is to obtain more detailed information about a site s size, structure, cultural affiliation, and artifact density. The results of the Stage 3 assessment are used to determine the site s heritage value. In instances where a site is not considered to be culturally significant, no additional archaeological investigation will be required. For sites considered to have a high level of heritage significance, a Stage 4 mitigative strategy must be developed. Stage 4 (Mitigation of Development Impacts) In development situations there are two options when dealing with archaeological sites that are considered to be culturally significant: the site can be protected by redesigning a development project or, if avoidance is not possible, the site must be completely excavated. H. Bye Construction Ltd. of Mount Forest has proposed a 7.08-hectare (17.49-acre) expansion of the licensed area of the active Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit [Part Lot 1 Concession 16,, ](Figures 1-4). This report presents the results of an MTC Stage 1 evaluation of archaeological potential and a Stage 2 property investigation of the proposed expansion area. The Stage 1 and Stage 2 archaeological assessments are conducted under archaeological consulting licence P097 issued by the Ontario Ministry of Tourism and Culture to Dr. William R. Fitzgerald in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act (Ontario 1990) using the standards and guidelines outlined in the 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines 1993 (MCTR 1993) the PIF having been Page 1

5 issued prior to the implementation of MTC s 2011 standards and guidelines. Figure 1. Study area location Figure 2. Development property location Figure 3. Proposed licensed area Page 2

6 Figure 4. Proposed development plan and licensed area 2.0 Stage 1: Evaluation of Archaeological Potential The Ministry of Tourism and Culture defines landscape, resource, and cultural criteria that are to be considered when evaluating a property s archaeological potential (MTC 2011:17-18). Criteria that indicate the potential for the existence of archaeological resources within the proposed hectare (17.49-acre) licensed area include: 1. proximity to a previously identified archaeological site [BaHe-3]; 2. proximity to a primary water source [a branch of the Beatty Saugeen River]; 3. proximity to a secondary water source [wetland]; 4. elevated topography [glacial spillway/kame moraine complex]; Page 3

5. area of early Euro-Canadian settlement; and 6. proximity to early historical transportation route [Grey Road 9]. The Stage 1 component consists of: 1.

7 5. area of early Euro-Canadian settlement; and 6. proximity to early historical transportation route [Grey Road 9]. The Stage 1 component consists of: 1. an overview of the potential for the presence of Native habitation, resource-procurement, ritual, and burial sites within the proposed development area based on landscape features and recorded archaeological sites in the vicinity; and 2. the subject property s 19 th century Euro-Canadian history that is derived, in part, from provincial land surveyors field notes and plans, census returns, county directories, and land registry records. 2.1 Landscape Features The Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit is situated within the Singhampton Moraine section of the Horseshoe Moraines physiographic region (Chapman and Putnam 1973:65-66, ). The Singhampton Moraine a network of northeast-southwest trending kames (composed of icecontact stratified drift) and meltwater spillways, was formed when the retreating Elma ice sheet of the Port Bruce phase of the Late Wisconsinan glaciation stalled in northwestern Egremont Township between about 14,500 and 14,000 years ago (Figure 5). spillway study area kame moraine drumlinized till plain till moraine drumlin esker Figure 5. Area physiography (Chapman and Putnam 1984) Both the undifferentiated till of the moraine and the coarse Elma sediment would have been deposited near the glacier's fragmenting edge (moraine) -- either sub-glacially or by glacial Page 4

8 meltwater that was in contact with the glacier (Barnett 1992:1021,1023; Gillespie and Richards 1954; Karrow and Warner 1990:8-11; OGS 1984:10; Sharpe and Broster 1977). Large quantities of glacial meltwater were channelled to the south and west along spillways that were established between the stalled and fragmenting ice margin and higher ground to the east, producing broad outwash terraces (OGS 1984:10, 35; Sharpe and Broster 1977; Sharpe and Edwards 1979). The branch of the Beatty Saugeen River that runs to the immediate south of the proposed extraction area flows through what had been a meltwater channel (Sharpe and Broster 1977). Based on the proximity of the proposed extraction area to the Beatty Saugeen River and its associated wetlands, and its elevated glaciofluvial topography, potential exists for the presence of Native habitation, resource-procurement, ritual, and burial sites. 2.2 Local Registered Archaeological Sites Within a ten-kilometre radius of the subject property only one Native cultural site (BaHe-3) consisting of an isolated chert flake of undetermined temporal placement, has been registered in the Ministry of Tourism and Culture s Ontario Archaeological Sites Database. It was located near the northeast edge of the kame moraine in the initial section of the Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit (Fitzgerald 2007). The paucity of registered archaeological sites in such a large area might be more of a reflection of the lack of systematic archaeological investigation in the area than an indication of the Native presence following the final retreat of the Wisconsinan glacier about 13,500 years ago. 2.3 Euro-Canadian Presence Concession 16 Lot 1 is located within the 1.5 million-acre Sauking (Saugeen) Indian hunting territory south of the Bruce Peninsula that was surrendered to the Great Father (William IV) under the terms of Treaty 45½ on August 9, 1836 (Canada 1891:113). What became the western boundary of -- the Garafraxa Road (now Highway 6), was initially surveyed by Charles Rankin in In 1841 the road was re-surveyed by John McDonald who also established the lots of Concession 1 along its east side. Concessions 2 and 3 were added by Robert W. Kerr in 1845 (Cork 2000:6), and between July and November 1851 John D. Daniel surveyed the remaining eastern section of the township (Daniel 1851). At the time of the 1851 census, no Euro-Canadian settlers were enumerated for Concession 16 Lot 1 or any of the immediately adjacent lots. Page 5

