Keywords: mountains, local communities, conservation, protected areas, Velebit.
|
|
- Bruce Townsend
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Local community and NGOs - acting together in conservation of legally protected areas - case study of SOS Velebit mountain campaign Jagoda Munic 1999 jagoda@rudjer.irb.hr Keywords: mountains, local communities, conservation, protected areas, Velebit. INTRODUCTION Conservation of protected areas is traditionally seen as a task of governmental bodies, park management or other implemented bodies. Local communities are perceived as a body that should be educated how to live with conservation measures, as many of measures interfere with their daily activities and properties. The third party is visitors whose needs collide quite often with those of local community and conservation measures (management bodies). I would call it "TOP to BOTTOM" conservation and/or education, where conservation efforts are lead by management bodies and are aimed to local community and visitors. However, in extreme examples one can observe "BOTTOM to TOP" flow of information and education that in long run may have an influence on management such is in the case presented here. Environmental campaign SOS for the Mt. Velebit, started by efforts of local community of Lukovo Šugarje, when they become aware that their village is one of proposed spots for a coal power plant that Government plans to build on Adriatic shore (2x 350 MW of power). The village itself is situated at the border of the Nature Park (5th IUCN category) and the area is declared as UNESCO World Biosphere Reserve. ABOUT THE MOUNTAIN General features and biodiversity Mt. Velebit, is the biggest mountain of Croatia (more than 145 km in length) and as a part of the Dinaric Alps has an important place in the preserving of biological diversity within Europe. About 2700 plant species can be found on the mountain, and 78 of them are endemic plants. The best known is Degenia velebitica, which can be found in only few spots. Wide spectrum of habitats is present at Velebit, starting from practically virgin forests of spruce and beech to highly degraded rocky landscape, influenced by human impact for several millennia. It is also a natural wall between the
2 Adriatic Sea in the west, and Southwest region of the Great Hungarian Plain in the east. Consequently, on the Adriatic, western side of the mountain Mediterranean and submediterranean flora and fauna can be found, changing to subalpine and alpine flora at the top. On the continental side, both deciduous and coniferous forests can be found. Biological diversity is a result of versatile climate zones, but also due to ice-age periods. Northwest-Southeast direction allowed plant species to move south retiring in front of glaciers and then again back north by the end of the ice age. Under such circumstances, differently than most other mountains in Europe that have acted as natural borders such as Pyrenees and the Alps, Dinaric mountains acted as a natural bridge between north and south, making the Balkan Peninsula a refuge for European species. Today, some of tertiary and quartary relicts can be found here, such as Degenia velebitica and Sibirea croatica, endemic plants of Mt. Velebit. Moreover, the entire karst area served as a refugee for species that have survived underground through ice ages. An example of such species is a worm Marifugia cavatica, a cave dweller. Cultural diversity and history The Velebit Mountain is mentioned in historic documents in year 335 BC in the description of Adriatic coast between towns of Karlobag and Senj by the Greek Skilax. The first man known by name that had passed the mountain was the Roman Emperor Oktavijan (Octavian) in year 35.B.C. Romans were present at Velebit for several centuries, they used the passes Vratnik and Oltari to cross it, but penetrated deeper in the mountain. On the mountain itself is a Roman monument from the first century A. D. It is a law written in stone therefore known among local population as a "Written stone" that arranged use of a spring between the two Japod (Iliric) tribes. Japod culture left some significant archaeological monuments from preroman and roman period, as the Lika-Senj County was the centre of their culture. One of the most peculiar examples is, "Horvatova cave" in the foothills on Mt. Velebit, 200 m deep, with a graveyard and a refuge in the cave. The entrance, 100 m deep pitch was descended in still undetermined way. Arrival of Slavic tribes (Croatians) to the Adriatic coast through Mt. Velebit has been recorded, as well as baptising in Christianity. On the mountain meadows called Jezera, above the village Krasno, a stone altar was found. For this reason, nearby village is named Oltari, as well as Crikvine (rocks in Rožanski kukovi - all at Mt. Velebit). In the XIV Century the region was culturally very developed. Thus the first printing works and the first printed book in Croatian is printed on the foothills of the Mt. Velebit in the Kosinj village that was an important cultural centre of that time. Later the printing works opened in Senj (the second in Croatia).
