THE LAND OF FERTILITY South-east Mediterranean since the Bronze Age to the Muslim Conquest

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2 Friday, June 6 th 13:00 Reception 14:00 An Opening of the Conference and Opening Lecture I by prof. Krzysztof Ciałowicz 14:30 17:30 Session I At the dawn of the civilisation 14:30 14:50 Jakub Skłucki, BA (Jagiellonian University): Canaanean blade technology as example of production in the Levant segments in Bronze Age 14:50 15:10 Daria Białobrzecka, BA (Jagiellonian University): The beginning and development of metallurgy in ancient Egypt and Near East 15:10 15:40 Julia Chyla, MA (Jagiellonian University): Threats of archaeological heritage in Upper Egypt 15:40 16:00 Discussion 16:00 16:10 Coffee break 16:10 16:30 Karolina Rosińska-Balik, MA (Jagiellonian University): Egypt before mudbricks. 16:30 16:50 Magdalena Kazimierczak, MA (Jagiellonian University): The pottery from Tell el-murra graves (seasons ) 16:50 17:10 Bartosz Adamski, MA (Jagiellonian University): Transition between Naqada I and Naqada II Periods as the time when The Land of Beer and Bread began 17:10 17:30 Katarzyna Kapiec, MA (University of Warsaw): Did Horus Behdetite come from Delta? The relationship between god and Lower Egypt 17:30 17:50 - Discussion 20:00 Integration Party Saturday, June 7 th 9:00 Reception 10:00 Opening Lecture II by prof. Ewdoksia Papuci-Władyka 10:30 14:30 Session II In the Power of Great Empires 10:30 10:50 Filip Taterka, MA (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań): The Role of the Pharaoh as the Feeder of His People 10:50 11:10 Natalia Małecka, MA (Jagiellonian University): Between civilisations - occupation on the Egyptian Eastern Desert during the Old and Middle Kingdoms 11:10 11:30 Wojciech Ejsmond, MA (University of Warsaw): Survey of Gebelein Preliminary Results 11:30 11:50 Discussion 11:50 12:00 Coffee break 12:00 12:20 Alicja Jurkiewicz, BA (Jagiellonian University): Second Syrian War in the light of numismatic evidences

3 12:20 12:40 Barbara Zając, BA (Jagiellonian University): Nabataean coinage from Petra main aspects and problems 12:40 13:00 Szymon Jellonek, MA (Jagiellonian University): Provincial Coinage in Cyprus under the Augustus 13:00 13:20 Discussion 13:20 13:30 Coffee break 13:30 13:50 Łukasz Bartkowiak, MA (Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań): City Gates as the places of social interactions in Mesopotamia. 13:50 14:10 Wawrzyniec Miścicki, MA (Jagiellonian University): Greeks Mercenaries and Pirates in the Lands of the Fertile Crescent in 8th and 7th c. BC. A of Interregional Contacts. 14:10 14:30 Discussion 14:30 16:00 Diner break 16:00 19:30 Session III Under the Wings of an Eagle 16:00 16:20 Victoria Rotar, MA (University of Wales Trinity Saint David): A Historian s Perspective on Egyptian Thebes in Book I of Diodorus Siculus' 'Bibliotheka Historica' 16:20 16:40 Maciej Wyżgoł, BA & Aleksandra Pawlikowska BA (University of Warsaw): The Decorative Mosaics from Domestic Quarter in Jiyeh (Porphyreon). 16:40 17:00 Aleksandra Pawlikowska, BA (University of Warsaw): Via Maris - Traveling along the Levantine Coastline 17:00 17:20 Katarzyna Żółty, MA (Jagiellonian University): Lebanon - Fading Land of Fertility 17:20 17:30 Discussion 17:30 17:50 Coffee break 17:50 18:10 Marcin Gamrat, MA (Jagiellonian University): Farr and its role in the royal propaganda in the Sasanian Iran. Representations and visual symbolism. 18:10 18:30 Małgorzata Kajzer, MA (Jagiellonian University): Changes in the East Mediterranean trade patterns during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods due to oil lamps findings from Cyprus. 18:50 19:10 Łukasz Miszk, MA (Jagiellonian University): Loomweights from the East Mediterranean. Looking for meaning of iconography. 19:10 19:30 Maciej Wacławik MA (Jagiellonian University): Looking for a lost weight 19:30 19:50 Discussion 19:50 Closing of the Conference

