MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

Transcription

1 6 th International Symposium MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION June 2017., Vrdnik, Serbia MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS Editor Prof. dr Ivica Ristovic Vrdnik June 2017.

2 FOREWORD After the consultations with business entities in the field of mining and environmental protection, faculties and scientific institutes, an initiative for organizing a scientific meeting on mining and environmental protection was taken in The Faculty of Mining and Geology in Belgrade, CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, have organized the First Yugoslav Conference with International participants held from 25 to 27 April 1996 in Belgrade, Serbia. 2 nd International Symposium was held in Belgrade from 25 to th Symposium was held in Vrdnik from 21 to 23 May 2001, 4 th International Symposium was held in Vrdnik from 23 to 25 June 2003, and 5 th International Symposium was held in Vrdnik from 10 to 13 June Due to the large number of subjective and objective reasons organization of the symposium was discontinued in On the basis of the conclusions made at the 5 th Symposium MEP 2015, and great interest of domestic and foreign scientific and professional public, the Faculty of Mining and Geology in Belgrade, in cooperation with co-organizers (National University of Science and Technology MISIS, Moscow, Russia Berg Faculty TU Košice, Slovakia, University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Slovenia, Goce Delcev University in Stip, Macedonia and University in Banja Luka, Faculty of Mining, Prijedor, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina), shall organize the 6 th International Symposium Mining and Environmental protection. Previous Symposium, were very successful and scientist and companies from many countries gathered to exchange information and research results. The objective of this Conference is to bring together engineers, scientists and managers working in mining industry, research organizations and government organizations, on development and application of best practice in mining industry in the respect of environment protection. At the Book of Proceedings of 6 th International Symposium on Mining and Environmental protection are 59 Papers. One third is from abroad, or their authors is from different countries. At least 150 authors and co-authors took part in the preparation of these papers. The papers were reviewed by Reviewers and Scientific Committee. Only high-quality papers were selected, from two side, one from the scientific basis and the second from point of view of applicability in resolving problems at the development of mining. We are very grateful to the authors of the papers, who contributed to a great extent to the success of this meeting by having sent enough number of high quality papers, and thereby made the work of the reviewers a pleasant one in respect of selecting the best quality papers. Also we would like to thank all of the participants in the Symposium, as well as the sponsors who helped and enabled us to hold such a great meeting. Editor

3 PROCEEDINGS 6 th International Symposium MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Editor: prof. dr Ivica Ristovic, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade Reviewers: dr Daniela Marasova, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia, dr Gabriel Fedorko, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia, dr Vieroslav Molnar, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia, dr Nikoleta Mikusova, BERG Faculty, TU Košice, Slovakia dr Milivoj Vulic, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Vladimir I. Galkin, MISIS Moscow, Russia, dr Nikolaj M. Kachurin, TulGU, Tula, Russia, dr Zoran Despodov, Goce Delcev University Stip, Macedonia, dr Dejan Mirakovski, Goce Delcev University Stip, Macedonia, dr Viktor Kovalov, Donbas State Engineering Academy, Ukraine, dr Jiri Fries, VŠB Ostrava, Czech Republic, dr Nediljka Gaurina-Medjimurec, University of Zagreb, Croatia, dr Vlatko Marusic, University of Osijek, Croatia, dr Vladimir Malbasic, University of Banja Luka, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Hercegovina, dr Kemal Gutic, Faculty of Minig, Geology and Civil Engineering, Bosnia and Hercegovina, dr Gordana Stefanovic, University of Nis, Serbia, dr Srdjan Jovic, University of Pristina, Serbia, dr Blagoje Nedeljkovic, University of Pristina, Serbia, dr Gordana Vojkovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Zoran Nikic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Nikola Lilic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Bozo Kolonja, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Dinko Knezevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Aleksandar Cvjetic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Vladimir Milisavljevic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Predrag Jovancic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Dragan Ignjatovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia, dr Ivica Ristovic, University of Belgrade, Serbia. Editorial Board: Marija Ţivković, Ivana Vasiljević, Aleksandar Ganić, Dejan Stevanović, Nevenka Đerić, Biljana Abolmasov, Danica Srećković- Batoćanin, Lidija Beko, Suzana Lutovac, Biljana Lazić, Ivica Ristović. Publisher: University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Belgrade, Serbia For publisher: Prof. dr Dušan Polomčić, Dean Technical desing: M.Sc. Milena Lekić Printed by: SaTCIP, Vrnjacka Banja, 2017 Copies: 150 ISBN The publication of this Proceedings approved by the Council of Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade All Papers in Proceedings are reviewed This Proceedings was published with the financial assistance of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Republic of Serbia