3 Turks came on the Adriatic coast and had special impact on the region, due to severe battles lead longer than a century and a half. But mountains were natural protection for the local communities, the danger was beyond any rock and stone for the conquers. Hajduks - villains and heroes fought against Turks and were hiding in the mountains. Town Senj was famous after "Uskoci" soldiers that fought against Turks and were known as brave warriors that used the mountain for ambushes. There is a fortress in Senj to remind of that time. A Poet Petar Zoraniæ described and admired to the Velebit in his book "Planine" (Mountains) published in In recent years the area was devastated by the war ( ) when significant number of local population fled. The mountain itself was not populated in the last years due to permanent population emigration, both of economical and political reason, and the same happened to the plains during and after the war. Although after the war some of people returned, the area is poorly developed with high unemployment rate and the most of population is of older age. LAND USE HISTORY In this mountainous region main land use in the past was logging, cattle and sheep keeping and peasant agriculture. As the region is on the crossing between continental and Mediterranean part of Croatia it also served as a transportation zone, mountain passes are known to be used for centuries. In NP Paklenica, sheep and goat keeping was widespread, that caused the degradation of forest cover (At whole mountain that is a buffer zone of the Reserve, forests were intentionally slashed and burned for centuries to provide pastures, but due to sloppy hills, strong winds and rain shadow they have produced barren rocky landscape). However, in the recent years in the NP Paklenica forest cover is recovering due to lack of permanent grazing. DEVELOPMENT Mt. Velebit divides Adriatic coast from the Lika plateau; the first is relatively developed area with tourism as the most important income generating activity. The second is a highland region with low population density, poorly developed in comparison with the coastal regions and heavily damaged during the Homeland War ( ). The mountain divides the two, but could transfer the development of the coastal area inland to minimise visitor pressure form the coast and National Park Plitvice Lakes in vicinity and to spread development more evenly in the region. SOS FOR VELEBIT - a timescale As the local communities become aware of the risk of having a power plant in the village, they asked for help all environmental NGOs and relevant bodies
4 which addresses they were able to find. In the most cases they have got an answer that this is a political decision and a political problem not an environmental and that there is nothing they can do about it! Finally, they reached the NGO Zelena akcija (Green Action) and got a support on 15th March Although they have not got support from the Croatian Mountaineering Association, the biggest club - Croatian Mountaineering Society "Zagreb - Matica" joined the action on 2nd April 1997 that will be crucial for the future development of the campaign. On the 24th April 1997 the action was officially announced on the press conference and the petition against power plant becomes public. On the 21st May the 32,000 people signed the petition against building a power plant and the petition is submitted to the Parliament. 18th June The Parliament accepted the Strategy of Energy development in which Lukovo Šugarje is a proposed place for a coal power plant. 6th August ZA, HMS "Zagreb-Matica" and local community of Lukovo Šugarje submit the case as illegal and unconstitutional (building of Power Plant within a protected area) to the Constitution Court. To alert public even more and educate it about the problem ZA and Croatian Mountaineering Society "Zagreb-Matica" organised "A week of Velebit" (22nd - 28th September 1997) in Zagreb. One week campaign that has included 5 round tables, 10 lectures, photo exhibition, litter cleaning action at Mt. Medvednica next to Zagreb, Games and entertainment at Mt. Medvednica and an Open Air free rock concert; it is estimated that 10,000 people attended the concert, while lectures and round tables gathered approx visitors each. Lectures and round tables were held by 45 scientists and professionals from different fields representing different views to the topic. The campaign was widely represented in media, even on the State TV. 20th November a letter to the President is sent, asking for an audience to submit petition against the Power plant, signed by 71,151 people. 21st March a campaign of tree planting in Lukovo Šugarje at eroded foothills of Mt. Velebit at the place where a coal power plant supposed to be built. 22nd April On the Planet Earth Day, ZA organised demonstration against Power plant in front of hotel in which foreign companies had presentations about project involving coal power plants implementation in Croatia. 21st May Round table discussion at the OTV (independent local television that covers Zagreb area - regarding the topic of new coal power plants in Croatia, the same topic was forbidden to present at the state television a
5 couple of years ago). At the end of the show telephone votes were shown, 1,033 calls were for the plant building, while 13,987 were against. 8th July ZA start action named SOS for Adriatic, spreading the action against a power plant on Adriatic coast. 24th July The Government decided that Lukovo Šugarje is not appropriate place for, building a Coal Power plant. 19th January The president announced that no coal power plant will be built in vicinity of Adriatic coast. The campaign was supported by the following scientific and professional bodies: Community of town Novalja Community of town Karlobag Lika-senj County Town Pag City Council Croatian Forestry Society Academy of Forest Sciences Croatian Meteorological Society Pag Salt Factory Board of National Park Paklenica Town Rijeka City Council PRESSURES During this intensive 2 years long campaign people involved were exposed to all sorts of pressures, the most severe were those to local community - a small community far away from city centres and cut out of information flow. The village Lukovo Šugarje was cut out of electricity very often, once even up to 17 times per day (when is stormy, sunny, windy or whatever weather conditions), including 24 hours at Easter (1997) when they had a celebration in village. Local priest frightened people that the army would make a nuclear dump site in the village if they refuse the coal power plant - suggesting them to choose for the lesser evil out of the two. A member of the local government threatened people that they will not be able to use the mountain pastures for sheep grazing and build houses in the village inside the Park if the area would be better protected.
