SUMMER COURSE Innovation in Tourism and Sustainable Regional Development AZORES - Portugal, 3-10 September 2011

Transcription

1 SUMMER COURSE Innovation in Tourism and Sustainable Regional Development AZORES - Portugal, 3-10 September 2011 Crisis and Ruptures, Tourism as a Lever of Regional Development Tomaz Ponce Dentinho Universidade dos Açores, Portugal

2 The cisergic hitch Tourism is a cisergic phenomenon: good and bad at the same time. It can be either be the lever of regional development or the path of envisaged tragedies. Can crises and ruptures be helpful to promote change and development and avoid catastrophic outcomes? Or those crises and ruptures are just an opportunity to move to another place leaving degradation behind? Can tourism be a prostitution of the territory?

3 Awarding ideas to read the real We propose to address these questions departing from a discussion of the concept of sustainable regional development, Focusing different case studies about the role of tourism in regional development and, finally, highlighting the role of crises and ruptures and their different typologies in sustainable regional development.

4 Presentation 1.º concept of regional sustainability 2.º tourism in regional development 3.º role of crises in sustainable regional development 4.º typology of crises and ruptures 5.º management of crises to promote sustainable development

5 1.º concept of regional sustainability

6 a concept of regional sustainability Evolution of the Population of Easter Island Population Years Evolution of the Population of Santa Maria Population Years

7 concept of regional sustainability Seven Cities scarce resources

8 a concept of regional sustainability Terceira water Terceira Island Water Demand Water Consumption (103 x m3) Terceira Island Monthly Water Supply and Demand (Estimation) Thousands (m3) Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Supply Demand

9 a concept of regional sustainability Pico infra

10 a concept of regional sustainability Flores people José Benedicto Royuela - Brunel

11 2.º tourism in regional development

12 tourism in regional development Global Importance of Tourism

13 tourism in regional development Reduction on Air Flights Prices Local Importance of Tourism Charters supported from Northern Countries Economic and Financial Crisis in Portugal Increasing importance (10%) Different islands State (50%) and Agriculture (35%) still with a major importance

14 tourism in regional development Advantages and Disadvantages ADVANTAGES! Employment! Income! Valorization of Capital! Promotion of Culture DISADVANTAGES 50% - 70% stays out Abandonment of activities Environmental impacts Degradation of culture Unqualified employment DEPENDS Different types of tourism generate different effects The effects of tourism depends on the origin and on the capacity of the tourist. SO THERE IS FREDOM TO MANAGE To promote the better tourims. To promote a sustainable tourism.

15 tourism in regional development Tourism competitiveness TRADITIONAL PERSPECTIVE! More nights.! More rich tourists NEVERTHELESS Quality Tourism spends the same per night The important thing is to control the value chain of tourism and be competitive in regards to other destinies Local 30% Outside 70% Local 50% Outside 50%

16 tourism in regional development Touristic Sustainability TRADICIONAL PERSPECTIVE! Mass tourism is not sustainable! Ecotourism and rural tourism is sustainable NEVERTHELESS Mass tourism and rural tourism can be sustainable or not Small agents are less confident on policies towards sustainablility Turismo de Massa Ecoturismo Turismo de Massa Ecoturismo Environment Environment

17 tourism in regional development Perspective of tour operators! Because hotels have high fixed costs and must keep high occupancy rates.! Because tourists like irganized packages! Because tour operators secure the viability of small firms! Because tour operators are the real regulators of the market! Because air companies and tour operators behave as monopsonistic in regards to the local market capturing the major part of the margin! And are less worried on sustainability sice they have other destinies to explore

18 tourism in regional development Perspective of local agents! They compete with other local in quality and price.! They contact with Tour Operators to increase the rates of occupancy! They reduce costs asking for ssubsidies, reducing salaries and standardizing services! Real Estate business increase their income through the valorization of land and construction costs inflated by subsidies.! Subsidies also go to Tour Operators and Air companies! All of them ask the government to deal with the amenities and build infrastructures for a larger population

19 tourism in regional development Perspective of regulators! Economic Regulators push the idea for more hotels, more non qualified employment and more tourists.! Economic Regulators want to allocate European supports to the construction of hotels and subsistance of air company with monopolistic concessions and old fashion charters! Environmental Regulators promote land use plans and environmental investment but they are condicionned to the location of hotels and a lot of public money is diversted to people that only stay 1 month per year.

20 tourism in regional development Perspective of the Society! The Society prefers to maximize the welfare of the various agents (locals? globals?) associated directly, indirectly and inducely with tourism.! The Society wants to secure levels of equity compatible with social cohesion and human development.! The Society would like to secure sustainable ecosystems, the development of culture and local institutions. Wages of other sectors Wages of Tourims Wages in tourism of quality

21 tourism in regional development What to think Tourism and Regional Development Competitiveness of Value Chains Equity in the allocation of value Environmental and Cultural sustainability More days Free air transport Support other sectors Qualify touristic services Define maximum charges Think on variuos touristic cycles

22 tourism in regional development What to do Tourism and Regional Development Competitiveness of Value Chains Equity in the allocation of value Environmental and Cultural sustainability More days Free air transport Support other sectors Qualify touristic services Define maximum charges Think on variuos touristic cycles Liberalize air transportation for major islands and promote the competition between airports. Instead of one day to see five island a stratagy to stay in one island along the year: boolfights, pilgrimage, golf, fishing, research.

23 3.º role of crises in sustainable regional development

24 role of crises in sustainable development A B C D E F G H I J K Thoughts L M N O P Q U V

25 role of crises in sustainable development P A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q U V

26 3.º role of crises in sustainable regional development 4.º typology of crises and ruptures 5.º management of crises to promote sustainable development