Diversity of arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora (Serbia) and its surroundings

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1 2012 Fauna Balkana University of Novi Sad, Serbia Volume 1 pp Diversity of arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora (Serbia) and its surroundings by Dragan Pavićević (1), Momčilo Popović (2), Marjan Komnenov (3) & Iva Njunjić (4) (1) Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Dr Ivana Ribara 91, Novi Beograd, Serbia, dragan.pavicevic@zzps.rs (2) Geteova 28, Zemun, Serbia, popmom1962@gmail.com (3) Macedonian Museum of Natural Hisatory, Boulevard Ilinden 86, 1000 Skopje, Republic of Macedonia, mkomnenov@gmail.com (4) Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia, Dr Ivana Ribara 91, Novi Beograd, Serbia, iva.njunjic@zzps.rs Summary: Kamena Gora is located in the southwesternmost part of Serbia, near the border of Montenegro and represents a part of the Stari Vlah-Raška highland region of the Dinarides in Serbia. This area belongs to the region of Srednje Polimlje, between the rivers Lim and Uvac. Biospeleological research in the mentioned area dates back to 1933 when a French team of biologists led by P. Rémy, an expert for cave crustaceans, explored nine caves in the surrounding of Pljevlja in Montenegro as well as three smaller caves near Prijepolje in Serbia. Various material was collected, first of all arthropods, including two new species of troglobitic insects, both of genus Proleonhardella (Jeannel, 1934). In August 2008 a team of speleologists from the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia started systematic researches on speleological sites, for the purpose of drafting the Study on Protection of Kamena Gora under the study title The Landscape of Extraordinary Features KAMENA GORA, which was finished in A team of speleologists and biospeleologists of the Institute, including external collaborators, started an exploration of caves and pits related to the aforementioned study in August This research was realised in the scope of another five-years long project of the Institute entitled A Biospeleological Study of Subterranean Objects in Serbia, thus the researches in the area continued after the finalisation of the first study. In the period from 2008 till 2011, 19 speleological objects, nine caves and ten pits, in the wider surrounding of Kamena Gora were explored. The collected material was of a high scientific value. These researches led to the conclusion that trogloxene species of arthropods are the most distributed in caves and pits, whereas troglophile and troglobitic are rare.

2 152 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Key words: Kamena Gora, biospeleology, cave fauna, Arthropoda, diversity 1 INTRODUCTION Kamena Gora is located in the southwesternmost part of Serbia, near the border with the Republic of Montenegro, and represents a part of the Stari Vlah- Raška highland region of the Dinarides in Serbia (Fig. 1). This area belongs to the region of Srednje Polimlje, between the rivers Lim and Uvac, the speleology of which was intensively studied in 1970 and 1980 by Ferko Šantić, a geography teacher from the secondary school Sreten Vukosavljević of Prijepolje. He was also the leader of the speleological section of the Mountaineering Club Kamena Gora where he animated a lot of young people to assist him in his extensive research of caves and pits in the area. Prof. Šantić presented a part of his results at the VIII Yugoslav Speleological Congress held in 1981 in Belgrade. The newspaper POLITIKA published an article about Prof. Šantić and his enthusiastic work on discovering and recording new subterranean objects in Srednje Polimlje on December 21, After the breakup of Yugoslavia, due to wars and changes in the political situation a migration of its inhabitants occurred, and Prof. Šantić left for Sweden and never returned to Prijepolje. It is supposed that he took with him the cadastre of speleological objects of Srednje Polimlje since it has never been found. According to two mountaineers and alpinists from Prijepolje, Dragan Petrić and Ilija Andrejić, one of which is the co-author of this paper (D.P.), more than 100 caves and pits were found in Srednje Polimlje. Both were members of the aforementioned speleological club and used to go to field trips together with Prof. Šantić. The first speleological and biospeleological research of the wider area of Kamena Gora dates from A French team of speleologists, guided by Prof. Paul Rémy (Faculté des Sciences de Nancy), an expert for cave crustaceans, explored nine caves in the surroundings of Pljevlja in Montenegro, as well as three smaller caves near Prijepolje in Serbia (two small nameless caves near Jabuka, and the Popova Cave in the Seljašnica Gorge). The research was performed from July 22 to 29, Various material was collected, first of all arthropods, which remained undetermined to a great extent up to nowadays. From the results of this research, we single out two caves, one to the northwest of Pljevlja, the Bjeloševačka Cave (= Dvostruka Cave) in Montenegro, and one near Prijepolje (Popova Cave) in Serbia. Two species of troglobiont coleopterans were found in these caves, which Rémy gave to his colleague, René Jeannel from the Muséum National d Histoire Naturelle in Paris, an expert for cavernicolous coleopterans, for analysis. He determined that these two species, from the genus Proleonhardella, are new for science, and described them in The first who visited the Popova Cave in Seljašnica near Prijepolje after Rémy was Prof. G. Nonveiller from Zemun, one of the doyens of biospeleology

