Wolfgang D. Hoelscher

Transcription

1 Explorers High-Interest Nonfiction by Wolfgang D. Hoelscher Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc. Greensboro, North Carolina

2 Credits Editor: Wolfgang Hoelscher Layout Design: Mark Conrad Inside Illustrations: Allana Kereluk Cover Design: Peggy Jackson Cover Illustrations: Tara Tavonatti This book has been correlated to state, national, and Canadian provincial standards. Visit to search for and view its correlations to your standards. 2003, Carson-Dellosa Publishing Company, Inc., Greensboro, North Carolina The purchase of this material entitles the buyer to reproduce worksheets and activities for home or classroom use only not for commercial resale. Reproduction of these materials for an entire school or district is prohibited. No part of this book may be reproduced (except as noted above), stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means (mechanically, electronically, recording, etc.) without the prior written consent of Carson-Dellosa Publishing Co., Inc. Printed in the USA All rights reserved. ISBN

3 Table of Contents Table of Contents Introduction...4 Hanno ( ~ 500 b.c.)...5 Alexander the Great ( b.c.)...8 Pytheas ( ~ 325 b.c.)...11 Leif Ericsson ( )...14 Marco Polo ( )...17 Ibn Battuta ( )...20 Zheng He ( )...23 Prince Henry the Navigator ( ) Christopher Columbus ( )...29 Vasco da Gama (1469? 1524)...32 Ponce de León ( )...35 Ferdinand Magellan ( )...38 Estevanico ( )...41 Francisco Vázquez de Coronado ( )...44 Francis Drake ( )...47 Henry Hudson (? 1611?)...50 James Cook ( )...53 Meriwether Lewis ( ) and William Clark ( )...56 David Livingstone ( )...59 Robert O Hara Burke ( )...62 Richard Francis Burton ( )...65 Mary Kingsley ( )...68 Nellie Bly ( )...71 Ernest Shackleton ( )...74 Robert Peary ( ) and Matthew Henson ( )...77 Roald Amundsen ( )...80 Theodore Roosevelt ( )...83 Hiram Bingham ( )...86 Howard Carter ( )...89 Richard Byrd ( )...92 Charles Lindbergh ( )...95 Amelia Earhart ( )...98 Jacques Cousteau ( ) Thor Heyerdahl ( ) Edmund Hillary (1919 ) and Tenzing Norgay ( ) Yuri Gagarin ( ) John Glenn (1921 ) Neil Armstrong (1930 ) Robert Ballard (1942 ) Sally Ride (1951 ) Answer Key Assessment Grid...128

4 Hanno ( ~ 500 b.c.) W hen the Phoenicians lived on the earth 2,500 years ago, not much was known about the world. Other lands and countries were mysteries to most people. Traveling by land or sea was perilous and slow. But the Phoenicians dared to go where others wouldn t. The Phoenicians were sailors and traders. They lived in modern-day Lebanon along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. The Phoenicians bought and sold goods such as copper, paper, ivory, and tin from other nations. They sailed in wooden ships with sails and many oars. The ships were safe to use on the open seas, but they were tiny and open to the weather. In these ships, the Phoenicians were able to visit many distant lands in northern Africa and southern Europe. One Phoenician sailor, named Hanno, took sixty ships and sailed out of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean. He went to search for more people to trade with. He turned his ships southward and explored the west coast of Africa. No one, including Hanno, had any idea what he would find. As his crew of 5,000 men and women set up towns along the African coast, they saw many new and strange things, such as elephants, lions, and other wild beasts. They explored strange rivers and met many different tribes of Africans. Then, they found a land of fire. There were streams of flames, and the earth burned at night. The fire seemed to be coming from a high mountain. It was an active volcano. Afraid for their lives, Hanno and his crew sailed farther south, where they came to an island of strange creatures. To Hanno, the animals looked like hairy men and women, and he wrote about what he saw. It was the first time anyone had ever written about gorillas. No one is really sure what happened on the last leg of Hanno s voyage. Some historians speculate that he ran out of supplies and turned around to go home. Others say he sailed all the way around Africa before returning home. We may never know the truth about his trip, but we do know that people learned more about the world from his daring journey. 5

5 Hanno ( ~ 500 b.c.) T raveling to faraway lands 2,500 years ago was hard and slow. But the Phoenicians dared to go where others wouldn t. The Phoenicians were sailors and traders. They lived in a land along the shores of the Mediterranean Sea. They bought and sold goods such as copper, paper, ivory, and tin from other nations. Sailing in small wooden ships, the Phoenicians visited many countries in northern Africa and southern Europe. One Phoenician sailor, named Hanno, sailed out of the Mediterranean Sea into the Atlantic Ocean. With sixty ships, he searched for more people to trade with. He turned his ships southward to explore the west coast of Africa. He had no idea what he would find. As Hanno s large crew moved along the coast, they saw many new and strange things. They saw elephants, lions, and other wild beasts. They explored strange rivers and met many different tribes of Africans. Then, Hanno came to a land of fire. There were streams of flames. The earth even burned at night. The fire seemed to coming from a high mountain. It was a volcano. Afraid for their lives, the Phoenicians sailed farther south. They came to an island with strange animals. The animals looked like hairy men and women. Hanno wrote about what he saw. It was the first time anyone had written about gorillas. No one is sure what happened on the last part of Hanno s trip. Some think that he ran out of supplies and went home. Others say he sailed all the way around Africa before going home. We may never know the truth about his trip. What we do know is that people learned more about the world from his daring journey.

6 Hanno Name: 1. Choose a good title for this story. A. The Truth about Phoenicians B. A Daring Journey C. Trading Copper D. The Land of Fire 2. Answer the following questions. Where did the Phoenicians live? Why did the Phoenicians sail to new lands? What were the strange animals that looked like hairy people to Hanno? Why was one of the places they visited on fire? 3. Number the following events in the order they happened. 4. What does the word tribes mean in the story? A. Leaders B. Large families C. Groups of people with the same customs D. Warriors 5. Why do you think Hanno didn t know what he d find when he headed southward for Africa? A. Africa was a supposed to be a secret. B. No one lived in Africa. C. Hanno never read any books about Africa. D. No Phoenicians had ever explored Africa before. Bonus: Write about a time when you went to a place you d never been before. Was it scary or exciting? Hanno s crew fled from the land of fire. Hanno wrote about gorillas. Hanno s ships entered the Atlantic Ocean. Hanno began to explore the west coast of Africa. Hanno prepared sixty ships for his voyage.