6 During the "Week of the Velebit" campaign lectures were held in the Cultural and Information Centre in the Zagreb city centre - starting at 5 p.m. every working day (till 10 p.m.), during round table debates and lectures whole street was cut of the electricity every day. The fist lectures were shortened and the rest were held under candlelight and acetylene lamps brought by cavers. Later, in media, the Electricity Company announces that cut off was due to repairing works. Campaign analysis The campaign is unique among environmental campaigns in Croatia because many things happened for the very first time, never before so many people from different backgrounds and societies acted together so coherently. The campaign has had the three main actors: 1. local community (HART) 2. an environmental NGO and scientists (KNOWLADGE) 3. Mountaineering societies (POWER) - for information and petition they have used a network of mountaineering community (long tradition, big number of members...) However, as the mountaineering societies can be defined as NGOs one can note that in among noted stakeholders authority bodies are missing. Only National Park Paklenica (within the borders of nature park Velebit) has had management body at the time although by law the whole protected mountain had to be governed. Thus the conservation efforts flow from the BOTTOM to the TOP, urging the responsible bodies for better protection. (In 1999 the nature park Velebit finally got a management body, and another National Park "North Velebit" is declared in June). The action is of particular importance, because it showed to people that their opinions and actions do matter (for the fist time in the country, with no democratic practice in the recent history, such results is crucial for the future public involvement in environmental actions). In summer 1998 the action split into two less intensive, yet long term phases. 1. SOS for Adriatic - Lead by Green Action (ZA) its aim is to promote environmentally friendly electricity production for the hole coast (solar energy and wind turbines instead coal power plants 2. SOS for Mt. Velebit (ECO VELEBIT?) HPD Zagreb-Matica and ZA - This action should be long term campaign that would co-ordinate and enhance information flow between all stakeholders including management bodies in efforts to offer local communities an alternative way of developing - sustainable.
7 ECO VELEBIT - SUSTAINABLE FUTURE? In effort to present an alternative to classical development of the areas involving constructions of power plants or factories in and around protected areas the campaign is designed to offer long term education and sustainable developments. There are many problems in the area: high unemployment rate, high percentage of elderly population, lack of infrastructure (waterworks and sewage systems), unmanaged dumping sites in the mountainous Karst area and landmines in some parts of the mountain. Several actions have been planned some of started already: 1. mountaineering house and eco-centre in village Lukovo Šugarje 2. new paths - with appropriate marks and education tables 3. developing an information network between all stakeholders Notes to readers The paper was presented at IRNES MEETING, Edale, England, and IUCN Conference, Learning to Sustainable Promoting Understanding in Protected Areas, Losehill hall, England,
FICHE DE PRÉSENTATION DE PROJET TITRE : BOURGAS REGION - FIRE DANCE, BIRDS, NATURE AND SEA PAYS : BULGARIE
FICHE DE PRÉSENTATION DE PROJET TITRE : BOURGAS REGION - FIRE DANCE, BIRDS, NATURE AND SEA PAYS : BULGARIE 1. Background Bourgas region is the most south-eastern part of Bulgaria. It is located on the
More informationBABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS
BABIA GÓRA DECLARATION ON SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN MOUNTAIN AREAS The participants of the International Workshop for CEE Countries Tourism in Mountain Areas and the Convention on Biological Diversity",
More informationAGREEMENT Between Director of the Białowieża National Park, based in Białowieża (Poland) and Director of the National Park Bialowieża Forest, based in Kamieniuki (Belarus) and Head Forester of the Białowieża
More informationTRANSBOUNDARY ASSESSMENT NP PLITVICE LAKES / NP UNA
Ognjen Škunca & Željka Rajković consultants TRANSBOUNDARY ASSESSMENT NP PLITVICE LAKES / NP UNA 3 2 1 The studied TB region natural historical border between Croatian and B&H in the study area defined
More informationThe Croatian Adventure 2018
The Croatian Adventure 2018 Info This scenic cycling tour will take you from Croatia s inland mountain region to the Adriatic coast through five national parks: Risnjak, Northern Velebit, Plitvice Lakes,
More informationForms of Natural Protection in Greece
Forms of Natural Protection in Greece 105 th Primary School of Thessaloniki NATIONAL PARKS AND PROTECTED AREAS The irregular and constantly increasing human intervention in nature and the relentless exploitation
More informationPARTICULARITIES AND THREATS ON THE BIODIVERSITY FROM CROATIA
PARTICULARITIES AND THREATS ON THE BIODIVERSITY FROM CROATIA Associate Professor Ph.D. Andreea BĂLTĂREŢU Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Faculty of Touristic and Commercial Management, Romania
More informationJune 29 th 2015 SOS LEMURS SPECIAL INITIATIVE
June 29 th 2015 SOS LEMURS SPECIAL INITIATIVE 1 SUMMARY FOREWORD...3 SOS LEMURS HELP US SAVE MADAGASCAR S ICONS...3 EMERGENCY ACTION PLAN...4 WHY PROTECT LEMURS?... 4 THE IUCN ACTION PLAN!... 5 GENERAL
More informationCurrent conditions. Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve. No clear idea of speed of deforestation. Deforestion by pollen analysis
Current conditions Most obvious human transformation is cutting of forests Guatemala's Maya Biosphere Reserve An Eco-Friendly Adventure Along the Maya Trails Key ecological roles: repository for biodiversity
More informationThe Geological Pacific Northwest. Wednesday February 6, 2012 Pacific Northwest History Mr. Rice
The Geological Pacific Northwest Wednesday February 6, 2012 Pacific Northwest History Mr. Rice 1 Free Response #2 Please do not simply list the items for this response. Full sentences!!! Minimum of 3-5
More informationSpecial nature reserve and ornithological reserve Scope of implementation (local, Local national)
Example of good practice From a waste disposal area to a protected area: the example of the Tivat salt flats Category Management; education; tourism Organization Centre for bird protection and monitoring
More informationHydropower development in Valbona VALLEY National Park IN Albania
POSITION PAPER MARCH 2017 Hydropower development in Valbona VALLEY National Park IN Albania Hydropower development in Valbona Valley National Park, currently totaling 14 plants, is among the most egregious
More informationSUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMBERÁ INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, CHAGRES NATIONAL PARK, PANAMA
SUSTAINABLE ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE EMBERÁ INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES, CHAGRES NATIONAL PARK, PANAMA Authors: Gerald P. Bauer Natural Resource & Environmental Advisor US Forest Service, International
More informationSpecial animals of the caves of the Kinabatangan need protection!
