Annual Range Complex Exercise Report. 2 August 2009 to 1 August 2010

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1 Prepared for and submitted to: Prepared by: National Marine Fisheries ervice Office of Protected Resources Department of the Navy In accordance with the Letter of Authorization under the MMPA and IT authorization under the EA Annual Range Complex Exercise Report 2 August 2009 to 1 August For The U.. Navy s outhern California (OCAL) Range Complex and Hawaii Range Complex (HRC) 1 October

2 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October TABLE OF CONTENT OUTHERN CALIFORNIA RANGE COMPLEX INTRODUCTION... 2 (1) OCAL MFA/HFA Major Training Exercises (i) Exercise information... 4 (ii) Individual marine mammal sighting information by exercise... 5 (iii) Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of effectiveness (2) OCAL AW ummary (i) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source (ii) Cumulative Impact Report (3) OCAL INKEX (4) OCAL IEER ummary (5) OCAL Explosives ummary HAWA RANGE COMPLEX INTRODUCTION (1) HRC MFA/HFA Major Training Exercises (i) Exercise information (ii) Individual marine mammal sighting information by exercise (iii) Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of effectiveness (2) HRC AW ummary (i) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source (ii) Total sonar hours (dense humpback areas) (iii) Total sonar hours (humpback whale cautionary area) (iv) Cumulative Impact Report (3) HRC INKEX (4) HRC IEER/AEER ummary (5) HRC Explosives ummary

3 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OUTHERN CALIFORNIA RANGE COMPLEX INTRODUCTION The U.. Navy prepared this Annual Range Complex Exercise Report covering the period from 2 August 2009 to 1 August in compliance with the National Marine Fisheries ervice (NMF) Final Rule under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) for the outhern California Range Complex (OCAL) and the Hawaii Range Complex (HRC) (NMF 2009). In the OCAL Range Complex Letter of Authorization Requirements for monitoring and reporting, the following report subsections were specified and are present within this report for the OCAL Range Complex: (1) Mid-Frequency Active onar (MFA)/High-Frequency Active onar (HFA) Major Training Exercises (MTE). (i) (ii) (iii) Exercise information (for each MTE). Individual marine mammal sighting information (for each MTE). Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of effectiveness of mitigation measures designed to avoid exposing marine mammals to MFA. This evaluation shall identify the specific observations that support any conclusion the Navy reaches about the effectiveness of the mitigation. (2) Anti-submarine Warfare (AW) ummary (i) (ii) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source Cumulative Impact Report (3) inking Exercises (INKEX) (4) Improved Extended Echo Ranging (IEER) ummary (5) Explosives ummary (i) (ii) Total annual number of each type of explosive exercises Total annual expended/detonated rounds for each explosive type This Annual Report covers the period from 2 August 2009 to 1 August, and the information represents the best practical data collection for this period. Due to the data collection and reporting timeline differing from the actual LOA dates, exercise data from 2 August 2009 to 19 January falls under the 2009 OCAL Letter of Authorization, while exercise data from 20 January to 1 August falls under the OCAL Letter of Authorization. In an effort to provide a better representation of annual exercise data for the OCAL Range Complex, the Navy has combined all exercise data from 2 August 2009 to 1 August and compared it to the annual allocations provided in the OCAL Letter of Authorization. This representation of annual exercise data shall be repeated in future Annual Reports. To provide accounting for the entire five year period of the authorization, the Navy will also submit a final report at the end of the five years to provide comprehensive totals of authorized usage. Finally, on review of accumulated reporting metrics, the Navy has determined that certain portions become classified by their summary. Information designated as classified in this report will be submitted to NMF in a separate classified appendix to this report. 2

4 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (1) OCAL MFA/HFA Major Training Exercises This section summarizes authorized sonar use and marine mammal observations from the MTEs conducted within the OCAL Range Complex between 2 August 2009 and 1 August. For OCAL, MTEs include hip Anti-ubmarine Warfare Readiness and Evaluation Measuring (HAREM), ustainment Exercises (UTEX), Integrated Anti ubmarine Warfare Course Phase (2), Composite Training Unit Exercises (COMPTUEX), and Joint Task Forces Exercises (JTFEX). There were a total of five MTEs within the OCAL Range Complex between 2 August 2009 and 1 August. Exercise specific details as described in the OCAL Final Rule (DoN 2009b) (f)(1)i-iii and LOA include: (i) Exercise Information (for each MTE) (ii) Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information (for each MTE) (iii) Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of the effectiveness of mitigation measures designed to avoid exposing marine mammals to MFA. This evaluation shall identify the specific observations that support any conclusions the Navy reaches about the effectiveness of the mitigation. 3

5 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (i) Exercise information Table 1-i-1. MTEs conducted in the OCAL Range Complex. (i) Exercise (ii) Date (iii) Locations (iv) # and types of active sources used (iv)a Q-53 (iv)b Q-56 (iv)c BQQ-5/10 (iv)d AQ-13F (iv)e AQ-22 (iv)f DICA (iv)g LQ-25 Nixie (v) # and types of passive sources used (v)a Q-53 (v)b Q-56 (v)c QR-19 (v)d BQQ-5/10 (iv)e AQ-22 (iv)d AQ-13F (v)e DIFAR onobuoys (vi) # and types of vessels and aircraft participating CG DDG FFG H-60F/R dipping helo H-60B non-dipping helo ubmarines P-3C MPRA Non-AW surface ships (vii) Total hours of observation by watchstanders (hrs) (viii) Total hours of all active sonar (ix) Total hours ea. active source UTEX NOV 2009 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 6,643 * * * * * * * * 11, 3, MAR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 5,103 * * * * * * * * 13, 1, 6 17 MAR 2 APR * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 2 5,190 * * * * * * * * 6,1, MAY * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 6,1,4 ** 23 JUL 12 AUG * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 4 8,640 * * * * * * * * 6,1,3 UTEX=ustainment Exercise; =Integrated AW Course (Phase ); =Composite Training Exercise (ix)a Q-53 (ix)b Q-56 (ix)c BQQ-5/10 (ix)d AQ-13F (ix)e AQ-22 (ix)f DICA (ix)g LQ-25 Nixie (x) Wave height (high, low, and average) (ft) =OCAL Range Complex *Information is contained in the classified appendix to this report. ** ended 12 AUG. Data collected from 23 1 August is presented in this report. Data from 2 12 August will be included in the 2011 Annual Exercise Report. 4

6 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (ii) Individual marine mammal sighting information by exercise Table 1-ii-1. OCAL MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: UTEX Nov (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL pinniped 20 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 5 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL dolphin 1 n VI DDG 1 n na OCAL whale 1 n VI n >2000 na OCAL whale 1 n VI FFG n >2000 na OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 1 DDG 1 na OCAL dolphin 2 VI DDG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI CG n <200 na OCAL dolphin 100 n VI Helo n >2000 na =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course 5