4 Book of s Jakub Skłucki Degree BA address jakubsklucki@wp.pl Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University MA in Archaeology Year 2 Lithic studies Canaanean blade technology as example of production in the Levant segments in Bronze Age In the Bronze Age in the Levant were several technology of productions segments. One of them was a Canaanean blade technology. The first more formal definition presented Neuville. The main features of these blades, according to Neuville, were trapezoidal cross-section of the blades and two parallel ridges running down the centre of the blades. These ridges are the result of the prior removal of other blades from the core. Chronology of these artefacts depends on the region, for example in Israel dates back earlier than the Bronze Age. Canaanean blade technology is quite common in the entire the Levant, however, the pattern of distribution these artefacts, may provide some interesting conclusions about the cultures of the Bronze Age. An important issue is also negligible amount of cores, which produced the blades. The uniqueness of this technology lies in the production of large segments, which due to their size, could be used as a segments to tribulum, not only as a sickle segments as usual.

5 THE LAND OF FERTILITY Book of s Daria Białobrzecka Degree BA address dbialobrzecka@gmail.com Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University MA in Archaeology Year 1 Archaeology The beginning and development of metallurgy in ancient Egypt and Near East The matter of metal production's genesis in the area of ancient Egypt and Near East is still an essential issue in academic debate. Currently, it is hard to point out it's prime centre and influence on the other manufacture places. There is no doubt, the metallurgy plays a major role in social development and it is tightly related with it. Irrefutably, the ancient inhabitants of discussed region widely contributed to advance metal extraction method and its processing. The earliest signs of metal processing are confirmed in area of Anatolia and Iran from even 6,500 BC. Such material was found in well known archaeological excavation sites like Çatal Höyük, Çayönü Tepesi, Tepe Sialk or Tal-i Iblis. In Egypt, the beginning of the metallurgy can be dated to 4th millennium BC and it is believed that occurrence of it's growth was influenced by Mesopotamian tradition through trade contacts between regions in that time. Certainly, the ancient inhabitants of Egypt and Near East achieved mastery in metal processing. As an argument for that stands for example a high of precious jewellery objects. Many of them are masterpieces of art, produced by highly-qualified craftsmen and were usually used to express prestige by representatives of local elites. Undoubtedly, many of ancient metal production and tooling techniques constitute a basis of modern metallurgy. No wonder the beginning of metallurgy and its development in Ancient Egypt and Near East is constantly a significant topic to be considered and developed by researchers.

6 THE LAND OF FERTILITY Book of s Julia Chyla Degree MA address julia.chyla@gmail.com Phone UniGIS UJ Archaeology, GIS Year 2 Threats of archaeological heritage in Upper Egypt In recent years accelerating expansion of agriculture in Upper Egypt became a threat to archaeological sites situated between desert and cultivated areas. Such situation creates an urgent need to conduct an analysis of the danger archaeological area. For a case study of the problem I have chosen Luxor district, a region significant for history of ancient Egypt. To trace the expansion of agriculture and the development of the modern settlements a synthesis of archival maps from last 200 years, archival and contemporary satellite images was carried out. Additionally, archaeological data were gathered from field prospection in 2013 and 2014, stored in Geographic Information System. The analysis helps to trace the expansion of the agriculture areas during last 200 years and influence of both - ancient Egyptians and the Nile - on the local landscape. It is also possible to find archaeological sites, now invisible on the surface, which were marked on the old maps or are visible in infra red satellite images. Project of field survey based on aforementioned analysis was also focused on gathering different type of data about the region of Luxor from different kind of sources and will be shown on the examples of the pre-dynastic sites: Chozam, Abadiya and Gebelein.

7 Book of s Karolina Rosińska-Balik Degree MA address k.rosinska.balik@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 3 Archaeology of Egypt and Near East Egypt before mudbricks. An old saying states: Rome wasn t built in a day. This is also true for whole Egypt as well. During thousands years of Egyptian architecture the most magnificent and impressive structures were made of stones. They mostly outlived and are giving an impression of great monumental architecture of the State in the Nile Valley. However these structures are not the only building types of those times. Early architecture of Egypt based on simpler constructions of easy available and effortless in production materials organic materials and mudbricks. Mudbrick structures are quite well recognized. We can reconstruct production process of bricks and some constructing issues concerning this material. Let s take a closer look for earlier building techniques. Although bricks made of mud have relatively long history, people had some architectural ideas before its development. In my paper I would like to trace the earliest habitational structures and made an attempt to establish the time of its transition into mud brick architecture.