4 ORGANIZER UNIVERSITY OF BELGRADE, FACULTY OF MINING AND GEOLOGY, Belgrade CENTER FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING, Mining Department COORGANIZERS NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY MISIS, MOSCOW, RUSSIA BERG FACULTY TU KOŠICE, SLOVAKIA UNIVERSITY OF LJUBLJANA, FACULTY OF NATURAL SCIENCES AND ENGINEERING, SLOVENIA GOCE DELČEV UNIVERSITY IN ŠTIP, MACEDONIA UNIVERSITY OF BANJA LUKA, FACULTY OF MINING ENGINEERING, PRIJEDOR, REPUBLIC OF SRPSKA, BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE dr Noam Lior, University of Pennsylvania, USA, dr Alexander V. Myaskov, MISIS National University of Science and Technology Moscow, Russia, dr Michal Cehlár, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Adolfo Senatore, University of Salerno, Fisciano, Italy, dr. Vladimir I. Galkin, MISIS National University of Science and Technology Moscow, Russia, dr Nikolai M. Kachurin, Tula State University, Tula, Russia, dr Daniela Marasová, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Gabriel Fedorko, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Vieroslav Molnár, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Nikoleta Husakova, BERG Faculty, TU Kosice, Slovakia, dr Milivoj Vulić, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Ţeljko Vukelič, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr. Goran Viţintin, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Drago Potočnik, University of Ljubljana, Faculty on Natural Sciences and Engineering, Ljubljana, Slovenia, dr Milan Medved, University of Maribor, Faculty of Energy, Maribor, Slovenia, dr Zoran Despodov, FPTN, Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Dejan Mirakovski, FPTN, Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Zoran Panov, FPTN, Štip, R. Macedonia, dr Vladimir Malbašić, University of Banja Luka, Faculty of Mining Engineering, Prijedor, Republic of Srpska, dr Valentin Nedeff, Faculty of Engineering, University of Bacău, Romania, dr Alexandru-Viorel Pele, University of Oradea, Faculty of Management and Technological Engineering, Romania, dr Nikolae Ilias, University of Petrosani, Romania, dr Volodymir A. Fedorinov, Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kramatorsk, Ukraine, dr Viktor D. Kovalov, Donbass State Engineering Academy, Kramatorsk, Ukraine, dr Raycho Ilarionov Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria, dr Georgi E. Rashev, Technical University of Gabrovo, Bulgaria, dr Malgorzata Malec, Institute of Mining Technology, KOMAG, Gliwice, Poland, dr Anna Ostręga, AGH, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, dr Horst Gondek, VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, dr Jiri Fries, VSB Technical University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic, dr Nediljka Gaurina MeĎimurec, University of Zagreb, Croatia, dr Vlatko Marušić, TU Osijek, Croatia, dr Dušan Polomčić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Rade Tokalić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Nenad Banjac, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Nikola Lilić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Boţo Kolonja, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Dinko Kneţević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Predrag Lazić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Predrag Jovancic, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Vladimir Milisavljević, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Aleksandar Cvjetić, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Dejan Stevanović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Ivica Ristović, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mining and Geology, Serbia, dr Sneţana Pašalić, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Milica Marčeta-Kaninski, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Vladimir Nikolić, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Marija Stojmenović, Institute of Nuclear Sciences, Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Milan Kragović, Institute for Technology of Nuclear and other Mineral Raw Materials (ITNMS) Belgrade, Serbia, dr Gordana Vojković, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Zoran Nikić, Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade, Serbia, dr Gordana Stefanović, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Niš, Serbia, dr Nebojša Arsić, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr SrĎan Jović, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Duško Minić, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Blagoje Nedeljković, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Gordana Milentijević, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia, dr Nataša Elezović, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Kosovska Mitrovica, Serbia. ORGANIZING COMMITTEE: dr. Ivica Ristovic, Belgrade, Serbia, president, dr. Gabriel Fedorko, Košice, Slovakia, vice president, dr. Milivoj Vulic, Ljubljana, Slovenia, vice president, dr. Vasilii Zotov, Moscow, Russia, vice president, dr. Zoran Despodov, Štip, Republic of Macedonia, vice president, dr. Vjeroslav Molnar, Košice, Slovakia, dr. Dejan Mirakovski, Štip, Republic of Macedonia, dr. Aleksandar Cvjetic, Belgrade, Serbia, Miroslav Ivkovic, TE-KO Kostolac, Kostolac, Serbia,, MSc Ivana Filipovic, Belgrade, Serbia, MSc Milena Lekic, Belgrade, Serbia, Luka Crnogorac, Belgrade, Serbia, BSc Nadeţda Petrović, Lazarevac, Serbia