7 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-ii-2. OCAL MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: 9-11 Mar. (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n na blowing OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG n 2000 na blowing OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n 200 na swimming OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n na blowing OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG n na swimming OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n ship maneuvered na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na floating OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n 1000 na blowing OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n na blowing OCAL dolphin 5 n VI FFG n na OCAL dolphin 100 n VI FFG n na moving west to east OCAL dolphin 12 n VI CG n 2000 na OCAL whale 1 n VI CG n >2000 na 6

8 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 6 n VI FFG n >2000 na OCAL dolphin 3 n VI DDG Y dB; ship maneuvered OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL whale 2 n VI FFG Y >2000 OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y secured sonar; ship maneuvered OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL DDG Y dB OCAL whale 1 n VI FFG Y >2000 dolphin 045 from ship, ship crs 239, dolphin opening ship whale 260 from ship, ship crs 319, whale opening ship whale 140 from ship, ship crs 312, whale opening ship dolphin 060 from ship, ship crs 263, dolphin opening ship whale 045 from ship, ship crs 266, whale direction animal bearing, ship crs 274, animal direction whale 030 from ship, ship crs 332, whale direction OCAL whale 1 n VI FFG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y dB OCAL pinniped 8 n VI FFG Y <200 secured sonar whale 040 from ship, ship crs 235, whale opening ship pinniped 090 from ship, ship crs 076, pinniped closing ship tacking to open ship 7

9 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL dolphin 10 n VI FFG n na OCAL whale 6 n VI FFG n na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI CG Y secured sonar; ship maneuvered dolphin 330 from ship, ship crs 049, dolphin opening ship OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na blowing OCAL whale 16 n VI FFG n na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI FFG n na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI FFG n na OCAL dolphin 20 n VI DDG n <200 na swimming OCAL dolphin 6 n VI DDG n na swimming OCAL dolphin 10 n VI FFG n 2000 na =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course 8

10 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-ii-3. OCAL MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: 17 Mar 2 Apr. (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship 2 4 na na OCAL dolphin 20 n VI non-aw ship na OCAL dolphin 3 n VI non-aw ship na OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na na na OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na >2000 na spouting and blowing OCAL dolphin 6 n VI DDG n na paralleling OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y OCAL dolphin 8 n VI non-aw ship na dB whale 080 from ship, ship crs 093, whale paralleling ship paralleling, CPA at 800yds off port beam na OCAL whale 2 n VI non-aw ship na >2000 na closing and blowing 9

11 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 20 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na OCAL whale 2 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 5 Y VI non-aw ship na <200 na OCAL dolphin 6 n VI non-aw ship 4 8 na na OCAL dolphin 8 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na OCAL dolphin 15 Y VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 8 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL whale 1 VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 10 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 8 Y VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 30 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na OCAL whale 3 n VI non-aw ship na na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na OCAL dolphin 30 n VI FFG Y >2000 secured sonar =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course dolphin 345 from ship, ship crs 015, dolphin opening ship 10

12 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-ii-4. OCAL MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: May. (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior OCAL dolphin 10 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 3 Y dB 6dB dolphin 070 from ship, ship crs 109, dolphin closing ship whale 290 from ship, ship crs 121, whale direction unk OCAL dolphin 10 n VI CG n na OCAL dolphin 10 n VI DDG Y secured sonar dolphin 320 from ship, ship crs 210, dolphin closing ship OCAL dolphin 20 n VI CG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y >2000 whale 245 from ship, ship crs 276, whale paralleling ship 11

13 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 8 Y >2000 secured sonar 6dB dolphin 245 from ship, ship crs 269, dolphin closing ship whale 290 from ship, ship crs 279, whale closing ship OCAL whale 1 n VI CG n na OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL pinniped 1 n VI DDG Y secured sonar 6dB OCAL pinniped 1 n VI DDG Y <200 OCAL dolphin 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL dolphin 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n <200 secured sonar delayed MFA whale 300 from ship, ship crs 040, whale closing ship pinniped 110 from ship, ship crs 089, pinniped paralleling ship pinniped 050 from ship, ship crs 144, pinniped paralleling ship dolphin 050 from ship, ship crs 144, dolphin opening ship dolphin bearing, ship crs 145, dolphin direction na 12

14 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n <200 na OCAL pinniped 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y <200 OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 2 n VI CG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 7 2 unk Y OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y secured sonar pinniped bearing, ship crs 145, pinniped direction na secured sonar secured sonar secured sonar 6dB dolphin 045 from ship, ship crs 181, dolphin direction whale 175 from ship, ship crs 116, whale direction whale 290 from ship, ship crs 303, whale direction whale 356 from ship, ship crs 055, whale direction whale 275 from ship, ship crs 231, whale direction whale 293 from ship, ship crs 266, whale direction OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL dolphin 3 n VI CG n <200 na 13

15 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL pinniped 1 n VI CG n na OCAL dolphin 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL dolphin 100 n ACO DDG n dB dolphin 230 from ship, ship crs 338, dolphin direction na OCAL dolphin 5 n VI CG n na OCAL dolphin 20 n ACO DDG n OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y OCAL pinniped 8 n VI DDG Y na 10dB 10dB whale 080 from ship, ship crs 201, whale direction pinniped 080 from ship, ship crs 201, pinniped direction OCAL dolphin 10 n VI CG n na OCAL dolphin 10 n VI DDG Y <200 OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y OCAL dolphin 50 n VI DDG Y secured sonar 6dB dolphin 235 from ship, ship crs 211, dolphin paralleling ship dolphin 190 from ship, ship crs, dolphin direction dolphin 290 from ship, ship crs 160, dolphin direction 14

16 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL pinniped 1 n VI CG n na OCAL generic ACO DDG 7 Y unk animal 154 from ship, ship crs 256, animal direction OCAL pinniped 1 n VI CG n na OCAL dolphin 3 n VI CG n <200 na OCAL generic ACO DDG 3 Y OCAL generic ACO DDG 2 Y OCAL generic ACO DDG 7 Y OCAL generic ACO DDG 7 Y OCAL dolphin 1 n VI DDG Y OCAL generic ACO DDG Y animal 344 from ship, ship crs 255, animal direction animal 212 from ship, ship crs 255, animal direction animal 255 from ship, ship crs 256, animal direction animal 199 from ship, ship crs 256, animal direction dolphin 070 from ship, ship crs 175, dolphin paralleling ship animal 109 from ship, ship crs 178, animal direction bowriding 15

17 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL generic ACO DDG Y OCAL dolphin 4 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI CG Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y OCAL dolphin 3 n VI DDG n OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course secured sonar secured sonar 10dB, then secured sonar 6dB animal 277 from ship, ship crs 270, animal direction dolphin 190 from ship, ship crs 258, dolphin direction whale 040 from ship, ship crs 310, whale paralleling ship whale 020 from ship, ship crs 006, whale direction whale 220 from ship, ship crs 269, whale closing ship na na 6dB whale 235 from ship, ship crs 266, whale closing ship 16