Special animals of the caves of the Kinabatangan need protection! Limestone and caves Although limestone occupies only a very small fraction of the land area, it harbours disproportionate biodiversity.
More informationLand Use. Grasslands and Rangelands National Parks and Reserves. Thursday, October 9, 14
Land Use Grasslands and Rangelands National Parks and Reserves MANAGING AND SUSTAINING GRASSLANDS Almost half of the world s livestock graze on natural grasslands (rangelands) and managed grasslands (pastures).
More informationA call for support against the plans of the Bulgarian Government to allow unsustainable ski projects in Bulgarian National Parks
Sofia, 25 February 2013 A call for support against the plans of the Bulgarian Government to allow unsustainable ski projects in Bulgarian National Parks Dear friends, We address you with extreme concern
More informationLake Ohrid. our shared responsibilities and benefits. Protecting
Towards strengthened governance of the shared transboundary natural and cultural heritage of the Lake Ohrid region Protecting Lake Ohrid region our shared responsibilities and benefits This publication
More informationBiosphere Reserves of India : Complete Study Notes
Biosphere Reserves of India : Complete Study Notes Author : Oliveboard Date : April 7, 2017 Biosphere reserves of India form an important topic for the UPSC CSE preparation. This blog post covers all important
More information1. Thailand has four biosphere reserves which located in different parts of the country. They are as follows;
Country Report on MAB programme : Kingdom of Thailand The MAB National Committee of Thailand In occasion of 26th Session of the International Co-ordinating Council of the Man and the Biosphere Programme
More informationColorado Life Zone Scavenger Hunt
Colorado Life Zone Scavenger Hunt Below are worksheets created for all the habitats or life zones. They were designed with the intention of breaking the class up into small groups, and having students
More informationTopic At Hand RTM 300. The issue we chose to discuss is tourism and the affects it has on the host communities.
RTM 300 Jenna Ruzicka Brett Estin Ericka Brown Cassie Lazaretto Topic At Hand The issue we chose to discuss is tourism and the affects it has on the host communities. Background Information Tourism is
More information33. Coiba National Park and its Special Zone of Marine Protection (Panama) N 1138 rev)
World Heritage status of the area and the Outstanding Universal Value of the Monarch butterfly migration phenomenon, c) Explore options for the development of non-butterfly related tourism activities;
More informationCountry Report of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea
Country Report of the Democratic People s Republic of Korea (22 nd Session of MAB-ICC) MAB National Committee of the DPRK 2010. 4 1. Activities of the MAB National Committee The DPR Korea MAB National
More informationLetter of Concern for Skadar Lake National Park, Montenegro June 2016
We are writing to share our concerns about proposed commercial development in the Skadar Lake National Park, in Montenegro, which we feel will have severe environmental impact. We are requesting assistance
More informationPhysical Geography of Europe. Chapters 13-18
Physical Geography of Europe Chapters 13-18 The British Isles Archipelago made of 6000+ small islands Temperate climate Largest body of fresh water is Loch Ness Mostly rolling hills and large flat lands
More informationMAPs sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina
MAPs sector in Bosnia and Herzegovina CEDDEM Decembre 2016 Bosnia & Herzegovina Official Name: Bosnia and Herzegovina (BH) Political system: Parliamentary democracy with a bicameral parliament; BH is composed
More informationOverview of Protected Areas Management in Nepal. Hari Bhadra Acharya Under Secretary Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal
Overview of Protected Areas Management in Nepal Hari Bhadra Acharya Under Secretary Department of National Parks and Wildlife Conservation, Nepal July 17, 2014 Contents Contents History of Protected Area
More informationWelcome to the Bükk National Park! András Schmotzer research adviser Bükk National Park, Eger - Hungary
Welcome to the Bükk National Park! András Schmotzer research adviser Bükk National Park, Eger - Hungary Biogeographical Process Meeting on the impact of the common agricultural policy on grassland habitats
More informationSustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286
Sustainable development: 'Lanzarote and the Biosphere strategy'. LIFE97 ENV/E/000286 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data Read more Contact details: Project Manager:
