THE CENTIPEDE FAUNA (CHILOPODA) OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO (GREECE, EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN).

Transcription

1 ISRAEL JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Vol. 51, 2005, pp. THE CENTIPEDE FAUNA (CHILOPODA) OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO (GREECE, EASTERN MEDITERRANEAN). STYLIANOS SIMAIAKIS, A,B,* ALESSANDRO MINELLI, C AND MOYSIS MYLONAS A,B a Natural History Museum of the University of Crete (Kriti), P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion (Irakleio), Crete, Greece b Department of Biology, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece c Department of Biology, University of Padova, I Padova, Italy Au: In your last paper in this journal, this was Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete. Also, initials are NHMC ABSTRACT Current knowledge of the centipedes (Chilopoda) of the south Aegean Archipelago is summarized, with references to material derived mainly from the well-explored islands of the Kyklades (Cyclades) and Dodekanisa (Dodecanes) and the rich centipede collection of the Natural History Museum of Kriti (Crete). The faunistic elements inhabiting the major geographical regions of the area and the distribution of individual species are presented. Seventy-one species and subspecies are recorded from the south Aegean islands; 33 taxa belong to the Geophilomorpha, 27 to the Lithobiomorpha, 10 to the Scolopendromorpha, and 1 to the Scutigeromorpha. To date, 56 species and subspecies are recorded from Dodekanisa, 43 from Kriti (Crete), and 38 from Kyklades. Of the south Aegean centipedes, 45% have Mediterranean (s.l.) affinities, 25% European (s.l.), 8% Balkan, 6% west Palaearctic, 6% Turano-Anatolian, 3% Turano-Mediterranean, and 8% are south Aegean endemics. Nineteen species are reported for the first time from Kyklades, 18 from Dodekanisa, and 1 from Kriti. Dignathodon pachypus, Henia vesuviana, Lithobius reductus, and L. catascaphius are recorded for the first time from Greece, while L. reductus is recorded for the first time from Europe. THE AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO INTRODUCTION Archipelagoes have a central role in the study of evolutionary processes. In recent decades, research interest in systematics and biogeography has focused on biological diversity evaluation and identification in important areas (Sfenthourakis and Legakis, 2001). The south Aegean, with its large number of islands, is an excellent area for studying the distributional patterns and the faunistic relationships among different geographical compartments for particular animal groups. Recent biogeographical and/or taxonomic works on the Aegean archipelago have dealt with beetles (Trichas and Lega- *Author to whom correspondence should be addressed. bio475@edu.biology.uoc.gr Accepted December 2005.

2 2 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool kis, 1987; Trichas, 1996; Fattorini, 2000; Chatzimanolis et al., 2003), butterflies (Dennis et al., 2000), centipedes (Simaiakis et al., 2004), isopods (Sfenthourakis, 1994, 1996; Vardinoyannis Sfenthourakis and Giokas, 1998), land snails (Mylonas, 1982; Vardinogiannis, 1994; Sfenthourakis et al., 1999; Welter-Schultes and Williams, 1999), reptiles (Foufopoulos and Ives, 1999), scorpions (Stathi and Mylonas, 2000), and spiders (Chatzaki, 2003; 2003 Chatzaki et al., 2002, 2005). The Aegean archipelago (Figs. 1,2) consists of more than 3000 islands, mostly continental in their origin (Trichas and Legakis, 1987). Kriti is one of the largest islands of the Mediterranean, with a surface area of 8,261 km 2, and forms the border between the Aegean and Libyan seas, 300 km from the north coast of Africa, 100 km from mainland Greece, and 200 km from Asia Minor. The Kyklades complex, consisting of more than 30 main islands and hundreds of islets, lies at the center of the Aegean archipelago. The total surface area of Kyklades is approximately 2572 km 2. According to Mylonas (1982), 75% of the area is mountainous and the rest consists of lowlands. Naxos is the largest of the Kyklades, with a surface area of 484 km 2. The island s highest point is Zeus Mountain, about 1004 m in elevation. Andros, Paros, Tinos, Milos, Sifnos, Serifos, Kythnos, Kea, Syros, Mykonos, Amorgos, Ios, and Thira are the other largest islands in this complex. Dodekanisa is an island complex located in the southeastern Aegean, and consists of 18 large islands and many small islets (Fig. 2). Rodos (Rhodes) is the largest Fig. 1. Sampling sited in south Aegean Island (collections by hand).

3 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 3 Fig. 2. The three main geographical compartments of the south Aegean archipelago. (A) Kyklades: NKY: north Kyklades, CKY: central Kyklades, WKY: west Kyklades, SKY: south Kyklades. (B) Dodekanisa: NDO: north Dodekanisa, SDO: south Dodekanisa, KA: Kastelorizo. (C) Kriti: CKR: central Kriti, WKR: west Kriti, EKR: east Kriti, SKR: south Kriti.

4 4 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Ref. island of Dodekanisa, followed by Kos, Karpathos, Kalymnos, Astypalaia, Kasos, Tilos, Symi, Leros, Nisyros, Patmos, Kastelorizo, and Chalki. The surface area of Dodekanisa is about 2705 km 2 ; 42% consists of lowlands, 26% is called submountainous, and 32% mountainous. PALAEOGEOGRAPHY The geological history of the Aegean started in the Neogene (Meulenkamp, 1971), when the landmass of Aegaeis emerged for the first time. Most of the islands of the Aegean archipelago represent geological survivors of the Aegaeis landmass. During the upper Miocene (12 5 mya) the palaeogeographic picture changed completely in the south Aegean (Dermitzakis, 1987). A rough segregation of Aegaeis occurred, mainly caused by the slow formation of a sea channel. The sea did not invade the other areas (Kyklades, Dodekanisa) until the Pliocene. In the Pliocene (5 2 mya) further sea expansion and continent compartmentalization took place. There is strong evidence suggesting that during the Pleistocene, the Kyklades were islands and that a wide sea barrier existed between Kyklades, Kriti, and Dodekanisa (Dermitzakis, 1990b). Kriti was formed at the end of the Miocene, when it was isolated from Asia Minor in the east and the area of Kyklades in the north. The Kyklades were isolated before the Pleistocene, while Dodekanisa lies close to Asia Minor and has been isolated for just a few thousand years (Perissoratis and Conispoliatis, 2003). CHILOPODA These predators are very common in various terrestrial habitats all over the world, inhabiting soil, litter, spaces under stones, trunks of trees, and buildings (Kos, 1996) The centipede fauna of the south Aegean islands is relatively well known, in contrast to other animal groups. Our current knowledge derives mainly from the studies of Lucas (1853), Karsch (1888), Cecconi (1895), Attems (1902), Verhoeff (1925), Chamberlin (1956), Kanellis (1959), Dobroruka (1977), Matic (1980), Matic and Stavropoulos (1988, 1990a,b, 1993), Zapparoli (1993, 1994, 2002), and Simaiakis et al. (2004). The first record of Greek centipedes was by Gaspard Auguste Brullé (1832), who studied material collected during the historical Expédition scientifique de Morée, organized by the French government in Peloponnisos, between 1829 and 1831, covering Athens, Aigina Island, Olymbia, Mykines, Kyklades, and some other islands (Zapparoli, 2002). Subsequent papers include faunal lists and taxonomic revisions. Among these papers, Hippolyte Pierre Lucas (1853) wrote the first report on Chilopoda from Kriti, Karsch (1888) presented the results of the collecting trip of the zoologist Eberhard von Oertzen from continental Greece (Attica, Peloponnisos), Ionian Islands (Kephalonia), Kyklades (Naxos), and Kriti between 1884 and 1885, while ten years later, Cecconi (1895) published the centipedes of Kriti collected by him in June 1893 (Zapparoli, 2002). At the beginning of the 20th century the Austrian myriapodologist Carl Graf Attems published critical works on the centipede fauna of Greece and its islands (Attems, 1902, 1903a,b, 1929b, 1935). Later, the American myriapodologist Ralph V. Chamberlin published data on the cave centipede fauna of Kriti (Chamberlin, 1956). The first modern list of

5 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 5 Chilopoda from Greece was completed by Kanellis (1959). Many other faunistic studies were published that have significantly increased our knowledge on the centipede fauna of insular Greece (Dobroruka, 1965, 1977; Matic, 1976, 1980; Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988, 1990a,b, 1993; Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990; Zapparoli, 1994). Recently, Zapparoli (2002) produced a modern catalogue of the centipede fauna of Greece based on the material collected from zoological trips of many naturalists from several research institutes (Museum of Natural History of Bergamo; University of Padova; Museum of Natural History of Carmagnola; Museum of Natural History of Torino; Museum of Natural History of Brescia; and Zoological Institute of the University of Innsbruck). He recorded 29 species from Kriti, 19 from Kyklades, and 37 from Dodekanisa. In contrast to the adequate knowledge of the centipedes of Kriti and its satellite islands (Simaiakis et al., 2004), records from the geographical area of the Kyklades and Dodekanisa are still limited. Before this study, 53 species were known from the south Aegean islands (Zapparoli, 2002), 42 from Kriti (Simaiakis et al., 2004), 19 from Kyklades (Zapparoli, 2002), and 37 from Dodekanisa (Zapparoli, 2002). In the literature there are no data for 39 of 67 islands (58%) studied in this work. These mainly comprise small islets around Kriti, the Kastelorizo complex, the islets of Kythira Antikythira, and several small islets of Kyklades (Pacheia, Askania) and Dodekanisa (Gyali). There is also a category of islands (13, almost 20% of the 67 studied) for which there is extremely scanty information (1 2 taxa). It comprises many islands of Kyklades (Kea, Folegandros, Milos, Antiparos, Anafi, Kythnos, Amorgos, Serifos) and Dodekanisa (Patmos, Leros). Furthermore, there are 11 large islands (Kalymnos, Nisyros, Paros, Astypalaia, Syros, Tinos, Naxos, Thira, Salamina, Chalki, Tilos) with reports ranging from only 3 to 9 species. The centipede fauna of 5 islands (Kasos, Karpathos, Kos, Rodos, Kriti) is well known, each island list containing more than 10 species (Table 1). MAIN AIM OF THE PAPER In this paper we present a fully revised catalogue of the centipede fauna of the Aegean archipelago based on the present research and unpublished records in the collection of the Natural History Museum of Kriti (NHMC) as well as on literature data. In total, we present data from 67 islands and islets of the south Aegean area. We present the faunistic element for each geographical compartment, distributional maps for each species (constructed based on both recent samples and references), and evidence concerning detailed ecological notes for many species. As a result, the known composition of the centipede fauna of the studied area has dramatically changed. The new data show 71 species and subspecies are known from the south Aegean archipelago, 43 from Kriti, 38 from Kyklades, and 56 from Dodekanisa. Detailed remarks on the taxonomic status and the diagnosis of certain species are presented. The taxonomy of several groups in Bothriogaster, Pachymerium, and Henia, and for the species Lithobius piceus, L. peloponnesiacus, and L. pusillus needs to be revised, and information on habitat preferences of many species is still incomplete (Simaiakis et al., 2004).