18 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-ii-5. OCAL MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information 23 Jul 14 Aug. (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y dolphin 260 from ship, ship crs 040, dolphin paralleling ship OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 3 3 n >2000 na OCAL dolphin 1 n VI DDG 5 n na OCAL whale 6 n VI DDG n OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 9 n VI DDG Y bowriding na 6db 6db whale 085 from ship, ship crs 037, whale closing ship whale 290 from ship, ship crs 197, whale direction OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 1 n VI CG 1 10 n >2000 na OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG n na 17

19 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 6 n VI DDG n OCAL pinniped 9 n VI CG 2 10 Y <200 OCAL whale 2 n VI CG 2 10 Y na secured sonar OCAL pinniped 2 n VI CG 1 10 Y OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y <200 10db OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y >2000 OCAL dolphin 4 n VI DDG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL dolphin 14 n VI DDG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y secured sonar OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y >2000 pinniped 300 from ship, ship crs 211, pinniped direction whale 205 from ship, ship crs 210, whale direction pinniped 220 from ship, ship crs 210, pinniped direction whale 010 from ship, ship crs 032, whale direction whale 085 from ship, ship crs, whale direction dolphin 080 from ship, ship crs 057, dolphin direction dolphin 080 from ship, ship crs 058, dolphin direction whale 090 from ship, ship crs 180, whale direction whale 120 from ship, ship crs 180, whale direction whale 210 from ship, ship crs 211, whale direction OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG n na OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y secured sonar whale 240 from ship, 18

20 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG Y db OCAL dolphin 16 n VI DDG Y secured sonar OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG n OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG n OCAL dolphin 4 n VI DDG Y secured sonar OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG Y ship crs 234, whale direction whale 350 from ship, ship crs 225, whale direction dolphin 125 from ship, ship crs 129, dolphin direction na na 6db OCAL dolphin 25 n VI DDG Y secured sonar OCAL dolphin 12 n VI DDG Y secured sonar OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 5 10 Y >2000 OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 2 10 Y >2000 secured sonar dolphin 210 from ship, ship crs 243, dolphin direction whale 310 from ship, ship crs 301, whale direction dolphin 180 from ship, ship crs 220, dolphin direction dolphin 050 from ship, ship crs 098, dolphin direction bowriding na whale 030 from ship, ship crs 270, whale direction whale 180 from ship, ship crs 177, whale direction OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 10 n >2000 na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 10 Y >2000 whale 320 from ship, ship crs 270, whale direction blowing 19

21 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 5 n VI DDG n >2000 na OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG Y >2000 OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG 1 10 Y >2000 OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y >2000 OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 Y >2000 secured sonar OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 1 10 Y OCAL dolphin 2 n VI DDG Y OCAL dolphin 5 n VI DDG Y OCAL pinniped 2 n VI DDG Y db 10db 6db 10db OCAL whale 5 n VI DDG Y >2000 OCAL whale 7 n VI DDG Y >2000 whale 060 from ship, ship crs 125, whale direction whale 250 from ship, ship crs 270, whale direction whale 248 from ship, ship crs 270, whale direction whale 358 from ship, ship crs, whale direction whale 020 from ship, ship crs, whale direction dolphin bearing, ship crs 304, dolphin direction dolphin 000 from ship, ship crs 001, dolphin direction pinniped 040 from ship, ship crs 120, pinniped direction whale 315 from ship, ship crs 001, whale direction whale 050 from ship, ship crs 315, whale direction OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG n <200 na OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG Y >2000 whale 050 from ship, ship crs 070, whale direction 20

22 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 5 n VI DDG n <200 na OCAL whale 12 n VI DDG Y <200 secured sonar OCAL whale 5 n VI DDG Y OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG Y db OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG Y <200 secured sonar whale bearing, ship crs 090, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 315, whale direction whale 259 from ship, ship crs 357, whale direction whale 340 from ship, ship crs 284, whale direction OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG n >2000 na OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 2 10 Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 10 Y OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 Y OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 Y 6db 10db OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 Y <200 secured sonar whale bearing, ship crs 282, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 284, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 286, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 096, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 145, whale direction OCAL whale 4 n VI DDG 2 10 n unk na OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 2 10 n unk na OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 n unk na OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 10 n unk na 21

23 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 n na OCAL pinniped 3 n VI DDG 2 Y <200 secured sonar OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 Y db OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 2 Y >2000 OCAL whale 3 n VI DDG 2 Y db OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 Y >2000 OCAL pinniped 4 n VI DDG 2 Y OCAL dolphin 7 n VI DDG 2 Y db 10db OCAL dolphin 12 n VI DDG 2 Y secured sonar pinniped 210 from ship, ship crs 210, pinniped direction whale 220 from ship, ship crs 210, whale direction whale 011 from ship, ship crs 120, whale direction whale 020 from ship, ship crs 344, whale direction whale 220 from ship, ship crs 222, whale direction pinniped 130 from ship, ship crs 060, pinniped direction dolphin 160 from ship, ship crs 121, dolphin direction dolphin 010 from ship, ship crs 053, dolphin direction OCAL dolphin 12 n VI DDG 2 n na OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 n >2000 na OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 Y db OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 Y >2000 whale bearing, ship crs 172, whale direction whale 340 from ship, ship crs 250, whale direction 22

24 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 Y >2000 OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 Y OCAL whale 2 n VI DDG 2 Y OCAL whale 1 n VI DDG 2 Y =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course 6db whale 330 from ship, ship crs 340, whale direction whale 035 from ship, ship crs 343, whale direction whale 330 from ship, ship crs 342, whale direction whale 350 from ship, ship crs 121, whale direction 23

