Mimosa Private Reserve. Bonito, Brazil. The Futures of Privately Protected Areas: Private Initiative for Public Benefit

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2 Mimosa Private Reserve. Bonito, Brazil The Futures of Privately Protected Areas: Private Initiative for Public Benefit

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4 Crane Reservation, USA

5 Timeline of Protected Areas National Parks Royal Preserves -> Privately Protected Areas Indigenous and Community Conserved Areas 1 AD 1864 Present Future Perfect

6 International Union for the Conservation of Nature 173 countries 1,270 organizations 6 Commissions 10,000 volunteers

7 Comissão Mundial de Áreas Protegidas

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11 Priorities emerging from the IUCN World Parks Congress 2014

12 Apply No Go policies to prevent damage from extractive activities More supportive legal and policy frameworks and integration of customary law. Enhance governance diversity, quality and vitality Fully recognize and support voluntary conservation of protected and conserved areas Respect procedural and substantive human rights Move from growth-based towards sustainable, equitable and satisfying economies and societies

13 Why PPA Futures? Privately Protected Areas (PPAs) are under-reported Some countries have extensive PPA networks, others have none at all The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) asked Parties in 2010 to improve, diversify and strengthen protected area governance types, including the recognition of PPAs within national protected area systems Patagonia Park, Chile

14 Methodology Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, Brazil

15 Research base 17 country reviews of PPA status Annotated bibliography Expert input: individual meetings and outreach Expert international workshop Events and discussions at international meetings/congresses Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, Expert PPA workshop, Bristol, UK

16 Desired outcome Headquarters of Bahamas National Trust Incorporating PPAs as a tool for national conservation planning through: Ensuring PPAs deliver desired conservation outcomes Gaining political and social acceptability for PPAs Encouraging the support of existing PPAs and the establishment of new PPAs

17 Theory of change What change do we want? National governments informed/encouraged to include PPAs in conservation planning Awareness that PPAs can and should be reported to the WDPA and CBD Who do we influence? Parties to the CBD UNEP-WCMC re WDPA IUCN: WCPA, World Parks Congress How do we intervene? Report, presentations and networking Language within official decisions Private reserve, Washington DC

18 Effecting change Reserva Costera Valdiviana. Chile. Photo N.Hall

19 Incentives & Management Review the range of possible incentives for PPAs: successes and failures Capacity and management: review issues, gaps, recommended actions Management effectiveness: results from a few countries Resources: gaps/problems re funding, approaches to sustainable funding PRNH Santa Cecília, Brazil Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

20 PPA Reporting Cradock, Eastern Cape, South Africa Reporting at a national level: tools and guidance for assisting identification and reporting of PPAs International processes: guidance from UNEP WCMC and CBD on PPA reporting by countries to the World Database on Protected Areas and CBD National Reports

21 The Futures of Privately Protected Areas The National Trusts Farne Island, UK

22 Three key areas 1 What is a Privately Protected Area (PPA)? 2 Global under-reporting of PPAs 3 Conservation importance Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, PRNHs Parque das Neblinas,

23 What is a PPA? Name: Privately protected areas (rather than private protected areas), inclusive not exclusive. i.e. NGOs have many thousand members Definition: Provide advice for assessing the status of potential PPAs against the IUCN PA definition (the standard for PA reporting) Principles: Agree principles on applying the definition to PPAs Private Reserve, South Africa Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

24 Privately Protected Areas Áreas Bajo Protección Privado Áreas Sob Proteção Privada

25 What is a PPA? Name: Privately protected areas (rather than private protected areas), inclusive not exclusive. i.e. NGOs have many thousand members Definition: Provide advice for assessing the status of potential PPAs against the IUCN PA definition (the standard for PA reporting) Principles: Agree principles on applying the definition to PPAs Private Reserve, South Africa Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

26 National Park National Military Park National Memorial National Battlefield Site National Parkway National River Wild and Scenic River National Historical Park National Monument International Historic Site National Seashore National Historic Site National Lakeshore National Reserve National Battlefield National Recreation Area

27 International Historic Site Designated National Park Areas National Reserves National Battlefield Parks National Lakeshores National Wild & Scenic Rivers National Seashores Other Designations National Recreation Areas National Memorials National Parks National Historic Sites

28 What is a PPA? Skomer Island, Wales A privately protected area is a protected area, as defined by IUCN, under private governance: A clearly defined geographical space, recognised, dedicated and managed, through legal or other effective means, to achieve the long-term conservation of nature with associated ecosystem services and cultural values

29 Definition A privately protected area is a protected area, as defined by IUCN, under private governance (i.e. individuals and groups of individuals); non-governmental organizations (NGOs); corporations commercial companies corporations set up by groups of private owners to manage groups of PPAs); for-profit owners; research entities (e.g. universities, field stations) or religious entities.