6 6 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Table 1 Number of species recorded. Previous and recent data on the centipede fauna of the south Aegean Au: What archipelago. NHMC: Natural History Museum centipede collections, PhD: recent material collected during the PhD research, *material deriving from the Zoological Department of the Univer- is the difference bet w e e sity of data from the literature only, B/R: literature data, N/D: new data Islands B/R N/D Islands B/R N/D and B/R Grantes (small) NHMC 0 2 Ro NHMC 0 13 Gianisada NHMC 0 3 Stroggyli NHMC 0 13 Kolokytha NHMC 0 3 Ios PhD 0 14 Marmara NHMC 0 3 Symi PhD 0 19 Paximada NHMC 0 3 Kastelorizo NHMC 0 20 Petalida NHMC 0 3 Kea PhD 1 9 Psomi NHMC 0 3 Folegandros PhD 1 9 Asklania * 0 4 Gavdos NHMC 1 11 Dia NHMC 0 4 Milos PhD 1 11 Dragonada NHMC 0 4 Patmos PhD 1 14 Trachilos NHMC 0 4 Antiparos PhD 2 5 Gavdopoula NHMC 0 5 Anafi PhD 2 7 Donousa PhD 0 5 Kythnos PhD 2 7 Koufonisi_Kriti NHMC 0 5 Kythira NHMC 2 9 Chrysi NHMC 0 5 Amorgos PhD 2 13 Koufonisi_Naxos PhD 0 6 Skyros NHMC 2 13 Makroulo NHMC 0 6 Serifos PhD 2 14 Pacheia * 0 6 Leros PhD 2 16 Antikythira NHMC 0 7 Nisyros PhD 3 21 Lagouvardos NHMC 0 7 Kalymnos PhD 3 22 Stroggylo NHMC 0 7 Paros PhD 4 10 Gyali * 0 8 Astypalaia PhD 4 14 Mykonos PhD 0 8 Syros PhD 5 10 Sikinos PhD 0 8 Tinos PhD 6 9 Schoinousa PhD 0 8 Naxos PhD 6 11 Agios Georgios a NHMC 0 9 Thira PhD 8 10 Agios Georgios b NHMC 0 10 Salamina PhD 8 19 Andros PhD 0 10 Chalki PhD 9 15 Elasa NHMC 0 10 Tilos PhD 9 16 Psoradia NHMC Prasonisi NHMC Grantes NHMC 0 12 Kos PhD Leipsoi PhD Sifnos PhD 0 12 Kriti PhD 42 43

7 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 7 MATERIALS AND METHODS More than 3000 specimens of centipedes were collected by hand from 268 different sites during field work in the wet period of two years (81 sampling days). In particular, 83 samplings were completed on 10 islands of Dodekanisa during 14 days (8.3 samples per island or 5.9 samples per day), 140 were carried out on 21 islands of Kyklades in a period of 39 days (6.7 samples per island or 3.6 samples per day), while 45 samplings were completed on Kriti in 23 days (almost 2 samples per day). From the total number of 268 collections, centipedes were found in 231 sites (see sampling area, Fig. 1). Because of the scarcity of material, some islands were visited repeatedly (Andros, Tinos, Paros, Naxos, Antiparos, Amorgos, Ios, Milos, Salamina, Syros) in order to obtain adequate faunistic results. Centipedes were preserved in 100% alcohol. Identifications took place at the Natural History Museum of Kriti (NHMC) and at the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen. Most of the material presented here is deposited at the NHMC. Apart from recent data, more than 3500 specimens of centipedes (deposited at the NHMC) collected from several sites by hand or by pitfall traps (Kriti, Kythira Antikythira complex, Kastelorizo complex) between April 1991 and January 2004 were also examined. In addition to the collections of NHMC we identified specimens from the Zoological Museum of the University of Athens collected on small islets of the Aegean archipelago (Askania, Pacheia, Gyali) and also from larger islands (Naxos, Astypalaia, Kalymnos, Kos, Nisyros). For each species we give the synonyms together with previous literature references from the Aegean area, distribution in Aegean archipelago, overall geographical distribution, chorotype, and habitat preferences. Taxonomic remarks are presented for many species. In order to easily and safely identify the species several keys were used (Attems, 1929a mainly for geophilomorphs, 1930 mainly for scolopendromorphs; Brölemann, 1930; Kanellis, 1959 mainly for lithobiomorphs; Eason, 1964, 1982 mainly for lithobiomorphs; Matic, 1966 mainly for lithobiomorphs, 1972 mainly for geophilomorphs and scolopendromorphs; Würmli, 1980 mainly for scolopendromorphs; Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988, 1993; Zapparoli, 1999 mainly for lithobiomorphs). Figures and collecting sites were drawn with Arc View GIS version 3.1. and Corel Draw 10. As far as the names of the localities are concerned (Kriti, Kyklades, Dodekanisa), we adopted the rules of the ELOT (Hellenik Organisation of Standardization). RESULTS GEOPHILOMORPHA Dignathodontidae Cook, 1895 Dignathodon Meinert, 1870

8 8 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Fig. 3. Dignathodon species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. 1. Dignathodon microcephalus (Lucas, 1846) (Fig. 3) 1. Dignathodon microcephalum [sic!]: Chamberlin, 1956: Dignathodon microcephalus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 15, 2002: 82. Stoev, (There is no 1997: 103. Simaiakis et al., 2004: b). South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Balearic Is., Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Near and Middle East, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Crimea, Croatia, Morocco, Montenegro, south France, Portugal, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Tunisia, probably introduced to Luxembourg (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. Balkan Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is common in phryganic ecosystems with Sarcopoterium spinosum, Verbascum spinosum, Euphorbia acanthothamnos, and Drimia maritima as well as in mixed phrygana

9 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 9 and maquis dominated by Coridothymus capitatus, Pistacia lentiscus, Pinus brutia, Juniperus phoenicea, and J. macrocarpa (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 1929a or 1929b Attems (1929) and Dobroruka (1956) provided illustrations of the poison claw that is the most important diagnostic character of this species. Dodekanisa. 2. Dignathodon pachypus Verhoeff, 1943 (Fig. 3) Insular Greece, Cyprus, Palestine. First record for Dodekanisa and Greece. First record for Greece. East Mediterranean. It was found in sparse phrygana and maquis dominated by Olea europea, Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus coccifera, and also Coridothymus capitatus, Salvia fruticosa, Urginea maritima, and Cistus sp. Verhoeff (1943) described this species based on a single specimen from Palestine, while Zapparoli collected a second specimen on Cyprus. A third specimen from Dodekanisa (Leros Is.) is recorded in this paper. Henia C.L. Koch, Henia athenarum Pocock, 1891 (Fig. 4) 1. Henia idomenei Attems, 1902: 575, 1903b: 275, 1929a: 235. Verhoeff, 1925: 659. Kanellis, 1959: 15. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Henia (Henia) athenarum Pocock: Minelli, 1982: 261. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 83. Stoev, 1997: 103. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 392. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, north Turkey, Caucasus, Crimea (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades and Dodekanisa.

10 10 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Fig. 4. Henia species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Henia athenarum is present in Acer sempervirens (Zapparoli, 2002), Cupressus sempervirens, Pinus brutia, or Quercus coccifera forests. Attems (1902) erroneously described H. idomenei from Kriti and later transferred to H. athenarum (see Zapparoli, 2002). The identity of the latter and the congeners presented below have been discussed by Minelli (1982). 4. Henia devia C.L. Koch, 1847 (Fig. 4) 1. H. devia Koch, C.L., 1847: 181. Attems, 1902: 574, 1903b: 275, 1929a: 233. Kanellis, 1959: 15. Minelli, 1982: 261. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 84. Stoev, 1997: 104. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Henia minor Koch, L., 1867: 897. Attems, 1929a: 235. Kanellis, 1959: 14. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Henia graeca Verhoeff, 1925: 629, 659.

11 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 11 Kyklades Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania (Zapparoli, 2002). Balkan (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is very rare in south Aegean islands, but it has been caught in thermomesophilous shrubs and woods, and in Abies cephalonica woods (Zapparoli, 1994, 1996). Dodekanisa. 5. Henia vesuviana Newport, 1845 (Fig. 4) Insular Greece, Austria, Balearic Is., Bosnia Herzegovina, France, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy, Corsica, Luxemburg, Madeira, Montenegro, Netherlands, FYR Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily (Fauna Europea). First record for Dodekanisa and Greece. European North Mediterranean. It was collected in sparse forests with Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera, and Olea europea as well as in phrygana with Pistacia lentiscus, Coridothymus capitatus, Salvia fruticosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Cistus sp., and Euphorbia sp. 6. Henia bicarinata Meinert, 1870 (Fig. 4) 1. H. bicarinata: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 17, 2002: 87. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 393. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Iberia, Italy, Canary Is., Caucasus, Corsica, Croatia, Maghreb, Madeira, Hungary, Sardinia, Sicily, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002) (there is no 1994b).