25 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (iii) Evaluation of effectiveness (based on data gathered during all MTEs) UMMARY: The three categories of mitigation measures (Personnel Training, Lookout and Watchstander Responsibility, and Operating Procedures) outlined in the OCAL Final Environmental Impact tatement/overseas Environmental Impact tatement of December 2008 and approved by NMF in subsequent Letters of Authorization in 2009 and were effective in appropriately mitigating exposure of marine mammals to mid-frequency sonar. During this year s major exercise events, to the maximum extent possible the proscribed NMF safety zones were adhered to, and vessels and aircraft applied mitigation measures when marine mammals were visually observed within the requisite zone. Fleet commanders and ship watch teams continue to improve individual awareness and enhance reporting practices. This improvement can be attributed to the various pre-exercise conferences, mandatory marine species awareness training (MAT), adherence to required MFA mitigation zones, and application of lesson learned in marine mammal sighting and reporting. For the five major training events conducted in OCAL this reporting period (02 Aug 2009 to 01 Aug ), the Navy conducted over 4,127 hours of Marine pecies Awareness Training for 2,795 Navy personnel prior to getting underway. In addition, over the 40 non-consecutive major training event days in this same period (Table 1-iii-1), the Navy performed over 25,835 hours of visual observation (when counting the number of individual watchstanders engaged in lookout or navigation duties times the number of ships involved times the number of days at-sea). OCAL Major Training Event Marine Mammal Observations There were approximately 210 sightings of an estimated 1,217 marine mammals over the course of five major training events in the OCAL Range Complex (Table 1-iii-2, Figure 1-iii-1). Breakdown of sightings by species type were: -Dolphins: 67 sightings of 881 animals (32% of total sightings, 72% of total animals) -Whales: 121 sightings of 273 animals (58% of total sightings, 22% of total animals) -Pinniped: 14 sightings of 63 animals (7% of total sightings, 5% of total animals) Dolphin species in outhern California typically occur in larger pods than whales, hence the higher number of dolphins and larger percentage of total numbers seen in these counts. OCAL Major Training Event Mitigations Of the 210 Navy marine mammal sightings during major training events, there were 62 sightings within 1,000 yards that qualified as a mitigation event (Table 1-iii-3, Figure 1-iii-2). In other, words MFA surface ships had their sonar on, and followed the appropriate mitigation (secure or power down) depending on the range to the marine mammal. These 62 mitigation events represented 29.5% of all marine mammal sightings for an estimated total of 306 marine mammals during this annual reporting period. As stated previously, with dolphins occurring either more frequently or in larger numbers within outhern California, of the 306 marine mammals observed during mitigation events, 218 were dolphins, 50 whales, and 38 pinnipeds (Table 1-iii-3). Of the 62 mitigation events, there were 29 periods when sonar was turned off (i.e., secured) at ranges <200 yards from the ship, 27 periods when sonar power was turned down (i.e., down), and six periods when mitigation did not occur but with the explanations detailed below. There were also three reports of a Navy ship changing course in addition to applying sonar mitigation in order to open the range between the marine mammal and ship. The Navy lost a minimum of 20 hours of training time due to subsequent shut downs and power downs as a result of applying marine mammal mitigation during these sighting events at ranges less than 1,000 yards. There were no reports of any marine mammal behaving in any unusual manner while observing marine mammals for 4.5 hours during mitigation events. 24

26 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-iii-1. OCAL Range Complex major training events from 2 August 2009 to 1 August. MTE Type Table 1-iii-2. Total number of marine mammal sightings observed from Navy platforms during OCAL Range Complex major training events from 2 August 2009 to 1 August. pecies Type Dates # of sightings # Of Days % of total sightings # of hips Involved # of marine mammals # Of Marine Mammal ightings % of total number of marine mammals Dolphins 67 32% % Whales % % Pinniped 14 7% 63 5% Unidentified marine mammals 8 4% not not applicable Totals: 210 1,207 Note: Totals represent sum of observations during both MFA\explosive events, and during non-mfa\ non-explosives training periods. Table 1-iii-3. Number of marine mammal sightings at ranges less than 1,000 yards observed from Navy platforms during major training events concurrent with MFA mitigation from 2 August 2009 to 1 August in the OCAL range Complex. Breakdown by species type mitigation range # of sightings total # of marine mammals # of # of # of dolphins whales pinnipeds < 200 yards yards # Of Marine Mammals UTEX November March COMPTUEX 17 March - 2 April May COMPTUEX 23 Jul-14 Aug * 9 * Totals: 40 days 39 ships 210 sightings 1,207 marine mammals Note: * A COMPTUEX occurred from 23 until 14 August. Given this exercise occurred between monitoring report periods which run from Aug to Aug, details from this event are summarized for the period 23 1 Aug. Data from 2 14 August will be included in the 2011 Monitoring Report (Aug to Aug 2011) UTEX = ustainment Exercise COMPTUEX = Composite Training Unit Exercise = Integrated Anti-submarine Warfare Course Phase yards Totals: 62 * 306 * * 62 sightings of 306 marine mammals is 29% of the total sightings and 25% of the total individuals observed during all major training events periods (MFA\explosive and non-mfa\non-explosive periods) (see Table 1-iii-2). 25

27 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October # of sightings 7% 4% 0% 32% pecies dolphins whales 57% pinniped unknown marine mammal # of individuals 63 total, 5% dolphins 273 total, 23% 881 total, 72% whales pinniped unknown marine mammal Figure 1-iii-1. Chart of marine mammal sightings (top panel) and sightings by species type (bottom panel) during OCAL Range Complex major training events from 2 August to 1 August. 26

28 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October # of sightings # of sightings # of sightings # of sightings # of individuals 0 <200 yrds yrds yrds # of dolphins # of dolphins # of dolphins # of whales # of pinnipeds # of whales # of pinnipeds # of whales # of pinnipeds <200 yrds yrds yrds Figure 1-iii-2. Bar chart showing marine mammal sightings concurrent with MFA mitigation (top panel) and breakdown of sightings by species type (bottom panel) from 2 August 2009 to 1 August in the OCAL range Complex. 27

29 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Navy afety Zone Adherence During this year s major exercise events, to the maximum extent possible the proscribed NMF safety zones were adhered to (see table Table 1-iii-5) with the exceptions noted below. These six cases ranked by range between the marine mammal(s) and ship represent times when mitigation was not performed, although under the agreed to mitigation procedures with NMF no mitigation is required in the case of bowriding dolphins, or if a marine mammal is leaving a mitigation zone. Table 1-iii-4. afety zone exceptions. Range hip Action Analysis < 200 yards 1 pinniped 9 pinnipeds 2 whales yards 1 dolphin 5 dolphins 2 pinnipeds yards 50 dolphins hip did not shut hip did not shut hip down vice shut hip did not power down sonar hip did not power down sonar hip did not power down sonar hip was heading 8 knots, and spotted seal at 050T, or slightly abaft the beam. By the time the seal sighting was received and understood by the bridge, it was already passed and opening (i.e., behind the ship), due in part to the confusion with 2 dolphins spotted at the same time at the same bearing, but beyond the mitigation zones (>1,000 yards). The ship s Officer of the Deck (OOD) realized the dolphins were not an issue, and disregarded other reports coming from the same bearing. By the time it was made clear to the OOD, the seal was outside of the safety zones. By happenstance, a Navy exercise representative was aboard this ship during the event. He conducted training with the ship s bridge team after the incident to explain what happened and provide guidance. Assessment: erroneous initial reporting, then ship soon passed beyond mitigation range. Maximum exposure estimated to be << 189 db given the orientation of the ship hip was heading 211T when sea lions were spotted at 200T, or slighting abaft the starboard beam. Assessment: hip soon passed beyond mitigation range to the pinnipeds. Maximum exposure estimated to be <<189 db given the orientation of the ship hip was heading 032T when whales were spotted 010T, or slightly to the left of the ship s bow. The ship for over an hour until the whales were well clear (>>1,000 yards) behind. Assessment: Maximum exposure estimated to be <179 db. hip was heading 175T when dolphin spotted at 070T approaching the ship from the left rear. Dolphin continued to close and eventually ride the bow wave (bowride). Assessment: dolphins were bowriding, no mitigation required hip was heading 175T when dolphins spotted at 070T approaching the ship from the rear. Dolphins continued to close and eventually ride the bow wave (bowride). Assessment: dolphins were bowriding, no mitigation required hip was heading 210T when pinnipeds spotted at 220T, or slightly off the right bow. Assessment:. Maximum exposure estimated to be <189 db hip was heading 160T when dolphins spotted at 290T, or behind and to the right of the ship closer to the 1000 yard edge of the mitigation zone. hip relative motion quickly put dolphins outside of mitigation range >1000 yards. Assessment: minimum exposure, prior to no mitigation required Relative ship (circleblue arrow) and marine mammal position (square-green arrow) 28

