Cost Report (Learjet 24E) ASO.com Sample. Prepared Exclusively For: John Smith. Any Town, Any State. June 9, Prepared by:

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1 Cost Report (Learjet 24E) Prepared Exclusively For: John Smith Any Town, Any State June 9, 2008 Prepared by: Conklin & de Decker Associates PO Box 1142 * Orleans * Massachusetts * * (508)

2 Conklin de Decker Assumption Explanations Variable Costs 8 Fixed Costs. 10 General Specifications Performance Specifications Comparative Field Length 14

3 Aircraft Cost Evaluator 2008 Vol I ESTIMATED VARIABLE COSTS Per Hour Learjet 24E Fuel (1) Fuel Additives Lubricants Maintenance Labor (2) Parts Airframe/Eng/Avion (3) $1, Engine Restoration (4) Thrust Reverser Overhaul Propeller Overhaul APU Overhaul Major Periodic Maintenance Misc Exp. Landing/Parking Crew Expenses Supplies/Catering Other Fractional Cost/Hour + Tax Total Variable Cost/Hour Average SpeedKts. (5) 600nm trip Cost per Nautical Mile FOOTNOTES Size of Operation: 1 2 Aircraft Type of Operation: 1. Fuel Cost Gallons/Hour 2. Maint. Labor Cost per Hour Maint. Hours/Flight Hours 3. Incl. Engine Parts Cost Model 4. Overhaul Cost Source 5. Block Speed Source $3, $7.28 Date: 6/9/2008 Currency: $ Corporate No CJ6106 JSSI Comp07 Mftr Data Copyright 2008 Conklin de Decker Associates, Inc. (508)

4 Aircraft Cost Evaluator 2008 Vol I ANNUAL FIXED COSTS Learjet 24E Crew salaries Captain (6) Co Pilot Flt Eng/Other Benefits Hangar Typical Insurance Hull (7) Admitted Liability Legal Liability Total Fixed Cost/Year $87,500 55,000 42,750 22,400 12,713 1,225 13,750 Recurrent Training 16,200 Aircraft Modernization 45,000 Navigation Chart Service 4,166 Refurbishing (9) 13,350 Computer Mx. Program (10) 2,700 Weather Service (11) 700 Other Fixed Costs Mgmt Fee/Yr + Tax $317,454 FOOTNOTES Size of Operation: 1 2 Aircraft Date: 6/9/2008 Currency: $ 6. Crew Salary Source Number of Crew 7. Ins Hull Value/Frac Share Cost Hull Insurance Rate (%) 8. Modernization 9. Refurbish Labor Hrs/Seat 10. Comp. Mx Program Source 11. Weather Service Source 07 NBAA 2 565, Yr Avg 30 Typical Typical Copyright 2008 Conklin de Decker Associates, Inc. (508)

5 Aircraft Cost Evaluator 2008 Vol I ANNUAL BUDGET Learjet 24E Utilization Nt. Miles Hours 175, Variable Cost Fixed Cost Total Cost (No Depreciation) Per Hour Per Nt. Mile Per Seat Nt. Mile Total Cost (No Depreciation) Book Depreciation (12) Total Cost (Book Dep) Per Hour Per Nt. Mile Per Seat Nt. Mile Total Cost (No Depreciation) Market Depreciation (13) Total Cost (Market Dep.) Per Hour Per Nt. Mile Per Seat Nt. Mile Footnotes Size of Operation: 1 2 Aircraft 12. Book Depreciation Rate 13. Market Depreciation Rate 1,272, ,454 $1,590,447 3, ,590,447 56,500 $1,646,947 4, ,590,447 22,600 $1,613,047 4, Date: 6/9/ % per yr 4.00 Currency: $ Copyright 2008 Conklin de Decker Associates, Inc. (508)