3 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 153 in ex-yugoslavia. The late Prof. Nonveiller, who was interested in cave fauna of coleopterans of the Balkans, accompanied by two speleologists from the Speleological Section of the Mountaineering Association of Belgrade (SOB), explored the Popova Cave in June 1980 and found both species of troglobiont coleopterans, previously described by Jeannel in 1934 from Rémy s material, but from two different caves, one in Serbia and one in Montenegro. For reasons unknown to us, Prof. Nonveiller did not include the results of his important findings from the Popova Cave in his paper Endogeic and troglobiont fauna of coleopterans in Serbia published in Our colleague Ivo Karaman from the Department of Biology and Ecology (Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Novi Sad) visited and explored the Bjeloševačka Cave near Pljevlja in Montenegro in April 2007, together with archnologist Marjan Komnenov from Skopje (Macedonia) and biospeleologist Siniša Ognjenović from Belgrade. They have found both species of Proleonhardella, described by Jeannel (1934), in the cave. This is in the same time the first finding of P. hirtella outside its type locality (Popova Cave, Prijepolje), and the first record of this species in Montenegro. This was also the confirmation of the finding of Prof. Nonveiller from the Popova Cave that both species can occur sympatrically. It should be mentioned that P. hirtella is always much rarer than P. remyi, also in these localities where they are sympatric. 2 METHODS In 2007, the Institute for Nature Conservation of Serbia launched a study on the conservation of Kamena Gora titled The Landscape of Extraordinary Features KAMENA GORA, which was finished in A team of biospeleologists and speleologists of the Institute, including external collaborators, started an exploration of caves and pits related to the aforementioned study in August This research was realised in scope of another, five-year long project of the Institute titled A Biospeleological Study of Subterranean Objects in Serbia, thus the research of the area continued after the finalisation of the first study. The field work was realised in the following periods: August 25-29, 2008, December 08-12, 2008, October 12-16, 2009, July 05-09, and November 24-25, We particularly emphasize the International Biospeleological Expedition KAMENA GORA 2009, realised from July 19 to 30, 2009, by the Department of Biology and Ecology of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Novi Sad, guided by Prof. Ivo Karaman. We have explored ten pits and nine caves in the wider surrounding of Kamena Gora. Most of the objects have been visited several times in order to collect additional arthropod material necessary for accurate identifications.

4 154 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 3 LIST OF SPECIES Fig. 1: map of the investigated area. ARACHNIDA Ordo OPILIONES Family SIRONIDAE Cyphophthalmus ere Karaman, 2008 General distribution: Serbia (Karaman, 2008). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. M. Rabrenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1. Remarks: The species was described from the Zlatibor Mt., and it was found on the Tara Mt., the Bobija Mt., and in Ovčar Banja and Ivanjica (Karaman, 2008). Family NEMASTOMATIDAE Carinostoma carinatum (Rower, 1914) General distribution: An Alpine-Dinaric species (Martens, 1978). Distributed from southeastern Alps to western Serbia, northeastern Montenegro, and probably across northern Albania to northwestern Macedonia (I. Karaman, pers. comm.).

5 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 155 Examined material: Serbia, Jabuka, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. I. Njunjić & S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Frequent and numerous in mesophile forests where they inhabit forest litter and upper substrate horizons. It is always present in canyons and gorges (I. Karaman, pers. comm.). A trogloxene species, not common in caves. Pyza bosnica (Rower, 1919) General distribution: The species has a wide range across the Balkans, from southwestern Croatia, over Bosnia, Serbia, and northern Montenegro, to Bulgaria and southern Macedonia (I. Karaman, pers. comm.). Examined material: Serbia, Jabuka, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. I. Njunjić & S. Ognjenović, 1, 1. Remarks: A terricole species characteristic for humid forests at higher altitudes, where individual specimens can be found under rocks, in forest litter, decayed tree trunks and stumps. A trogloxene species, not common in caves. Amilenus aurantiacus (Simon, 1881) Family PHALANGIIDAE General distribution: The species is widely distributed in Alps and more to the north in Austria and in parts of Germany. It is present in the western part of the Balkan Peninsula from Slovenia across western and central Croatia, Bosnia, northern parts of Herzegovina, western and southwestern Serbia, northern parts of Montenegro, western Macedonia, and Albania to central Greece (I. Karaman, pers. comm.). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 2 juv. Remarks: A troglophile species, adults frequently overwintering in caves in high numbers, with only juveniles present in the summer. Nesticus cellulanus (Clerck, 1757) Ordo ARANEIDA Family NESTICIDAE General distribution: Europe (Wiehle, 1953). Introduced into North America (Lindroth, 1957; Paquin et al., 2010). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, 1040 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: N. cellulanus is a troglophile species and the only representative of its genus found in Serbia so far (Deltshev et al., 2003).