5 C O N T E N T S: PLENARY SESSION Noam Lior: Sustainable Energy Development: The present (2017) Situation, Recent Critical Changes, and Possible Future Paths... 1 Myaskov A.V., Gonchar A.A., Shmelev V.S.: Activities to Conserve Biodiversity and Maintain Natural Ecosystems and the Criterial Basis for their Assessment Predrag Dašić, Jovan Dašić, Bojan Crvenković: Cloud-Based Video-Surveillance for Increasing Reliability and Security in Mining Vesna Karović Mariĉić, Branko Leković, Dušan Danilović: Sustainable Development in Oil Sector of the Republic of Serbia Branko Glušĉević, Ĉedomir Beljić, Suzana Lutovac: Exploitation of Small Deposits as a Part of Sustainable Development Drago Potoĉnik, Aleš Lamot, Janez Rošer, Milivoj Vulić: Subsidence Monitoring Above Longwall "-80C" of Velenje Coal Mine Using Various Surveying Methods Michal Cehlár, Zuzana Šimková: Necessary Aspects of Raw Material Policy as a Strategic Document Also From the View of European Union WORKS SESSIONS Zoran Despodov, Stojance Mijalkovski, Vancho Adjiski, Mitko Kostov: Waste Management Plan Generated from Mining Activities in the Mine for Production of Lead and Zinc "Toranica" - Kriva Palanka Stojance Mijalkovski, Zoran Despodov, Vancho Adjiski, Dimitar Stefanovski: Plan for Waste Management in the Mine for Production of Lead and Zinc "Zletovo" Probishtip Dejan Mirakovski, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova, Nikolinka Doneva, Andrej Kepeski: Miners Personal Noise Exposure in Metal and Non-Metal Mines in Macedonia Gabriel Fedorko, Jozef Stolarik, Vladimir Malbašić, Ivica Ristovic: Creation of Calculation and Simulation Model of a System Ropecon Peter Michalik, Michal Hatala, Dušan Mital: Intelligently Programming of the Grooves Production on the External Cylindrical Surfaces for the Leadwell T5 CNC Lathe Vieroslav Molnár, Róbert Varga: Design Concept of the Drive for Variable Pipe Conveyor... 92