12 12 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Central European Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is recorded from sparse phrygana dominated by Coridothymus capitatus, Phlomis lanata, Satureja thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, Genista acanthoclada, Erica sp., and Cistus sp. (Simaiakis et al., 2004). The relationships between H. bicarinata and H. pulchella require further study. In the south Aegean and especially in Kriti, a taxonomic distinction between them seems to be justified, but a sound assessment of the question requires a revision of the group in the whole Mediterranean area (see Simaiakis et al., 2004). 7. Henia pulchella Meinert, 1870 (Fig. 4) 1. Henia pulchella Meinert: Attems, 1902: 573, 1903b: 275, 1929a: 234, 1929c: 298. Verhoeff, 1925: 659. Kanellis, 1959: 15. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 394. South Aegean. Insular Greece, Italy, former Yugoslavia (Kanellis, 1959). Balkan Central North Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It ocurrs on coastal or mountainous phryganic ecosystems with Coridothymus capitatus, Salvia fruticosa, Genista acanthoclada, Erica sp., and Cistus sp., on sand dunes, as well as on agroecosystems and on man-made environments. Geophilidae Cook, 1895 Clinopodes C.L. Koch, Clinopodes flavidus C.L. Koch, 1847 (Fig. 5) 1. G. flavidus Escherichi Verh.: Verhoeff, 1901: 453, 1925: 629, 658. Attems, 1903b: 233, 1929a: 204. Kanellis, 1959: Geophilus flavidus C. Koch: Attems, 1902: Clinopodes flavidus flavidus Att.: Kanellis, 1959: Clinopodes escherichii (Verhoeff): Dobroruka, 1977: Clinopodes flavidus escherichii (Verhoeff): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 103.

13 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO Clinopodes flavidus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 18, 2002: 97. Stoev, 1997: 103. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 399. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Italy, Caucasus, Crimea, Croatia, Cyprus, Montenegro, Palestine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Syria, Turkestan, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). Central South European West Asiatic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It has been caught in Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera forests, in cultivated lands, and in phrygana dominated by Phlomis lanata, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Calicotome villosa, and Satureja thymbra as well as in subalpine and alpine sparse phrygana at the edge of plateaus (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Fig. 5. Clinopodes flavidus, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

14 14 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. This species has been redescribed by Attems (1929a). Geophilus Leach, Geophilus carpophagus Leach, 1815 (Fig. 6) 1. Geophilus carpophagus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 19, 2002: 100. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 400. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular Greece, Albania, Algeria, Balearic Is., Belgium, France, Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Canary Is., Corsica, Croatia, Morocco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Palestine, Portugal, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). European Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It occurs mainly in places with Juniperus sp., Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, and Satureja spinosa. It has also been caught in subalpine and alpine phryganic ecosystems as well as on sand dunes (Simaiakis et al., 2004). The Geophilus species were identified based on Attems (1929a). 10. Geophilus conjungens Verhoeff, 1898 (Fig. 6) 1. Brachygeophilus conjungens: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: Geophilus conjungens Verhoeff, 1898: Zapparoli, 2002: 101. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Crimea, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. Northeast Mediterranean. It is widespread in phrygana dominated by Coridothymus capitatus, Calicotome vil-

15 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 15 losa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Pistacia lentiscus, Salvia fruticosa, Urginea maritima, Asphodelus aestivus, Cistus sp., and Phlomis sp., as well as in coastal ecosystems with Tamarix parviflora, Pistacia lentiscus, and Urginea maritima. 11. Geophilus flavus De Geer, 1778 (Fig. 6) 1. G. flavus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 20, 2002: 102. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Austria, North America, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Hungary, Poland, Portugal, Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Siberia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sweden, Tunisia, Finland (Zapparoli, 2002). European. It was only collected from a coastal locality with a sparse phryganic ecosystem with Sarcopoterium spinosum, Euphorbia sp., and Urginea maritima. Fig. 6. Geophilus species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

16 16 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Dodekanisa. 12. Geophilus fucorum Brölemann, 1902 (Fig. 6) Insular Greece, France, Italy, Corsica (Fauna Europea). First record for Dodekanisa and Greece. North Mediterranean. It was only collected from a sand beach with Pancratium maritimum and Poseidonia sp. 13. Geophilus insculptus Attems, 1895 (Fig. 6) 1. G. nesiotes Att.: Attems, 1903b: 227. Kanellis, 1959: 11. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: G. insculptus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 102. Stoev, 1997: 103. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 401. Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Austria, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Denmark, European Russia, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Corsica, Croatia, Morocco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Hungary, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sweden, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). European (Simaiakis et al., 2004). The habitat preferences of Geophilus insculptus in south Aegean area are unknown (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 14. Geophilus linearis C.L. Koch, 1835 (Fig. 6) 1. Geophilus linearis C.L. Koch, 1835: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 402. South Aegean.

17 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 17 Insular and mainland Greece, England, Austria, Bulgaria, Germany, Denmark, Italy, Corsica, Croatia, south France, Netherlands, Wales, Poland, Romania, Sardinia, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Finland (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades, Dodekanisa, and north Aegean. European North Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). not in refs. It is common in places with Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera as well as in subalpine and alpine sparse phrygana dominated by Satureja thymbra, Berberis cretica, and Astragalus angustifolius (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 15. Geophilus naxius Verhoeff, 1901 (Fig. 6) 1. Geophilus (Geophilus) naxius Verhoeff, 1901: 420, 454. Attems, 1903b: 224. Schubart, 1929: 11. Zapparoli, 1994b: 20, 2002: 104. Stoev, 1997: 103. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Geophilus graecus Verhoeff, 1902: G. l. naxius (Verh.): Attems, 1929a: 205. Kanellis, 1959: 13. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: G. linearis: Zapparoli, 1993: 95. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, south Turkey, Palestine (Zapparoli, 2002). Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is widespread in open phryganic ecosystems. It was also found among riparian vegetation with Nerium oleander, Coridothymus capitatus, and Calicotome villosa (Simaiakis et al., 2004), on agroecosystems, as well as on beach environments. 16. Geophilus pygmaeus Latzel, 1880 (Fig. 6) 1. Geophilus pygmaeus Latzel: Attems, 1902: 572. Verhoeff, 1925: 659. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 403. Kriti.

18 18 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Bosnia Herzegovina, Germany, Croatia, Serbia, Slovenia (Verhoeff, 1925; Stoev, 1997). Balkan Central European (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Geophilus pygmaeus was only collected in a dense pine forest (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Insigniporus Attems, Insigniporus sturanyi Attems, 1903 (Fig. 7) 1. Insigniporus sturanyi Attems, 1903: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 404. Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, FYR Macedonia (Zapparoli, 2002). Balkan (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It was only collected from alpine shrubs with Berberis cretica, Genista acanthoclada, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and Phlomis sp., as well as among ferns and Platanus orientalis (Simaiakis et al., 2004) It is new to Greece (Zapparoli, 2002), previously known only from the type locality, Gjevgjelü, FYR Macedonia (Attems, 1929a). The species has been thoroughly discribed by the latter. Pachymerium C.L. Koch, 1847 Pachymerium ferrugineum C.L. Koch, Geophilus ferrugineum C.L. Koch, 1835: Karsch, 1888: P. ferrugineum C.K.: Verhoeff, 1901: 454. Chamberlin, 1956: 52. Matic, 1980: 99. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 104. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 21, 2002: 94. Stoev, 1997: P. ferrugineum insulanum Verhoeff, 1902: 558. Kanellis, 1959: 17. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 104.

19 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO Pachymerium atticum Verh.: Verhoeff, 1925: 629, 658. Kanellis, 1959: 17. Insular and mainland Greece, Azores, Alaska, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Balearic Is., Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, United Kingdom, Iran, Spain, Italy, Canary Is., Caucasus, central Sahara, Corsica, Croatia, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Latvia, Madeira, Morocco, Pribilof Is., Norway, Netherlands, Hungary, Palestine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Turkestan, Turkey, Tripoli, Tunisia, Finland (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to Japan, Hawaii Is., North America, Mexico, Easter Is., Juán Fernández Is. (Eason, 1964). 18. Pachymerium ferrugineum ferrugineum (C.L. Koch, 1835) (Fig. 7) 1. Pachymerium ferrugineum ferrugineum C. Koch, 1835: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 398. South Aegean. Central west Palearctic. Fig. 7. Pachymerium species, Tuoba poseidonis, Insigniporus sturanyi, and Pleurogeophilus mediterraneus, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

20 20 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. It is very common in habitats modified by man, in Pinus brutia forests, in phryganic and maquis ecosystems with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Pistacia lentiscus, and Nerium oleander as well as in mountainous areas dominated by Quercus coccifera, and in subalpine and alpine phrygana (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 19. Pachymerium ferrugineum insularum Verhoeff, 1902 (Fig. 7) 1. Pachymerium ferrugineum insularum Verhoeff, 1902: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 399. South Aegean. Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It prefers coastal phryganic areas and sand dunes, while it has been collected very often under strands of Posidonia oceanica The true status of the forms treated here, following tradition, as subspecies requires further study. In south Aegean a taxonomic distinction between them could be justified, but a sound assessment of the question will require a revision of the whole complex (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 20. Pachymerium syriacum Attems, 1903 (Fig. 7) 1. P. syriacum Attems, 1903b: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 22, 2002: 96. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Lebanon, south Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). East Mediterranean. First record for Kyklades. It was collected on open forests with Quercus coccifera, Q. pubescens, Ficus carica, Platanus sp., and Olea europea, in phryganic ecosystems dominated by Pistacia lentiscus and Salvia fruticosa και Euphorbia sp., as well as in mixed phryganic and maquis places with Pistacia lentiscus, Juniperus phoenicea, Coridothymus capitatus, Cistus sp., and Urginea maritima.

21 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 21 Pleurogeophilus Verhoeff, Pleurogeophilus mediterraneus (Meinert, 1870) (Fig. 7) 1. Pleurogeophilus vetustus Silv.: Kanellis, 1959: 12. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Pleurogeophilus mediterraneus (Meinert, 1870): Zapparoli, 2002: 105. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Algeria, Austria, Balearic Is., north Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, Caucasus, south France, Hungary, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). South European Mediterranean. It is recorded on Mediterranean shrubs, under Abies cephalonica and Pinus nigra woods, and in mountain open habitats (Zapparoli, 1994, 1996). Tuoba Chamberlin, Tuoba poseidonis (Verhoeff, 1901) (Fig. 7) 1. Clinopodes poseidonis Verhoeff: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: Tuoba poseidonis (Verhoeff, 1901): Zapparoli, 2002: 106. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 404. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Egypt (Red Sea), Jordan (Death Sea), Italy, Corsica, south France, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Somalia (Indian Ocean) (Zapparoli, 2002). Mediterranean Southwest Asiatic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is quite common on beaches with strands of Posidonia oceanica. Verhoeff (1901) first described it as Geophilus poseidonis, while a couple of decades later it was referred to as Clinopodes poseidonis (Attems, 1929a).

