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2 3 The Kansas School Naturalist Published by The Kansas State Teachers College of Emporia John E King, Presiden~ Prepared and ssued by The Department of Biology, with the cooperation of the Divisions of Education and Social Science Editor: John Breukelman, Head, Department of Biology Editorial Committee: na M. Borman, Helen M. Douglass, Dixon Smith. The Kansas School Naturalist is sent upon request, free of charge to anv citizen of Kansas. The Kansas School Naturalist is published in October, December, February and April of each year by The Kansas State Teachers College, Emporia, Kansas. Second-class mail privileges authorized at Emporia, Kansas. Lees See Whab There s Outdoors As any skillful teacher knows, a wealth of material for the study of nature or science is to be found near at hand. Surrounding almost any school in Kansas, at almost any time of year, are things to see and study-trees, grasses, weeds, rock ledges, fences, wind-blown sand, hedgerows, lawns, birds, insects, spiders, examples of soil erosion and soil building, roads, roofs. The list may be extended and subdivided as far as you like. s there a lawn around your school? Does it look the same along the north side of the building as along the south? Are there spots where grass does not grow? Are weeds growing in these spots? Are the dandelions evenly distributed? Are different kinds of clover present? After a rain, do angleworms come to the surface? Can you find any spider webs? f your school is rural, perhaps there is a hedgerow near. What kind of trees or bushes are there? Rabbits, cardinals, turtles, bobwhite, insects, and many other kinds of animals live in and near hedgerows. The soil in a hedgerow is probably richer than in an adjacent field. Having been protected against erosion, it may be several inches or a foot above the level of the soil in the field. Not only do hedgerows protect the soil against erosion, but because leaves, dust, and other soil building materials accumulate there, soil is actually being built up in the hedgerow while in the adjacent field it is wearing away. After a rain, there may be puddles of water with muddy flats ; if so you may try being a detective. T u r te s, birds, squirrels, mice, cats, and many other visitors will leave their tracks in the mud. Compare these with the snow tracks pictured in The Kansas School Naturalist for February, 955, page 9. For a short time immediately after a rain there will be little rivers, complete with tributaries, waterfalls, flood plains, dams, and deltas. The water will be muddy at first and gradually clear up. Here are many lessons in soil erosion. Your school may be in the midst of a good place to hunt arrowheads, n d ian beads, agates, fossil leaves, gypsum crystals, shark teeth, and the like. t may be near a heron colony, fish hatchery, prairie dog town, wildlife refuge, county, city, state or federal lake, sinkhole, gravel pit, salt marsh, game farm, irrigation canal, beaver dam, glacial moraine, chalk bluff, arboretum, tulip farm, buffalo ranch, spring, or artesian wellall these and many other areas of outdoor interest exist in Kansas.