6 156 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Family LINYPHIIDAE Centromerus cavernarum (L. Koch, 1872) General distribution: Europe (Platnik, 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Plandište, Snežnica Cave, 1319 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 3 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, 1040 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A troglophile species found at three localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 2000a; Ćurčić et al., 2000b; Ćurčić et al., 1999a). Diplocephalus foraminifer (O. P. Cambridge, 1875) General distribution: South Europe (Helsdingen, 2010) Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave in Petnja, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 3 ; Serbia, Priboj, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 2 ; ibid., , leg. I. Njunjić & S. Ognjenović, 3, 1 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, the hamlet of Brdo, Bezdan Pit, 1359 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species found at three localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 1999a; Ćurčić et al., 2000b). Diplocephalus latifrons (O. P. Cambridge 1863) General distribution: Europe and the Caucasus Mts. (Esyunin & Efimik, 1996). Examined material: Serbia, Priboj, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: This trogloxene species is found at several localities in Serbia (Deltshev et al., 2003). Fageiella patellata (Kulczyński, 1913) General distribution: Bosnia and Herzegovina (Komnenov, 2009); Serbia (Pavićević et al., 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Priboj, the village of Krnjača, Tmuša Gorge, Goved a Cave, 1114 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1, 1. Remarks: A troglophile species described from Eastern Bosnia and Herzegovina (Govještica Pećina Cave) near the village Banja Stijena in the canyon of the river Prača (Kulczyński, 1913).. Gonatium orientale Fage, 1931 General distribution: Macedonia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Romania (Helsdingen, 2010).

7 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 157 Examined material: Serbia, Priboj, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species found at several localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 2000b). Lepthyphantes centromeroides Kulczyński, 1914 General distribution: Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia (Helsdingen, 2010). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Guvništa, Mala Mujova Pit, 1300 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, the hamlet of Brdo, Bezdan Pit, 1359 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, the hamlet of Brdo, Bezdan Pit, 1359 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, 1000 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 3, 9 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, the hamlet of Brdo, Bezdan Pit, 1359 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 4, 1 ; Serbia, Priboj, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A rare troglophile species found at four localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 2000b; Drensky, 1936; Fage, 1931; Kratochvíl, 1934). Lepthyphantes leprosus (Ohlert, 1865) General distribution: Holarctic (Platnik, 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 2 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, the village of Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 3. Remarks: A troglophile species widely distributed in caves in Serbia (Deltshev et al., 2003). Macrargus rufus (Wider, 1834) General distribution: Europe, western Siberia (Tanasevitch, 2005). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, the hamlet of Brdo, Bezdan Pit, 1359 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: Found at four localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 2000b; Drensky, 1936; Nikolić & Polenec, 1981; Stoljićević, 1929). Oedothorax agrestis (Blackwall, 1853) General distribution: Europe, Siberia (Tanasevitch, 2005). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, the village of Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, the village of Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: Found at several localities in Serbia so far (Chyzer & Kulczyński, 1897; Drensky, 1936; Stoljićević, 1929).

8 158 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Porrhomma convexum (Westring, 1851) General distribution: Holarctic (Platnik, 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave in Petnja, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 6, 12 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Jabuka, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, the village of Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2. Remarks: A troglophile species, very frequent in caves in Serbia (Deltshev et al., 2003). Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) Family TETRAGNATHIDAE General distribution: Europe, northern Africa (Helsdingen, 2010; Marusik & Koponen, 1992) Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Plandište, Snežnica Cave, 1319 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 3. Remarks: A troglophile species, very frequent in caves in Serbia (Deltshev et al., 2003). Metellina merianae (Scopoli, 1763) General distribution: Europe, Turkey, Lebanon, Israel, Caucasus, northern Africa (Levy, 1987; Mikhailov, 1997). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1. Remarks: A troglophile species, very frequent in caves in Serbia (Deltshev et al., 2003). Histopona laeta (Kulczyński, 1897) Family AGELENIDAE General distribution: Romania, Serbia, Bulgaria (Helsdingen, 2010). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave in Petnja, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species found at cave entrances, also frequent in forest litter. Found at four localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 1999b; Ćurčić et al., 2000). Histopona luxurians (Kulczyński, 1897) General distribution: Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Bulgaria (Deeleman-Reinhold, 1983; Deltshev et al., 2003).