22 22 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Himantariidae Cook, 1895 Bothriogaster Sseliwanoff, 1879 Bothriogaster signata (Kessler, 1874) 1. Bothriogaster affinis Sseliwanoff: Karsch, 1888: 221. Verhoeff, 1925: 69, 629, B. affinis var. naxia Verhoeff, 1901: 410, Bothriogaster Thesei Attems, 1902: b: Bothriogaster signata thesei Att.: Attems, 1926: a: 49. Kanellis, 1959: 10. Dobroruka, 1977: B. affinus [sic!] rhodia Verhoeff, 1941: Bothriogaster signata rhodia Verh.: Attems, 1949: Bothriogaster signata graeca Verhoeff: Chamberlin, 1956: 52. Kanellis, 1959: 10. Dobroruka, 1977: 164. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Bothriogaster signata Kesl.: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: Bothriogaster signata Attems [sic!]: Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: Bothriogaster signata thessei [sic!] (Attems): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Bothriogaster signata: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 13, 2002: 79. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 389. Insular and mainland Greece, Egypt, Albania, Bulgaria, Jordan, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Caucasus, Cyprus, Cyrenaica, Uzbekistan, Palestine, FYR Macedonia, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkestan, Turkey, Tripoli, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). 23. Bothriogaster signata signata Attems, 1926 (Fig. 8) Kyklades Dodekanisa. Balkan East Mediterranean West Asiatic. It was found on maquis with Quercus coccifera, Pistacia lentiscus, Coridothymus capitatus, Calicotome villosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and Phlomis sp. 24. Bothriogaster signata graeca Verhoeff, 1901 (Fig. 8) 1. Bothriogaster signata graeca Verhoeff, 1901: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 390. South Aegean.

23 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 23 Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It has been caught in mountainous places with Pinus brutia, in cultivated lands, in mediterranean phrygana dominated by Phlomis lanata, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Calicotome villosa, and Satureja thymbra as well as in subalpine and alpine phrygana (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 25. Bothriogaster signata thesei Attems, 1902 (Fig. 8) 1. Bothriogaster signata thesei Attems, 1902: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 390. Kriti. Kriti. Cretan endemic East Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Bothriogaster signata thesei has been collected in mountainous sites with Cupressus sempervirens, in coastal phryganic ecosystems, in phrygana dominated by Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Calicotome villosa, and Satureja thymbra, in alpine shrubs with Berberis cretica, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa as well as at sites with Platanus orientalis (Simaiakis et al., 2004). According to Simaiakis et al. (2004), the true status of the forms treated here, which, following tradition, are subspecies, requires further study. A taxonomic distinction between them could be justified, but a sound assessment of the question will require a revision of the genus in the whole Eastern Mediterranean area. Himantarium C.L. Koch, Himantarium gabrielis (Linné, 1767) (Fig. 8) 1. Himantarium gabrielis (L.): Kanellis, 1959: 9. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 103. Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: 37. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 13, 2002: 74. Kyklades Dodekanisa.

24 24 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Fig. 8. Bothriogaster taxa, Himantarium gabrielis, Stigmatogaster gracilis, and Strigamia acuminata, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Algeria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Bulgaria, west Turkey, Italy, Corsica, Croatia, Madagascar, Morocco, Montenegro, south France, south Romania, FYR Macedonia, Portugal, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. Balkan Mediterranean. It is common on phryganic Mediterranean communities dominated by Quercus coccifera, on thermophilous or thermomesophilous woods, and on agroecosystems, as well as on places with Abies cephalonica (Zapparoli, 1994, 1996, 2002). The taxonomic identity of H. gabrielis is quite complicated mainly because it is recorded with several erroneous names (see Zapparoli, 2002). Stigmatogaster Latzel, Stigmatogaster gracilis (Meinert, 1870) (Fig. 8) 1. Stigmatogaster gracilis (Mein.): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 103. Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: 37. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 77.

25 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 25 Kyklades. Insular Greece, Albania, Algeria, Balearic Is., Italy, Corsica, Croatia, Montenegro, south France, Sardinia, Sicily, Tunisia (Stoev, 1997; Zapparoli, 2002). Mediterranean. There are no detailed habitat data available (Zappaorli, 2002). Linotaeniidae Cook, 1904 Strigamia Gray, Strigamia acuminata (Leach, 1814) (Fig. 8) 1. Strigamia acuminata (Leach, 1814): Simaiakis et al., 2004: 405. Kriti. Insular Greece, Bosnia Herzegovina, Europe, Caucasus, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Turkey (Kos, 1992; Zapparoli, 1999; unpublished data). European Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It occurs in mountainous phrygana dominated by Berberis cretica, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa, in lowland phrygana with Sarcopoterium spinosum and Coridothymus capitatus, and sparse maquis with Pistacia lentiscus, Pinus brutia, Juniperus phoenicea, and J. macrocarpa (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is quoted as Scolioplanes acuminatus, accompanied by several diagnostic notes (Attems, 1929a). Schendylidae Verhoeff, 1908 Haploschendyla Verhoeff, Haploschendyla europaea (Attems, 1903) (Fig. 9) 1. Haploschendyla europaea (Attems, 1903): Simaiakis et al., 2004: 395.

26 26 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. South Aegean. Insular Greece (Corfu) (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades and Dodekanisa. South Balkan (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It occurs on coastal phryganic ecosystems, in sparse phrygana dominated by Calicotome villosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and Urginea maritima as well as in dense mixed phrygana and maquis dominated by Calicotome villosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Urginea maritima, Olea europea, and Pistacea lentiscus (Simaiakis et al., 2004). According to Simaiakis et al. (2004), the true status of the forms treated here, which, following tradition, are subspecies, requires further study. A taxonomic distinction between them could be justified, but a sound assessment of the question will require a revision of the genus in the whole Eastern Mediterranean area. Fig. 9. Schendylidae species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

27 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 27 Hydroschendyla Brölemann and Ribaut, Hydroschendyla submarina (Grube, 1872) (Fig. 9) 1. Hydroschendyla submarina: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 17, 2002: 90. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Bermoudes, France, Denmark, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Sweden (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to Bermuda Is. North European North Mediterranean. It is an halophilous species, under strands of Posidonia oceanica and next to brackish marshes (Zapparoli, 1994, 2002). Nannophilus Cook, Nannophilus ariadnae Attems, 1902 (Fig. 9) 1. Nannophilus ariadnae Attems, 1902: 578, 1903b: 194, 1929a: 70. Verhoeff, 1925: 659. Kanellis, 1959: 11. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 103. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 18, 2002: 91. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 396. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. South Balkan (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It was collected on coastal phryganic ecosystems with Juniperus oxycedrus, Pistacea lentiscus, Coridothymus capitatus, and Ceratonia siliqua as well as on typical sand dunes (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Attems (1902) described this species on specimens from Kriti and Korfu. According to Zapparoli (2002), the taxonomic affinities between this species and the closest Nannophilus eximius are still uncertain.

28 28 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. 32. Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870) (Fig. 9) 1. Nannophilus eximius (Meinert, 1870): Simaiakis et al., 2004: 396. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, North Africa, Canary Is., Madeira, south Italy, Sicily (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Dodekanisa. Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is widespread on beaches with Pancratium maritimum and Poseidonia oceanica, while it was also found in a dense pryganic locality dominated by Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Calicotome villosa, Spartium junceum, Erica sp., Cistus sp., and Euphorbia sp. Schendyla Bergsoe and Meinert, Schendyla nemorensis C.L. Koch, 1836 (Fig. 9) 1. Schendyla nemorensis (C.L. Koch, 1836): Zapparoli, 2002: 93. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 396. South Aegean. Insular Greece, Azores, Algeria, Austria, Balearic Is., Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, Croatia, Morocco, Norway, Netherlands, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sweden, Tunisia, Finland (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to Newfoundland and North America (Eason, 1964). First record for Kyklades and Dodekanisa. European Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It was found on subalpine ecosystems with prostrate shrubs, mainly Juniperus macrocarpa, Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, and Satureja spinosa, as well as on alpine valleys with very sparse vegetation of B. cretica, P. prostrata, Astragalus angustifolius, and S. spinosa (Simaiakis et al., 2004).

29 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 29 Lithobiomorpha Henicopidae Pocock, 1901 Rhodobius Silvestri, Rhodobius lagoi Silvestri, 1933 (Fig. 10) 1. Rhodobius lagoi Silvestri, 1933: 59. Zapparoli, 2002: 10 Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Australia, New Zealand, New Caledonia, South America, South Africa (Zapparoli, 2002; Edgecombe, personal communication). South American South African Australian. Based on the fact that R. lagoi was probably introduced to Rodos, there is no true habitat data available (Zapparoli, 2002). This species belongs to the subfamily Anopsobiinae Verhoeff, 1907, distributed in South America, South Africa, Australia, New Zealand, and New Caledonia (Edgecombe, personal communication). The presence of R. lagoi in Rodos is certainly due to human introduction (Zapparoli, 2002). Lithobiidae Newport, 1844 Eupolybothrus Verhoeff, Eupolybothrus litoralis (L. Koch, 1867) (Fig. 10) 1. Lithobius litoralis Koch, L., 1867: 899. Eason, 1972: Lithobius (Eylithobius) grossipes C. L. Koch: Karsch, 1888: L. fasciatus graecus Verh. var. fasciatograecus Verhoeff, 1901: 437, Lithobius fasciatus subsp. graeca var. unicolor Attems, 1902: Polybothrus fasciatus bosniensis Latz.: Verhoeff, 1925: 629, Polybothrus fasciatus Newp. [sic!]: Attems, 1929b: Eupolybothrus fasciatus fasciatograecus Verhoeff: Chamberlin, 1956: Polybothrus apenninigenus Brol. var. fasciatograecus Verh.: Kanellis, 1959: Polybothrus fasciatus (Newp.): Kanellis, 1959: Polybothrus fasciatus bosniensis var. flavescens Verh.: Kanellis, 1959: 29.