3 4 5 WLD FOODS Most of us who live in Kansas do not have to go far afield to find native plants that can be used for food. Some of these, like the wild strawberry of eastern Kansas, have been known as delicacies ever since people have lived here. Others, like the milkweed and cattail, have been overlooked either because they are only weeds, or because we just never thought of them as anything to eat. We sometimes forget that our crop and garden plants, such as corn, potatoes, or cabbage, were developed from wild ancestral plants, and that some plants which grow wild in one place (such as the dandelion) may be raised in gardens or fields in some other localitv. "Wild foods," ~s they were called by Eva L. Gordon"', can give those of us who love the outdoors an opportunity for new flavors and a sense of getting something useful from a trip outdoors. Perhaps some future issue of The Kansas School Naturalist can be devoted to a detailed treatment of wild foods, but in this one, space will permit only a few precautions, a list of sample edible plants, a few sample recipes, and a description of a tin-can cooker. 'Eva L. Gordon, Wild Foods, Cornell Rural School Leaflet, Vol. 36, No.4, March 943. PRECAUTONS:. Be a courteous collector; take only plants that are abundant; do not collect on others' property without permission; obey "No Trespassing" signs and other signs goveming the use of grounds. 2. Some wild plants are poisonous; do not use plants that you know nothing about. 3. Do not eat wild plants raw unless they grow where there is no chance for contamination. SOME EDBLE WLD PLANTS: Dandelion-leaves, young roots Water cress-leaves, young stems Sheep sorrel-leaves, stems Curly dock-young leaves Burdock-young stems, leaves, roots Shepherd's purse-young leaves Chickweed-leaves and stems Lamb's quarter-young leaves and seeds Milkweed-young stems (like asparagus), young leaves, young pods Cattail-young stems, pollen, roots Arrowhead-tubers Wild rice-seeds Elderberry-fruits Wild grape-fruits Persimmon-fruits Pawpaw-fruits SAMPLE RECPES:. Green salad-equal quantities of young dandelions, dock, and sorrel, tossed with French dressing, with a little chopped mint. 2. Burdock stems-peel leaf stalks of young burdock like rhubarb, drop into boiling water, cook until tender, drain, stir into pancake batter, fry in fat until brown. 3. Cattail-pollen pancakes - (late May and June) when upper parts of cattail "heads" are ready to shed their pollen, shake pollen into a bowl and substitute for about half the Hour required for your favorite pancake recipe. 4. Young milkweed stalks on toast -cook like asparagus and serve on toast with your favorite white or vegetable sauce. TN-CAN COOKER: The outdoor cooker in the accompanying figure was described by E. L. Palmer, in the January 943 issue of The American Biology Teacher, as follows : "... and have prepared soup, biscuits, bacon and French toast in less than twenty-three minutes from the time lit the first match... This combination cooker uses four tin cans. Two of these are one-pound coffee cans. One of these is prepared with a simple wire handle. n it, place water and enough dried soup material to make a good soup. Above this can place the second coffee can, which serves as my oven or for the making of cocoa or native 'tea.' The boiler beneath serves as an insulating area and prevents my biscuits from buming. n the baker, place biscuit dough made after a variety of recipes. Prepared biscuit Hour may prove to be the Simplest material to use though native Hour may be had from such plants as cattails... The two coffee cans are placed on top of my 'stove,' which consists of a gallon oil can salvaged from the dump. have cut out a door about four inches long and the same height, into which can thrust my fuel of pencil-size dry sticks. The top of this stove has been cut crudely to let the heat and Hames arise but has a skeleton of tin to support my coffee-can boiler and baker. now place my stove in position; on it, the two coffee cans. Now make my fryer. This consists of another can about the size of the stove but deep enough to cover my coffee can, and wide enough to allow free circulation of air between. The bottom of this can is open and