9 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 159 Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, the village of Kamena Gora, Kameni Vrh, pit at Kameni Vrh, 1443 m, , leg. M. Perreau, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species most frequent in forest litter, but also in cave entrances. Found at several localities in Serbia so far (Ćurčić et al., 2000b; Drensky, 1936; Stoljićević, 1929). Ordo ACARINA Family IXODIDAE Eschatocephalus vespertilionis C. L. Koch, 1844 General distribution: Western, central, and southern Europe (Bobkova, 2003). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, , leg. M. Perreau, 1ex. Remarks: A large species of tick that feeds on blood of bats and is exclusively found in caves with large bat colonies (Nešić et al., 2008). DIPLOPODA Family SCHIZOPETALIDAE Apfelbeckia insculpta (L. Koch, 1867) General distribution: Western Serbia, Croatia (Dalmatia), Montenegro, Albania (Makarov et al., 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Zečija Glava, Kurtova Pit, 1289 m, , , leg. S. Ognjenović, 2 ; Prijepolje, Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, , leg. M. Perreau, 1, 1. Family POLYDESMIDAE Brachydesmus (Brachydesmus) subterraneus Heller, 1857 General distribution: The range of this blind and depigmented millipede includes Austria, Slovenia, Italy, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania (Makarov et al., 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Velika Pećina Cave in Petnja, 1136 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 2, 3 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Petnja, Zečija Glava, Kurtova Pit, 1289 m, , ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 4 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, 1040 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 2, 3.

10 160 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Family HAASEIDAE Haasea microcorna Strasser, 1971 General distribution: This species is endemic for Serbia, found only in three subterranean objects near Sjenica at Pešter Plateau so far: in Ušac cave system, Baždarska Cave, and Tubića Cave (Makarov, 2008). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 3, 3. INSECTA Ordo COLEOPTERA Family STAPHYLINIDAE Aloconota (s. str.) insecta Thomson, 1856 General distribution: Europe, northern Africa, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. M. Perreau, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species. Anthobium (s. str.) atrocephalum atrocephalum (Gyllenhal, 1827) General distribution: Palaearctic, North America, ssp. sardoum (Scheerpeltz, 1961) in Sardinia (Zanetti et al., 2008) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2,1 ; Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species, rarely encountered in caves and pits (Zanetti et al., 2008). Anthophagus (Dimorphoschelus) alpestris alpestris Heer, 1839 General distribution: Central Europe, Alps, Balkans, ssp. kochi Bernhauer, 1935 in the Apennines (Zanetti et al., 2008) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2. Remarks: A trogloxene species, rare in Serbia (Zanetti et al., 2008). Atheta (s. str.) contristata Kraatz, 1856 General distribution: Europe (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. M. Perreau, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1. Remarks: A troglophile species.

11 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 161 Atheta (Philhygra) hygrotopora Kraatz, 1856 General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. M. Komnenov, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Atheta (Alaobia) trinotata (Kraatz, 1856a) General distribution: Asia, Europe, northern Africa (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1 ; Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species. Bolitochara lucida (Gravenhorst, 1802) General distribution: Europe, northern Africa (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Bryaxis beroni Karaman, 1969 General distribution: Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria (Löbl & Smetana, 2004, Nešić & Pavićević, 2006, Nešić et al., 2007). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, village of Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Priboj, Bučje, Bučanska Gorge, , rock creep, leg. M. Komnenov, 1. Remarks: A subtroglophile species described from western Bulgaria, later found in four caves on the Svrljiške Mts. in eastern Serbia (Nešić et al., 2007). For the first time, this subendemic species for Serbia was found in a rock creep overgrown with moss and herbaceous plants in the Bučanska Gorge near Priboj. Deleaster dichrous (Gravenhorst, 1802) General distribution: Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Nearctic (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Deliphrocesoma macrophalum (Eppelsheim, 1873) General distribution: 2008). Alps, western mountains of Balkans (Zanetti et al.,

12 162 Fauna Balkana, volume , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species, rare in Serbia (Zanetti et al., 2008). Dinothenarus (Parabemus) fossor (Scopoli, 1771) General distribution: Europe (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Montenegro, Pljevlja, Rudnica, Ledenice, Mala Ledenica Cave, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, Kovčica, 1200 m, , Barber pitfall traps, leg. M. Komnenov, 2, 3. Remarks: Not common in caves. Domene (s. str.) scabricollis (Erichson, 1840) General distribution: Europe (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 5 ; Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, Kovčica, 1200 m, , Barber pitfall traps, leg. M. Komnenov, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. First record for Serbia. Drusilla (s. str.) canaliculata canaliculata (Fabricius, 1787) General distribution: Europe, Asia, Nearctic (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species. First record for Serbia. Gabrius astutus (Erichson, 1840) General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species. First record for Serbia. Lesteva (s. str.) monticola Kiesenwetter, 1847 General distribution: Europe, Turkey (Zanetti et al., 2008) , leg. M. Popović, M. Komnenov & M. Perreau, 3, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 8, ex.; Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Šainov Kraj, Kameni Vrh, a pit at Kameni Vrh, 1443 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: In Serbia, found only in caves and pits so far. It is most frequent in cold and wet objects at higher altitudes, but also found elsewhere, beneath sunken

