Cruise ports: Challenges and the potential of EU initiatives. The Jean Monnet Symposium on the Future of European Port Policy.

Transcription

1 #EPPSymposium2018 The Jean Monnet Symposium on the Future of European Port Policy Cruise ports: Challenges and the potential of EU initiatives Thanos Pallis & Aimilia Papachristou Dept. of Shipping, Trade and Transport University of the Aegean June Chios, Greece

2 Why this study? Questions to be answered: 1. Which are the challenges & problems that cruise ports face? 2. Do regional perspectives exist (i.e. sub-groups of European groups that face diverge challenges): Is there a North vs South dimension? 3. Explore whether some other parameters, such as governance (PA vs TO) and size affect the challenges The scope: To inform policy develop common stance(s) when needed Allow the industry to benchmark - learn from others Develop common stance(s) when needed

3 Deployment shares of distinctive cruise markets (2017)

4 Sample 73 Mediterranean & adjoining seas 39 West Europe 12 Adriatic 16 East Med 6 Black Sea 75 North European ports 16 Baltic 17 UK & Ireland 24 Atlantic Europe ports Iceland, Norway, Faroes

5 Mediterranean cruise ports 58,9% Port Authority 43% (PA) that operates cruise terminal(s) 20,5% Port Authority (PA) that does not operate cruise terminal(s) 21,3% 74 ports 33 transit ports 41 ports with turnaround 20,5% Port Terminal Operator (PTO) that operates cruise terminal(s) 0% Other entity

6 North European cruise ports 43,2% Port Authority (PA)that operates cruise terminal(s) 73 43% 21,3% 33,8% Port Authority that does not operate cruise terminal(s) ports 44 transit ports 29 ports with turnaround 8,1% Port Terminal Operator (PTO) that operates cruise terminal(s) 14,9% Other entity (Tourism boards, Chamber of commerce, committees, etc)

7 #EPPSymposium2018 Challenges to be addressed All ports June Chios, Greece

8 Major challenges (All ports; scale 0-5) N Mean Std. Deviation Relationship with the cruise lines 130 3, Bigger cruise ships (in size) 128 3, Relationship with people & businesses around the port 128 3, Exploiting the potential of winter cruising 130 2, Relationship with the city & local authorities 131 2, Transport infrastructure to/ from the port 130 2, A low standard deviation means that most of the numbers are very close to the average. A high standard deviation means that the numbers are spread out.

9 Secondary challenges (All ports; scale 0-5) N Mean Std. Deviation Competition with other (neighbouring) cruise ports 128 2, Connectivity of the destination with source markets 130 2, Infrastructure (other than transport) in the port 127 2, Security 128 2, Mobility to & from the port 128 2, People with reduced mobility 130 2, Development of other regions as new cruise destinations 129 2, Relationship with the travel agents 129 2, Becoming a homeport 130 2,

10 Of lower importance (All ports; scale 0-5) Other environmental externalities (noise, air quality, dust...) N Mean Std. Deviation 131 2, Passenger rights 129 2, Lack of coordination with other ports 130 2, Meeting legislation (International/National/Regional/Local) 135 2, Transport congestion (public & private) around the port 128 2, Customs/ border control 130 2, Freight vs cruise relationship in port 132 2, Ship congestion in the port 128 2, Waste reception 128 2,

11 Relationships with cruise lines: key challenges (All ports; scale 0-5) N Mean Std. Deviation Shore excursions 129 2, Long time engagement 127 2, Taxi and other public transport availability 129 2, Cancelation of calls 132 2, Port tariffs 143 2,

12 Relationships with cruise lines: of lower importance (All ports; scale 1-5) N Mean Std. Deviation Lack of cooperation when scheduling/ planning itineraries 129 2, Pressures for berth allocation 130 2, Other port services (mooring, MARPOL reception...) 130 2, Emissions limitations 128 2, Frequently changing demands by cruise lines 129 1, Operational coordination (visa procedures, electronic services, etc) 130 1, Suppliers 130 1, Shore electricity supply 128 1, Pilotage 129 1, Confusion in responsibilities 129 1, Other 26 0,

13 #EPPSymposium2018 Challenges to be addressed Regional perspectives June Chios, Greece

14 Major challenges: Is there a regional dimension? Challenges The South The North Mean Std. Deviation Mean Std. Deviation Relationship with cruise lines 3, , Relationship with people & businesses around the ports 3, , Exploiting the potential of winter cruising 3, , Relationship with the city of arrival & local authorities 3, Bigger cruise ships (size) 3, , Security 3, Infrastructure (other than transport) in the port 3, Connectivity of the destination with source markets 3, Transport infrastructure to and from the port 3, , Becoming a homeport 3, People with reduced mobility 3, Competition with other (neighbouring) cruise ports 3, #EPPSymposium June-Chios, Greece