30 30 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Fig. 10. Eupolybothrus species, Rhodobius lagoi, Harpolithobius anodus, and Hessebius barbipes, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. 11. Polybothrus fasciatus fasciatus Att.: Kanellis, 1959: Eupolybothrus (E.) litoralis litoralis (L. Koch): Eason, 1970: 303. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Eupolybothrus litoralis graecus (Verhoeff): Dobroruka, 1977: Lithobius fasciatus graecus Verhoeff: Eason, 1983: Eupolybothrus fasciatus (Newp.): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 37, 1993: Eupolybothrus grossipes (L. Koch): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 37, 1993: Eupolybothrus litoralis (L. Koch): Zapparoli, 1990: 54, 1993: 95, 1994b: 27, 2002: 11. Stoev, 1997: 99. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 372. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Near and Middle East, Croatia, Cyprus, Montenegro, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). Balkan East Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004).

31 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 31 It is quite euryoecious on the Aegean islands, present in phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, in riparian sites with Nerium oleander, in humanaffected ecosystems, in open mountainous areas with Genista acanthoclada as well as in Pinus brutia, Quercus coccifera, Pistacia lentiscus, Juniperus macrocarpa, or J. phoenicea formations (Simaiakis et al., 2004). This species and its congeners have been redescribed by Eason (1970). Harpolithobius Verhoeff, Harpolithobius anodus Latzel, 1880 (Fig. 10) 1. Harpolithobius anodus (Latz.): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 37, 1993: 105. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: Harpolithobius thasosensis Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 41, 1993: 105. Zapparoli, 1993: Harpolithobius samothrakiensis Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: 42, 1993: 105. Stoev and Beron, 2000: 95. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Austria, north and central Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Montenegro, Hungary, Ukraine, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Dodekanisa. South European Northeast Mediterranean. It is recorded on Quercus sp. formations, on Platanus orientalis and Fagus sylvatica woods (Zapparoli, 1994, 1996), as well as in caves (Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988). Hessebius Verhoeff, Hessebius barbipes (Porat, 1893) (Fig. 10) 1. Hessebius matsakisi Matic and Stavropoulos, 1990a: 34, 1993: 106. Stoev and Beron, 2000: H. barbipes (Porat): Zapparoli, 1990: 55, 1993: 95, 1994b: 34, 2002: Hessebius barbipes matsakisi Matic and Stavropoulos: Eason, 1992: 76. Dodekanisa.

32 32 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Insular Greece, Egypt, northwest Iran, Jordan, Israel, Cyprus, southwest Turkey, Palestine, Syria, Turkmenistan (Zapparoli, 2002). East Mediterranean West Asiatic. According to Zapparoli (1994, 1996), it is common in open Mediterranean habitats as well as in Quercus coccifera scrubs. Lithobius Leach, Lithobius agilis C.L. Koch, 1847 (Fig. 11) 1. L. agilis: Zapparoli, 1993: 96, 1994b: 35, 2002: 20. Stoev, 1997: 99. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 373. Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Austria, Belgium, north Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, France, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, Croatia, south Scandinavia, Netherlands, Hungary, Ukraine, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Slovenia (Zapparoli, 2002). European (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is common in thermophilous forests, in places with Satureja spinosa, Berberis cretica, and Genista acanthoclada, as well as in phryganic ecosystems with Sarcopoterium spinosum, Verbascum spinosum, Euphorbia acanthothamnos, and Drimia maritime (Simaiakis et al., 2004). There is a critical revision of the species within the paper concerning the northwest European species of Lithobiomorpha (Eason, 1982). 39. Lithobius carinatus L. Koch, 1862 (Fig. 11) 1. Lithobius pubescens L. Koch, 1867: 898. Kanellis, 1959: 32. Eason, 1972: Lithobius macrops Karsch: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 43, 1993: L. carinatus L. Koch: Zapparoli, 1990: 56, 1993: 96, 1994b: 35, 2002: 21.

33 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 33 Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Jordan, Israel, Lebanon, southwest Turkey, Palestine (Zapparoli, 2002). East Mediterranean. It is the commonest lithobiomorph on the Kyklades island complex, present on Quercus coccifera, Juniperus phoenicea, Pistacia lentiscus formations, on sparse or dense phryganic ecosystems, as well as on beaches and man-made environments. This species has been redescribed by Eason (1972). 40. Lithobius cretaicus Matic, 1980 (Fig. 11) 1. Lithobius cretaicus Matic, 1980: 100. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 106. Zapparoli, 1993: 96, 1994b: 36, 2002: 22. Stoev, 1997: 99. Stoev and Beron, 2000: 93. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 373. Fig. 11. Lithobius agilis, L. carinatus, L. cretaicus, L. creticus, and L. erythrocephalus, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

34 34 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Kriti. Kriti (Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993). Cretan endemic South European. Only known from the type locality (Zapparoli, 2002). Eason (1990) argued L. cretaicus as a junior synonym of L. sitianus. However, after re-examination of type of both L. sitianus and L. cretaicus, it is assumed that the latter is a valid species (Zapproli, 2002). 41. Lithobius creticus Dobroruka, 1977 (Fig. 11) 1. Lithobius creticus Dobroruka, 1977: 161, 164. Zapparoli, 1994b: 37, 2002: 22. Stoev, 1997: 99. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 374. Kriti. Kriti (Zapparoli, 2002). Cretan endemic South European. Lithobius creticus is widespread on Kriti and its satellite islets. Quite euryoecious, present in forests with Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens, in open mountainous shrubs with Berberis cretica, Genista acanthoclada and Phlomis sp., in ecosystems dominated by ferns and Platanus orientalis, in common mixed phryganic and maquis formations with Sarcopoterium spinosum, Phlomis sp., Pistacia lentiscus, Juniperus phoenicea, or J. macrocarpa, in sand dunes dominated by Juniperus macrocarpa along with sparse Pistacia lentiscus and Coridothymus capitatus as well as in coastal phryganic areas dominated by Calicotome villosa, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and Urginea maritime (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Dobroruka (1977) described in detailed L. creticus.

35 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO Lithobius erythrocephalus C.L. Koch, 1847 (Fig. 11) 1. Sigibius creticola Chamberlin, 1956: Lithobius erythrocephalus C.L. Koch: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 42, 1993: 105. Zapparoli, 1993: 96, 1994b: 38, 2002: 23. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Monotarsobius creticola (Chamberlin): Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 106. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Azerbaijan, Albania, Armenia, Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France (Alps), Germany, Georgia, Denmark, west Russia, Switzerland, Jordan, Iran, Italy, Croatia, Latvia, Lebanon, Lithuania, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Hungary, Ukraine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Sweden, Turkey, Finland, introduced to Iceland and Saudi Arabia (Zapparoli, 2002). European West Asiatic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is recorded in open phryganic habitats, in thermophilous formations with Quercus coccifera and Pistacia lentiscus, in cultivated areas, and in anthropized places. 43. Lithobius intermissus (Chamberlin, 1952) (Fig. 12) 1. Lithobius (Lithobius) intermissus (Chamberlin, 1952): Zapparoli, 2002: 27. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Turkey (west Anatolia) (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Dodekanisa. Northeast Mediterranean. It is recorded on sparse or dense phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Quercus coccifera, Ballota sp., Salvia fruticosa, and Phlomis sp. Chamberlin (1956) presented a key to identify this species.

36 36 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. 44. Lithobius lucifugus L. Koch, 1862 (Fig. 12) 1. L. lucifugus L. Koch: Stoev, 1997: 100. Zapparoli, 2002: 31. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 376. Kyklades Kriti. Mainland Greece, Austria, north Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, Germany, Switzerland, Caucasus, Crimea, Croatia, Montenegro, southeast France, Hungary, Ukraine, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Russia, Scandinavia, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. European West Asiatic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It is presented in forests with Pinus brutia and Cupressus sempervirens, in mountainous phrygana with Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, Astragalus angustifolius, and Fig. 12. Lithobius intermissus, L. lucifugus, L. nigripalpis, L. piceus, L. pusillus, L. reductus, and L. viriatus, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

37 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 37 Satureja spinosa, and in places dominated by ferns and Platanus orientalis (Simaiakis et al., 2004). This species has been redescribed by Eason (1982). 45. Lithobius nigripalpis L. Koch, 1867 (Fig. 12) 1. Lithobius nigripalpis Koch, L., 1867: 899. Kanellis, 1959: 24. Eason, 1972: 140, 1990: 261. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 42, 1993: 105. Zapparoli, 1990: 57, 1993: 96, 1994b: 45, 2002: 33. Stoev, 1997: 100. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Lithobius piceus L. Koch: Cecconi, 1895: 193. Kanellis, 1959: 24. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 104. Stoev, 1997: Lithobius (Oligobothrus) forficatus nigripalpis L.K.: Verhoeff, 1899: 457, 1901: Lithobius peregrinus Latzel var. circula Attems, 1902: Lithobius Romanus Mein.: Attems, 1902: 552, 1929c: 300. Matic, 1980: 100. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 104, Lithobius peregrinus Latz.: Verhoeff, 1925: 658. Dobroruka, 1977: Lithobius piceus romanus Mein.: Verhoeff, 1925: 658. Kanellis, 1959: Lithobius piceus bulgaricus Verh.: Verhoeff, 1941: Lithobius lindbergi Chamberlin, 1956: 53. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Lithobius sitianus Chamberlin, 1956: 53. Eason, 1990: 257. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Lithobius piceus peregrinus var. circula Att.: Kanellis, 1959: 25. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Bulgaria, FYR Macedonia Romania, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It prefers habitats modified by man, agroecosystems, phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Phlomis lanata, Satureja thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, Genista acanthoclada, Erica sp., and Cistus sp., maquis dominated by Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera, and Olea europea, mountainous formations with Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, Satureja spinosa, thermophilous forests as well as sand dunes dominated by J. macrocarpa (Simaiakis et al., 2004).

38 38 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. 46. Lithobius piceus L. Koch, 1862 (Fig. 12) 1. Lithobius (Lithobius) piceus L. Koch, 1862: Simaiakis et al., 2004: 379. Kriti. This species has been regarded as a synonym of L. lapidicola (Zapparoli, 2002). However, based on the descriptions of the two species (Latzel, 1880; Meinert, 1872; Eason, 1972) a taxonomic distinction between L. lapidicola and L. pusillus could be justified. The samples from Astypalaia (Dodekanisa) are either identical with L. pusilnot in refs. Insular and mainland Greece, Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Caucasus, Crimea, Croatia, Montenegro, Hungary, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Sardinia, Slovenia (Zalesskaja, 1978). European (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It prefers subalpine and alpine phrygana with Berberis cretica, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa (Simaiakis et al., 2004). This species has been redescribed by Eason (1982). Dodekanisa. 47. Lithobius pusillus Latzel, 1880 (Fig. 12) Insular Greece, Bosnia Herzegovina, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Slovenia, (Latzel, 1880; Kos, 1992). First record for Aegean Archipelago (Dodekanisa). Balkan south European. It is recorded on mountainous and lowland phrygana, on coastal places, on mixed phrygana and maquis formations, on cultivated lands or man-made environments as well as on Pinus brutia and Quercus coccifera forests.