13 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 163 rocks near the snow, and other similar places (Zanetti et al, 2008). Mycetoporus rufescens (Stephens, 1832) General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; ibid., Jabuka, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species. First record for Serbia. Omalium caesum Gravenhorst, 1806 General distribution: Europe, Caucasus, North Africa (Zanetti et al., 2008) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 5, 2 ; Serbia, Brodarevo, Petnja, 1100 m, , leg. D. Pavićević, 2, 1. Remarks: This trogloxene species is widely distributed in Serbia, found both in forest litter and in caves and pits (Zanetti et al., 2008). Omalium rivulare (Paykull, 1789) General distribution: (Zanetti et al., 2008). Europe, Caucasus, North Africa, North America , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: This trogloxene species is common in Serbia, found in both subterranean objects and elsewhere, such as in forest litter, decayed trunks, etc. (Zanetti et al., 2008). Omalium validum Kraatz, 1857 General distribution: (Zanetti et al., 2008). North to Sweden, Central Europe, Alps, Balkans Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 5, ex; Serbia, Jabuka, a pit at Brazda, 1249 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A trogloxene species, relatively frequent in Serbia, found both in caves and pits and elsewhere, such as in wet forest litter (Zanetti et al., 2008). Othius lapidicola Markel & Kiesenwetter, 1848b General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004).

14 164 Fauna Balkana, volume , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: A sylvicole species. Not common in caves. Phloeopora testacea (Mannerheim, 1830) General distribution: Europe (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Platydracus (s. str.) fulvipes (Scopoli, 1763) General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Proteinus crenulatus Pandellé, 1867 General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 3, 2. Remarks: First record for Serbia, and first record of the species in a cave. Quedius (Distichalius) cinctus (Paykull, 1790) General distribution: Europe, northern Africa, Asia, Nearctic region (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Brodarevo, Petnja, 1100 m, , leg. D. Pavićević. Remarks: This trogloxene species is widely distributed in Serbia, found both in caves and pits and in forest litter (Nonveiller et al., 2000). Quedius (Raphirus) lateralis (Gravenhorst, 1802) General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Montenegro, Pljevlja, Rudnica, Ledenice, Mala Ledenica Cave, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Montenegro, Pljevlja, Rudnica, Ledenice, Ledenice Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Widely distributed in Serbia, both in forest litter and in caves and pits (Nonveiller et al., 2000). Quedius (Raphirus) pseudopyrenaeus Coiffait, 1967d General distribution: Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro (Löbl & Smetana, 2004).

15 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 6, 14. Remarks: A mountain species, not common in caves. Quedius (Microsaurus) mesomelinus mesomelinus (Marsham, 1802) General distribution: Europe, Australia, Nearctic, Neotropic (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Guvništa, Mala Mujova Pit, 1300 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, village of Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Pećina, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; ibid., , 5, 12, leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić; Serbia, Brodarevo, Petnja, Zečija Glava, Kurtova Pit, 1289 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 2. Remarks: Most frequent in wet habitats, beneath decayed leaves and rocks, in nests and in dens of small and large mammals, and also in caves and pits (Nonveiller et al., 2000). Sepedophilus testaceus (Fabricius, 1793) General distribution: Europe, Asia, northern Africa, Nearctic (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: Not common in caves. Tachinus (s. str.) rufipennis Gyllenhal, 1810 General distribution: Europe (Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: First record for Serbia. Tachinus (s. str.) subterraneus (Linnaeus, 1758) General distribution: Europe, Asia, Nearctic region (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , 1m, leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić. Remarks: A trogloxene species. First record for Serbia. Zyras (Pella) humeralis (Gravenhorst, 1802) General distribution: Europe, Asia (Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2, 2. Remarks: Not common in caves.

16 166 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Apocatops nigrita (Erichson, 1837) Family LEIODIDAE General distribution: Central, western, and eastern Europe (Perreau, 2000) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: Known from a number of localities in Serbia and represents one of the most frequent cholevines (Nonveiller et al., 1999). Catops longulus Kellner, 1846 General distribution: Europe (Perreau, 2000) Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, Mala Mujova Pit, 1300 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 5, 7 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić; 1, 3 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 3, 4 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, Velika Mujova Pit, 1320 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1. Remarks: This rare boreal species was previously known in Serbia only from four localities: Štetska Pit near Užice (Jeannel, 1934), Murtenica Mt., Bobija Mt., and Šar Planina Mt. (Nonveiller et al., 1999). Often found in caves and pits and also elsewhere, in rabbit dens, more rarely in forest detritus (Jeannel, 1936). Catops nigricans (Spence, 1815) General distribution: Central, western, and eastern Europe, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Macedonia, Turkey (Nonveiller et al., 1999; Perreau, 2000, Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: Only three specimens found in Serbia so far, collected in beech forests on the Stol Mt. and Radan Mt. (Nonveiller et al., 1999). Choleva (s. str.) glauca Britten, 1918 General distribution: Central, western, and eastern Europe, Balkan Peninsula (Romania, Slovenia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Bulgaria, Macedonia) (Nonveiller et al., 1999; Perreau, 2000; Löbl & Smetana, 2004). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: This glacial relict is rare in caves and pits, but it is more common in molehills, beneath sunken stones, etc. In Serbia, so far it is only known from the Izvor Cave near Čajetina (Nonveiller et al., 1999).