the opposite end entire. Near this top cut two Hues on opposite sides about an inch deep and four inches wide. This fryer sets on the stove over the boiler and baker. On its top fry bacon and French toast at the same time. build a fire in the stove and frv the bacon. n the grease lay a pie~e of bread with a hole in it the size of the yolk of an egg. n this hole drop the egg, and when the egg is fried firm to one side of the bread, turn bread and egg together... there should have been enough heat in the coffee cans to boil the soup and bake the biscuits. You then thrust a stick through the Hues in the fryer, lift it off and there the biscuits and soup are ready to be eaten." [: NESTED SE. BSCUTS O ~,.r'; ~ --:;, "~_ r',{ v -~;~- ~ \ ", \. -,. -: (. _ \ ' ))', FRE \ \. r", N

4 6 LAK~S N KANSAS STAT~ AND LAK~S AND PARKS V> ::c t" 'T til til V> " 0 :s: ('j t",... fa' 0 0 ~ o n' < ~ ~.,. ".. =-- ~ ~... : 'D.. "" S ; ;3;:;.'." Vistiors to our state are usually lakes for fishing and recreation. "= ~ ~ 7': -< o ~OQlXtoe. =.e. ~ surprised to find that it is fairly The federal reservoirs are multi = '< " '<" ('j ~ " ~ ~ ~ o > :>:l dotted with lakes. True, they purpose... ('j n " = '> :J: n ~ ~ may not have the majestic set The federal reservoirs are the -<.. "a." '" '" s ting of a mountain tarn (or ap largest lakes in the state. These.. pear as a glacial memento in the include Fall River, Kanopolis, Allen C northern forest) yet for an out Cedar Bluff, Kirwin, and Web Atchison C 5W Huron N edge Medicine Lodge Barber S doors-loving family nothing is ster. Several others have been K39 06 Bourbon C 2N Hiatville 4 Brown S 60 7 'h E :ls Hiawatha 36 more pleasant than an evening authorized. 232 x x x x x x Butler S 3W :N Augusta 54 at the lake. Picnicking, fishing, n southeastern Kansas, there Chase S 3 W Cottonwood Falls 50S x x x x Clark S 0W:lS Kingsdown 54 boating, swimming or even are many lakes occupying strip Clay C Near Wakefield K82 8 '" Cowley S l3ne Arkansas City camping out all night are possi mine pits, many of which are Crawford No. S 4N Pittsburg K7 50 x x x x K7 69 x x x x 2 Crawford No.2 S N:lE Farlington bilities that await you. You might well stocked with fish. g3 47 x x Decatur No. S N Oberlin find new plants, birds, or other South of Scott City is a broad N :le Oberlin 36 6 x x x x 2 Decatur No.2 S Douglas C W :3N Baldwin City 50N x x x x x 4 animals that you won't see else shallow basin, usually dry but Douglas C 7 x x 2 Ellsworth C 8N Hollyrood x where. occasionally filled with water. n x Finney S 8N:3W Kalvesta 50-K x Geologists tell us that lakes are 95, Whitewoman Creek dis Ford C N Dodge City 50S &5 Franklin C characteristic of young land charged its flood waters into this Graham C 3NW Morland x x x x x scapes. n older landscapes eros basin, making a lake 8 square Grant S 'h E Ulysses x x x 2 Harvey C 3NW Halstead 50S-K89 Hodgeman C 6 W :ls Jetmore 50N 33 x x ion either wears down the out miles in extent. Jewell S 6S:4W Mankato 36-K28 43 lets of lakes and drains them, or A lake which all Kansans visit, 5 2 Jewell C 2E Lakin 50S 3,000 x x fills them with sediment and veg if possible, is Cheyenne Bottoms Kearney S 80 x x x Kingman S 8W Kingman 54 Leavenworth 3 W :N Tonganoxie x x x x x etation. Kansas has a relatively in Barton County. Divided into S Logan S 4.NW Russell Springs 40-K25 60 old landscape, so we have found five pools, it has a total area of Logan C 5 x x it necessary to counteract 9 square miles. ts primary pur Lyon S 5W:N Reading K99 35 x x Marion C SE Marion 50N x x x x Mother Nature and make our pose is to serve as a migratory McPherson S 7N:2%W Canton 50N 43 McPherson C 3E:N nman K7 x x x x own lakes. bird sanctuary. Thousands