6 Mikhail Griyzev, Nikolai Kachurin, Maxim Zmeev: Forecasting Pollution of Atmosphere by Coal Mines and Distributing Resources for Prophylactic Measures Nikolai Kachurin, Anatolyi Ermakov, Alexander Kachurin Methane Emission from Coal Bed Opened Surfaces Into Development Workings and Production Faces by Extraction of Medium Thickness Beds Nikoleta Mikušová: Design of a Handbook for Implementation of Eco-Logistics in Enterprises Nikolinka Doneva, Zoran Despodov, Dejan Mirakovski, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova, Dejan Ivanovski: Quality and Efficiency of Horizontal Mining Facilities Construction Using Smooth Blasting in Sasa Mine Macedonia Nikoleta Mikušová, Eva Tomková: Environmental Audit An Effective Tool of Environmental Protection Nikoleta Mikušová: Use of Heuristics Methods of Decision Making for Solution of Waste Management Vladimir Malbašić, Lazar Stojanović: Determination of Seismic Safety Zones During the Surface Mining Operation Development in the Case of Open Pit "Buvač" Sneţana Aleksandrović, Predrag Jovanĉić, Ilija Jeftenić: Rationalization of Electrical Energy Consumption in Mining Plants Milan Crnomarković, Marija Ţivković: Ecological Effects of Usage of Municipal Solid Waste for Energy Purpose Ljiljana Takić, Bratislav Todorović, Nataša Elezović, Aleksandar Zdravković: Assessment of Water Quality and Correlation Analysis: A Case Study of Ibar River (Serbia) Milan Kragović, Sneţana Pašalić, Miloš Ćirić, Marija Marković, Jelena Petrović, Marija Stojmenović, Ivica Ristović: Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solutions by Using Natural and Fe(III)-Modified Zeolite-Alginate Composites Boris Vakanjac, Sanaa Masod Abdulqader, Jovan Kovaĉević, Zorana Naumović, Nevena Zdjelarević: Radioactivity of Characteristic Uranium-Bearing Geologic Units of Mt. Stara Planina Ana Koprivica, Ĉedomir Beljić, Boris Vakanjac, Vesna Ristić Vakanjac: Concentrations of Toxic Metals Pb and Cd in Foodstuffs of Plant Origin: Case Study of the Village of Baroševac, Serbia Dejan Ivezić, Marija Ţivković, Aleksandar Madţarević, Miloš Tanasijević, Milica Ivić: Energy Efficiency Policy Instruments in Serbia as Tools for Environmental Protection JovanaPopović, Marija Ţivković: Green House Gases Inventory from Direct Energy Related Emissions in Serbia

7 Natalija Pavlović, Tomislav Šubaranovic: Technological Solution for Reclamation of Ugljevik East 1 Opencast Mine and Inside Dump in the First Phase of Exploitation Tomislav Šubaranović, Branko Petrović,Vladimir Ivoš, Ivica Ristović: Technical Solution for Reclamation of the Trachyte Open Pit Mine Kišnjeva Glava at Fruška Gora Bojan Dimitrijević, Vladimir Ĉebašek, Saša Ilić, Jelena Majstorović, Ivan Janković: Decision Making Process in the Selection Recultivation Open Pit Mine and Landfils Jelena Djokic, Srdjan Jovic, Nebojsa Arsic, Obrad Anicic: Energy Efficiency Measures and Sustainable Development Cvjetko Stojanović, Biljana Borović, Radivoje Kerović: EU Directives on the limitation of emissions of pollutants and their effect on the further work of thermal power plants in Bosnia and Herzegovina Bogoljub Vuĉković, Milovan Rakijaš, Hranislav Stojković, Jovan Vuĉković: Comparison of Geothermal Energy Potential in Kolubara Coal Basin with Lignite vol. V - Energy Value and Previous Geological Considerations Milovan Rakijaš, Selena Rakijaš, Miloš Rakijaš, Bogoljub Vuĉković: Unsanitary Municipal Landfill in Serbia - Landfill Hazardous Waste and Their Impact on the Environment Milovan Rakijaš, Selena Rakijaš, Miloš Rakijaš: The Role of Geology in the Management of Radioactive Waste Dragana Savić, Dejan Ţivković, Dejan Milošević, Darjan Kundaĉina: Importance of Laboratory Testing and Characteristics of Mineral Resources for Environmental and Arable Land Protection on OP Drmno in Jovana Galjak, Jelena Đokić, Gordana Milentijević, Irma Dervisevic, Sneţana Pavlovic: Characterization of the Tailing Waste Deposit Gornje Polje Ljiljana Tankosić, Pavle Tanĉić, Svjetlana Sredić, Zoran Nedić: Characterization of the sludge generated during the processing of iron ore in Omarska mine 255 Titomir Obradović, Radmila Šerović, Sabina Ivanović, Dragana Jelesić, Siniša Stojković: Management of Mining Waste Nataša Elezović, Jelena Rajović, Slobodan Zlatković, Predrag Jovanić: Risk Analysis in the Application of Remediation Technologies in Treatment of Sediment on Bovan Reservoir Jelisaveta Marjanovic, Snezana Pavlovic, Jelena Djokic: Multi Criteria Analysis in Process of Location Selection for Waste Water Treatment Plant Dejan Stevanovic, Mirjana Bankovic, Veljko Rupar, Vladimir Milisavljevic, Aleksandar Cvjetic, Daniel Krţanović: Waste Dump Design Optimization, Case Study Open Pit Drmno Milorad Stojanović, Jadranka Vukašinović, Nebojša Todorović: Identification and Criteria for the Evaluation of Environmental Aspects