17 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 167 Choleva (s. str.) reitteri Petri, 1915 General distribution: Denmark, Netherlands, Belgium, France, Italy, Romania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Turkey (Nonveiller et al.,1999; Perreau, 2000; Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: In Serbia, so far it is known from Rudnik Mt., Medvednik Mt., Ovčar-Kablar Gorge, and in cave system Samar in the village of Kopajkošare (Kalafat) (Nonveiller et al., 1999). An endogeic species more often found in dens of micromammals than in caves. Choleva (Cholevopsis) spadicea spadicea (Sturm, 1839) General distribution: This species is distributed in central and western Europe, north to the Netherlands, east to Romania, Bulgaria, and Greece (Nonveiller et al., 1999; Perreau, 2000; Löbl & Smetana, 2004) , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1. Remarks: This rare species is common in caves, and mice and mole dens. In Serbia, so far it is known from the following localities: Belgrade, Bobija, Ceremošnja Cave (Homolje Mts.), Durlov Potok (Šar Planina Mts.), Bogovinska Cave (Bogovina), Stražilovo (Fruška Gora) (Nonveiller et al., 1999). Leptinus testaceus Mueller, 1817 General distribution: Europe and Asia Minor (Perreau, 2000). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, 1040 m, , leg. Iva Njunjić, 1. Remarks: This nidicole species is found in dens of shrews, moles, and particularly mice from the genus Apodemus, but also in dens of badgers, foxes, etc. More rarely found in nests of cavity-nesting birds and hymenopterans (Vespulla germanica, Vespa crabro, etc.). Considering that shrews and mice often nest in caves and pits, this blind and depigmented insect, which feeds on various organic wastes from and around nests, is also encountered in these places. Magdelainella (Magdelainella) serbica (Müller, 1904) General distribution: Western Serbia, eastern Bosnia, northeastern Montenegro (Pavićević & Perreau, 2008). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1. Remarks: It is found both in caves and pits as well as in the soil beneath deeply sunken rocks, forest detritus, etc. It can be considered as a true subtroglophile.

18 168 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 Proleonhardella (Proleonhardella) hirtella Jeannel, 1934 General distribution: Ex-Yugoslavia, Serbia, Sandžak, Popova Cave near Seljani (Perreau, 2000); southwestern Serbia (Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Jabuka, and Priboj) and northern Montenegro (surroundings of Pljevlja) (Pavićević et al., 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Priboj, village of Krnjača, Tmuša Gorge, Goved a Cave, 1114 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1, 1 ; Serbia, Jabuka, a pit at Brazda, 1249 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Priboj, village of Krnjača, Ledenjača Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, village of Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, leg. M. Popović, I. Njunjić & S. Ognjenović, 2 3 ; Crna Gora, Pljevlja, Rudnica, Ledenice, Ledenica Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 1. Remarks: This troglobiont species was thought to be a stenoendemic species of the Popova Cave in the Seljašnica Gorge near Prijepolje. We succeeded to find it in several other caves and pits near Kamena Gora, as well as in several objects near Pljevlja in Montenegro. Proleonhardella (Proleonhardella) remyi Jeannel, 1934 General distribution: Ex-Yugoslavia, Serbia, Dvostruka Cave near Jabuka, the region of Bjeloševac (Sandžak) (Perreau, 2000); southwestern Serbia (Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Jabuka, Priboj), and northern Montenegro (surroundings of Pljevlja) (Pavićević et al., 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 4, 3 ; ibid., , leg. I. Njunjić & M. Rabrenović, 5, 6 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 5, 4 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 5, 5 ; ibid., , 3, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 2 ; Serbia, Priboj, village of Krnjača, Tmuša Gorge, Goved a Cave, 1114 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 6, 14 ; Serbia, Jabuka, a pit at Brazda, 1249 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 3 ; Serbia, Priboj, village of Krnjača, Ledenjača Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 3 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Guvnište, a pit in the forest, 1340 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 2, 2 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Mala Mujova Pit, 1300 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 15, 17 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 18, 15 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 3, 5 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 18, 20 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Velika Mujova Pit, 1320 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 18, 15 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 12, 16 ; ibid., , S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 4, 6 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. M. Komnenov, 1, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 3, 7 ; ibid., , S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 2 ; ibid., , S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 2 ; Serbia, Prijepolje,