More informationBiosphere Reserve of IRAN. Mehrasa Mehrdadi Department of Environment of IRAN
Biosphere Reserve of IRAN Mehrasa Mehrdadi Department of Environment of IRAN Biodiversity in Iran Comprises a land area of 1.64 million km² The average altitude is over 1200 m, Is bordered by Turkmenistan,
More informationMinistry of Communications and Transport
more than 100,000 houses and other buildings in Bosnia and Herzegovina (May 2014) were no longer fit to use and that over a million people had been cut off from clean water supplies. Ministry of Communications
More informationIPA Cross-Border project "Una - Spring of Life" (Croatia - Bosnia and Herzegovina)
IPA Cross-Border project "Una - Spring of Life" (Croatia - Bosnia and Herzegovina) Prepered by MSc Lamija Abdijevic, Architect Conservator (Expert Advisor at the Institute of Protection of Monuments in
More informationGEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY
GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY YEAR 1, PART 1 www.vicensvives.es Contents 01 Our planet Earth 02 The representation of the Earth: maps 03 The Earth s relief 04 Rivers and seas 05 Weather and climate 06 Climates
More informationMs Hlob sile Sikhosana Meteorological Officer (Climate Change) Swaziland Meteorological Services September 2010
Ms Hlob sile Sikhosana Meteorological Officer (Climate Change) Swaziland Meteorological Services September 2010 Outline Swaziland Background information Climate change programme Awareness campaign Youth
More informationMediterranean Europe
Chapter 17, Section World Geography Chapter 17 Mediterranean Europe Copyright 2003 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ. All rights reserved. Chapter 17, Section
More informationCroatia Holiday Handbook
Croatia Holiday Handbook Discover Croatia s most popular summer destinations HOLIDAYS MADE SIMPLE Chapter 1 Croatia: Intro Croatia is a small but diverse country, stretching between the Mediterranean and
More informationOrder of the Minister of Environment #39, August 22, 2011 Tbilisi
Registration Code 360050000.22.023.016080 Order of the Minister of Environment #39, August 22, 2011 Tbilisi On preparatory stages and procedure of the methodology for Elaborating structure, content and
More informationCaring for our Lake our Future
Caring for our Lake our Future The Management Plan for Lake Shkodra Nature Park A Summary Photo Tonin Macaj This brochure is partly funded by the European Union Lake Shkodra: plentiful nature, long human
More informationDr. Lkhagvasuren Badamjav Leading Scientist, Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of Sciences
Transboundary landscape cooperation in the Altay-Sayan region: experiences and lessons learnt Dr. Lkhagvasuren Badamjav Leading Scientist, Institute of Biology Mongolian Academy of Sciences Stakeholder
More informationSub-regional Meeting on the Caribbean Action Plan for World Heritage November Havana, Cuba DRAFT CONCEPT PAPER
Sub-regional Meeting on the Caribbean Action Plan for World Heritage 2014-2019 26 28 November 2014 Havana, Cuba DRAFT CONCEPT PAPER Background The Final Report on the results of the second cycle of the
More informationInternational Conference on Sustainable Hydropower in the Dinaric Arc 07 Ocober 2009 Hotel Lapad, Dubrovnik, Croatia
International Conference on Sustainable Hydropower in the Dinaric Arc 07 Ocober 2009 Hotel Lapad, Dubrovnik, Croatia 1997 WWF first projects in the region (small grants) 2009 team of 8 people (4 freshwater),
More information1 st DAY:ARRIVAL TO ZAGREB APT SARAJEVO 2 ND DAY: SARAJEVO 3 RD DAY: SARAJEVO MOSTAR - DUBROVNIK
1 st DAY:ARRIVAL TO ZAGREB APT SARAJEVO Arrival to Zagreb airport. Meeting with LDC coach and transfer to Sarajevo. Arrival to hotel, check in and overnight in Sarajevo. 2 ND DAY: SARAJEVO Meeting with
More informationThe Amity Easter Tour Beijing & Shaanxi, April 12-19
The Amity Easter Tour 2013 Beijing & Shaanxi, April 12-19 Shaanxi Province Located in the very heart of China s territory, Shaanxi Province has an area of 205,600 square kilometers, about the size of England
More informationBreakthrough of the Tunnel with the Biggest Overburden in Croatia
289 Breakthrough of the Tunnel with the Biggest Overburden in Croatia Redovnikovi, L., Ališi, I., and Džapo, M. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Geodesy, Fra Andrija Ka i a Mioši a 26, 1 Zagreb, Croatia,
More informationRecreational Carrying Capacity
9 th Annual Caribbean Sustainable Tourism Conference Recreational Carrying Capacity Graham C Barrow What is Recreational Carrying Capacity? It s not about fixing absolute numbers of visitors/tourists that
More informationThe Design of Nature Reserves