8 Milorad Stojanović, Novica Momĉilović, Momĉilo Radovanović: Analysis Legal Obligations in Managing Construction Waste in Serbia and in the Region Milorad Stojanović, Ivan Pantelić, Milena Aleksić: Management of Hazardous Substances Radiša Djurić, Zoran Milošević, Miroslav Ĉrnĉević: Rationalization of Usage and Maintenance of the Auxiliary Mechanization in the Open Pit Drmno in the Branch ''TE-KO Kostolac'' in the Period from 2005 to Suzana Lutovac, Branko Glušĉević, Rade Tokalić, Jelena Majstorović, Ĉedomir Beljić: Analysis of Method for Determination of the Rock Mass Oscillation Equation Parameters in the Nepričava Open Pit Zoran Golubović, Slobodan Makragić: Simulation of the Bucket-Wheel Excavator Digging Process and Optimal Reconstruction Solutions Ivana Filipović: Investigation of the Influence of Structural Parameters of Pipe Conveyors Radule Tošović: Some Aspects of Commercial and National Profitability of Mineral Resources in Conditions of Sustainable Development Dragana Jelisavac Erdeljan, Vukašin Vuĉević: Summary of the Objectives and Expected Results of the Project Cadastre of Mining Waste Janez Rošer, Drago Potoĉnik, Milivoj Vulić: Analysing the Dynamic Subsidence Produced by Longwall Coal Mining in Velenje Coal Mine Through Surrogate of Logistic Function Aleksandar Cvjetić, Nikola Lilić, Vladimir Milisavljević, Uroš Pantelić: Environmental Noise Management in Serbian Open Pit Mines Milena Lekić, Luka Crnogorac, Uroš Pantelić, Zoran Nikić: Possibility of Application of Phytoremediation in Mining Ivana Filipović, Mila Stanisavljević, Jelena Milojević: Utillization of Pipe Conveyors Milena Lekić, Dejan Bojović, Vasilije Gašić, Ristovic Ivica: Demolition and Building Waste As a Resource POSTER SESSION Aleksandra Šaponjić, Maja Kokunešoski, Ivana Perović, Marina Vuković, ĐorĊe Šaponjić, Vladimir Nikolić, Milica Marĉeta Kaninski: Co/Mo Bimetallic Carbides with Potental Applications as Catalyst Support in Pem Fuel Cells - Synthesis and Characterization Maja Kokunešoski, Aleksandra Šaponjić, Miroslav Stanković, Marina Vuković, Jelena Majstorović, Dragana Jordanov, Milica Marĉeta Kaninski: Porous Ceramics Based on Natural Mineral Sources

9 6 th International Symposium MINING AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION June 2017, Vrdnik, Serbia QUALITY AND EFFICIENCY OF HORIZONTAL MINING FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION, USING SMOOTH BLASTING IN SASA MINE, MACEDONIA Nikolinka Doneva 1, Zoran Despodov 1, Dejan Mirakovski 1, Marija Hadzi-Nikolova 1, Dejan Ivanovski 2 1 Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences, Goce Delcev University Stip, Republic of Macedonia, nikolinka.doneva@ugd.edu.mk, zoran.despodov@ugd.edu.mk, dejan.mirakovski@ugd.edu.mk, marija.hadzi-nikolov@ugd.edu.mk 2 Sasa Mine, M. Kamenica, Republic of Macedonia, d.ivanovski@sasa.com.mk Abstract: This paper presents data from a research that has been conducted in Sasa mine, M. Kamenica. For this purpose, collected data about construction of horizontal mining facilities in several rock types was analyzed. Also, comparison of construction technology using smooth blasting and NONEL system for initiating to previously applied technology has been conducted. Keywords: Type of rock, NONEL system, Smooth blasting 1. INTRODUCTION The horizontal mining facilities construction presents a complex system of many dependent elements. In Sasa Mine, this type of underground structures are constructed on different rock types. In this paper, horizontal mining facilities construction in gneiss and skarn will be considered. Gneiss as waste rock in Sasa mine is characterized by high rate of metamorphism, as well as medium to high rate of crystalline. It is mostly with schist texture stratified in the thick beds, while massive parts are rare. Skarns occurred as a consequence of post magmatic high-temperature phase of dacite's protrusion of surrounding silico-limestone parts. Various skarns have occurred according to mineralogical composition and time of creation, as a result of it. Table 1 shows physical and mechanical properties obtained by laboratory tests that are required for this survey as follows: bulk density [MN/m 3 ], uniaxial compressive strength c [MPa], tensile strength t [MPa], bending strength s [MPa], shear strengh [MPa], cohesion C [MPa], angle of internal friction [], Poisson`s coefficient and modulus of elasticity E [MPa] [3]. Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties obtained by laboratory tests on ore and associated rock in Sasa Mine, Revir Svinja Reka Rock type γ [t/m 3 ] c [MPa] σ t [MPa] σ s [MPa] τ [MPa] [ 0 ] C [MPa] µ Ex10 3 [MPa] Gneiss Skarn Technical properties needed for this research, as well as classification on gneiss and skarn according to these properties are given in Table 2 [1]. 117