of Meade S 7S:5W Meade K98 00 x x x x Kansas has more than 20 pub ducks use this area for "the Miami S 2SE Paola x x x x.. Montgomerv S 4 %SE ndependence lic artificial lakes and an equal pause that refreshes" on their Nemaha S E :4S Seneca K x x x x x x Neosho S 5N :3E Parsons x x x x x number of private lakes (over 0 semi-annual flights. Norton C At Lenora K9 69 x x x Ottawa S 5N :le Bennington 8-K93 38 x x x x acres in size) giving a total water The state and county lakes are Pottawatomie 5N Westmoreland K99 24 x x x x S area of over 60 square miles at listed on page 7 of this issue. Be Pottawatomie S 4NE Manhattan Pratt C SE of Pratt 54-K64 96 x x x normal levels. There were no sides all these, there are perhaps R epublic S 5N :2W Jamestown K R ooks 3S :2W Stockton S state or county lakes and few city 75,000 or more farm ponds in Rush C 6 lakes before 930. Over half the the state. Saline C Scott S 2N Scott City 83 5 x' x x x x x public lakes in the state were Sedgwick C 3E :3S Garden Plain FUTURE SSUES, as now planned: Shawnee C SE of Topeka x x x x 2 constructed from 935 through Sheridan S 4N :2E Quinter K97 24 x x x October 955-Fall Wildflowers Sherman C Most of the city lakes were December 955-undecided Stafford C constructed for water supply, February 956-Spring Wildflowers Sumner C Woodson 79 x x x x S 5E Toronto 54 and all of the state and county April 956-Turtles of Kansas Wyandotte C NW of Kansas City K5 332 x 3 7

5 \ 'kj' 0Z 'Cf.l ye...e 0 0 ~ 0!..~F~-'S L.-, L- L.-.._ lela'!' lr'lel' 39 iq't'i #4,,. ':..' -..~ ' t-ma;;.o - -' ~' L-2 - E -- ~y L.L'S 6- A- '38 0 :38 ""An 'CRU,.S!UQ(;. Clo~~,,,-, fi3areer - - ~ icom'i\n(;;e- A:; t>.-t/ - -~iarper P- '4'2. : '-, _' rco,o... r~....~~ ~'o A,stWbQ 0 3r- sq... ""~ 37 'lo,..,-z / 0 KEY TO MAP ~ M-Historical Marker P-State Park 6-0ther Point of nterest ALLEN Ml, Boyhood home of General Funston L2, lola City ANDERSON Ll, Garnett L2, Garnett Reservoir ATCHSON Ml, Atchison L2, Atchison County loa BARBER P, Barber County State M2, Medicine Lodge Peace Treaties 6 3, Twin Buttes and Gypsum Hills 6 4, Natural Bridge BARTON M, Pawnee Rock M2, Fort Zarah 63, Cheyenne Bottoms 64, Frank Robl Game Refuge 6 5, Geographic Center of Kansas 99 BOURBON M, Fort Scott L2, Fort Scott L3, Fort Scott Reservoir L4, Bourbon County BROWN Pl, Brown County State L2, Horton City L3, Hiawatha BUTLER P, Butler County State L2, Augusta L3, ElDorado L4, ElDorado q8" }5, Leon fhase, Chase County State, 62, Knute Rockne Memorial CHAUTAUQUA L, Sedan CHEROKEE M, Baxter Springs Massacre 62, State Forest 63, Strip Mine s CHEYENNE L, St. Francis 97' CLARK P, Clark County State 62, Big Basin and Little Basin CLAY L, Clay County COMANCHE 6, Hell's Half Acre COWLEY P, Cowley County State M2, Opening of Cherokee Outlet CRAWFORD P, Crawford County State, No. P2, Crawford County State, No.2 6 3, Strip Mine s 6 4, State Quail Farm 6 5, State Forest DECATUR P, Decatur County State, No. P2, Decatur County State, No.2 M3, Last ndian Raid in Kansas DCKNSON M, End of Chisholm Trail M2, Father Juan de Padilla, and Quivira

6 0 L3, Herington 64, Eisenhower Home and Memorial DONPHAN Ml, Highland Presbyterian Mission M2, Elwood 63, White Cloud Lookout DOUGLAS Ml, Lecompton Slavery Capitol M2, Lawrence M3, Battle of Black Jack L4, Lone Star L5, Baldwin ELK Ll, Howard L2, Moline L3, Moline 64, Waterfalls on Elk River ELLS Ml, Fort Hays L2, Ellis ELLSWORTH GREENWOOD Ll, Eureka L2, Severy 63, Fall River Reservoir (Federal) HAMLTON 6, Sink Hole HARPER Ml, Old Runnymede L2, Anthony HARVEY Ml, Red Turkey Wheat L2, Harvey County HODGEMAN Ll, Hodgeman County JACKSON Ll, Whiting L2, Holton L3, Soldier JEFFERSON Ml, Battle of Hickory Point JEWELL P, Jewell