The Design of Nature Reserves Goals Maintenance of MVP s for targeted species Maintenance of intact communities Minimization of disease Considerations of reserve design 1. Disturbance regime Fire Insect
More informationClimate Change Response in the Coastal Zone, Tourism
3 rd National Forum on Climate Change 5 7 November 2013, Cambodia Taking Action for Sustainable Development in the Changing Climate Climate Change Response in the Coastal Zone, Tourism Bou Chan Serey Deputy
More informationBrown bear (Ursus arctos) fact sheet
Brown bear (Ursus arctos) fact sheet Biology Status Distribution Management Conservation Biology Size: Reproduction: Diet: Social organisation: Home ranges: Males 140 320 kg/females 100 200 kg Mating:
More informationAII CHAIRMANSHIP OF MONTENEGRO PRIORITIES AND CALENDAR OF EVENTS-
MONTENEGRO MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS ADRIATIC AND IONIAN INITIATIVE CHAIRMANSHIP OF MONTENEGRO JUNE 2018-MAY 2019 AII CHAIRMANSHIP OF MONTENEGRO 2018-2019 -PRIORITIES AND CALENDAR OF EVENTS- Montenegro,
More informationProtected Areas in the Arabian Peninsula
Protected Areas in the Arabian Peninsula Khaldoun Al Omari Abstract. Protected areas help conserve key elements of biodiversity, play a significant role in social and economic development, and embody many
More informationAdriatic Small Group Tour. From $11,490 AUD. Adriatic Small Group Tour May 2017 Guaranteed
From $11,490 AUD Single $13,330 Twin share $11,490 23 days Duration Europe Destination Level 1 - Introductory to Moderate Activity Adriatic Small Group Tour May 2017 Guaranteed - Adriatic Small Group Tour
More informationUses of maritime space and main conflicts related to MSP implementation in Croatia
Uses of maritime space and main conflicts related to MSP implementation in Croatia CROATIA IN FIGURES Basic information (Croatian Bureau of Statistics,211.) Total area: 87 661 km 2 Territorial sea of 12
More informationCarbon Neutralization
Carbon Neutral Carbon Neutralization September/2008 The Instituto H&H Fauser (H & H Fauser Institute) is a non-governmental organization that has for purpose the promotion of the sustainable development,
More informationCountries Of The World: France
Countries Of The World: France By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.26.18 Word Count 681 Level 780L Image 1: A view of the Eiffel Tower in Paris, France. Paris, or, "the city of lights,"
More informationHELLENIC REPUBLIC Voluntary National Review on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. 16 July 2018
HELLENIC REPUBLIC Voluntary National Review on the Implementation of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development 16 July 2018 1 HELLENIC REPUBLIC Voluntary National Review on the Implementation of the
More information4) Data sources and reporting ) References at the international level... 5
D- 1: Protected areas (PA) 1) General description... 2 1.1) Brief definition... 2 1.2) Units of measurement... 2 1.3) Context...2 2) Relevance for environmental policy... 2 2.1) Purpose... 2 2.2) Issue...
More informationFINAL STAG E : 5 T H G R A D E
NAME COURSE SURNAME CENTRE YOUR TEACHER S NAME FINAL STAG E : 5 T H G R A D E 1. Read Danny s diary and complete his timetable. Remember there are extra words! EXTINCT / WATERFALL / VALLEY / PATH / WOOD
More informationLATIN AMERICA / CARIBBEAN COIBA NATIONAL PARK PANAMA
LATIN AMERICA / CARIBBEAN COIBA NATIONAL PARK PANAMA WORLD HERITAGE NOMINATION IUCN TECHNICAL EVALUATION COIBA NATIONAL PARK (PANAMA) ID Nº 1138 Bis Background note: Coiba National Park was nominated for
More informationEurope s Living Heart
Europe s Living Heart Preserving biodiversity in South Eastern Europe using EU standards June 2008 2 Project title: Europe s Living Heart. Preserving Bosnia and Herzegovina s natural heritage using EU
More information6. Involving the local population in park management. 7. Involving local NGO s and researchers in park activities and management.
TROPICAL PLANT EXPLORATION GROUP (TroPEG) -CAMEROON Reg. No. 03/G40/606/AR/BASC/SP P.O Box 18, Mundemba. SWR, Cameroon E mail: tropeg.cam@gmail.com, tropeg_cam@yahoo.com Blog: tropegcam.blogspot.com, Website:
More informationCitânia de Briteiros Cultura Castreja Museum
One of the most evocative archaeological sites in Portugal, Citânia de Briteiros, 15km north of Guimarães, is the largest of a liberal scattering of northern Celtic hill settlements, called citânias (fortified
More informationOnline Application Form
EUROPARC Federation - Membership Application Form *Required Please note this is only a reference document. The application form must be submitted online: Online Application Form Thank you for joining the
More informationENVSEC in June Kosovo UN administered territory under UN Security Council resolution 1244/99 Montenegro and potentially also Serbia.
