The Roman Empire, About 117 C.E.

Transcription

1 UNIT 6 GEOGRAPHY CHALLENGE ANSWER KEY The Roman Empire, About 117 C.E. SPAIN BRITAIN GAUL ETRURIA GREECE ASIA MINOR EGYPT ASSYRIA JUDEA MTS. CARPATHIAN A L P S Adriatic Sea Rome APENININES Po River Tiber River Tyrrhenian Sea Ionian Sea Mediterranean Sea S A H A R A 1 Unit 6 Geography Challenge

2 UNIT 6 GEOGRAPHY CHALLENGE Geography Skills Analyze the maps in Setting the Stage for Unit 6 in the Student Text. Then answer the following questions and fill out the map as directed. 1. Locate the Alps. Label them. Students should label the Alps on their maps. 2. What mountain range runs the length of the Italian peninsula? Label it. Students should label the Apennine Mountains as the range that runs the length of Italy. 3. Locate Rome. On what river is it located? Label this river. Students label should show that Rome is located on the Tiber River. 4. What is a peninsula? Label the seas that make Italy a peninsula. A peninsula is a land mass that is surrounded on three sides by water. Check that students label the seas that make Italy a peninsula the Ionian, Tyrrhenian, Mediterranean, and Adriatic seas. 5. Locate the Po River. Label it. Use the compass rose to determine the answer to the following questions: In what direction does the Po River run? In what direction does the Tiber River run? How might the Tiber River have been helpful to the development of Rome? Check that students label the Po River. The Po River runs in an east-west direction. The Tiber runs in a north-south direction. The Romans could use the Tiber River as a route to the sea. Also, because the city was located at the best place to cross the river, it became a center of trade. 6. Look at the map of the Roman Empire, displayed in the Unit 6 Setting the Stage feature in the Student Text. How far north did it extend? In Europe, how far west? The Roman Empire expanded as far north as Britain, and in Europe, as far west as Spain. 7. What physical feature formed the southern boundary of the Roman Empire? Label this feature. Students should label the Sahara as the southernmost boundary of the Roman Empire. Unit 6 Geography Challenge 2

3 UNIT 6 GEOGRAPHY CHALLENGE Critical Thinking Answer the following questions in complete sentences. 8. Consider the location of the Italian peninsula. How might this location have helped the Romans control trade in the Mediterranean region? The Italian peninsula was centrally located in the Mediterranean region, which made it easier for the Romans to trade with other countries, as well as to transport armies and supplies. 9. How might the mountain ranges of Italy have affected people s lives in ancient times? The altitude of the Alps would have made it difficult for people to interact with cultures in northern Europe. The Apennines would have made it difficult for people on Italy s east coast to interact with those on the west coast. It is likely that the mountainous geography isolated individual communities in ancient Italy, allowing little contact with other Romans or other cultures. This would change as Roman technological advances made travel easier. 10. Were the Romans more likely to choose a land or a water route to Spain? Explain your answer. The Romans would have been more likely to choose a water route to Spain. A water route would have been much shorter, and stops to restock supplies could have been made at Sardinia and other islands along the way. 11. At one time, the Romans avoided sea travel because the Italian peninsula had few good harbors. What evidence can you find to support the argument that this geographical drawback was eventually overcome? The evidence lies in the expansion of the Roman Empire itself, eventually extending as far north as Britain, as far east as Spain, south to Africa, and west to Syria. It is unlikely that the Romans could have succeeded without sea travel. 3 Unit 6 Geography Challenge

4 Geography and the Early Development of Rome I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K How did the Etruscans and Greeks influence the development of Rome? P R E V I E W Examine the two images of ancient Greek and Roman life. Circle and label three features that you see in both images. Ancient Greece Ancient Rome Answers will vary. Students may circle and label columns, statues, and togas. Explain why you think these features are found in both ancient Greece and ancient Rome. Accept all reasonable responses. Students may hypothesize that many Greeks lived close to the Romans, so the Romans were able to adopt many parts of Greek culture. Geography and the Early Development of Rome 4

5 I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K Social Studies Vocabulary As you complete the Reading Notes, use these terms in your answers. Rome cuniculus Greco-Roman Etruscan gladiator Section 1 In the boxes below, create two simple cartoons. The first one should illustrate the myth of how Rome was founded. The second one should illustrate the history of how Rome was founded. To explain each cartoon, write a simple caption. According to Myth R E A D I N G N O T E S Cartoons will vary. The myth cartoon should illustrate the myth of Remus and Romulus. According to History Cartoons will vary. The history cartoon should illustrate the Latins founding of Rome on the Palatine, around 700 B.C.E. 5 Geography and the Early Development of Rome

6 I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K Sections 2 to 7 For Sections 2 to 7, first read that section of the Student Text. In the box for that section, summarize the Etruscan or Greek influence on Rome. Then draw and label an arrow on the map to show how the influence came to Rome. An example has been done for you on the map. Italian Peninsula, 6th Century B.C.E. EUROPE A L Corsica Sardinia Etruscan Greek Latin City P S Po River A P Arno River engineering sporting events ETRURIA AFRICA miles kilometers Lambert Azimuthal Equal-Area Projection E N N I Tyrrhenian Sea Sicily Adriatic Sea Section 2 The Romans used Etruscan arches to build bridges, stadiums, and aqueducts. They adopted the cuniculus from the Etruscans and used it to irrigate land, drain swamps, and carry water to their cities. Section 3 Romans enjoyed watching the dangerous Etruscan sport of chariot racing. Slave fighting was also adapted from the Etruscans. Some Roman slaves that fought against each other or animals were called gladiators. Ti b er River LATIUM N E S writing architecture artreligion W Mediterranean Sea ILLYRIA N S E Section 4 The Romans used Greek columns and designs to add to the beauty of their buildings. They constructed buildings that resembled Greek temples and used concrete to create even larger structures, such as the Pantheon. Section 5 The Romans used a modified Etruscan alphabet, which was an adaptation of the Greek alphabet. Like the Greeks, they write in all-capital letters and carved important documents into walls and columns for all to see. Greek poetry also inspired Roman writers. Section 6 Romans copied the Greek technique for making pottery. Wealthy Romans collected Greek art and built monuments in the Greek style. Roman sculptors and painters used Greek art as a model, but their figures were more realistic. Section 7 Roman religion was highly influenced by Greek religion. The Romans made Greek gods as their own, but gave them Roman names. The Romans were more concerned with following the correct rituals than with stories about their gods. Geography and the Early Development of Rome 6

7 I N T E R A C T I V E S T U D E N T N O T E B O O K Which two Etruscan or Greek influences had the biggest impact on Roman life? In the circles below, create coins that commemorate the two cultural influences you think were the most important. Each coin should have: a drawing representing an Etruscan or a Greek influence, such as an arch or a column. a brief caption that describes the influence. P R O C E S S I N G a sentence that tells why you think each influence was so important to Roman life. Use this rubric to evaluate the Processing assignment. Score Description Both coins have drawings that are neat and clearly represent an Etruscan or Greek influence on Rome. Each coin has a caption that accurately describes the influence and includes a sentence that clearly explains the significance of the drawing to Roman life. Both coins have drawings that represent an Etruscan or Greek influence on Rome but may not be neatly sketched. Each coin has a caption that accurately describes the influence but may not include a sentence that explains the significance of the drawing to Roman life. One or both drawings are missing from the coins. Captions may be inaccurate or missing from the coins. 7 Geography and the Early Development of Rome