8 Book of s Magdalena Kazimierczak Degree MA address magdakazimierczak@poczta.onet.pl Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 3 Archaeology of Egypt and Near East The pottery from Tell el-murra graves (seasons ) The site of Tell el-murra is situated in the north-eastern part of the Nile Delta, several kilometres to the east of Tell el-farkha, a well-known archaeological site of the 4th/3rd millennium BC. Tell el-murra has been explored since 2008, when the survey was conducted there by the Polish Archaeological Expedition of the Institute of Archaeology, Jagiellonian University in Cracow. In 2010 the first test trenches were explored, and since then excavations have been carried out annually. These revealed settlement layers which contained Predynastic (Lower Egyptian Culture), Early Dynastic and Old Kingdom (until the 6th Dynasty) pottery. During five consecutive excavation seasons of , works were conducted among others in trench S3, located in the south-western part of the tell, where the cemetery was found. Fieldworks in revealed several graves in this area. Most of them contain ceramic vessels, which were assembled to the graves with other offerings. The main purpose of this poster is presentation ceramic vessels from the tombs discovered in Tell el-murra. I am going to focus on vessels, which had been preserved complete or in a state allowing reconstruction of the form. The pottery show affinities to the form of vessels from cemeteries at Minshat Abu Omar and Tell el-farkha but the pottery assemblage is also comparable to forms found at other sites: Helwan, Buto, Kafr Hassan Dawood. These similarities allow us to date graves from Tell el-murra to the Early Dynastic Period.

9 Book of s Bartosz Adamski Degree MA address bart.adam@poczta.onet.pl Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 2 Archaeology of Egypt and Near East Transition between Naqada I and Naqada II Periods as the time when The Land of Beer and Bread began Ancient Egyptian Civilisation owed its greatness to the fertile land, flooded every year by the beneficial waters of the Nile. Emmer wheat was the main cereal cultivated in Egypt as it was in the whole Fertile Crescent Area. Transition between Naqada I and Naqada II Periods seems to have posed one of the crucial economic and therefore cultural change in Egyptian prehistory. It was the time when the large-scale-production of advanced comestibles made of emmer as beer and bread began. Since that moment Egypt can be called The Land of Beer and Bread, because until the end of Egyptian statehood these two products played the main role in its food economy. From that point of view, the so called First Industrialization, so the beginning of general large-scale-production (beer and bread production included), seems to have posed one of the most important factors, which unified Egypt and enabled its rulers to transform it to the great empire in the later periods. The new model of food economy was probably invented in Upper Egypt and was so beneficial for the inhabitants of the region and tempting to its neighbours that it spread northward very fast. The unification of Egypt was the work of migration of the ideas long before the introduction of the first large spatial state.

10 Book of s Katarzyna Kapiec Degree MA address k.kapiec@poczta.onet.pl Phone Antiquity of Southeastern Europe Research Centre, University of Warsaw PhD studies Year 2 Archaeology Did Horus Behdetite come from Delta? The relationship between god and Lower Egypt Horus Behdetite is one of the forms of Horus, belonging to the most important gods of Egyptian pantheon, related mainly to the kingship ideology. In the Egyptological literature this god is usually associated with Upper Egypt, specifically Edfu, where the best-known temple dedicated to the worship of this god was erected. However, since the Old Kingdom the sources mentioned relationships between Horus Behdetite and Delta region. The most intensive discussion about origins of Horus Behdetite took place in the first half of the 20th century, but since then some new sources has been revealed and older ones need to be verified in order to nowadays standards. Epithet of the god indicates that he comes from place called Behdet. The southern Behdet is known as Edfu, but according to the Behdetite s relationships with Delta, the northern Behdet could exist as well. Several localizations were considered as an origin place of Horus Behdetite (e.g. Damanhur City of Horus, Letopolis), but the most probable seems to be Tell el- Balamun in north-eastern Delta (ancient name Sambehdet). The aim of this paper is to present sources speaking on the relationship between Horus Behdetite and Delta region, their comment and attempt to determine their impact on the understanding the origins of this god.