30 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table 1-iii-5. OCAL MTEs where sonar was on during detection of marine mammals at ranges less than 1,000 yards, and mitigation conducted. 1) Range [ OCAL ()] 2) MTE 3) Month 4) pecies sighted 5) # of marine mammals sighted 6) Platform 7) Length of time observed (min) 8) Range at which marine mammal sighted 9) Mitigation [secure (D); power down (PD); maneuver ship (MAN) 1 ] 10) Estimate MAX exposure PRIOR to mitigation (db re 1uPa) 2 11) Number of minutes sonar mitigation applied 12) Estimate exposure AFTER mitigation (db re 1uPa) 2 13) DITANCE ship would have moved given length of mitigation and nominal 10- knot ship speed (yds) 14) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing, animal travel 15) Observed behavior Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar Mar dolphin 3 DDG PD, MAN < whale 1 CG 5 <200 D < dolphin 5 DDG D, MAN < whale 1 CG 2 <200 D < DDG PD < pinniped 8 FFG 15 <200 D < dolphin 5 CG D, MAN < whale 1 CG PD < < for 3 min for 15 min for 3 min for 23 min < for 7 min for 56 min for 42 min < for 1 min 1,000 5,000 1,000 7,667 2,333 18,666 14, dolphin 045 from ship, ship crs 239, dolphin opening ship whale 260 from ship, ship crs 319, whale opening ship dolphin 060 from ship, ship crs 263, dolphin opening ship whale 045 from ship, ship crs 266, whale direction animal bearing, ship crs 274, animal direction pinniped 090 from ship, ship crs 076, pinniped closing ship dolphin 330 from ship, ship crs 049, dolphin opening ship whale 080 from ship, ship crs 093, whale paralleling ship tacking to open ship paralleling, CPA 800 yds off port beam 29

31 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October May May May May May May May May May May May May May dolphin 10 DDG PD < whale 1 DDG PD < dolphin 10 DDG D < dolphin 5 DDG D < whale 2 DDG D < pinniped 1 DDG PD < < for 15 min < for 25 min for 8 min for 5 min for 6 min < for 10 min pinniped 1 DDG 2 <200 <189 na <189 na dolphin 2 DDG < na < na dolphin 5 DDG 29 <200 D < whale 1 DDG D < whale 1 DDG D < whale 1 CG PD < dolphin 2 DDG PD < for 29 min for 5 min for 5 min < for 10 min < for 18 min 5,000 8,333 2,667 1,667 2,000 3,333 9,667 1,667 2,333 3,333 6,000 dolphin 070 from ship, ship crs 109, dolphin closing ship whale 290 from ship, ship crs 121, whale direction unk dolphin 320 from ship, ship crs 210, dolphin closing ship dolphin 245 from ship, ship crs 269, dolphin closing ship whale 300 from ship, ship crs 040, whale closing ship pinniped 110 from ship, ship crs 089, pinniped paralleling ship pinniped 050 from ship, ship crs 144, pinniped paralleling ship dolphin 050 from ship, ship crs 144, dolphin opening ship dolphin 045 from ship, ship crs 181, dolphin direction whale 290 from ship, ship crs 303, whale direction whale 275 from ship, ship crs 231, whale direction whale 293 from ship, ship crs 266, whale direction dolphin 230 from ship, ship crs 338, dolphin direction 30

32 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October May May May May May May May May May whale 1 DDG PD < pinniped 8 DDG PD < dolphin 10 DDG 6 <200 D <189 6 dolphin 50 DDG PD < < for 2 min < for 2 min for 6 min < for 142 min dolphin 1 DDG < na < na dolphin 4 DDG D < whale 1 DDG D < whale 1 CG PD, D < whale 1 DDG PD < < for for 10 min for 17 min < for 6 min dolphin 5 DDG < na < na whale 2 DDG PD < < for 36 min pinniped 9 CG 2 <200 <189 na <189 na pinniped 2 CG < na < na ,000 47,333 3,333 3,333 5,667 2,000 12,000 whale 080 from ship, ship crs 201, whale direction pinniped 080 from ship, ship crs 201, pinniped direction dolphin 235 from ship, ship crs 211, dolphin paralleling ship dolphin 290 from ship, ship crs 160, dolphin direction dolphin 070 from ship, ship crs 175, dolphin paralleling ship dolphin 190 from ship, ship crs 258, dolphin direction whale 040 from ship, ship crs 310, whale paralleling ship whale 020 from ship, ship crs 006, whale direction whale 220 from ship, ship crs 269, whale closing ship dolphin 260 from ship, ship crs 040, dolphin paralleling ship whale 085 from ship, ship crs 037, whale closing ship pinniped 300 from ship, ship crs 211, pinniped direction pinniped 220 from ship, ship crs 210, pinniped direction bowriding bowriding 31

33 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October whale 2 DDG 2 <200 PD < dolphin 4 DDG 2 <200 D <189 6 dolphin 14 DDG 2 <200 D <189 6 whale 1 DDG 1 <200 D < whale 1 DDG D < whale 1 DDG PD < whale 2 DDG D < dolphin 16 DDG D < dolphin 4 DDG D < dolphin 25 DDG D < dolphin 12 DDG D < whale 1 DDG PD < dolphin 2 DDG PD < <179 for 60 min for 6 min for 6 min for 63 min for 21 min < for 40 min for 12 min for 10 min for 10 min for 35 min for 30 min < for 12 min < for 30 min 20,000 2,000 2,000 21,000 7,000 13,333 4,000 3,333 3,333 11,667 10,000 4,000 10,000 whale 010 from ship, ship crs 032, whale direction dolphin 080 from ship, ship crs 057, dolphin direction dolphin 080 from ship, ship crs 058, dolphin direction whale 090 from ship, ship crs 180, whale direction whale 120 from ship, ship crs 180, whale direction whale 350 from ship, ship crs 225, whale direction whale 240 from ship, ship crs 234, whale direction dolphin 125 from ship, ship crs 129, dolphin direction dolphin 210 from ship, ship crs 243, dolphin direction dolphin 180 from ship, ship crs 220, dolphin direction dolphin 050 from ship, ship crs 098, dolphin direction whale 020 from ship, ship crs, whale direction dolphin bearing, ship crs 304, dolphin direction bowriding 32