39 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 39 lus as originally described by Latzel (1880), or much closer to it than to L. lapidicola. In detail, the female gonopods are rather long, not stout as described by Eason (1974), whereas the articles of antennae as well as the arrangement and the number of the ocelli are closer to the description of L. pusillus from Latzel (1880) than to L. lapidicola Meinert. It is uncertain whether these differential characters justify the separation of the two species. Confirmation may be provided by re-examination of the forms from the Balkans and East Mediterranean described as L. pusillus and L. lapidicola (Stoev, personal communication). 48. Lithobius reductus (Chamberlin, 1952) (Fig. 12) Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Turkey (Chamberlin, 1956). First record for Aegean Archipelago (Dodekanisa), Greece and Europe. Northeast Mediterranean. It occurs mainly on open areas dominated by Quercus formations. This species has been described by Chamberlin (1956). 49. Lithobius viriatus Sseliwanoff, 1878 (Fig. 12) 1. L. viriatus Sseliwanoff: Zapparoli, 1990: 57, 1993: 96, 1994b: 54, 2002: 39. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 380. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, northwest Iran, Bulgaria, Jordan, Israel, Caucasus, Crimea, southeast Italy, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). Northeast Mediterranean West Asiatic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It occurs mainly in open lands with Berberis cretica, Genista acanthoclada, Sarcopoterium spinosum, and Phlomis sp., together with some Quercus coccifera and Acer

40 40 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. sempervirens. It is also common in alpine phrygana dominated by Berberis cretica, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa, as well as among riparian vegetation with Nerium oleander, Coridothymus capitatus, Calicotome villosa, and sparse Euphorbia sp. (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 50. Lithobius aeruginosus (L. Koch, 1862) (Fig. 13) 1. Lithobius aeruginosus L. Koch: Attems, 1902: 553. Verhoeff, 1925: 658. Stoev, 1997: 101. Zapparoli, 2002: 48. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Monotarsobius aeruginosus (L. Koch): Attems, 1929c: 304. Kanellis, 1959: 27. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Austria, north Italy, Bosnia Herzegovina, Germany, Switzerland, Caucasus, Crimea, Croatia, Netherlands, Ukraine, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Dodekanisa. European Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Fig. 13. Monotarsobius species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. C o r r e c t legend

41 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 41 It is widespread on sparse phryganic ecosystems with Coridothymus capitatus, Phlomis sp., Cistus sp., and Pistacia lentiscus, as well as on maquis areas dominated by Olea europea, Pistacia lentiscus, and Quercus macrolepis (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Verhoeff (1937) and Matic (1966) presented interesting taxonomic drawings. Kyklades Dodekanisa. 51. Lithobius catascaphius Verhoeff, 1901 (Fig. 13) Insular Greece, Bulgaria, Italy, Turkey. First record for Aegean archipelago (Kyklades, Dodekanisa) and Greece. Northeast Mediterranean. It is collected on thermophilous forests with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Pistacia lentiscus, Cistus sp. και Oxalis pes-carpe, on open habitats with sparse formations with Eucalyptus sp., Olea europea, and Ficus carica, as well as on dense mixed phrygana and maquis with Pistacia lentiscus, Olea europea, Juniperus phoenicea, and Quercus coccifera. L. catascaphius has been described on a female from Italy (Verhoeff, 1937). A second record has been quoted by Matic and Golemansky (1967) from Bulgaria, whereas some specimens from Turkey have been identified by Zapparoli (1999). 52. Lithobius crassipes (L. Koch, 1862) (Fig. 13) 1. Monotarsobius crassipes (L. Koch): Chamberlin, 1956: 52. Matic, 1980: 101. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: L. crassipes: Zapparoli, 1993: 96, 1994b: 58, 2002: 49. Stoev, 1997: 101. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 382. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular and mainland Greece, Algeria, Austria, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Iberia, Jordan, Ireland, Italy, Canary Is., Cau-

42 42 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. casus, central Asia, Crimea, Croatia, Madeira, Montenegro, Netherlands, Ukraine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Scandinavia, Slovenia, Syria, Turkey, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). West Palearctic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Lithobius crassipes has been collected on Kriti only from caves (Chamberlin, 1956; Matic, 1980; Zapparoli, 1994). L. catascaphius has been described by L. Koch (1862) and quoted again by Brölemann (1930). 53. Lithobius nudus (Matic, 1976) (Fig. 13) Kyklades. Insular and mainland Greece (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Aegean archipelago (Kyklades). South Balkan. Lithobius nudus has been collected on Kyklades (Sifnos Is.) only from a mountainous phryganic ecosystem dominated by Pistacia lentiscus, Coridothymus capitatus, Cistus sp., and Sarcopoterium spinosum. L. nudus has been described by Matic (1976). 54. Lithobius peloponnesiacus (Matic, 1976) (Fig. 13) Dodekanisa. Insular Greece. First record for Aegean archipelago (Dodekanisa). South Balkan.

43 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 43 Lithobius nudus has been collected on Kyklades (Sifnos Is.) only from a mountainous phryganic ecosystem dominated by Pistacia lentiscus, Coridothymus capitatus, Cistus sp., and Sarcopoterium spinosum. According to Zapparoli (2002), L. peloponnesiacus is a synonym of L. brignolii. Based on the description of the species (Matic, 1970), there are several characteristics that could support the distinction of these two species. The specimens from Leipsoi Is. (Dodekanisa) are identical to L. peloponnesiacus as originally described by Matic (1976). In particular, the articles of antennae as well as the spinulation agree with Matic s description (1976). However, a query concerning the real status of L. peloponnesiacus and L. brignolii could be justified. 55. Lithobius pamukkalensis Matic, 1980 (Fig. 14) 1. L. pamukkalensis Matic: Zapparoli, 1990: 56, 2002: 52. Simaiakis et al., 2004: L. parvicornis: Zapparoli, 1993: 96, 1994b: 47. Dodekanisa Kriti. Insular Greece, south Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). Northeast Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Lithobius pamukkalensis has been collected among riparian vegetation as well as in sparse phrygana with Phlomis lanata, Satureja thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, and Genista acanthoclada (Simaiakis et al., 2004). L. pamukkalensis has been described by Matic (1976). 56. Lithobius micropodus (Matic, 1980) (Fig. 14) 1. Monotarsobius micropodus Matic, 1980: 101. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Monotarsobius macropodus [sic!] Matic: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: L. microps AA.: Zapparoli, 1993: Lithobius (Sigibius) microps: Zapparoli, 1994b: L. microps AA. Nec Meinert, 1872 [sic!]: Stoev, 1997: Lithobius (Sigibius) micropodus (Matic, 1980): Zapparoli, 2002: 45. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 380.

44 44 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Bosnia Herzegovina, France, Italy, Croatia, Montenegro, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). South European (Simaiakis et al., 2004). The unique data of the species collected at Knossos does not permit accurate conclusions (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 57. Lithobius microps Meinert, 1876 (Fig. 14) 1. L. microps [sic!]: Zapparoli, 1993: Lithobius (Sigibius) microps Meinert, 1876: Zapparoli, 1994b: 60, 2002: 44. South Aegean. Fig. 14. Pleurolithobius species, Sigibius species, and Lithobius pamukkalensis, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago.

45 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 45 Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Balearic Is., Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Denmark, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Italy, Croatia, Norway, Netherlands, Ukraine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Serbia, Sicily, Sweden, Turkey, Finland (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to Newfoundland (Canada) and New England (USA). First record for Kyklades and Kriti. Au: corrected European. It occurs in phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus and Sarcopoterium spinosum, as well as in human-affected ecosystems. 58. Lithobius tidissimus (Chamberlin, 1952) (Fig. 14) 1. L. tidissimus (Chamberlin): Zapparoli, 1990: 56, 1999: 121, 2002: 47. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. Northeast Mediterranean. It occurs in phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Salvia fruticosa, Phlomis sp., and Pistacia lentiscus. L. tidissimus has been described by Chamberlin (1952). Pleurolithobius Verhoeff, Pleurolithobius orientis (Chamberlin, 1952) (Fig. 14) 1. Pleurolithobius orientis (Chamberlin): Zapparoli, 1989: 392, 1993: 95, 1994b: 61, 2002: 54. Zapparoli and Minelli, 1993: P. atopior Chamberlin: Zapparoli, 1990: 54. not in refs. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, west Turkey (Zapparoli, 2002).

46 46 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Northeast Mediterranean. It is common in open Mediterranean habitats, in open Quercus coccifera scrubs, and in agroecosystems (Zapparoli, 2002). The identity of the species belonging to this genus is discussed in Zapparoli (1989) and Zapparoli and Minelli (1993). 60. Pleurolithobius patriarchalis (Berlese, 1894) (Fig. 14) 1. Lithobius jonicus Silvestri: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 105. Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, west Turkey, Cyrenaica, Montenegro, south Bulgaria, south Italy, FYR Macedonia, Sicily (Zapparoli, 2002). Balkan East Mediterranean. It occurs mainly in steppic and stony open habitats (Zapparoli, 2002), in agroecosystems and in man-made environments. Scolopendromorpha Cryptopidae Newport, 1894 Cryptops Linné, Cryptops anomalans Newport, 1844 (Fig. 15) 1. Cryptops [sic!] punctatus C. Koch var. labyrinthiaca Attems, 1902: Cryptops punctatus C. Koch var. levigata Att.: Attems, 1902: Cryptops punctatus Koch: Verhoeff, 1925: C. (C.) a. labyrinthiacus Att.: Attems, 1930: Cr. punctulatus [sic!] Koch var. labyrinthiaca Attems: Attems, 1930: Cryptops anomalans labyrinthicus Attems: Chamberlin, 1956: Cryptops anomalans var. labyrinthica Att.: Kanellis, 1959: Cryptops anomalans Newp.: Kanellis, 1959: 20. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 104. Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: 38. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 65. Stoev, 1997: 102. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 386.