19 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 169 village of Seljašnica, Seljašnica Gorge, Popova Cave, 850 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 4, 3 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Šainov Kraj, Kameni Vrh, a pit at Kameni Vrh, 1443 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 2, 3 ; Crna Gora, Pljevlja, Rudnica, Ledenice, Ledenice Pit, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 4, 5. Remarks: A series of specimens of P. remyi and P. hirtella were found in the collection of the late Prof. G. Nonveiller, which he collected on June 13, 1980 in the Popova Cave near Prijepolje. This was in the same time the first finding of P. remyi in Serbia, since the species was previously known only from a typical locality in Montenegro (Pljevlja, Bjeloševina, village of Bjeloševina, Dvostruka or Bjeloševačka Cave). Prof. G. Nonveiller has never published the results of his findings. We have obtained the first specimens of this troglobiont species from our colleague Ivo Karaman, who collected them on April 06, 2007 in the Bjeloševačka Cave, which is its locus typicus, as well as in the nearby Pogledica Cave, both located in the gorge below the village Bjeloševina in Montenegro. From the presented list it can be presumed that the species is very common in nearly all objects that we explored, and in some of them (Kurtova Pit, Mala Mujova Pit, etc.) it is also very numerous. Sciodrepoides watsoni watsoni (Spence, 1815) General distribution: Europe and Asia (Perreau, 2000). Examined material: Serbia, Kamena Gora, village of Kamena Gora, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 2. Remarks: Frequent both in caves and pits as well as in dens of micromammals and other animals, in forest detritus, etc. (Jeannel, 1936). Family CARABIDAE Duvalius (Duvalius) sturanyi sturanyi (Apfelbeck, 1904) (fig. 2) General distribution: Bosnia, Montenegro (Löbl & Smetana, 2003) , leg. M. Komnenov & M. Popović, 3 ; ibid., , leg. Iva Njunjić & S. Ognjenović, 1, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 2. Remarks: In his paper Endogeic and troglobiont fauna of coleopterans of Serbia, Nonveiller (1983) cites the nominotypical subspecies D. (D.) sturanyi sturanyi from Serbia for the first time. In this paper he also mentions that the first specimens were collected at the beginning of May 1960 on the Bobija Mt. near Ljubovija (western Serbia). At the very same locality, around 15 specimens of this subspecies were collected at the end of the first half of May 1981, near a creek, beneath rocks. Löbl & Smetana (2003) obviously have not been aware of this paper, since they do not cite this species for Serbia in their catalogue.

20 170 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 The nominotypical subspecies was described based on the specimens collected in Čelebić near Foča, in Bosnia. In the same paper, Nonveiller mentions that he collected a large series of specimens on the Komovi Mt. in Montenegro, which all belong to the same subspecies. All specimens were found beneath sunken rocks at altitude of around 1800 m. This species can be considered as endogeic, since in most cases it has been collected in old beech or beech-spruce forests in close vicinity of creeks, beneath rocks. Such is the case on the Durmitor Mt. (Ćurevac, 1300 m) in Montenegro (Pavićević, unpublished data). It was sporadically found in caves with increased humidity, which is exactly the case with the Velika Pećina Cave in Babine, which actually represent a deep pit through which the surrounding area is drained. This species was also found in a similar cave object in the Tara Gorge (D urd evića Tara, cave above Splavište) in Montenegro (Pavićević, unpublished data). Trechus irenis Csiki, 1912 General distribution: Balkans except Macedonia and Albania (Löbl & Smetana, 2003). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Babine, Velika Pećina Cave, 1166 m, , leg. M. Komnenov & M. Popović, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 1, 2. Remarks: A common species in Serbia, except for its northern and northeastern part, found both in subterranean objects and elsewhere (Nonveiller et al., 1994). Trechus obtusus obtusus Erichson, 1837 General distribution: Europe, northern Africa, Nearctic (Löbl & Smetana, 2003) , leg. M. Komnenov, 2 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 4, 1. Remarks: A rare forest species, in Serbia known only from the Bogićevica Mt., 1800 m (Nonveiller et al., 1994). Trechus priapus priapus K. Daniel & J. Daniel, 1898 General distribution: The nominotypical species is distributed across the Balkans, except Romania and European part of Turkey (Löbl & Smetana, 2003) , leg. M. Komnenov, 1 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović & I. Njunjić, 3, 7 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Plandište, Snežnica Cave, 1319 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 2 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Šainov Kraj, Kameni Vrh, a pit at Kameni Vrh, 1443 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 2. Remarks: Relatively frequent in Serbia, both in caves and elsewhere, beneath rocks, in forest litter, etc. Besides this subspecies, two another subspecies can be

21 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 171 Fig. 2: Duvalius sturanyi sturanyi, in situ, Velika Pećina Cave, Babine (Photo: M. Komnenov).