11 Book of s Filip Taterka Degree MA address aragorn2@interia.pl Phone Faculty of History, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań PhD studies Year 1 Archaeology The Role of the Pharaoh as the Feeder of His People Ancient Egyptian sources present the pharaoh as a living god and an earthly incarnation of Horus. He is also praised as a great and undefeated warrior and temple builder. One of the most commonly neglected aspects of pharaonic kingship is, however, the role of the king as the feeder of Egypt who is responsible for providing the nourishment for his subjects. The alimentation provided by the king not only served his subjects in everyday life but also, by having been offered to the gods in daily ritual, assured Egypt the well-being as the favour of the gods. This particular aspect of ancient Egyptian kingship is reflected not only in texts praising the various qualities of the ruler, but also in the architectural, iconographic and sculptural of the temples erected by the king in various parts of Egypt. Allusions to royal responsibility as the feeder are also included to many royal titularies. Moreover, the king must have taken an active part in various religious feasts destined to regenerate the whole nature and, therefore, bring wealth and prosperity to Egypt. The aim of the paper is to present the ruler of Egypt in his function of the feeder of his people. By analysing various textual, iconographical and architectural sources (coming mostly but not exclusively from the Fayyum region) from various periods of Egyptian history the author will try to examine one of the most significant but often ignored aspects of ancient Egyptian ideology of kingship.

12 Book of s Natalia Małecka-Drozd Degree MA address nbmalecka@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 2 Archaeology of Egypt and Near East Between civilisations - occupation on the Egyptian Eastern Desert during the Old and Middle Kingdoms The Eastern Desert of pharaonic times included the eastern reaches of the Nile Delta, the Wadi Tumilat, the western parts of Sinai and the proper area of desert spreaded between the Nile Valley and the Red Sea coast. The most ancient traces of permanent human presence on said area originate as early as from the Paleolithic period and are certified by numerous rock drawnings and camps remains. After about 3500 BC, accelerated drying of desert, related to climatic changes, become the cause of depopulation of the region and evolution in the nature of its occupation. From the beginning area of the Eastern Desert and the Sinai Peninsula were not only a significant transit route between the Nile Valley and located on the east Levantine and Mesopotamian centers, but also the most important supply source of special rocks and ores. Constant flow of people and ideas, as well as demand of specified goods reflected in institutional control of the Egyptian court as early as in the Early Dynastic period. During the Old and Middle Kingdoms on the areas of Eastern Desert a of mines, quarries, military posts and harbours have been already known. Simultaneously, source material confirms the presence of abundant nomadic troops and their frequent contacts with subjects of the paharaoh. Available data allow us to determine the comprehensive nature of the occupation in the mentioned area.

13 Book of s Wojciech Ejsmond Degree MA address wojtek.ejsmond@wp.pl Phone Archaeology, Warsaw University PhD studies Year 2 archaeology of Egypt Survey of Gebelein Preliminary Results Gebelein is an area where nearly all kinds of archaeological sites dated to all periods of Egyptian history are represented. Despite an early date of initial research (1891), the site complex is still poorly known. In 2014 an archaeological and epigraphic survey was initiated, resulting in preliminary documentation of antiquities dated to the Predynastic and Pharaonic times. Research proved that the area is under threat and needs urgent documentation, as well as rescue excavations. The most threaten is the Central Necropolis, where the saff-tombs have been partly damaged by buldozers. Due to the threats this necropolis became a focal point of the survey. This year season resulted in many surprises, like discovery of coptic chapel cut into the rock. Use of the Reflectance Transformation Imaging gave good results in detecting graffiti which have not been seen during the fieldwork due to their poor state of preservation and bad lightning conditions. Very interesting is also unpublished speos dedicated to goddess Hathor, 'Lady of Gebelein', with preserved relief decorations on its walls. Further studies on previous excavations and recently gained data help in understanding of insufficiently published researches from the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century.