34 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October dolphin 5 DDG PD < pinniped 2 DDG PD < whale 5 DDG PD < whale 12 DDG 20 <200 D < whale 2 DDG 5 <200 D <189 5 whale 1 DDG PD < whale 2 DDG PD < whale 2 DDG <200 D < pinniped 3 DDG <200 D <189 4 whale 1 DDG PD < pinniped 4 DDG PD < dolphin 7 DDG PD < dolphin 12 DDG D < < for 16 min < for 47 min < for 11 min for 20 min for 5 min < for 15 min < for 30 min for 19 min for 4 min < for 30 min < for 13 min < for 3 min for 77 min 5,333 15,667 3,667 6,667 1,667 5,000 10,000 6,333 1,333 10,000 4,333 1,000 25,667 dolphin 000 from ship, ship crs 001, dolphin direction pinniped 040 from ship, ship crs 120, pinniped direction whale bearing, ship crs 315, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 090, whale direction whale 340 from ship, ship crs 284, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 284, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 286, whale direction whale bearing, ship crs 145, whale direction pinniped 210 from ship, ship crs 210, pinniped direction whale 220 from ship, ship crs 210, whale direction pinniped 130 from ship, ship crs 060, pinniped direction dolphin 160 from ship, ship crs 121, dolphin direction dolphin 010 from ship, ship crs 053, dolphin direction 33

35 Commander, U.. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October whale 1 DDG PD < whale 1 DDG PD < < for 30 min < for 24 min 10,000 8,000 whale bearing, ship crs 172, whale direction whale 350 from ship, ship crs 121, whale direction Notes: 1 na = not applicable; mitigation not applicable if dolphins are determined to be bowriding. 2 Estimated exposure based on 20Log[R] spherical spreading propagation loss for ranges less than 1000 yards and where nominal MFA source level (L) assumed to be 235 db for DDG s and 225 for FFG s (Urick 1982). Actual operating parameters and oceanographic conditions likely result in lower exposure. This calculation assumes exposure prior to mitigation. Once animal was spotted at the range indicated, applied mitigation would have resulted in much lower to no exposures. Exposure assessment Estimated exposures within 2000 yards can be determined based on standard formulas of how sound propagates in water. pherical spreading is generally valid within 1000 yards from the sound source, and can be expressed as spreading loss (in db from a source) equals 20logR [with R being range from the source in yards (Urick 1982)]. pherical spreading loss in the first 1000 yards equates to 60 db of loss. At ranges between 1000 and 2000 yards the sound waves can become trapped by the sea surface and bottom (depending on water depth and other sound propagation factors) and not expand vertically. The spreading wave then forms an expanding cylinder. Cylindrical spreading loss in db between two points can be calculated by using the formula (10logR 2 /R 1 ). Cylindrical spreading loss between 1000 and 2000 yards equates to an additional 3 db of loss. By the time the sound wave has propagated to 2000 yards, the sonar signal strength has decreased by a total of at least 63 db. Using the AN/Q-53 sonar as an example transmitting at 235 db subtracting the 63 db of spreading loss equates to an estimated sonar Receive Level (RL) of 172 db at 2000 yards. The spreading loss formulas are used to make very conservative assumptions about potential exposure. The formula is an estimation of spreading losses only and does not take into account other factors that could increase the total propagation losses such as oceanographic conditions, attenuation losses, scattering losses, and Navy-unique MFA operating parameters which would result in slightly lower sonar transmit levels. Use of this approach to estimate potential RL at any given animal assumes the horizontal range from a visual sighting accounts for an animal across all depths at which an animal travels to predict the maximum, worst case potential exposure. In other words, this estimated worst case exposure is presented independent of the animal s actual depth level, since a) time and depth of current and previous dives cannot be deduced from a limited surface sighting, and b) oceanographic and tactical conditions influence actual sound propagation at different depths. Given relative motion of ships and animals at sea, the time spent with any given exposure from surface ships is likely to be limited. 34

36 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (2) OCAL AW ummary This section summarizes information from MTEs and non-major training exercises such as unit level training. (i) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source Total annual hours of each type of sonar source used within the OCAL Range Complex between 2 August 2009 and 1 August are presented in the classified appendix to this report. ystem use for the reporting period was less than and sometimes significantly less than the amount authorized. Table 2-i-1. onar allocation within the OCAL Range Complex by source. Authorized MFA sources (c)(1) of NMF OCAL Final Rule and LOA Annually Authorized (i) AN/Q-53 surface ship hull-mounted active sonar (hours) 1,977 (ii) AN/Q-56 surface ship hull-mounted active sonar (hours) 494 (iii) AN/BQQ-10 submarine active sonar (hours) 815 (iv) AN/BQ-15 submarine navigational sonar (hours) 122 (v) AN/AQ-22 helicopter active dipping sonar (# of dips) 2,719 (vi) AN/Q-62 DICA acoustic sonobuoy (# of buoys) 4,256 (vii) Q-125 AEER sonobuoy (# of buoys) 1,150 (viii) Mk-48 heavyweight torpedoes (# of torpedoes) 87 (ix) Mk-46 lightweight torpedoes (# of torpedoes) 84 (x) AN/LQ-25 NIXIE acoustic countermeasure (hours) 1,600 (ii) Cumulative impact report From NMF Final Rule: To the extent practical, the Navy shall develop and implement a method of annually reporting non-major training exercises utilizing hull-mounted sonar. This section shall present an annual (and seasonal, where practicable), depiction of non-major training exercises geographically across the range complex. The annual quantity in hours and breakdown by system of hull-mounted sonar use in the OCAL Range Complex during non-major training events between 2 August 2009 and 1 August is presented in the classified version of this report. The majority of this MFA occurred during short-duration unit-level training (ULT). ULT is typically a single-ship event that normally only lasts for several hours at a time. The geographic extent of non-major training exercise sonar use is depicted in the following figure. 35

37 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Figure 2-ii-1. ULT MFA use in the OCAL Range Complex. 36

38 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (3) OCAL INKEXs No INKEXs were conducted in the OCAL Range Complex during the reporting period. (4) OCAL IEER ummary The annual summary of use within the OCAL Range Complex for Improved Extended Echo-Ranging ystem (IEER) sonobuoys is deemed classified. Data requested from the Navy is presented in the classified version of this report. (5) OCAL Explosives ummary The Navy is in the process of improving the methods used to track explosives use within each range complex. Therefore, NMF requested that the Navy report to the maximum extent practicable as defined in the OCAL Range Complex Final Rule (NMF 2009b). The summary for maritime explosives use within the OCAL Range Complex is presented below. Table 5-1. Explosives usage in the OCAL Range Complex. (i) Total annual number of each type of explosive exercise Amount Annually Authorized % Total Used To Total Authorized Authorized Exercise Total Annual (A) urface-to-gunnery Exercise (- GUNNEX) % (B) Air-to-surface Missile Exercise (A- MLEX) % (C) Bombing Exercise (BOMBEX) % (D) inking Exercise (INKEX) 0 2 0% (E) EER/IEER/AEER Exercise % (ii) Total annual expended/detonated rounds for each explosive type Category (A) 5 naval gunfire rounds 66 (B) 76 mm naval gunfire rounds 0 (C) Maverick missiles 1 (D) Harpoon missiles 0 (E) Mk-82 aerial bombs 0 (F) Mk-83 aerial bombs 0 (G) Mk-84 aerial bombs 0 (H) Mk-48 torpedoes (detonations) 0 (I) Demolition charges 5 (J) EER/IEER explosive sonobuoys 120 Quantity These explosive numbers were collected manually from several different databases that are maintained by separate entities. It is currently estimated that an automated database query tool will be operational in time to be used for next year s explosives data collection. This system will reduce the manpower needed to collect this data and improve reporting accuracy within the OCAL range complex. 37