9 Modla Ellis purchased from the Crown a hundred-acre lot for each of his sons: Concession 15 Lot 1 for John; Concession 15 Lot 2 for Moses; Concession 16 Lot 1 for Richard; and Concession 16 Lot 2 for Charles (Cork 2000:281). The 1861 census records that Richard (27) and Sarah (27) Ellice had wed in the census year and were living in a one-storey log house on Concession 16 Lot 1. Twenty-five of the 100 acres had been cleared, and in 1860 there were ten acres of spring wheat, two acres of peas, five acres of oats, one acre of potatoes, and two acres of turnips. Livestock consisted of two bulls/oxen, five steers, three cows, one horse, seven sheep, and seven pigs. Richard Ellice continues to be listed for Concession 16 Lot 1 in the 1865 directory (Smith 1865:88). The patent for the lot was issued by the Crown to Richard Ellis on March 9, At the time of the 1891 census, Richard (59) and Sarah (58) were living in a three-room, one-storey wooden house with children Richard (28), James (26), and Mary (12). Richard Ellis sold the lot to his unmarried sons Richard Jr. and James on December 28, 1895, who, on March 2, 1900 sold it to William John Eccles. Eccles sold Concession 16 Lot 1 to son and World War I veteran Arthur on June 14, On both the 1950 topographic map (based on 1938 aerial photography) and 1966 air photo a barn and house are located along Lot 1's midline, approximately 200 metres and 300 metres, respectively, north of Grey Road 9. The proposed licensed area begins about 125 metres north of the house. 2.4 Summary of Archaeological Potential Based on MTC archaeological site location criteria specifically the proximity to water sources and a registered site, potential exists for the presence of Native cultural sites within the area of the proposed expansion area of the Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit. The original, post-ca Euro-Canadian homestead is situated to the immediate south of the study area. While a Stage 2 property assessment is warranted for the entirety of the proposed 7.08-hectare (17.49-acre) licensed area, the area of highest archaeological potential is the extraction area i.e., the elevated kame moraine. 3.0 Stage 2: Property Assessment and Results Permission to enter the property and, if necessary, remove any cultural objects recovered during the Stage 2 field investigation was granted by Cuesta Planning Consultants Inc. on November 2, Page 6

3.1 Field Conditions and Inspection Methodology The landscape of the proposed Flanagan Aggregate

Photographs 1-3). 3 2 1 Figure 6. Location of photographs a s Photograph 1.

10 3.1 Field Conditions and Inspection Methodology The landscape of the proposed Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit expansion area is dominated by the undulating terrain and slopes of the pronounced kame moraine the extraction area. A narrow section of the adjacent, flat spillway is included within the licensed area (Figure 6; Photographs 1-3) Figure 6. Location of photographs a s Photograph 1. Looking east from crest of moraine: Photograph 2. Looking southwest across undulating existing Flanagan Pit to left (May 11) moraine (May 11) s Photograph 3. Looking southwest from edge of moraine: spillway to right (May 11) Page 7

11 The Stage 2 field investigation of the proposed licensed area was conducted on May 11, 2011 the sky was overcast and the temperature 23 C. A small section of the proposed expansion area had been investigated in 2008 by Golder Associates Ltd. as part of the archaeological assessment of the Hydro One Networks Inc. s Bruce to Milton Transmission Corridor. No cultural material was encountered (Golder Associates Ltd. 2009)(Figure 7). spillway: pedestrian previously assessed (Golder 2008) not assessed (steep slope) kame moraine: pedestrian Figure 7. Stage 2 field investigation methods Stubble from the previous year s crop on the elevated kame moraine had been ploughed under in April and the surface adequately weathered by early May. This area was subjected to pedestrian survey along transects spaced at 5-metre intervals. The steep slope that defines the northwest edge of the moraine was not assessed. The small, narrow section of flat spillway that is located within the proposed licensed area but outside of the proposed extraction area, was covered with emerging winter wheat at the time of the Stage 2 assessment. While that area possessed lower archaeological potential than the elevated terrace and will not be disturbed by extraction activities (extraction will expand to the southwest from the existing pit), its partially obscured surface was examined along transects spaced at 5- metre intervals. 3.2 Results No cultural material or features attributable to Native or Euro-Canadian cultural activity were encountered during the 2011 Stage 2 pedestrian field investigation of the proposed 7.05-hectare Page 8