County State / ( M2, Battle of Mine Creek L3, Pleasanton L4, Mound City 65, Wildlife Refuge LOGAN P, Logan County State' L2, Russell Springs 63, Bad Lands and Chalk Bluffs LYON P, Lyon County State MARON Ll, Marion County MARSHALL Ml, Marysville L2, Waterville 63, Alcove Springs McPHERSON P, McPherson County State M2, Kansas ndian Treaty L3, McPherson County Kansas Roadside Parks n the following list the roadside parks are arranged by highways, all except those preceded by "K" being federal highways. All of the parks listed have tables and fireplaces; some have water and toilets, these being designated by the letters "w" and "T" following the name of the town. The usual letters (N-north, S south, E-east, and W-west) are used to show directions, and when a number is given also, this indicates the distance in miles. Thus, the first listing means that the park is west of Belvue and has water and toilets. 50S-N Burlington 50S-l2 E Emporia, T 50S-4 W Emporia 50S-W Clements 50S-Florence, W 50S-E Newton, T 50S-Kinsley, W, T 50S-E Garden City 50S-W Garden City 54-E Yates Center 54-6 E Kingman 54-3 E Pratt, W, T 54-E Greensburg 54-Meade, W 54-Liberal, W 59-S Ottawa, W, T 59-S Garnett 59-W lola, W 59-W Oswego, W, T 69-Trading Post 69-S Pittsburg 73-S Leavenworth 'i3---e Junction US W Fairview, T 75- S Topeka 75-8 S Topeka, T L2, Jewell County 75-N Burlington, T Ml, Fort Harker L3, Mankato 64, Maxwell Game 24-W Belvue, W, T 75-S Altoona L2, Holyrood JOHNSON Preserve 24-2 W Kansas City 75-Neodesha, W, T (County) Ml, Oregon and Santa MEADE 24-W Reno 77-NE Blue Rapids, T 63, Kanopolis Reservoir Fe Trails P, Meade County State 24-E Topeka 77-Florence, W (Federal) M2, Shawnee Friends 24-Junction US 8 77-E Douglass FNNEY Mission M2, Lone Tree Massacre 24-N Beloit, W, T 77-S Winfield P, Finney County State L3, Gardner 63, State Fish Hatchery 24-Downs, W 8l-Junction US 24 L4, Olathe and Pheasant Farm 24-W Stockton 8l-N Salina, W, T M2, ndian and Buffalo 63, Game preserve FORD Ml, Dodge City, Cowboy Capitol M2, Fort Dodge L3, Grandview KEARNEY P, Kearney County State M2, Choteau's sland KNGMAN P, Kingman County State 64, Sink Hole MAM P, Miami County State L2, Osawatomie L3, Paola MTCHELL 36-E Troy 36-W Highland, T 36-W Hiawatha, W 36-W Fairview, T 36-E Seneca, W 36-5 W Marysville, T 36-E Washington 8-8 N Lindsborg 8-McPherson 8l-N Wichita, W, T 8-8 N Wellington 83-0berlin, W 60-E ndependence, T l60-0xford, W, T L4, Ford County 62, State Quail Farm Ml, Waconda Springs 36-Rydal 60- SHarper, W L5, Ford County KOWA MONTGOMERY 36-Scandia, W 60-W Medicine Lodge, W, T FRANKLN 6, World's Largest 36-Kensington, W, T 60-E Ashland, T Ll, Ottawa Hand-dug Well P, Montgomery County 36-N Norton, W l69-n Osawatomie, W GEARY LABETTE State 36---E McDonald 83-2 N Hays Ml, First Capitol of Ll, Parsons M2, Civil War Battle, 36-W st. Francis 283-S Minneola, W Kansas M2, Fort Riley GOVE 6, Castle Rock LEAVENWORTH P, Leavenworth County State Drum Creek Treaty L3, Cherryvale L4, Coffeyville 65, Lowest Elevation in 40-E Junction City, W, T 40-Abilene 40-Wilson 40-W Hays, W KlO-S Merriam KlO-5 E Jct. K3 and US 40 K3-2 S Wichita K6-E Denison 62, Monument Rocks 62, Only Covered Kansas 40-W Ellis, W, T K7-N Hutchinson GRAHAM Bridge Left in Kansas MORRS 50-NE Olathe, T K8---N Bogue, W Ll, Graham County LNCOLN Ml, Council Grove 50N-E Baldwin K3l-Kincaid Ml, Lincoln County L2, Council Grove 50N-Junction US 59, T K42-SW Wichita GRANT ndian Raid 50N-E Council Grove K45-Kinsley, W, T P, Grant County State LNN 50N-E Great Bend, W, T K96-E Crestline Ml, Marais des Cygnes (Continued on 50N-E Garden City K96-Leon M2, Wagon Bed Springs Massacre page 6) 50S-Ottawa, W, T K292-W Leavenworth