39 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October HAWA RANGE COMPLEX INTRODUCTION The U.. Navy prepared this Annual Range Complex Exercise Report covering the period from 2 August 2009 to 1 August in compliance with the National Marine Fisheries ervice (NMF) Final Rule under the Marine Mammal Protection Act (MMPA) for the Hawaii Range Complex (HRC) (NMF 2009). In the Hawaii Range Complex Letter of Authorization Requirements for monitoring and reporting, the following report subsections were specified and are present within this report for the Hawaii Range Complex: (1) Mid-Frequency Active onar (MFA)/High-Frequency Active onar (HFA) Major Training Exercises (MTE). (i) (ii) (iii) Exercise Information (for each MTE). Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information (for each MTE). Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of effectiveness of mitigation measures designed to avoid exposing marine mammals to MFA. This evaluation shall identify the specific observations that support any conclusion the Navy reaches about the effectiveness of the mitigation. (2) Anti-submarine Warfare (AW) ummary (i) (ii) (iii) (iv) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source Total sonar hours (dense humpback areas) Total sonar hours (humpback whale cautionary area) Cumulative Impact Report (3) inking Exercises (INKEX) (i) (ii) Exercise information Individual marine mammal observation information (4) Improved Extended Echo Ranging (IEER)/Advanced Extended Echo Ranging (AEER) ummary (5) Explosives ummary (i) (ii) Total annual number of each type of explosive exercises Total annual expended/detonated rounds for each explosive type This Annual Report covers the period from 2 August 2009 to 1 August, and the information represents the best practical data collection for this period. Due to the data collection and reporting timeline differing from the actual LOA dates, exercise data from 2 August 2009 to 13 January falls under the 2009 HRC Letter of Authorization, while exercise data from 14 January to 1 August falls under the HRC Letter of Authorization. In an effort to provide a better representation of annual exercise data for the HRC, the Navy has combined all exercise data from 2 August 2009 to 1 August and compared it to the annual allocations provided in the HRC Letter of Authorization. This representation of annual exercise data shall be repeated in future Annual Reports. To provide accounting for the entire five year period of the authorization, the Navy will also submit a final report at the end of the five years to provide comprehensive totals of authorized usage. Finally, on review of accumulated reporting metrics, the Navy has determined that certain portions become classified by their summary. Information designated as classified in this report will be submitted to NMF in a separate classified appendix to this report. 38

40 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (1) HRC MFA/HFA Major Training Exercises This section summarizes authorized sonar use and marine mammal observations from MTEs conducted within the HRC between 2 August 2009 and 1 August. For the HRC, MTEs include Rim of the Pacific exercises (RIMPAC), Undersea Warfare Exercises (UWEX), and Multi trike Group Exercises. Between 2 August 2009 and 1 August, there were two MTEs conducted within the HRC. Exercise specific details as described in the HRC Final Rule (DoN 2009a) (f)(1)i to iii and LOA include: (i) Exercise Information (for each MTE) (ii) Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information (for each MTE) (iii) Evaluation (based on data gathered during all MTEs) of the effectiveness of mitigation measures designed to avoid exposing marine mammals to MFA. This evaluation shall identify the specific observations that support any conclusions the Navy reaches about the effectiveness of the mitigation. 39

41 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (i) Exercise information Table H1-i-1. MTEs conducted in the HRC. (i) Exercise (ii) Date (iii) Locations (iv) # and types of active sources used (iv)a Q-53 (iv)b Q-56 (iv)c BQQ-5/10 (iv)d AQ-13F (iv)e AQ-22 (iv)f DICA (v) # and types of passive sources used 7-10 UWEX AUG RIMPAC JUL RIMPAC=Rim of the Pacific Exercise; UWEX=Undersea Warfare Exercise (iv)g LQ-25 Nixie (v)a Q-53 (v)b Q-56 (v)c QR-19 (v)d BQQ-5/10 (iv)e AQ-22 (iv)d AQ-13F (v)e DIFAR onobuoys (vi) # and types of vessels and aircraft participating CG DDG FFG H-60F \H-60R dipping helo H-60B non-dipping helo ubmarines P-3C MPRA Non-AW surface ships (vii) Total hours of observation by watchstanders (hrs) (viii) Total hours of all active sonar (ix) Total hours ea. active source H * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 1 3,478 * * * * * * * * 6, 2, 4 H * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 8 50,098 * * * * * * * * 8, 2, 4 (ix)a Q-53 (ix)b Q-56 (ix)c BQQ-5/10 (ix)d AQ-13F (ix)e AQ-22 (ix)f DICA (ix)g LQ-25 Nixie (x) Wave height (high, low, and average) (ft) H=Hawaii Range Complex *This information is included in the classified appendix to this report. 40

42 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (ii) Individual marine mammal sighting information by exercise Table H1-ii-1. HRC MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: UWEX 7 10 Aug (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior No applicable sightings* *Marine mammal vocalizations were detected on passive sonar for 30 minutes, but the marine mammals were not detected visually. 41

43 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table H1-ii-2. HRC MTE Individual Marine Mammal ighting Information: RIMPAC 6 31 Jul. (a) Location (b) pecies (c) # of individuals (d) Calves observed (y/n) (e) Initial detection sensor (f) Platform detection from (g) Length of time observed (min) (h) Wave height (ft) (i) Visibility (nm) (j) onar source in use (y/n) (k) Range (yds) (l) Mitigation implemented (m) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing and animal travel (n) Observed behavior HRC turtle 1 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na swimming HRC dolphin 1 n VI DDG $ na HRC dolphin 1 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 7 n VI FFG n na HRC dolphin 6 n VI FFG n na HRC dolphin 2 n VI CG n na swimming HRC dolphin 7 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 1 n VI CG n >2000 na HRC dolphin 2 n VI DDG $ na blowing HRC whale 1 n VI non-aw aircraft na >2000 na 60 ft whale observed swimming by fighter aircraft at high speed HRC dolphin 1 n VI DDG $ na HRC dolphin 2 n VI non-aw ship na na 42

44 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October HRC whale 1 n VI FFG n >2000 na HRC dolphin 2 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 5 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 1 n VI MPRA n na floating carcass HRC dolphin 1 n VI DDG $ na HRC dolphin 20 n VI CG n na bowriding HRC dolphin 3 n VI FFG n na bowriding HRC whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na blowing HRC dolphin 1 n VI MPRA na HRC whale 5 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 2 n VI FFG n na HRC whale 1 n VI DDG n na HRC turtle 1 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC turtle 1 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 30 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 15 n VI DDG $ na HRC whale 1 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 7 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 2 n VI FFG Y >2000 secured sonar dolphin 137 from ship, ship crs 205, dolphin direction HRC whale 1 n VI FFG n na HRC dolphin 8 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 2 n VI non-aw ship na na swimming 43