10 Table 2. Technical properties obtained by laboratory tests on ore and associated rock in Sasa Mine, Revir Svinja Reka Rock type Gneiss Skarn Extent of drilling Ј [mm/10min] 11,93-32,53 Medium* 6,53-14,2 Medium* Extent of abrasive [mg] 41,67-95,33 Medium - very high ** 35,5-87,33 Medium - very high ** Resistance to blasting Maximum Ratio evenly volume on the crushing fraction-bmax [cm 3 К ] 2,6-3,8 Hardly *** 2,2-3,9 Very hardly hardly*** 1,10-1,13 1,0-1,4 * Clasification by Baron, ** Clasification by Baron and Kuznjecov, *** Clasification by A.N. SSSR (Institut Skochinski) 2. APPLIED TECHNOLOGIES FOR HORIZONTAL MINING FACILITIES CONSTRUCTION For the purpose of this research, constructions on horizontal mining facilities with the following properties have been monitorеd: projected profile size - 10,8 m 2 ; profile shape horse shoe shape; structure type capital [3]. In both technologies, the same equipment and machinery are applied, as well as the same work organization, which allows comparability of results. Also the same is: length of holes 2,6 m; holes dimeter - 45 mm; explosives type: Аmmonite 38 mm, Ем Ех Al 38 mm, Аmmonite 20 mm; type of cuts parallel with a central empty hole with larger diameter (the number of holes in cuts depends on the strength and structural properties of the blasting material. As already stated above, the horizontal mining facilities construction presents a complex system of many dependent elements. However, this paper will focus on the achieved outcomes of the construction quality in dependence of drilling and blasting parameters [4] Existing technology for horizontal mining facilities construction Sasa Mine continuously monitors the latest techniques and technologies used in the world's mines. For this reаson, the existing technology is not outdated. The main features of this technology are: usage of drilling and blasting for excavation; usage of contour blasting, in order to obtain smoother excavated surface; usage of an electrical mines ignition with electrical millisecond detonators; usage of plastic explosives for bottom mine hole Innovative technology for horizontal mining facilities construction In order to improve the results of the excavation phase, Sasa mine introduced a new manner of initiating mine series. NONEL system (Non-electric detonators) which whenapplied connects with the detonating fuse and electrical detonator. Also, optimization of drilling and blasting parameters is performed, such as: the number of mine holes, quantity of explosives for blasting in order to improve results in terms of constructed facility quality. 118

11 3. RESULTS Results of horizontal mining facilities construction in gneiss and skarn using existing and innovative technologies are given as following. In gneiss, constructions of two facilities have been monitored: the first facility has been constructed on IVb / level, geological profile from 1485 to 1500, where existing technology is applied (Figure 1) [1]; the second facility has been constructed on 990/2-0ps level, geological profile from 1175 to 1200, where innovative technology is applied (Figure 2) [1]. In skarn, constructions of two facilities have been monitored: the first facility has been constructed on IVb/2-7 level, geological profile from 1040 to 1060, where existing technology is applied (Figure 3); the second facility has been constructed on 990/2+1ps level, geological profile from 970 to 990, where innovative technology is applied (Figure 4) [1]. In all facilities 8 cycles of construction have been monitored with drilling length of 2.5 m. Results that are given in Table 3 present main values of reviewed 8 cycles [1]. Projected Excavated Figure 1. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type gneiss (every 2.5 m) with existing technology 119