12 (17.49-acre) expansion to the Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit. 4.0 Recommendations and Advice on Compliance with Legislation Ministry of Tourism and Culture Stage 1 and Stage 2 archaeological assessments were conducted for a 7.05-hectare (17.49-acre) section of Concession 16 Lot 1,, Township of Southgate,. The area is slated for expansion of the active Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit. No cultural material or features were encountered. Based on the results of the Stage 1 and Stage 2 archaeological assessments it recommended that the proposed 7.05-hectare (17.49-acre) expansion of the Flanagan Aggregate Extraction Pit be considered free from further archaeological concern. If, however, any type of ground disturbance related to aggregate extraction occurs beyond the licensing limits presented within this report, Stage 1 and Stage 2 archaeological assessments of those areas will be required. This report is submitted to the Minister of Tourism and Culture as a condition of licensing in accordance with Part VI of the Ontario Heritage Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. O.18. The report is reviewed to ensure that it complies with the standards and guidelines that are issued by the Minister, and that the archaeological fieldwork and report recommendations ensure the conservation, protection and preservation of the cultural heritage of Ontario, When all matters relating to archaeological sites within the project area of a development proposal have been addressed to the satisfaction of the Ministry of Tourism and Culture, a letter will be issued by the ministry stating that there are no further concerns with regard to alterations to archaeological sites by the proposed development. It is requested that the Ministry of Tourism and Culture accept this report into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports referred to in Section 65.1 of the Ontario Heritage Act. Should previously undocumented archaeological resources be discovered, they may be a new archaeological site and therefore subject to section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The proponent or person discovering the archaeological resources must cease alteration of the site immediately and engage a licensed consultant archaeologist to carry out archaeological fieldwork, in compliance with section 48(1) of the Ontario Heritage Act. The Cemeteries Act, R.S.O c. C.4 and the Funeral, Burial and Cremation Services Act, S.O. 2002, c.33 (when proclaimed in force) require that any person discovering human remains must notify the police or coroner and the Registrar of Cemeteries at the Ministry of Consumer Services. The proposed development area lies within the traditional territory of the Saugeen Ojibway Nation. It is recommended that the Saugeen Ojibway Nation Environmental Office [(519) ] also be contacted if cultural material or human remains are encountered during the preparation of the Page 9

13 extraction area or during the removal of aggregate. 5.0 References Cited Barnett, P.J Quaternary Geology of Ontario. In, Geology of Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Special Volume 4, Part 2: Canada 1891 Indian Treaties and Surrenders, Volume 1: Treaties Queen's Printer, Ottawa. Chapman, L.J. and D.F. Putnam 1973 The Physiography of Southern Ontario. University of Toronto Press, Toronto Physiography of Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey map P Cork, Campbell 2000 While We Still Remember: A History of Stan Brown Printers, Owen Sound. Daniel, John D Field Notes, Diary and Report, Survey of the Township of Egremont. Field Note Book 1153, Crown Land Surveys, Ministry of Natural Resources, Peterborough. Fitzgerald, William R Ministry of Culture Stages 1 and 2 Archaeological Assessments: Proposed Bye Quarry Sites, Part Concession 3 Lot 30, Part Concession 16 Lot 1,, Township of Southgate,. Report submitted to H. Bye Construction, Mount Forest. Gillespie, J.E. and N.R. Richards 1954 Survey of. Ontario Soil Survey Report 17, Experimental Farms Service, Canada Department of Agriculture and the Ontario Agricultural College. Golder Associates Ltd Stage 2 Archaeological Assessment (Revised): Bruce to Milton Corridor Project (Western Portion). Report submitted to Hydro One Networks Inc., Toronto. Karrow, P.F. and B.G. Warner 1990 The Geological and Biological Environment for Human Occupation in Southern Ontario. In, The Archaeology of Southern Ontario to A.D Edited by Chris J. Ellis and Neal Ferris. Occasional Publication of the London Chapter, OAS Number 5:5-35. Page 10

14 MCTR 1993 Archaeological Assessment Technical Guidelines 1993 (Stages 1-3 & Reporting Format). Archaeology & Heritage Planning Unit, Ministry of Culture, Tourism and Recreation, Toronto. MTC 2011 Standards and Guidelines for Consultant Archaeologists. Ministry of Tourism and Culture, Toronto. OGS 1984 Aggregate Resources Inventory of,, Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper 85. Ontario 1990 Ontario Heritage Act. R.S.O. 1990, c. O.18. Sharpe, D.R. and B.E. Brostner 1977 Quaternary Geology of the Durham Area, Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P Sharpe, D.R. and W.A.D. Edwards 1979 Quaternary Geology of the Chesley-Tiverton Area, Southern Ontario. Ontario Geological Survey Preliminary Map P Smith, William Wye 1865 Gazetteer and Directory of the County of Grey for Globe Stream Press, Toronto. Page 11

Original Report F WIN , F WIN Prepared for Northland Power and Ministry of Tourism and Culture

Original Report F WIN , F WIN Prepared for Northland Power and Ministry of Tourism and Culture STAGE 2 ARCHAEOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT McLEAN S MOUNTAIN WIND FARM Part Lots 12-15, Concession 3 Geographic Township of Howland Part Lot 24, Concession 12 Geographic Township of Bidwell and Goat Island (formerly