7 2 3 BACK YARD PCNCS Are You a Litterbug? ST CKS 5 '\ '\.~,.J~ OLD WHEEL You don't have to take a long trip to go on a picnic, and you don't need fancy equipment. You may have a perfectly good picnic right in your own back yard, in the school yard, or in a nearby vacant lot or clump of trees in a pasture corner. An old apple box or log may be used to sit on, and a flat rock or board mav serve as a table. As shown in th~ accompanying pictures a fireplace may be built out of rocks, bricks, sticks, an old wheel or other metal piece from the trash pile or city dump. n fact, it may be more fun to see what you can build yourself than to start out with a lot of equipment already there. f you decide to have a fire, select a safe place for it, at least 0 or 2 feet from any tree or building. Do not make a large fire; pencil-sized sticks are big enough for cooking an entire meal, either in a cooker such as the one shown on page 5 or the brick fireplace such as the one on this page. Do not build a fire under an overhanging branch of a shade tree. Clear the area of paper, dry grass, or other materials in which a fire might spread. When you are through with the fire, put it out by pouring water over it or by covering it with earth, so there will be no chance of its smoldering for a time and flaring up later. Leave the site of your picnic clean. f there is no trash con tainer, burn the trash before putting out the fire, or bury it, or wrap it up and take it home to your own trash can. While you are looking around for suitable sticks, rocks, bricks or other materials, keep your eyes open for the things of na ture about you. BE SURE to return the center insert, as soon as you know your ad dress. "The character at the right is no gentleman. n fact, he is a noxious, two-legged insect in human form. He strews refuse in city parks, at the beach, and on the countryside. He leaves his debris at picnic spot, along stream bank, in national park and forest. He is a thoroughly undesirable individual with the most atrocious outdoor manners. He is fittingly represented as a harmful insect, and what is zations will become allied with hoped to be a lethal insecticide KAB, so that every area in the for him has been devised in the country will be covered. organization of Keep America The national office of KAB has Beautiful." prepared some teaching mater The above quotation and cut ials with suggestions for their appeared in the January, 955, use; further information may be issue of Nature Magazine, in an obtained from Keep America article entitled "nsecticide for Beautiful, nc., 00 Park Avenue, the Litterbug." The article deals New York 7, N.Y. with Keep America Beautiful, n the meantime all Kansas nc., also known as KAB, a vol teachers and pupils can do many untary organization whose pur things to keep Kansas beautiful. pose is implied in its name. Some things everyone can do The formation of KAB was are: () put paper plates and prompted by the increasing cups, bottles and bottle tops, tin amount of litter accumulating cans, candy and gum wrappers, along the roads, in parks and and other litter in trash containother scenic areas. res where they belong instead of The KAB movement is sup leaving them scattered about, ported by nature organizations, (2) organize "clean-up" days, women's clubs, business firms, (3) carry a "litter-bag" in the far m organizations, youth car instead of tossing litter out groups, service clubs, conserva the car window onto the road, tion agencies, as well as various and (4) encourage others to government agencies and help. No doubt you can think of schools. t is hoped that more many other things to do to help and more local and state organi- Keep America Beautiful.