International Conference on Transboundary Cooperation in the Dinaric Arc 29 June 2010, Capljina, Bosnia and Herzegovina Key findings of UNEP feasibility study on the proposed transboundary protected t
More informationThe Rufford Small Grants Foundation Final Report
The Rufford Small Grants Foundation Final Report Congratulations on the completion of your project that was supported by The Rufford Small Grants Foundation. We ask all grant recipients to complete a Final
More informationTOWARDS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MARINE AND COASTAL HABITATS ASIA- PACIFIC DAY FOR THE OCEAN
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF MARINE AND COASTAL HABITATS WANNAKIAT THUBTHIMSANG PHUKET MARINE BIOLOGICAL CENTER, DMCR, THAILAND ASIA- PACIFIC DAY FOR THE OCEAN 20 NOVEMBER 2018, CONFERENCE ROOM 4,
More informationProtected Areas & Ecotourism
Protected Areas & Ecotourism IUCN Best Practice Guidelines, tools & protected area/ecotourism highlights from around the world Kathy Zischka, Director Annual General Meeting Australian 2 November Committee
More informationChapter 4. Daily Focus Skills
Chapter 4 Daily Focus Skills Chapter 4 On a historical map of the ancient Mediterranean area, locate Greece and trace the boundaries of its influence to 300 BC/BCE. Explain how the geographical location
More informationUNESCO s World Heritage Program California Current Conservation Complex
Office of National Marine Sanctuaries National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration UNESCO s World Heritage Program California Current Conservation Complex William Douros Regional Director NOAA's Office
More informationHIGH-END ECOTOURISM AS A SUSTAINABLE LAND USE OPTION IN RURAL AFRICA:
HIGH-END ECOTOURISM AS A SUSTAINABLE LAND USE OPTION IN RURAL AFRICA: THE ROLE OF EMPLOYMENT IN POVERTY REDUCTION & SOCIAL WELFARE Sue Snyman, March 2011 sues@wilderness.co.za INTRODUCTION Rural Communities
More informationThe sunny peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea Self-guided tour 8 days /7 nights
hikeholiday The sunny peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea Self-guided tour 8 days /7 nights Description Starting point for this hiking tour is Trieste, the former Habsburg seaport seated at the foothills
More informationVaried Lands and Varied Resources Chapter 9 Lesson 1
Varied Lands and Varied Resources Chapter 9 Lesson 1 16 independent countries make up region of Europe From in north to Balkan Peninsula in south Eastern Europe four separate sub regions Western Balkans
More informationWWF Riau s camera trap survey in progress
Tiger Conservation December 2004 WWF Riau s camera trap survey in progress Ten sets of DeerCams were donated to WWF s Tiger Project in Riau last December to be used in Bukit Tigapuluh-Tesso Nilo Landscape.
More informationManagement of national park directorates in Hungary, land purchase
Management of national park directorates in Hungary, land purchase SK-HU Working Group on Nature Conservation and Landscape Protection Dunajská Streda, 27 February 2018 András Schmidt Deputy Head of Department
More informationIsrael s Mediterranean Coast: Public Awareness and the NGOs Activities
Israel s Mediterranean Coast: Public Awareness and the NGOs Activities I N B A L K O R E N - R E I S N E R S P N I M A R E N O S T R U M, V O L O S, J U L Y, 2 0 1 3 SPNI the Society for the Protection
More informationAim: How did geography impact the development of classical Greece?
Aim: How did geography impact the development of classical Greece? Do Now: Making Predictions- View ALL images on your worksheet/screen and answer the following questions: 1.List the different types of
More informationEffect of Geography on Ancient Greece. Chapter 4-1
Effect of Geography on Ancient Greece Chapter 4-1 Greek Geography Greece is a peninsula that is covered by many mountains. Geography Continued. It is located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea. The
More informationNo Activities Deadlines Responsible 1.
PLAN of events for participation in 2011 celebrations dedicated to 40 th anniversary of Convention on Wetlands of international importance especially as water fowl habitat APPROVED Deputy Prime Minister
More information9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OIL & GAS < and primary energy >
www.hunig.hr 9th INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION OIL & GAS < and primary energy > CROATIAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS 3 4 October 2017 Šibenik - Hotel Solaris 1st ANNOUNCEMENT
More informationWelcome. Sustainable Eco-Tourism in the face of Climate Change. Presented by Jatan Marma
Welcome Sustainable Eco-Tourism in the face of Climate Change Presented by Jatan Marma Definition Sustainable Development: is a process to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability
More informationActions for the recovery of the Atlantic Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) population LIFE96 NAT/E/003144
Actions for the recovery of the Atlantic Monk Seal (Monachus monachus) population LIFE96 NAT/E/003144 Project description Environmental issues Beneficiaries Administrative data Read more Contact details:
More informationIndonesian Ecotourism Network Jl. Jatipadang IA No.8 Jakarta Phone: ( ) INDONESIA
Indonesian Ecotourism Network Jl. Jatipadang IA No.8 Jakarta 12540 Phone: (62-21-781.3712) indecon@cbn.net.id INDONESIA Visitor Impact Management in Bodogol Conservation Education Center, Gunung Gede Pangrango
More informationMONTENEGRO EXPLORER 7 days
7 days Countries visited Montenegro Tour Highlights Ottoman architecture of Podgorica Spectacular Tara gorge See the Monastery Ostrog perched on the cliffs The pretty Riviera town of udva Sample Njegusi's
More informationECOREGIONAL ASSESSMENT EQUATORIAL PACIFIC EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
ECOREGIONAL ASSESSMENT EQUATORIAL PACIFIC The Nature Conservancy, Fundación Agua, EcoCiencia, Fundación Jatun Sacha, CDC Ecuador, CDC UNALM 2004. Portafolio de Sitios Prioritarios para la Conservación
More informationLAKE OHRID. Our Lake, Our Future. World Heritage Supplement
LAKE OHRID Our Lake, Our Future World Heritage Supplement Photo IUCN / T.Pezold to the Management Plan for the Pogradec Protected Landscape (Albanian side of Lake Ohrid) A Summary The Lake Ohrid region
More informationCommunity-based tourism at Gunung Halimun National Park
Asia-Pacific Environmental Innovation Strategies (APEIS) Research on Innovative and Strategic Policy Options (RISPO) Good Practices Inventory Community-based tourism at Gunung Halimun National Park Summary
More informationParticipatory Protected Area Management in Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica A protected area with people
Participatory Protected Area Management in Barra del Colorado Wildlife Refuge, Costa Rica A protected area with people Julio Jurado Fernández Executive Director National System of Conservation Areas Ministry
More informationCharter communication in Nature Park Medvednica. Sunčana Završki Dominković, Snježana Malić-Limari Public Institution Nature Park Medvednica
Charter communication in Nature Park Medvednica Sunčana Završki Dominković, Snježana Malić-Limari Public Institution Nature Park Medvednica Medvednica Nature Park Medvednica Nature Park ID-current state
More informationCongratulations on the completion of your project that was supported by The Rufford Foundation.