14 Book of s Alicja Jurkiewicz Degree BA address alicja.beata.jurkiewicz@gmail.com Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University MA in Archaeology Year 1 Ancient Numismatics Second Syrian War in the light of numismatic evidences It is generally known that coins in ancient times were used not only as money, but also as a sign of royal propaganda. And so they were used by the Seleucids during the Second Syrian War ( BC). There are several commemorative issues of Seleucus II, linked by scientists with his conflict with Ptolemy II. The first coin issue related with Second Syrian War are gold staters with a depiction of Athene holding a palm branch. They were emmited in several mints in Asia Minor, eg. Myrina or Cyme. The second type are gold staters with similar picture, showing Nike instead of Athene, minted in Tarsus, Miletus and Sardis. Apart from special iconographic types, there are also some commemorative issues with typical Seleucid motive of Apollo sitting on the Omphalos, struck in gold (like the one from Antioch on the Orontes). They are linked with the end of Second Syrian War and the union between the Seleucid and the Ptolemies, guaranted by the marriage of Antiochus II and ptolemaic princess Berenice. Examining extraordinary issues and comparing them with typical Seleucid types shows that coin production was very tightly connected with politics. In the case of Second Syrian War it could be seen, that important occasions were commemorated by emmiting a special coin issue. Confronting the numismatic research with written sources can help in revealing the history of the conflict between two great kingdoms of Egypt and Middle East.

15 THE LAND OF FERTILITY Book of s Barbara Zając Degree BA address barbara.zajac@uj.edu.pl Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University MA in Archaeology Year 2 Ancient Numismatics Nabataean coinage from Petra main aspects and problems Minting activity of the Nabataean kings of Petra is dated on the first century BC/AD. The first coins were struck probably by Aretas III when he held Damascus between BC. Many types were presenting figures of Nike, sometimes with crescent bears inscriptions in Greek. Anonymous emissions with winged, wearing a helmet on her head Nike were because of their origin most problematic. Meshorer dated this coins for period between BC. Iconography in Nabataean coinage is limited to few basic designs, like royal portraits, standing figure, cornucopiae, hand or eagle. Interesting thing is absence of animals (except eagle), plants or architecture expositions, very popular motives present in coinage of other ancient states. Nabataean kings struck only silver and bronze emissions, which can be connected with a privilege of minting gold coins by Roman Emperor. Also monetary system was syncretistic. During the reign of Aretas III Phoenician standards and coins imitating the Tyrain shekel were used for the first time. In the next period combined standards were present (Greek tetradrachm and obol for silver coins). Bronze emissions were based on Roman as and quadrans. Nabataean kings of Petra were struck coins between 84 BC and AD 101/106. Minting activity was included silver and bronze emissions, without gold. Iconography was focus on six main types. Monetary system was syncretistic, based on Roman and Greek standards. The main purpose of paper is to present basic aspects of Nabataean coinage and outline main problems concerning the matter.

16 Book of s Szymon Jellonek Degree MA address sjellonek@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University MA in History Year 1 Ancient History Provincial Coinage on Cyprus under the Augustus Cyprus during the hellenistic period was an autonomous province of Ptolemaic Kingdom. After the defeat of Cleopatra VII Cyprus fell under the control of Octavian and Roman Empire. The new goverment of the island provoked a lot of changes. One of them was the new system of coinage. The royal system was replaced by the provincial one. On the obverse of the earliest roman coin from 26 BC appears the potrait of Augustus. The Latin inscriptions displaced the Greek ones. On the reverse the Victory is shown. On the next two issues minted by proconsul A. Plautius after 21 BC the obverse is reserved for Augustus, and the reverses are presenting the strictly local themes: the temple of Aphrodite at Paphos and the Zeus Salaminios. Gaius Ceaser is presented as princeps iuvenalis on the coin from 1 AD. The expected successor of the Augustus is also presented on a few other issues at Cyprus. There is one more denomination interpreted as Cyprian which contains the capricorn and scorpion with the stars without any legend.

17 Book of s Łukasz Bartkowiak Degree MA address lukasz260686@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań PhD studies Year 3 History of Ancient Near East City Gates as the places of social interactions in Mesopotamia. For many centuries city gates were particularly characteristic localizations in urban centers. In ancient Nineveh, Ashur or Babylon, these localizations often had many functions. Their basic role was to enable visitors to enter the cities or make the entrance impossible. According to many Akkadian sources, local trade, judiciary or imposing a penalty took place near city gates. The aim of this lecture is to analyze selected fragments from Akkadian texts, which concern social interactions that occurred near the city gates of Mesopotamia. The analysis will point out many functions of these specific areas given by the local authorities.