6 Aircraft Cost Evaluator 2008 Vol I GENERAL COMPARISON Learjet 24E CabinHeight (Ft.) Width Length Cabin volume (Cu. Ft.) Cabin Door Height (Ft.) Width Baggage Int. (Cu.Ft.) External Typical Crew/Pass Seating WeightMax Takeoff (Lbs.) Maximum Landing Basic Operating Usable Fuel PayloadFull Fuel (Lbs.) Maximum Certified/IFR Certified Price New (Corporate)/1000 Pre Owned Rng/1000 Years Produced PERFORMANCE COMPARISON RangeNBAA IFR Res (N.Mi.) Seats Full Ferry Range Range30 Min. Res (N.Mi.) Seats Full Ferry Range Balanced Field Length (Ft.) Landing Distance FAR /5 13,500 11,880 7,830 5, ,570 Yes/Yes 1, / Learjet 24E 850 1,100 4,300 5,325 Rate Of Climb (Ft/Min) One Engine Out Cruise SpeedMax (KTAS) Normal Long Range Stall Speed (IAS) CeilingService MTOW (Ft.) Service OEI 6,800 2, ,000 28,500 Copyright 2008 Conklin de Decker Associates, Inc. (508)

7 Description of Fixed Wing Aircraft Cost Elements The following describes the content of each cost element used in The Aircraft Cost Evaluator. Aircraft not yet certified will be noted as Prelim Data in bold red on the program screen and bold print in the footnotes section printout. DISCLAIMER Many significant variables affect the costs involved in owning and operating business aircraft. When data is collected from different sources, it is difficult to compare. For example, no two operators track costs in exactly the same way. Operator s costs may represent different periods of time and some manufacturers may use different assumptions to build their estimates while others no longer publish theirs. The Aircraft Cost Evaluator addresses these inconsistencies by applying the same ground rules to each aircraft listed and tries to eliminate as many variables as possible. This provides a more comparative picture of the relative costs associated with operating similar aircraft types. Our cost numbers are not optimized. Instead, it is our intention to give you costs that are conservative, representative and comparable under comparable conditions. No one should rely on a single report as a prediction for the costs they will eventually incur when owning or operating a particular aircraft type. The Aircraft Cost Evaluator is not intended as a budgeting tool. We make no representation or warranty to the effect. GENERAL ASSUMPTIONS Period of Time All fixed wing aircraft costs are estimated using a cash flow method rather than an accrual method. These cost estimates reflect a 10 year time period to balance warranty with mature aircraft costs. The 10 year time period starts with the latest model year for each aircraft type. No funds are accrued to cover major maintenance costs beyond this 10 year period. For example, if any oncondition maintenance items are due a maintenance action after this time period no funds are accrued to cover the cost of these oncondition items. During the warranty period new aircraft may see labor costs 15% less and parts costs 30% less than aircraft not under warranty. Sales Tax There are no sales taxes included in these costs. Annual Utilization Hourly annual utilization is calculated by dividing the annual utilization in NM by the average trip speed of the aircraft. The assumed annual utilization for Jets is 175,000 NM, Turboprops is 115,000 NM. Corporate Pistons assume a utilization of 45,000 NM and Business Pistons is 22,500 NM. Maintenance Assumption Our cost numbers assume that aircraft maintenance is performed at a qualified service facility unless indicated otherwise in the aircraft categories explanations. AIRCRAFT CATEGORIES Corporate Jets, Turboprops and Pistons. Corporate costs assume the aircraft is owned and operated by a company solely for company use. The aircraft is flown by a professional pilot. These aircraft are required to maintain a very high reliability rate and are kept in excellent condition. Equipment levels are assumed to be appropriate for the transportation of executives in instrument meteorological conditions (IMC). Business Turboprops. Business costs assume the aircraft is owner flown by a businessperson who is also a rated pilot. The aircraft is operated in conjunction with a business. No crew salaries are included as costs. Annual utilization is also lower than corporate. Maintenance reflects the same safety standards as corporate but because utilization is lower, costs are less and not as intensive as corporate. Equipment levels are suitable for flight in IMC.