12 Excavated Projected Figure 2. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type skarn (every 2.5 m) with existing technology Projected Excavated Figure 3. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type gneiss (every 2.5 m) with innovative technology 120

13 Projected Excavated Figure 4. Location of planned and excavated facilities profile in rock type skarn (every 2.5 m) with innovative technology Table 3. Results achieved by the application of existing and innovative technology Rock type Gneiss Skarn Technology Existing Innovative Existing Innovative Аchieved results Advance length for one blasting [m] Coefficient of use blast hole Total quantity of explosive per one blasting [kg] Initiation means [N 0 ] Weight of excavation per one blasting [t] Cavity profile size [m 2 ] Deviation from the projected profile size [m 2 ] Deviation from the projected profile size [%] DISCUSION Results of the analysis in gneiss can confirm the following: Increasing advance from one blasting of 2.26 to 2.31 m, or an increasing usage coefficient of mines hole from 0.86 to 0.89means greater length of advance from one blasting; In innovative technology a slight decrease in total explosives quantity and initiation means for one blasting in terms of existing technology can be seen; In existing technology, the excavated profile is lower than projected, ie profile with an average area of m 2 instead of the one with 10.8 m 2, and it presents a deviation of 3.7%. In innovative technology, the excavated profile is higher than projected, or a profile with an average area of

14 m 2 instead of the one with 10.8 m 2, and it presents a deviation of 1.2%. From this we can see that we have out of profile excavation in innovative technology, whilst bearing in mind a very slight deviation which won t have a significant impact on the supporting costs [2]. The reduction in crosssection with existing technology may present a problem for normal technological process in some cases. In skarn, the following can be confirmed: Increasing advance from one blasting of 1.65 to 2.11 m, or an increasing usage coefficient of mines hole from 0.64 to 0.78 means greater length of advance from one blasting; In innovative technology, the increasing of the total quantity of the explosives can be noted from to 90.5 kg. This increasing in explosives quantity for one blasting was necessary because of the poor results achieved with the existing technology in terms of the advance coefficient; In existing technology, the excavated profile is significantly higher than projected, ie profile with an average area of m 2 instead of the one with 10.8 m 2 and it presents 29.9%. In innovative technology, the excavated profile is slightly lower than projected, or a profile with an average area of m 2 instead of the one with 10.8 m 2, and it presents a deviation of -0.05% deviation. From this we can see that we have out of profile excavation in innovative technology, resulting in greater requirements in terms of supporting and thus making the mining facility costs significantly higher. While the reduction in cross-section with innovative technology is negligible or almost coincides with the projected profile, this in turn means good assessed parameters of drilling and blasting and reducing the cost of mining facility construction. 5. CONCLUSION Based on the results of horizontal mining facilities construction with existing and innovative technology, it can be concluded that: Greater advance is achieved by applying innovative technology in both working environments; Cross section of constructed facility with innovative technology is much closer to the projected cross section; The biggest cross section deviation can be noted in skarn, meaningful 29.9%, which of course leads to the conclusion that in this case, drilling and blasting parameters are not well chosen. This research allows us to see the need for continuous monitoring of results in mining facilities construction in order to identify gaps, optimize the parameters and introduce new techniques for improvement of the construction quality thereof. REFERENCES 1. Ivanovski, D., Pridones vo istražuvanjeto za kvalitetot na izrabotka na horizontalni rudarski prostorii vo rudnikot za olovo i cink SASA, magisterski trud, Fakultet za prirodni i tehnički nauki, Univerzitet Goce Delčev, Štip, 2015; 2. Doneva, N., at all, Cost Analysis in the Construction of Underground Mining Structures and Opportunities for Their Reduction, The Mining-Geology-Petroleum Engineering Bulletin, 30 (2). pp. 1-12, Zagreb, Croatia, 2015; 3. Doneva, N., Methodology for determination of functional dependence of expenditure by rock s type and size of the profile of construction horizontal mining facilities, Doctorate dissertation, University Goce Delcev Stip, Macedonia; 4. Doneva, N., at all, Parametri na vlijanie pri izrabotka na horizontalna rudarska prostorija, V stručno sovetuvanje na tema: Tehnologija na podzemna eksploatacija na mineralni surovini - PODEKS 11, SRGIM, M.Kamenica,