47 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 47 Fig. 15. Cryptops species, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Switzerland, European Turkey, Spain, Italy, Crimea, Croatia, Morocco, Montenegro, south Ukraine, Netherlands, Hungary, FYR Macedonia, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Serbia, Slovenia, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to United Kingdom (Eason, 1964) and North America (Shelley, 2002). Southwest Palearctic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It has been found in Pinus brutia forests and in subalpine valleys with very sparse vegetation of Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa, as well as in phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spinosum, Phlomis fruticosa, and Urginea maritime (Simaiakis et al., 2004). The identity of the species belonging to this genus is discussed in Brölemann (1930), Eason (1964), Matic (1972), and Matic and Stavropoulos (1993).

48 48 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. 62. Cryptops beroni Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988 (Fig. 15) 1. Cryptops beroni Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 104. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 23, 2002: 66. Stoev, 1997: 102. Stoev and Beron, 2000: 95. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 387. Kriti. Kriti. Cretan endemic South European. Cryptops beroni is only known from the type locality (Katholiko Cave); therefore, its habitat preferences are not so certain (Zapparoli, 2002). 63. Cryptops beshkovi Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988 (Fig. 15) 1. Cryptops beshkovi Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 36, 1993: 104. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 2002: 67. Stoev and Beron, 2000: 95. B/R: Aegean. Dodekanisa (3) (5): Rodos (1) (2) (4). Dodekanisa. Rodos (Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993; Zapparoli, 2002). Rodos endemic South European. No habitat data available (Zapparoli, 2002). 64. Cryptops hortensis Leach, 1815 (Fig. 15) 1. Cryptops hortensis Leach: Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 37, 1993: 104. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 23, 2002: 69. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 387. South Aegean.

49 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 49 Insular and mainland Greece, Azerbaijan, Azores, Albania, Armenia, Austria, north Turkey, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Germany, Georgia, Denmark, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Iberia, Ireland, Italy, Canary Is., Corsica, Croatia, Madeira, Morocco, Montenegro, Norway, Netherlands, Hungary, Uzbekistan, Ukraine, FYR Macedonia, Poland, former Czechoslovakia, Romania, Russia, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Tadzikistan, Turkmenistan (Zapparoli, 2002). Introduced to North America (Eason, 1964; Shelley, 2002). Synanthropic in Scandinavia (Eason, 1964). First record for Kyklades. Central west Palearctic (Simaiakis et al., 2004). This species has been recorded only from three places on Crete without any specific habitat notes (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 65. Cryptops kosswigi Chamberlin, 1952 (Fig. 15) 1. C. kosswigi: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 24, 2002: 70. Stoev, 1997: 102. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 388. South Aegean. Insular Greece, southwest Turkey, Palestine (Zapparoli, 2002). East Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It was found in agroecosystems (olive groves), in typical mediterranean phrygana, and in forests of Pinus brutia, with very little undergrowth, mainly of Quercus coccifera (Simaiakis et al., 2004). 66. Cryptops trisulcatus Brölemann, 1902 (Fig. 15) 1. C. trisulcatus: Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 24, 2002: 73. Simaiakis et al., 2004: 388. South Aegean.

50 50 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Insular Greece, Algeria, Balearic Is., Spain, Italy, Canary Is., Corsica, south France, southeast Turkey, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Kyklades. Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). It was collected in coastal, lowland, and mountainous phrygana, in Platanus orientalis localities, in Pinus brutia, Quercus coccifera, and Cupressus sempervirens forests as well as in cultivated lands. Scolopendridae Newport, 1894 Scolopendra Linné, Scolopendra canidens Newport, 1844 (Fig. 16) 1. Scolopendra canidens Newport: Würmli, 1980: 346. Lewis, 1985: 128. Zapparoli, 2002: 57. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular Greece, Azerbaijan, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Armenia, Iran, Italy (Lampedousa Is.), Morocco, southeast Turkey, Uzbekistan, Palestine, Syria, Tadzikistan, Turkmenistan, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). First record for Dodekanisa. East Mediterranean west Asiatic. It occurs in cultivations, in coastal or mountainous phrygana, in mixed phrygana and maquis, in Pinus brutia forests, as well as in sand dunes with J. macrocarpa. The identity of the canidens group (S. canidens, S. cretica, S. clavipes) is discussed in Würmli (1980). 68. Scolopendra cingulata Latreille, 1829 (Fig. 16) 1. Scolopendra cingulata Latr.: Attems, 1902: 562. Kraepelin, 1904: 322. Kanellis, 1959: 18. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 104. Stavropoulos and Matic, 1990: 38. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 25, 2002: 58.

51 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 51 Fig. 16. Scolopendra species and Scutigera coleoptrata, distribution on the south Aegean archipelago. Kyklades Dodekanisa. Insular and mainland Greece, Egypt (Sinai), Albania, Algeria, northwest Iran, Bosnia Herzegovina, Bulgaria, France, Jordan, Spain, Israel, Italy, Caucasus, Crimea, Croatia, Cyprus, Lebanon, Morocco, Montenegro, Hungary, Ukraine, Palestine, FYR Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Sicily, Slovenia, Syria, Tadzikistan, Turkey, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). Mediterranean west Asiatic. Scolopendra cingulata is a thermophilous species. It is very common on the Aegean islands, but it is absent from Kriti. It occurs in anthropized habitats, in agroecosystems, in phryganic areas with Coridothymus capitatus, Phlomis lanata, Satureja thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, Genista acanthoclada, Erica sp., and Cistus sp., in maquis dominated by Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera, and Olea europea, as well as on sand dunes with J. phoenicea. It is also present in mesothermophilous broadleaved or Abies cephalonica woods.

52 52 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. 69. Scolopendra clavipes C.L. Koch, 1847 (Fig. 16) 1. Scolopendra clavipes Koch: Verhoeff, 1941: 95. Würmli, 1980: 343. Lewis, 1985: 128. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 26, 2002: 61. Dodekanisa. Insular Greece (Dodekanisa), Lebanon, southwest Turkey (Würmli, 1980; Zapparoli, 2002). East Mediterranean. Scolopendra clavipes is recorded from several coastal habitats (Zapparoli, 1994, 2002) as well as lowland phryganic ecosystems. 70. Scolopendra cretica Attems, 1911 (Fig. 16) 1. Scolopendra cretica Lucas, 1853: 529. Raulin, 1856: unknown. Würmli, 1980: 350. Lewis, 1985: 128. Zapparoli, 1993: 95, 1994b: 26, 2002: 62. Stoev, 1997: 102. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Scolopendra dalmatica C.L. Koch: Karsch, 1888: 222. Cecconi, 1895: 193. Kanellis, 1959: 19. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: Scolopendra oraniensis lusitanica var. cretica Attems, 1902: Scolopendra canidens Newport: Kraepelin, 1904: 318. Dobroruka, 1977: Scolopendra oraniensis lusitanica Verh.: Verhoeff, 1925: S. canidens cretica Att.: Attems, 1930: 37. Chamberlin, 1956: 51. Kanellis, 1959: 19. Dobroruka, 1977: 164. Matic, 1980: 99. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1988: 34, 1993: 104. Kriti. Kriti (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Cretan endemic East Mediterranean. Scolopendra cretica is the commonest scolopendromorph species on Kriti. It has been caught up to the timberline (1650 m). It is widespread in environments modified

53 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 53 by man, in agroecosystems, in typical phrygana with Coridothymus capitatus, Phlomis lanata, Satureja thymbra, Salvia fruticosa, Genista acanthoclada, Erica sp., and Cistus sp., in mixed phrygana and maquis ecosystems or maquis dominated by Pistacia lentiscus, Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera, Olea europea, and ferns, in plateau consisting of prostrate shrubs, mainly Juniperus oxycedrus, Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, and Satureja spinosa, in subalpine localities with Berberis cretica, Prunus prostrata, Astragalus angustifolius, and Satureja spinosa, in Pinus brutia, Cupressus sempervirens, and Q. coccifera forests, as well as on sand dunes dominated by J. macrocarpa (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Scutigeromorpha Scutigeridae Gervais, 1837 Scutigera Lamarck, Scutigera coleoptrata (Linné, 1758) (Fig. 16) 1. Cermatia (scolopendra [sic!] ) coleoptrata Lin.: Lucas, 1853: [Cermatia coleoptrata] [Linné]: Raulin, 1856: unknown. 3. Scutigera coleoptrata (L.): Karsch, 1888: 220. Chamberlin, 1956: 53. Kanellis, 1959: 32. Zapparoli, 1990: 57, 1993: 96, 1994b: 61, 2002: 8. Matic and Stavropoulos, 1993: 106. Stoev, 1997: 102. Simaiakis et al., 2004: Scutigera coleoptrata var. crinita L.: Attems, 1902: 541. Kanellis, 1959: Sc. coleoptrata insularum Verhoeff, 1905: 78, Scutigera rubrovittata Verhoeff, 1905: 77, Scutigera coleoptrata Latz. [sic!]: Verhoeff, 1925: Scutigera asiaeminoris Verhoeff: Dobroruka, 1977: 163. Stoev, 1997: 102. South Aegean. Insular and mainland Greece, Egypt, Albania, Algeria, Austria, Balearic Is., Bulgaria, France, Near and Middle East, Switzerland, Spain, Italy, Caucasus, Corsica, Crimea, Croatia, Λιβ η, Morocco, Montenegro, south Germany, south Hungary, south former Czechoslovakia, Ukraine, FYR Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Sardinia, Sicily, Slovenia, Tunisia (Zapparoli, 2002). South European Mediterranean (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Scutigera coleoptrata is very common in the south Aegean area. It is quite euryoecious in habitats modified by man with Coridothymus capitatus, Sarcopoterium spino-