18 Book of s Wawrzyniec Miścicki Degree MA address wawrzyn86@wp,pl Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 3 Classical Archaeology Greeks Mercenaries and Pirates in the Lands of the Fertile Crescent in 8th and 7th c. BC. A of Interregional Contacts. In the traditional scholarship the subject of Greek mercenary activities has been strongly linked with military and economical development of Greek city-states from the 4th c. BC. The existence of mercenaries serving in armies of Southeast Mediterranean in the Archaic Period was seen as incidental event set by the ambitious rulers rather than continuous habit. Additionally, contacts between Greeks and people from the Fertile Crescent has been predominantly studied from the viewpoint of eastern influences upon Greek culture of Archaic Period, therefore the center point was located in Greece. Those two factors created a gap in our understanding of early Greek activity in the Southeast Mediterranean, a blank page which is primary focus of recent scholarship. The aim of my paper is to provide some sort of a cover for this gap, by reconstructing patterns of interregional contacts of Greeks and people from Fertile Crescent between 8th and 7th c. BC, which corresponds roughly with the early Archaic Period in Greece, Neo- Assyrian Empire, and beginning of the Saite Period. Using rich and various cluster of sources from historical accounts (Assyrian and Greek), epigraphic and iconographical evidence, the analysis of artifacts (Greek weapons, pottery) from Levantine sites, I will present a model of activity, composed of mercenary service, trade and pirate raids, based on high level of human mobility, that was a primary cultural pattern of Greeks in their journeys southeast. The model of mutual and constant interregional relations will serve to better understanding of the cultures of Southeast Mediterranean.

19 Book of s Victoria Rotar Degree MA address victoria.rotar.vr@gmail.com Phone School of Classics, Faculty of Humanities, University of Wales Trinity Saint David MA Classics Year 2 Classics A Historian s Perspective on Egyptian Thebes in Book I of Diodorus Siculus' 'Bibliotheka Historica' This paper will discuss the descriptions and narratives related to Thebes, with regard to the ways of presentation of historical material in the work of Diodorus Siculus. It pays particular attention to the techniques of the author's treatment with information which he had received from the sources of different types (apart from his own autopsy - the Egyptian priests, the Greek historians, mythographers and poets). It will analyse the methodology used by Diodorus specifically for the purpose of making the audience of the Hellenistic period familiar with the history of one of the most remarkable cities of Ancient Egypt. The Book I of Diodorus history has generally been considered as an epitome of the Aegyptiaca, the work of Hecataeus of Abdera and, consequently, as being decisively based on the philosophical ideas and the notions of history writing of the latter (e.g. the motif of utopian state; emphasis on marvellous things ). This research, however, having focused on the depiction of Thebes of ancient times within the Book I of the Bibliotheka, argues that Diodorus, while following the tradition of Hecataeus, at the same time presents his data from the aspects important for his own conception of universal history (i.e. a new for the Hellenistic period approach to myths and the pragmatic attitude to historiography). The indications of his method can be seen where the history of Thebes is related in connection (1) with ancient mythologies brought from Egypt to Greece (by Orpheus and Homer) and (2) with the accounts of Diodorean culture heroes (Osiris and Sesoosis).

20 Book of s address Maciej Wyżgoł, Aleksandra Pawlikowska Degree BA, BA maciej.wyzgol@gmail.com, pawlikowskalex@tlen.pl Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, University of Warsaw MA in Archaeology Year 1 Archaeology of the Middle East, Archaeology of Egipt and Nubia The Decorative Mosaics from Domestic Quarter in Jiyeh (Porphyreon). The modern village of Jiyeh, identified as the Greco-Roman Porphyreon, is located 20 km south of Beirut in Lebanon. The archaeological site consists of a domestic quarter with a basilica on the south and a necropolis on the north. The occupation of Jiyeh begins in the Bronze Age and lasts uninterruptedly until the abandonment of the site in the 7th century AD. The last few seasons of excavations have produced a large of mosaics and their fragments, as well as a multiplicity of loose tesserae. This material is connected mainly with the last period of occupation. The aim of this paper is to give a short overview of iconography, methods of production and technology, focusing on the material excavated in the domestic quarter in the last few seasons. Our work is especially concerned with the identification of mosaic patterns on the basis of parallels found on other sites in the Near East. We would also like to briefly discuss how the distribution of decorative fragments on the site reflects social stratification.