30 Private Governance Entities likely to own and manage PPAs: Individuals and groups of individuals Nongovernmental Organizations - NGOs Corporations (both existing commercial companies and sometimes corporations set up by groups of private owners to manage groups of PPAs) For-profit reserve owners Research entities (universities) Religious entities Parque Katalapi photo by E.Corcuera

31 Protected Area Area is legally designated and managed in accordance with the IUCN definition and associated principles OR Area is managed in accordance with the IUCN definition and associated principles, and, though not legally mandated, is recognized as a PPA Altos de Cantillana, Chile: M.Mayorga 2013 Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

32 Governance PPA managers should AND be aware of any rights of use which are not in their control, and ensure that such use does not impact overall conservation objectives Management is dedicated primarily to the purpose of nature conservation by its owner(s) or manager(s) Skomer Island, Wales

33 Permanence Area is legally designated for permanent protection of nature conservation (e.g. Act) OR Designation is made through a permanent agreement (e.g. conservation covenant/easement) OR Designation through renewable agreement with the aim of permanence (e.g. time-limited conservation covenant or easement) Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, Brazil

34 Long-term In recognition of the challenge that PPAs may have in proving longterm conservation, focus should be put on demonstrating long-term intent towards conservation. Longterm in this context should be at least 25 years, though the intent should be conservation in perpetuity, and safeguards should be put in place to ensure conservation objectives persist even if ownership changes. Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, PPA, South Africa

35 Under-reporting Canada: No comprehensive information regarding private protected areas across the country Australia: The national reporting of private protected areas is somewhat more ad hoc and is not comprehensive Germany: There is no central database of PPAs Kenya: As yet there is no centralised database covering all types of PA Eliezer Batista Private Crane Reserve. Reservation, Corumbá, USA MS,

36 RSPB Reserve, Wales BirdLife partnership An initial analysis by BirdLife suggests that the WDPA may be reporting only 25-30% of PPAs in the Birdlife Partnership

37 World Database on Protected Areas (October 2013) UNEP-WCMC: Basically, we have no idea how many sites in the WDPA are actually Private Protected Areas!

38 Importance Ham Wall, RSPB Reserve, England While private lands cover a relatively small portion of the overall land base, they may be disproportionately important in terms of protecting biological diversity There is a broad consensus that private protection has a key role to play in biodiversity conservation Privately protected areas have an important role to play in securing land of high biodiversity importance Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

39 Protected Areas Growth

40 Conservation Expanding underrepresented areas of PA networks Connectivity between areas Expansion of PAs Restoration Rapid responses to conservation crisis and opportunity Public support and involvement in conservation Rancho El Uno Ranch, Mexico

41 Representativeness PRNHs Serra do Tombador, Brazil The Private Reserve system in Brazil corresponds to just 0.33% of the total system. However, this belies their importance in under-protected biomes such as the Atlantic forest and Cerrado.

42 Mosaic of Public and Privately Protected Areas Massachusetts Commonwealth of Massachusetts Privately PAs Federal Mass. Massachusetts Privately PA Privately PAs Privately PAs

43 Recommendations 1. Use the IUCN protected area definition as the basis for defining and international reporting of PPAs 2. Review national PPA systems to clarify definition, legal standing and importance of PPAs 3. Develop and implement monitoring and management effectiveness systems for PPAs 4. Create or strengthen national PPA associations to assess performance, provide training and develop data collection systems Pumalin, Chile

44 Recommendations 5. Improve knowledge sharing and information by development of best practice guidelines and encouraging a focus on company and religious reserves 6. Understand what incentives are needed to support and promote PPAs relating to establishment, management and ensuring long-term security 7. Develop incentives to increase the conservation role of PPAs through expanding their size, ensuring connectivity and focusing on threatened species 8. Create structures and incentives to report on PPAs both nationally and to the WDPA Finland

45 PPA South Africa What s next Distribution of Private Reserve in Brazilian Biomes

46 Regional Development Skomer Island, Wales Use PPA regional leaders to develop and promote PPAs by: adapting existing management and evaluation tools for PPAs integrating PPAs into systematic conservation planning building management capacity amongst PPA owners collaborating with an organization like the Environmental Law Center to review national laws and policies governing PPAs Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS,

47 Networks & Partnerships Int l National Trust Organization Int l Land Conservation Network Int l NGOs (TNC, WWF, CI others) Enlightened governments Cross-sector (corporate, institutional) ICCA Consortium

48 Focus on A fully functioning specialist group with a cadre of people to focus on PPAs Launch of management guidelines in the IUCN WCPA best practice series Major session on PPAs at IUCN s World Conservation Congress backed by a Resolution to Congress that would seek to mobilize effort and resources towards PPAs Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, TNC reserve, Texas

49 privateconservation.net

50 Scaling Up Cox Reservation, Massachusetts, USA Privately Protected Areas are important partners PPAs often more flexible, faster to act; can be intermediary for governmental programs Private actors (e.g., NGOs, land trusts) benefit from comprehensive planning of government agencies Eliezer Batista Private TNC Reserve. reserve, Corumbá, Texas MS,

51 Closing PPA, Yorkshire Dales, England

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54 Permanence Area is legally designated for permanent protection of nature conservation (e.g. Act) OR Designation is made through a permanent agreement (e.g. conservation covenant/easement) OR Designation through renewable agreement with the aim of permanence (e.g. time-limited conservation covenant or easement) Eliezer Batista Private Reserve. Corumbá, MS, Brazil

55 Is only possible through informed, engaged communities of people. Lasting Protection

56 Urban Agenda US National Park Service Provide a forward-thinking picture for the National Park Service in cities; Raise awareness and illuminate urban parks and programs; Establish collaborative approaches that integrate parks, programs and partnerships; Relevancy of every park can be strengthened by activating the Urban Agenda.

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59 Muito obrigado! Senior V.P., Stewardship QLF Atlantic Center for the Environment Chair, Privately Protected Areas & Nature Stewardship Specialist Group IUCN World Commission on Protected Areas

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