15 Cruise lines challenges: Is there a regional dimension? The South Mean Std. Deviation Shore excursions 2, Cancelation of calls 2, Port tariffs 2, Long time engagement 2, Taxi and other public transport availability Lack of cooperation when scheduling/ planning itineraries 2, , The North Mean Std. Deviation Shore excursions 2, Taxi and other public transport availability 2, Long time engagement 2, Cancelation of calls 2, Pressures for berth allocation Lack of cooperation when scheduling/ planning itineraries 2, , #EPPSymposium June-Chios, Greece

16 #EPPSymposium2018 Challenges to be addressed Does governance matter? (PA vs TO perspectives) June Chios, Greece

17 Major Challenges: Does governance matter? Port Authority that operates cruise terminal(s) Port Authority that does not operate cruise terminal(s) Private terminal operator Other (chambers of commerce; tourism boards etc..) Security 3,56 3,03 2,79 2,50 Other environmental externalities (noise, air quality, dust...) 3,48 3,50 2,56 1,90 Relationship with people and businesses around the ports 3,21 2,16 3,37 3,75 Transport congestion (public and private) around the port 3,09 2,50 2,17 1,50 Relationship with the city of arrival and local authorities 3,07 3,09 3,00 3,38 Competition with other (neighbouring) cruise ports 3,04 2,28 2,79 2,38 Mobility to and from the port 2,96 2,16 2,68 2,25 Development of other regions as new cruise destinations 2,91 2,19 2,26 1,70 Relationship with travel agents 2,90 2,23 2,32 1,75 Passenger rights 2,87 2,09 2,00 1,13 Becoming a homeport 2,87 2,15 2,67 2,13 Connectivity of the destination with source markets 2,80 2,72 2,68 2,25 Lack of coordination with other neighbouring ports 2,76 2,69 2,78 2,38 Exploiting the potential of winter cruising 2,70 2,13 2,89 2,50 Bigger cruise ships (in size) 2,70 2,75 2,84 2,50 Relationship with cruise lines 2,01 1,78 2,95 3,00 #EPPSymposium June-Chios, Greece

18 Challenges with cruise lines: Does governance matter? Port Authority that operates cruise terminal(s) Port Authority that does not operate cruise terminal(s) Private terminal operator Other (chambers of commerce; tourism boards etc..) Shore excursions 3,06 2,55 2,22 2,88 Long time engagement 2,88 2,26 2,33 3,00 Taxi and other public transport availability 2,80 2,30 2,11 2,50 Cancelation of calls 2,79 2,12 2,00 3,11 Port tariffs 2,54 2,05 2,55 3,33 Lack of cooperation when scheduling/ planning itineraries 2,45 2,03 2,67 2,75 Emissions limitations 2,33 1,73 2,06 2,38 Pressures for berth allocation 2,31 1,70 2,83 2,38 #EPPSymposium June-Chios, Greece

19 #EPPSymposium2018 Challenges to be addressed Exploring the importance of other parameters: size of cruise ports* June Chios, Greece * Lessons from the Med

20 Major Challenges: Big vs Small ports Small Ports (less than pax) Big Ports (more than pax) Relationship with the cruise lines 4,00 3,43 Relationship with people and businesses around the ports 3,45 3,14 The relationship with the travel agents 3,27 2,68 The relationship with the city of arrival and local authorities 3,12 3,18 Security 3,12 3,14 Bigger cruise ships (in size) 3,06 3,29 People with reduced mobility 3,03 2,97 The competition with other (neighbouring) cruise ports 3,00 2,97 The mobility to and from the port 3,00 2,68 Transport infrastructure to and from the port 2,97 3,16 Infrastructure (other than transport) in the port 2,91 3,30 Exploiting the potential of winter cruising 2,79 3,66 Connectivity of the destination with source markets 2,79 3,24 The development of other regions as new cruise destinations 2,72 3,14 Becoming a homeport 2,70 3,26

21 Challenges with cruise lines (big vs small ports) less than more than Long time engagement 2,94 2,68 Lack of cooperation when scheduling/ planning itineraries 2,81 2,53 Shore excursions 2,67 3,05 Taxi and other public transport availability 2,67 2,55 Cancelation of calls 2,64 3,05 Other port services (mooring, MARPOL reception...) 2,64 2,42 Port tariffs 2,39 3,21 Pressures for berth allocation 1,82 2,68

22 Concluding remarks What does the comparison tell us? Three (3) key challenges to be addressed: 1. Relationship with the cruise lines 2. Bigger cruise ships (in size) 3. Relationship with people & businesses around the port Three (3) other major challenges: 1. Exploiting the potential of winter cruising 2. Relationship with the city & local authorities 3. Transport infrastructure to/ from the port Different approaches do exist: Cruise ports in the South feel (more) the pressure of different (and more) challenges than cruise ports in the North

23 Concluding remarks What does the comparison tell us? Governance structures do matter: Different players face different pressures: Port Authorities vs. Terminal Operators Port Authorities vs non-operating Port Authorities Cruise ports size (i.e. number of passengers hosted per year) does matter: Big vs Small ports Safe to conclude that Any intention to further develop the idle European policy to advance sustainable cruise growth needs first a thorough discussion between stakeholders and various actors It would be difficult to endorse a one size fits all policy approach