The Rufford Foundation Final Report Congratulations on the completion of your project that was supported by The Rufford Foundation. We ask all grant recipients to complete a Final Report Form that helps
More informationOUTDOOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES
Victorian Certificate of Education 2002 SUPERVISOR TO ATTACH PROCESSING LABEL HERE Figures Words STUDENT NUMBER Letter OUTDOOR AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Written examination Monday 18 November 2002 Reading
More informationMedulin Bay in Late Antiquity Antique and Late Antique Site of Vižula near Medulin, Croatia
Medulin Bay in Late Antiquity Antique and Late Antique Site of Vižula near Medulin, Croatia Kristina Džin, International Research Centre for Archaeology Brijuni Medulin Ivo Pilar Institute, Zagreb p.p.
More informationABC o EU i Natura 2000
ABC o EU i Natura 2000 WWF Mediterranean Dr. Deni Porej Director of Conservation WWF Mediterranean WWF in the Mediterranean WWF France Dinaric Arc Prj Teams Portugal Prj Team Capacity Building Fisheries
More information2012. Proceedings of the 11 European Geoparks Conference. AGA Associação Geoparque Arouca, Arouca, 5-6.
References to this volume It is suggested that either the following alternatives should be used for future bibliographic references to the whole or part this volume: th Sá, A.A., Rocha, D., Paz, A. & Correia,
More informationTourism and Wetlands
CONVENTION ON WETLANDS (Ramsar, Iran, 1971) 43 rd Meeting of the Standing Committee Gland, Switzerland, 31 October 4 November 2011 DOC. SC43-27 Tourism and Wetlands Action requested. The Standing Committee
More informationNature Conservation and Regional Development in Floodplains and Wetlands in the Central and Lower Danube River Basin
Nature Conservation and Regional Development in Floodplains and Wetlands in the Central and Lower Danube River Basin Project Manager: Dr. Johann Schreiner Project Coordination: Dr. Katrin Heuer, Dr. Martina
More informationRivers of the World. The Nile. The Rhine
The Nile The Nile is traditionally considered to be the longest river in the world. It is 4132 miles (6650 km) long that s nearly seven times the distance from John o Groats at the top of Scotland to Land
More informationInternational Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources
- 156 - APPENDIX XIX International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources 1110 Morges, Switzerland RESOLUTIONS ADOPTED BY THE TENTH GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF IUCN New Delhi, India, 1 December
More informationWorkshop 14 The Wilderness Value in Protected Areas. Laponia, World Heritage Site
Workshop 14 The Wilderness Value in Protected Areas Laponia, World Heritage Site Anna von Sydow Swedish Environmental protection Agency Naturvårdsverket Swedish Environmental Protection Agency 2014-10-08
More informationConservation Partners for the National Reserve System Program: a Western NSW focus
Conservation Partners for the National Reserve System Program: a Western NSW focus Cooper, N. 1, Webber, L. 2, Nicolson, K. 3 1 Department of Environment, Climate Change and Water NSW, PO Box 788 Broken
More informationBalkan Lynx Recovery Programme NEWSLETTER 02/2011
Balkan Lynx Recovery Programme NEWSLETTER 02/2011 First picture of a Balkan lynx in Albania Results from the camera-trapping surveys in 2011 The Balkan lynx team managed to picture the first lynx in Albania
More informationGeography. Greece s Physical Geography is: Peninsula (water on three sides) The Peloponnesus. Mountainous Terrain (see Map dark green)
Grapes Greece Geography Greece s Physical Geography is: Peninsula (water on three sides) The Peloponnesus Mountainous Terrain (see Map dark green) Extends into the Aegean Sea Includes over 2,000 Islands
More information