45 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October HRC turtle 1 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC turtle 6 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 1 n VI FFG $ na HRC dolphin 5 n VI FFG $ na HRC dolphin 50 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 1 n VI MPRA $ na HRC dolphin 4 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 25 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na swimming HRC turtle 9 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na swimming HRC dolphin 6 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 3 n VI non-aw ship na <200 na swimming HRC dolphin 6 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 4 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 12 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 3 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC whale 2 n VI MPRA $ na HRC dolphin 2 n VI MPRA na HRC dolphin 18 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC turtle 6 n VI non-aw ship na na HRC dolphin 3 n VI non-aw ship na na =not ; VI=visual; ACO=acoustic; y=yes; n=no; na=not applicable; crs=course $=Foreign naval unit; additional information not provided. 44

46 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Although marine mammal sighting details are consistently and thoroughly during OCAL major training exercises, much of the sighting details were not during RIMPAC. Due in large part to the scope of the exercise and its unique, coalition-based command structure, the reporting requirements were bifurcated into separate parts of an instruction. The difference in procedure was not identified by many units, and as a result, those units collected only partial data. This oversight was not discovered until the exercise was complete. In order to ensure complete sighting information is collected in future RIMPAC exercises, the required reports will have command-level visibility and all information will be collected and reviewed daily for completeness. (iii) Evaluation of effectiveness (based on data gathered during all MTEs) Between 2 August 2009 and 1 August, there was one UWEX and one Rim of the Pacific exercise conducted within the Hawaii Range Complex. Navy lookouts 47 marine mammal sightings for an estimated 286 marine mammals. There were zero marine mammal sightings at a range less than 1000 yards concurrent with MFA use. Table H1-iii-1. HRC MTEs from 2 August 2009 to 1 August. # of hips Involved (MFA and non-mfa) # of Marine Mammal ightings MTE Type Month # of Exercise Days UWEX AUG NA RIMPAC JUL Totals: # of Marine Mammals Mitigation Effectiveness Discussion The three categories of mitigation measures (Personnel Training, Lookout and Watchstander Responsibility, and Operating Procedures) outlined in the HRC EI/OEI and approved by NMF (DoN 2008, NMF 2009a, 2009b) were effective in detection appropriately mitigating exposure of marine mammal to mid-frequency sonar. Fleet commanders and ship watch teams continue to improve individual awareness and enhance reporting practices. This improvement can be attributed to the various pre-exercise conferences, mandatory marine species awareness training, and making adjustments based upon the lessons learned. The safety zones were adhered to, and vessels and aircraft applied mitigation measures when marine mammals were visually observed within the requisite zone. Table H1-iii-2. Breakdown of marine mammals sighted in the HRC during MTEs at ranges less than 1000 yards concurrent with MFA use. Range of Marine Mammal ighting < 200 yards yards yards No applicable sightings 45

47 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Table H1-iii-3. HRC MTEs where sonar was on during detection of marine mammals at ranges less than 1,000 yards and mitigation conducted. 1) Range [HRC (H) ] 2) MTE 3) Month 4) pecies sighted 5) # of marine mammals sighted 6) Platform 7) Length of time observed (min) 8) Range at which marine mammal sighted 9) Mitigation [secure (D); power down (PD); maneuver ship (MAN) 1 ] 10) Estimate MAX exposure PRIOR to mitigation (db re 1uPa) 2 11) Number of minutes sonar mitigation applied 12) Estimate exposure AFTER mitigation (db re 1uPa) 2 13) DITANCE ship would have moved given length of mitigation and nominal 10-knot ship speed (yds) 14) If hullmounted source in use, true bearing, animal travel 15) Observed behavior No applicable sightings 46

48 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October (2) HRC AW ummary This section summarizes information from MTEs and non-major training exercises such as unit-level training. (i) Total annual hours of each type of sonar source Total annual hours of each type of sonar source used within the HRC between 2 August 2009 and 1 August are presented in the classified appendix to this report. All reporting metrics within the HRC were below the NMF authorized amount. Table H2-i-1. onar allocation within the HRC by source. Authorized MFA sources (c)(1) of NMF HRC Final Rule and LOA Annually Authorized (i) AN/Q-53 surface ship hull-mounted active sonar (hours) 1,284 (ii) AN/Q-56 surface ship hull-mounted active sonar (hours) 383 (iii) AN/AQ-22 or 13 helicopter active dipping sonar (# of dips) 1,010 (iv) AN/Q-62 DICA acoustic sonobuoy (# of buoys) 2,423 (v) Mk-48/Mk-46/Mk-54 torpedoes (# of torpedoes) 313 (vi) AN/BQQ-5/10 submarine active sonar (hours) 200 (ii) Total onar Hours (dense humpback areas) Hull-mounted active sonar use was not within the dense humpback areas plus a 5 km buffer between 15 December 2009 and 15 April. The precise boundaries of these dense humpback areas have yet to be formalized by the U.. Navy and NMF (see figure H2-iv-1). (iii) Total onar Hours (humpback whale cautionary area) Hull-mounted active sonar use was not within the humpback whale cautionary area between 15 December 2009 and 15 April (see figure H2-iv-1). (iv) Cumulative Impact Report From NMF Final Rule: To the extent practical, the Navy shall develop and implement a method of annually reporting non-major training exercises utilizing hull-mounted sonar. This section shall present an annual (and seasonal, where practicable), depiction of non-major training exercises geographically across the range complex. pecific to the HRC only, seasonality refers to reporting of total hull-mounted use within Hawaii s dense humpback areas and humpback cautionary area between 15 December and 15 April. The annual quantity in hours and breakdown by system of hull-mounted sonar use in the HRC during non-major training events between 2 August 2009 and 1 August is presented in the classified appendix to this report. The majority of this MFA occurred during short-duration unit-level training (ULT). ULT is typically a singleship event that normally only lasts for several hours at a time. The geographic extent of seasonal non-major training exercise sonar use is depicted in the following two figures. 47

49 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Figure H2-iv-1. HRC cold season sonar use 15 December April. \ \ -- V /""./... / v / "- ~...,., , I /,~ v,/ I "'"., '\ 1"-. " d I.. ~ DARK GREEN - HRC BOUNDARY LIGHT GREEN - WARNING AREA PURPLE - HAWA OPERATING AREA BLUE - DENE HUMPBACK WHALE AREA RED - ONAR UE BOUNDARIE 48

50 Commander, U. Pacific Fleet OCAL and HRC Annual Range Exercise Report 01 October Figure H2-iv-2. HRC warm season sonar use 2 Aug Dec 2009, and from 16 Apr 1 Aug. / /' DARK GREEN - HRC BOUNDARY \" -/ y LIGHT GREEN - WARNING AREA PURPLE HAWA OPERATING AREA BLUE DENE HUMPBACK WHALE AREA REO - ONAR UE BOUNDARIE ~ / '- O~ V '" t---. ~ I'--- ~ / / '\ ~) ):a- 49