8 4 5 -lints for Your Vacation Trip Are you getting anxious for vacation time to arrive? To manv Americans, vacation mem{s travel. f that's what you have in mind, here are a few hints that might help. Make plans well ahead. Making plans is almost as much fun as the trip itself. Get some maps; your gasoline dealer will help you, maybe even supply you with a booklet of maps with your route laid out and a description of interesting places along the way. The state highway departments of the states you will visit will also supply you with maps and other information. nquire about good places to stay and eat on vour route. Make all necessar): reservations well ahead of time. Read about the places you expect to visit; they'll be more interesting as a result. Even though it's a "travel" vacation, don't try to go too far, possibly not over 000 miles a week. Try concentrating on one rather limited area, staying a few days at one place. You can take short daily excursions and still have a more restful time. You'll probably appreciate and remember the days spent in one place more than all the rest of the trip. Take advantage of the wayside and historic sites. Buy a small ice chest and keep it stocked with food so that you can stop wherever you find a good place. t will be fun, you'll learn about the country, and besides, you'll save enough money to pay for the ice chest. Why spend any of your time doing things you can do at home, such as sleeping half the morning, attending movies, watching TV, or playing canasta? Try to get the feel of the country you're in; be friendly and talk with local people; ask questions; inquire at local Chambers of Commerce or information centers for good eating places and points of interest in their localities. How about camping out? You'll get more vacation for your money this way than any other. Near essentials are: camp stove, tent, sleeping gear, cooking and eating equipment, ice chest, lantern or flashlight, water pail. Camp only in authorized areas, but try to find the lesser known places-the better known spots are crowded. n any case, plan to arrive at the camp site well before supper time so you can make camp and eat before dark. Here are a few suggestions for places to visit: ONE-WEEK TRP : l. Black Hills and Bad Lands of South Dakota 2. Ozarks of Missouri and Arkansas 3. Colorado, east of the Continental Divide 4. St. Louis area; Mississippi River and Lincoln country 5. Chicago TWO-WEEK TRP: l. Michigan, Wisconsin, Minnesota-Western Great s 2. Kentucky and Tennessee 3. Gulf Coast 4. Arizona and New Mexico 5. Utah 6. Wyoming THREE-WEEK TRP: Just about any place in the United States and adjacent parts of Mexico and Canada, if you don't try to see everything on the way going and returning By the way, have you seen all the interesting places in Kansas shown on the map on pages 8 and 9? TO HELP YOU LEARN MORE ABOUT KANSAS. A Kansas Atlas, Kansas ndustrial Development Commission, Topeka, 952, (Your County Superintendent). 2. Fifteenth Biennial Report, June 30, 954, Kansas Forestry, Fish and Game Commission, Pratt, Kansas. 3. Kansas, Our State, Goebel, Heffellinger, and Gammon, Topeka, Kansas-Points of nterest, Historic, Scenic, Recreational, January, 942, State Highway Commission, Topeka, Kansas. 5. Official 955 Highway Map of Kansas, State Highway Commission, Topeka, Kansas. 6. State Parks of Kansas, Kansas Forestry, Fish, and Game Commission, Pratt, Kansas. 7. The Kansas Scene, Grace Muilen burg, State Geological Survey of Kansas, University of Kansas, Lawr ence. 8. To the Stars, "Kansas Tourist Guide," Vol. X, No., January February, 954, Kansas ndustrial Development Commission, Topeka, Kansas. 9. Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, "The Geography of Kansas," Part ; Political Geography by Walter H. Schoewe, September, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, "The Geography of Kansas," Part ; Physical Geography by Walter H. Schoewe, September, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, "The Geography of Kansas," Part ; Hydrogeography, by Walter H. Schoevve, September, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, "The Geography of Kansas," Part concluded; Hydogeography by Walter H. Schoewc, June, Water Resources Development by The Corps of Engineers in Kansas, January, 953, Southwestern Division, Dallas, Texas. 4. nscriptions on Kansas Historical Markers 940-4, Reprint from The Kansas Historical Quarterly, Nov. 94, Distributed by The Kansas Highway Commission; Topeka. 5. Kansas State Highway System Weekly Service Map, The Kansas Highway Commission, Topeka. 6. Directory of Public Officials in Kansas 953 "Public mprovements in Cities and Counties," Bull. No. 0.53, July 25, 953, The League of Kansas Municipalities, Topeka, Kansas.