54 54 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. sum, Pistacia lentiscus, Juniperus macrocarpa, J. phoenicea, Pinus brutia, and Nerium oleander (Simaiakis et al., 2004). Au: Added. okay DISCUSSION As can be seen from the review of the relevant literature, the number of new species for the area collected during recent sampling is relatively large (see Table 1). Seventy-one species and subspecies are now registered, belonging to 10 families and 25 genera. Dignathodon pachypus and Lithobius reductus are recorded for the first time from Greece, while the latter, for the first time from Europe. Eight species (D. pachypus, Harpolithobius anodus, Henia vesuviana, Lithobius catascaphius, L. nudus, L. peloponnesiacus, L. pusillus, and L. reductus) are reported for the first time from the south Aegean region. In contrast to the south Aegean centipede fauna (71 taxa), the record of centipedes from the northern archipelago is still limited. Indeed, 25 taxa are known from the north Aegean archipelago, 5 of which are not distributed in the southern islands, while the rest are widely distributed. It is apparent that the north Aegean region is a field for future intensive taxonomic and faunistic research. Previous data showed 42 species from Kriti (Simaiakis et al., 2004), 19 from Kyklades, and 37 from Dodekanisa (Zapparoli, 2002), but our new investigations have impressively changed the picture. Lithobius microps was added to the Cretan fauna, while 19 additional species have been added for the Kyklades and as many for the Dodekanisa. Consequently, the number of species known from each area shows that the richest fauna is that of the Dodekanisa (56 taxa), followed by Kriti (43 taxa) and Kyklades (38 taxa). The fact that the centipede fauna of Kyklades seems less diverse than that of Dodekanisa and Kriti should be attributed to the less intensive research on the islands of the former region. Two families (Scutigeridae and Linotaeniidae) are represented by a single species for each, Scutigera coleoptrata and Strigamia acuminata, respectively, whilst 15 of the 25 genera are represented in the area by one species only (Table 2). The genus Lithobius is by far the most numerous, being represented by 21 species on the south Aegean islands (30% of the chilopod species in the area). Chorotypes and distribution of the centipede species on the south Aegean archipelago are summarized in Table 3. According to the available data, 34% of the centipede fauna (24 taxa) is common to the three main geographical areas of the south Aegean archipelago (Kriti, Kyklades, Dodekanisa), 23% (16 taxa) were exclusively reported from Dodekanisa, 15% (11 taxa) solely from Kriti and its satellite islets, and 3% (2 taxa) only from Kyklades. It is also apparent that Kyklades and Dodekanisa have most of the common species of the Aegean islands (14% 10 taxa), accompanied by the centipedes common to Dodekanisa and Kriti (8% 6 taxa) and the common fauna of Kyklades and Kriti (3% 2 taxa) (Fig. 17). In order to facilitate the discussion on the chorotype analysis, we have condensed the detailed faunistic records utilizing broader geographical affinities. Divided into nine chorotypes, the 71 species and subspecies examined from the south Aegean archipelago have mainly Mediterranean (42%) (27 species and 2 subspecies) and European (25%)

55 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 55 (18 species) affinities (s.l.). Another 8% belongs to the Balkan (6 species) element, 6% are west Palearctic (4 species), while 6% have Turano Anatolian affinities (4 species), 3% Turano Mediterranean (2 species), 1% Turano European (1 species), and 1% Neotropical (1 species) (Fig. 18). Endemic centipedes (8%) (Fig. 18) have been registered in 2 islands, Kriti (4 species and 1 subspecies) and Rodos (1 species) (Table 3). Examining the chorotypes of the three main geographical regions (Kriti, Kyklades, Dodekanisa) separately and analyzing the distributional pattern of each species, we end up with the following conclusions. Of the 43 taxa examined from Kriti, the Mediterranean and the European element are almost equally represented (34% and 30%, respectively) (Table 4), unlike Kyklades and Dodekanisa, where the Mediterranean element predominates (49% and 50%, respectively) (Table 4). On the other hand, the percentage of the centipedes having European affinities on Kyklades and Dodekanisa (16% and 21%, respectively) is significantly lower than the percentage among Cretan species (30%) (Table 4). It is also remarkable that the endemic element is absent from Kyklades, Table 2 Qualitative view of the south Aegean centipedes (orders, families, genera, and taxa) Order Family Genus Taxa 1. Geophilomorpha 1. Dignathodontidae 1. Dignathodon 2 2. Henia 5 2. Himantariidae 3. Bothriogaster 3 4. Himantarium 1 5. Stigmatogaster 1 3. Geophilidae 6. Clinopodes 1 7. Geophilus 8 8. Insigniporus 1 9. Pachymerium Pleurogeophilus Tuoba 1 4. Linotaeniidae 12. Strigamia 1 5. Schendylidae 13. Haploschendyla Hydroschendyla Nannophilus Schendyla 1 2. Lithobiomorpha 6. Henicopidae 17. Rhodobius 1 7. Lithobiidae 18. Eupolybothrus 1 19.Harpolithobius Hessebius Lithobius Pleurolithobius 2 3. Scolopendromorpha 8. Cryptopidae 23. Cryptops 6 9. Scolopendridae 24. Scolopendra 4 4. Scutigeromorpha 10. Scutigeridae 25. Scutigera 1

56 56 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Table 3 Chorotype and distribution of the centipedes on the south Aegean archipelago. BAL: Balkan, BAL CNM: Balkan central north Mediterranean, BAL EME: Balkan east Mediterranean, BAL EME WA: Balkan east Mediterranean west Asiatic, BAL MED: Balkan Mediterranean, BAL SEU: Balkan south European, BAL CEU: Balkan central European, CEU MED: central European Mediterranean, CSE WA: central south European west Asiatic, CWP: central west Palearctic, EME: east Mediterranean, EME WA: east Mediterranean west Asiatic, EN EME: endemic with east Mediterranean affinities, EN SEU: endemic with south European affinities, EUR: European, EUR MED: European Mediterranean, EUR NEM: European northeast Mediterranean, EUR NME: European north Mediterranean, EUR NWM: European northwest Mediterranean, EUR WA: European west Asiatic, MED: Mediterranean, MED SWA: Mediterranean southwest Asiatic, MED WA: Mediterranean west Asiatic, NEA: neotropical, NEM: northeast Mediterranean, NEM WA: northeast Mediterranean west Asiatic, NEU NME: north European north Mediterranean, NME: north Mediterranean, SBA: south Balkan, SEU MED: south European Mediterranean, SEU NEM: south European northeast Mediterranean, SWP: southwest Palearctic, WPA: west Palearctic, KR: Kretan, DO: Dodekanisian, DO KR: Dodekanisian Kretan, KY: Kykladic, KY KR: Kykladic Kretan, KY DO: Kykladic Dodekanisian, SAEG: south Aegean Taxa Chorotype Distribution in the Aegean Bothriogaster signata signata BAL EME WA KY DO Bothriogaster s. graeca NEM SAEG Bothriogaster s. thesei EN EME KR Clinopodes flavidus CSE WA SAEG Cryptops anomalans SWP SAEG Cryptops beroni EN SEU KR Cryptops beshkovi EN SEU DO Cryptops hortensis CWP SAEG Cryptops kosswigi EME SAEG Cryptops trisulcatus MED SAEG Dignathodon microcephalus BAL MED SAEG Dignathodon pachypus EME DO Eupolybothrus litoralis BAL EME SAEG Geophilus carpophagus EUR MED DO KR Geophilus conjungens NEM KY DO Geophilus flavus EUR DO Geophilus fucorum NME DO Geophilus insculptus EUR NWM KR Geophilus linearis EUR NME SAEG Geophilus naxius NEM SAEG Geophilus pygmaeus BAL CEU KR Haploschendyla europaea SBA SAEG Harpolithobius anodus SEU NEM DO Henia athenarum NEM SAEG Henia bicarinata CEU MED DO KR Henia devia BAL KY KR Henia pulchella BAL CNM SAEG

57 Vol. 51, 2005 CENTIPEDES OF THE SOUTH AEGEAN ARCHIPELAGO 57 Taxa Chorotype Distribution in the Aegean Henia vesuviana EUR NME DO Hessebius barbipes EME WA DO Himantarium gabrielis BAL MED KY DO Hydroschendyla submarina NEU NME DO Insigniporus sturanyi BAL KR Lithobius aeruginosus EUR NEM DO KR Lithobius agilis EUR KR Lithobius carinatus EME KY DO Lithobius catascaphius NEM KY DO Lithobius crassipes WPA DO KR Lithobius cretaicus EN SEU KR Lithobius creticus EN SEU KR Lithobius erythrocephalus EUR WA SAEG Lithobius intermissus NEM KY DO Lithobius lucifugus EUR WA KY KR Lithobius micropodus SEU NEM SAEG Lithobius microps EUR SAEG Lithobius nigripalpis NEM SAEG Lithobius nudus SBA KY Lithobius pamukkalensis NEM DO KR Lithobius peloponnesiacus SBA DO Lithobius piceus EUR KR Lithobius pusillus BAL SEU DO Lithobius reductus NEM DO Lithobius tidissimus NEM KY DO Lithobius viriatus NEM WA SAEG Nannophilus ariadnae SBA SAEG Nannophilus eximius MED DO KR Pachymerium f. ferrugineum CWP SAEG Pachymerium f. insularum NEM SAEG Pachymerium syriacum EME KY DO Pleurogeophilus mediterraneus SEU MED DO Pleurolithobius orientis NEM DO Pleurolithobius patriarchalis BAL EME DO Rhodobius lagoi NEA DO Schendyla nemorensis EUR MED SAEG Scolopendra canidens EME WA KY DO Scolopendra cingulata MED WA KY DO Scolopendra clavipes EME DO Scolopendra cretica EN EME KR Scutigera coleoptrata SEU MED SAEG Stigmatogaster gracilis MED KY Strigamia acuminata EUR NEM KR Tuoba poseidonis MED SWA SAEG

58 58 SIMIAIAKIS ET AL. Isr. J. Zool. Fig. 17. Distributional patterns on the south Aegean Archipelago. KR: Kretan, DO: Dodekanisian, DOKR: Dodekanisian Kretan, KY: Kykladic, KYKR: Kykladic Kretan, KYDO: Kykladic Dodekanisian, SAEG: south Aegean. Fig. 18. Chorotypes of the south Aegean centipede taxa. BAL: Balkan, EN: endemic, EUR: European, MED: Mediterranean, NEA: Neotropical, WPA: west Palearctic, TUA: Turano Anatolian, TUE: Turano European, TUM: Turano Mediterranean. Table 4 The faunistic element of centipedes in the three main geographical regions (%). BAL: Balkan, EN: endemic, EUR: European, MED: Mediterranean, NEA: Neotropical, TUA: Turano Anatolian, TUE: Turano European, TUM: Turano Mediterranean, WPA: west Palearctic MED EUR TUM TUE TUA WPA NEA BAL EN KYKLADES DODEKANISA KRITI