21 Book of s Aleksandra Pawlikowska Degree BA address pawlikowskalex@tlen.pl Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, University of Warsaw MA studies Year 1 Greco-Roman Near East Via Maris - Traveling along the Levantine Coastline Communication routes of the finest quality have been identified throughout the entire Imperium Romanum. The efficiently functioning network of roads was a major factor that enabled Romans to control remotely located provinces. In the Near East, a highway of great importance was undoubtedly Via Maris, leading from Egypt to Syria along the Levantine coastline. A variety of sources provides us with very interesting information on certain individuals passing through these areas. The aim of this paper is to offer a closer look at the people who used the Via Maris, taking into account not only the ancient ways of travelling, but also the distances they had to cover. the entire Imperium Romanum. Efficiently functioning network of roads was the major factor that enabled Romans to control far located provinces. In the Near East a highway of the great importance was undoubtedly Via Maris, leading from Egypt to Syria along the Levantine coastline. The aim of this speech is to get a closer look on the people that were using Via Maris, taking into account not only the ancient ways of travelling, but also the distances they had to cover.

22 Book of s Katarzyna Żółty Degree MA address zolty.kat@interia.pl Phone Institute of Sociology, Jagiellonian University Sociology Year Lebanon - Fading Land of Fertility Lebanon is a small country located in the Middle East where tradition and progress are mixed in an extraordinary manner till nowadays. It is an amazing place for the different fields researchers. Scientists who are coming there from all around the world try to explore heritage of this magic land. Lebanon as well as the other countries in the Mediterranean region conceals history from the ancient times; the history of the beginning of human civilization. The biggest empires ruled this land for ages. The first part of this paper concerns the information what those empires left when their reign ended? Presentation of the most interesting archaeological sites in Lebanon proves that it is correct to call Lebanon the land of fertility. The second part is related to Lebanon as a country that resembles a mosaic. That is what makes this place interesting for researchers. The ethnical, religious, cultural diversity of this small country vary Lebanon positively. It is also the cause of many conflicts which appear there. Numerous military conflicts changed the mentality of the people. Western researchers approach must be adapted to local conditions to be able to define what that unique national heritage means to Lebanese. The last part is an attempt to answer the question: why the citizens of Lebanon in majority are not interested in archaeological discoveries in their country. Big corporations build on the ancient ruins their resorts, while government does not react. The legacy slowly disappears and falls into disrepair.

23 Book of s Marcin Gamrat Degree MA address m.j.gamrat@gmail.com Phone Institute of Archaeology, Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University BA in Archaeology Year 3 Middle Eastern Archaeology Farr and it s role in the royal propaganda in the Sasanian Iran. Representations and visual symbolism. The concept of farr, the divine glory, is an inseparable element of Iranian kingship and royal ideology. Depicted numerously, from the Achaemenid and even the Median times, showed strong connection between the king and the God, but not only that. The farr was available to every man, and, according to Avestan hymns, every man was obliged to seek for splendour. The one with the greatest, purest, Aryan farr was chosen by God to became a king, but he could lose his glory by leaving the righteous path. Every succeeding ruler needed to gain his own farr, which couldn t be inherited. Under the Sasanian reign, when famous rock reliefs were carved, farr became one of the most important elements of the royal propaganda. Today we can see it s representations on the mentioned reliefs and as well on the numismatics and decorated plates. Two important deities: Mithra and Apam Napat, later Anahita, are connected with this concept, serving as purveyor and guardian of farr. The aim of the following paper is to analyse the visual symbolism of farr in order to show the role of the king in the society. It will also show what means were used to strengthen the position of the ruler in the empire where the religion was tightly tied with the politics.

24 Book of s Małgorzata Kajzer Degree MA address gosiakaj@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 1 Classical Archaeology Changes in the East Mediterranean trade patterns during the Hellenistic and Roman Periods due to oil lamps findings from Cyprus. Oil lamps were used in Cyprus since the Bronze Age ( BC). The earliest examples, derived probably from the Near East, relatively fast were started to be imitated. After that time, during the Hellenistic Period, new forms and shapes used as prototypes appeared. It has to be said that the role of external production centers was enormous in local workshops at that time. It can be observed during the Roman Period as well. In the 1st century AD new technology of production came from Italy. Afterwards other elements from the Near East affected again on Cypriot manufacturers. It is very interesting how many different influences appeared in Cypriot oil lamps production and how they changed in time.