9 (Continued from page 0) L3, Kahola la, Council Grove NEMAHA Pl, Nemaha County State L2, Sabetha NEOSHO Pl, Neosho County State M2, Neosho Mission M3, Osage Catholic Mission la, Parsons NORTON Ll, Norton County L2, Almena OSAGE Ll, Burlingame L2, Osage City L3, Lyndon OSBORNE Ml, Geodetic Center of North America L2, Alton L',3, Geodetic Datum of North America OTTA W A Pl, Ottawa County State L',2, Rock City PAWNEE Ml, Fort Larned PHLLPS Ll, Logan L2, Agra L3, Kirwin Reservoir (Federal) POTTAWATOME Pl, Pottawatomie County State No. P2, Pottawatomie County State No. 2 M3, St. Mary's PRATT Ll, Pratt County L',2, State Headquarters, Forestry, Fish and Game Commission RAWLNS Ll, Atwood RENO L',l, Salt Mines REPUBLC Pl, Republic County State M2, Pike-Pawnee Village RCE Ml, Coronado and Quivira L2, Little River L3, Sterling RLEY L',l, Bala Volcanic Pipe L',2, Leonardville gneous ntrusion L',3, Stockton Volcanic Pipe ROOKS Pl Rooks County State L2, Plainville RUSH Ll, Rush County RUSSELL Ll, Lucas L2, Russell City SALNE Ml, ndian Burial Ground L',2, Coronado Heights SCOTT Pl, Scott County State M2, El Quartelejo L',3, ntermittent SEDGWCK Ml, Treaties with ndians M2, Chisholm Trail L3, Sedgwick County SHAWNEE Ml, Capitol of Kansas L2, Shawnee County SHERDAN Pl, Sheridan County State SMTH Ml, Geographic Center of United States L2, Smith Center STAFFORD L',l, Salt Marsh Refuge SUMNER Ml, Caldwell and Chisholm Trail L2, Wellington L3, Caldwell L',4, Bartlett Arboretum TREGO Ll, Cedar Bluff Reservoir (Federal) WABAUNSEE Ll, Eskridge WALLACE M, Fort Wallace L',2, Highest Elevation in Kansas L',3, Smoky Basin Cavein, Old Maid's Pool WASHNGTON Ml, Pony Express Station WLSON Ll, Fredonia L2. Fredonia WOODSON Pl, Woodson County State L2, Yates Center L',3, Native Granite WYANDOTTE Ml, Emigrant Tribes M2, Kansas City, Kans. L3, Wyandotte County MOST OF THS SSUE was Clarke, senior biology student, compiled and prepared by Dixand 9. The engraving on page prepared the map on pages 8 on Smith, who teaches geogra 5 was borrowed from The phy in the Division of So American Biology Teacher and cial Science at Emporia State. the one on page 3 was bor Mr. Smith and Robert F. rowed from Nature Magazine.

10 This is the last number of the volume of The Kansas School Naturalist, so the time has arrived for making plans for next year. Among the most important items is the mailing list. No subscription price is charged residents of Kansas, but if you wish to be on the mailing list for , return this insert, filling in the blanks that apply. Non-residents should also return the insert; the subscription price will be announced in the fall, after a cost analysis of Volume has been completed. Please check your vocation or avocational interest in The Kansas School Naturalist: 0 Kindergarten teacher 0 Scout leader 0 Elementary teacher 0 4-H Club leader 0 High school teacher 0 Conservationist 0 College teacher 0 Game protector 0 County superintendent 0 Housewife 0 City sup't or principal 0 0 Student 0 have used The Kansas School Naturalist in the following ways: _-_._---.._-----_..---_ _...--_. _ _. _....._ Suggestions for future issues: On the card to the right, typewrite or print your name, address for next year, and present address, if your address wiu change. This card will be used in our files, so be sure that both name and address are exactly as you want them. Name address... Present address, if different from above