Unit 11 Lesson 9 Great Voyages of Discovery

Transcription

1 Unit 11 Lesson 9 Great Voyages of Discovery

2 Generalization: Contact can lead to conflict and cultural diffusion Big Idea --

3 The Age of Discovery would not have been possible without the emergence of Spain and Portugal as nation states - this had not happened, as it had in other parts of Europe, because the Iberian peninsula was under Muslim control By the 11 th century the Muslim government on the Iberian peninsula was falling apart - so busy fighting among themselves they ignored the Christian kingdoms in Northern Spain

4 The Reconquista Begins - as Muslim rule weakened, the Christian kingdoms attacked and began taking more and more land - Led by the Kingdom of Castile, but quickly joined by Aragon and Portugal they drove the Moors out of the peninsula - only Granada survived as a Muslim kingdom Portugal declared its independence for Castile and formed its own country Aragon and Castile united Ferdinand of Aragon married Isabella of Castile - together rule all of Spain - after they took Granada in 1492

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7 They were determined to make Spain the most powerful Catholic nation in Europe - required all Jews to convert to Christianity or leave the country - many left most of these went to Eastern Europe (Poland) - some truly converted - others faked conversion (they would lose everything if they left) - they publicly practiced Catholicism, but secretly remained Jews - banned the practice of Islam - established the Spanish Inquisition

8 The Spanish Inquisition - versions of this appeared all over Europe - purpose to seek out all heretics and non-believers - converts secretly practicing their old religion - Jews, Muslims, Protestants, and any who did not support the Roman Catholic - those arrested were tortured until they confessed and named others - those found guilty (almost all) were sentenced to death - burning at the stake - thousands died -summarize- How did the Reconquista affect Spanish Jews and Muslims? - identify- what were the results of the Reconquista? - draw conclusions- why were the Spanish and Portuguese Inquisitions so feared? - elaborate- why do you think some Christians considered heresy such a threat? Jews had to convert to Christianity or leave the country. A few years later, Islam was banned The Christian armies pushed the Moors out of Europe Thousands of people were killed, many burned in public Heretics did not respect the authority of the church, which to many people represented God on earth.

9 Who were the first Europeans know to have landed in the Americas? Leif Eriksson Vikings

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11 What and where is Vinland? Settlement in Canada of Leif Eriksson and his crew.

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15 Why exploration? - desire for Asian goods routes controlled by Italy, Egypt and the Turks - desire to spread Christianity - combat the spread of Islam - increase the number of either Protestants or Catholics Technologic Advances - astrolabe and compass - more accurate maps - better ships caravels - triangular sails - rudders at the back of the ship rather than the side

16 Why was Prince Henry of Portugal known as the Navigator? Set up Europe s first school of navigation and organized over 50 voyages of exploration. Portugal s route to Asia around Africa Bartolomeu Dias and Vasco da Gama

17 Explorers Columbus Sailed for Spain -- first of new explorers to reach the new world -- thought he was in India -- claimed the area for Spain -- questionable behavior What did the King and Queen of Spain want Columbus to do on his next expeditions? find more riches start settlements spread the Catholic religion

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19 Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) sailed for England landed in Newfoundland claimed he had reached China Amerigo Vespucci sailed for Spain and Portugal sailed down the coast of South America proved it was a new world America named after him

20 Vasco Nunez de Balboa Sailed for Spain crossed the isthmus of Panama found and named the Pacific Ocean Ferdinand Magellan Sailed for Portugal First to sail around the world (his crew that is)

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23 Hernando Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire for Spain

24 Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca for Spain

25 Juan Ponce de Leon Spain conquered Puerto Rico explored Florida looking for the Fountain of Youth Francisco Vasquez de Coronado Spain explored the American Southwest looking for the Seven Cities of Gold

26 Hernando De Soto Spain America Southeast Mississippi River Jacques Cartier France St. Lawrence River looking for the Northwest passage

27 Giovanni da Verrazano France Landed in North Carolina and Explored the Atlantic coast Claimed land for France Looking for the Northwest Passage Henry Hudson England and the Netherlands Looking for the Northwest Passage Claimed Canada and the Arctic Ocean for England Claimed Hudson River and New York for the Netherlands

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31 1. Henry the Navigator North America Portugal sailors 2. Christopher Columbus circumnavigate Ferdinand Magellan Pacific 3. Sir Francis Drake Spanish Armada circumnavigate gold 4. Vasco da Gama Africa Portuguese Spanish Armada

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