25 Book of s Łukasz Miszk Degree MA address zorghut@gazeta.pl Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 3 Classical Archaeology Loomweights from the East Mediterranean. Looking for meaning of iconography. Loomweights are one of the most common artefacts excavated on the archaeological sites. Production of textile has been basic human activity since neolithic age when wool, linen etc. replaced animal furs and skins. New tool was constructed loom, which was necessary to produce textile from fibre. Unfortunately this kind of tool is imperceptible in archeological layers. Only the warp weighted loom, one of few we know, has left traces loomweights. Loomweights has never been point of interest of researchers. It is not very spectacular or chronologically sensitive kind of archaeological finds. This type of artifact, though usually classified in the so-called small finds category, often contains very interesting objects on which we can observe various kinds of ornamentation. In this paper I will attempt to outline the hypotheses which have been put forward concerning the reasons and inspiration behind the decoration and iconography of loomweights from East Mediterranean in ancient times.

26 Book of s Maciej Wacławik Degree MA address maciej.waclawik@gmail.com Phone Faculty of History, Jagiellonian University PhD studies Year 1 Mediterranean Archaeology Looking for a lost weight In the first season of field works during Paphos Agora Project in Trench II small bronze steelyard with acorn-shape weight has been found. After two years both objects were cleaned and preserved. During this process new and very important details have been discovered. On the bar of the steelyard two scales had been engraved. These scales have given us information about the operating range of this weighing machine. After measuring the distances between the weighting point and the fulcrum as well as between the fulcrum and counterpoise we have multiplied that two values by the weight of the acorn-shape weight. A result we had received was very surprising. It was lighter than the expected result by almost 80 grams. This difference could be an effect of using on Cyprus different weighing system or it also could be the evidence of being in use light pound. Using of the light pound is confirmed in the Byzantine times by some archaeological materials. This light Byzantine pound had a weight very similar to results we have calculated. These calculation completes our information about ancient measuring systems

27 Dear Colleagues, Proceedings Instruction As we have mentioned it before we plan to publish the after conference volume with Cambridge Scholar Publishing by the end of this year. For this reason we kindly ask you to send papers by the end of September. Please feel free to expand your papers. If you think of additional paper around the main topic of conference you are more than welcome. We kindly ask you to prepare your manuscript according to the following instructions. Non-English authors are kindly ask to have their papers checked by a native speaker. One signed review (in.pdf file) should be attached to the papers. The text should be submitted as file supported by MS Word 2010 file (.doc, docx). Please make sure to send the special fonts, if needed, enclosed to your text. Manuscripts are not restricted to any minimum of pages, but no more than words. We would like to use Times New Roman, in 12 point. There should be 1.5 spacing between the lines. Add notes as footnotes. Please use a Harvard-style format and give a bibliography at the end of your article. Include a list of abbreviated journals and series that will be placed at the beginning of the proceedings. Refer to authors and cite the titles of monographs and names of journals as shown in the examples below. Book single author: Alexanian 1999:28, Fig. 25. Bibliography at the end of the article: Alexanian N Das Grab des Prinzen Netjer-Aperef. Die Mastaba II/1 in Dahschur, Dahschur II, AV 56, Book co-author: Firth, Gunn 1926:25-45, Pl. 25. Bibliography at the end of the article: Firth C.M., Gunn B.G Excavations at Saqqara. Teti Pyramid Cemeteries, vol. 1

28 Contribution in book with editor(s): Wodzińska 2007: Bibliography at the end of the article: Wodzińska A Preliminary Ceramic Report, in: W. Wetterstromand M. Lehner (eds.), Project History, Survey, Ceramics, and the Main Street and Gallery III. Operations. The Giza Plateau Mapping Project, Giza Reports 1, Serpico M., White R A Report on the Analysis of the Contents of a Cache of Jars from the Tomb of Djer, in: A.J. Spencer (ed.), Aspects of Early Egypt, Journals: Op de Beeck 2004:240. Bibliography at the end of the article: Op de Beeck L Possibilities and Restrictions for the Use of Meidum-Bowls as Chronological Indicators, CCE 7, Figures will be accepted as TIF or JPG format files with the resolution minimum 600 dpi. Good drawings and photographs are also suitable. Indicate the precise scale at which you wish the figures to be printed as well as the most appropriate place where the figures should be inserted into the text. You could also prepare a lay-out of your illustrations if you wish. In case of any questions, please contact us at the following addresses: crescent@uj.edu.pl On behalf of the editorial board Łukasz Miszk and Maciej Wacławik

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