22 172 Fauna Balkana, volume 1 found in Serbia, T. priapus medius Meixner, 1939, described and only known from the Stara Mt. (2136 m), and T. priapus serbicus Apfelbeck, 1902, endemic for the Kopaonik Mt. (Nonveiller et al., 1994). Family RHAPHIDOPHORIDAE Troglophilus brevicauda Chopard, 1934 General distribution: Widely distributed in montane and submontane parts of western Serbia, eastern Bosnia, and northern parts of Montenegro. A remote local population exists on the Rhodope Mts. in Bulgaria (Karaman et al., 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac Peak, Dvogrla Cave, 900 m, , leg. I. Karaman, 1 subad., 1, 1 subad.; Kamena Gora, Kamena Gora Peak, Bezdan Pit, 1369 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1 subad; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 2, 1. Troglophilus cavicola (Kollar, 1833) General distribution: Distributed from Lombardy and Vienna in the northwest, across Dinarides and Šar-Pindus mountain system, to central Greece in the southeast (Karaman et al., 2011). Examined material: Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, Mala Mujova Pit, 1300 m, , leg. M. Rabrenović, 2, 3 ; ibid., , leg. S. Ognjenović, 1, 2 ; Serbia, Prijepolje, Kamena Gora, Guvništa, a pit in the forest, 1340 m, , leg. S. Ognjenović 2 ; Serbia, Kamena Gora, Brajkovac, a pit near Velika Stijena, 1040 m, , leg. I. Njunjić, 1, 1 ; Brajkovac, , after digging up a large pile of rocks in a forest, leg. D. Pavićević, 6, 9. Remarks: This species of cave cricket is widely distributed in caves and pits in Serbia, but also beneath piles of rocks overgrown with herbaceous vegetation, in decayed tree stumps, etc. 4 DISCUSSION The presented data show that the insects are the most numerous arthropods in caves and pits of the explored region. Fifty species of insects from 33 genera and five families were discovered and determined, among which the rowe beetles are the most numerous with 33 species from 23 genera. Ten rowe beetle species are not commonly encountered in subterranean objects, while other species are trogloxene species, and one is a troglophile species. Troglobiont species of rowe beetles were not found in Serbia. This group of insects is poorly studied in Serbia, so it is not a surprise that 12 of these 33 species are new for the fauna of Serbia. Of other representatives of arthropods, four species of harvestmen from three genera and three families were collected, 15 species of spiders from 13 genera and four families, three species of millipedes from three genera and two families, and one species of tick.

23 D. Pavićević et al.: Arthropod fauna in caves and pits of Kamena Gora 173 It should be emphasized that the representatives of the troglobiont fauna are very rare and that their ecological niches were taken by trogloxenes before all. 5 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We wish to express our gratitude to the following colleagues who offered us great assistance in exploration of caves and pits at Kamena Gora, as well as logistics during the field work: Ljubiša Cmiljanović (Kamena Gora), Ljubinko Drobnjak (Kamena Gora), Željko Kijanović (Kamena Gora), Ilija Andrejić (Prijepolje), Dragan Petrić (Prijepolje), biospeleologist Siniša Ognjenović (Belgrade), Eric Quéinnec (Université P. & M. Curie, Paris), Dragan Nešić (geomorphologist and speleologist, Institute for nature Conservation of Serbia, Branch Office Niš), Milan Rabrenović (final year student at the Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade), and Igor Srećković (final year student at the Faculty of Biology, University of Novi Sad). We would also like to thank our colleagues who helped us in determination of a part of the collected biological material for which the authors of this paper are not experts: Prof. Dr. Ivo Karaman (Department of Biology and Ecology of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, University of Novi Sad) for determination of harvestmen, and Prof. Dr. Slobodan Makarov (Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade) for determination of millipedes. Many thanks also to the scientific society Speofauna for its support to the international expedition KAMENA GORA REFERENCES Bobkova O. A., Distribution of Ticks (Ixodoidea, Parasitiformes) Ectoparasites of Bats (Chiroptera) in Ukraine. Vestnik zoologii, 37 (6): Chyzer C. & Kulczyński W., Araneae Hungariae. Budapest, 2: Ćurčić B. P. M., Deltshev C., Blagoev G., Ćurčić S. B., Tomić, V., & S. E Makarov, 2000a. On some soil and cave spiders (Aranea: Arachnida) from Serbia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 54 (4), Ćurčić B. P. M., Deltshev C., Makarov, S. E., Karamata O. S. & Tomić V. T., 1999a. First report on some leaf litter spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) from Serbia, Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 51 (1): 15P-16P. Ćurčić B. P. M., Deltshev C., Makarov S.E., Tomić V. T., Ćurčić S. B. & Ćurčić N. B., 1999b. On some leaf-litter spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) from West Serbia, Yugoslavia. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 51 (1): 21P-22P. Ćurčić B. P. M., Deltshev C. & Tomić V., 2000b. On some leaf-litter spiders (Araneae, Arachnida) from Western Serbia, Yugoslavia. Part two. Archives of Biological Sciences, Belgrade, 52 (3): 29P-30P.

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