8 Business Pistons. Business costs assume the aircraft is owner flown by a businessperson who is also a rated pilot. The aircraft is operated in conjunction with a business. Crew salaries are included as costs where singlepilot operations are allowed by the FAA. Annual utilization is also lower than corporate. Maintenance reflects the same safety standards as corporate but because utilization is lower, costs are less and not as intensive as corporate. Equipment levels are suitable for flight in IMC. DATA SOURCES FOR MAINTENANCE COSTS Newly Fielded and Newly Developed Aircraft Manufacturer supplied cost data and our knowledge of similar aircraft models utilizing similar maintenance philosophies are used to estimate costs for aircraft not yet certified and aircraft new to the market.. Aircraft not yet certified will be noted as Est Data in the footnotes section printout. Mature Aircraft Manufacturer supplied cost data, our knowledge of similar aircraft models utilizing similar maintenance philosophies in conjunction with operator and maintenance facility cost data are used to calculate the estimated costs for aircraft that have been inproduction for a longer period of time or have gone out of production. New aircraft within this category reflect the benefit of warranty coverage. An aging factor is applied to the maintenance labor and parts based on the age of the aircraft. VARIABLE COSTS FUEL COST Fuel cost per gallon is based on a Conklin & de Decker survey of a number of Fixed Base Operators (FBOs) at major general aviation airports in the United States. Price includes all taxes and fees. FUEL BURN The average fuel burn is depicted in gallons per hour for the make/model aircraft. All data is generally derived from flight manuals and is calculated at typical cruise speeds and includes ground fuel. Cruise altitude assumed for unpressurized aircraft is 8,000 feet. For pressurized aircraft a flight altitude corresponding to an 8,000 foot or less cabin altitude is used. Fifteen percent is added to the final figure to account for less than ideal operating conditions. Many factors led us to add this extra 15%. Pilot flying techniques Using other than recommended power settings. Air Traffic Control Restrictions restricting the aircraft to less than optimum altitudes. Lower altitudes usually increase fuel burn. Ground delays Running engines while spending extra time on the ground. Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) operation Running the APU can amount to 2030 gph. Tankering Fuel Carrying more fuel than is required for a single flight. Jets The fuel burn calculation includes taxi, takeoff and climb, cruise, decent and landing for a 600 NM trip. This includes a crew of two at 200 lbs each (one for FAR 23 certified aircraft) and four passengers at 200 lbs each unless otherwise noted. Fuel for the NBAA IFR reserves for a 200 NM alternate is also included in the calculation. Turboprops The fuel burn calculation includes taxi, takeoff and climb, cruise, decent and landing for a 300 NM trip. This includes a crew of two at 200 lbs each (one for aircraft 12,500 lbs MTOGW and under) and four passengers at 200 lbs each unless otherwise noted. Fuel for the NBAA IFR reserves for a 200 NM alternate is also included in the calculation. Piston The fuel burn calculation includes taxi, takeoff and climb, cruise, decent and landing for a 200 NM trip. This includes a crew of one at 200 lbs and two passengers at 200 lbs each unless otherwise noted. 30 minute VFR reserve fuel is also included in the calculation.

9 FUEL ADDITIVES The cost of fuel additives used for antiicing or as a fungicide. Also includes the unscavenged engine oil on RollsRoyce Viper engines. LUBRICANTS (Piston Aircraft Only) Cost of all lubricants such as engine oil and transmission oil. MAINTENANCE LABOR Included Routine scheduled (daily and minor inspections), unscheduled and oncondition maintenance labor required for the airframe and avionics along with the routine engine maintenance labor not covered by the Jet Support Services (JSSI) Complete guaranteed maintenance plan. Also includes all labor required for line replacement of parts, removal/replacement labor incident to overhaul of components and labor associated with performing airworthiness directives and mandatory service bulletins. New aircraft maintenance costs show the benefit of warranty coverage. An aging factor is applied based on the age of the aircraft. Labor cost estimates reflect a 10year time period to balance warranty with mature aircraft costs. Not Included Labor required for major airframe and avionics inspections, major engine maintenance covered by the JSSI Complete guaranteed maintenance plan, offaircraft overhaul and repair of components, maintenance labor required for optional equipment aircraft completion items (interior), aircraft cleaning and washing, any administrative labor, stocking of aircraft supplies or travel to repair aircraft. MAINTENANCE PARTS Included All airframe, avionics and minor engine consumable parts required for routine scheduled (daily and minor inspections), unscheduled and oncondition maintenance. Also includes parts associated with airworthiness directives and mandatory service bulletins. New aircraft maintenance costs show the benefit of warranty coverage. An aging factor is applied based on the age of the aircraft. Parts cost estimates reflect a 10year time period to balance warranty with mature aircraft costs. Not Included Parts used in the overhaul of components, lifelimited parts and engines. Also does not include parts required for major inspections, inventory costs, optional equipment, and aircraft completion items (interior). ENGINE RESTORATION COST Engine allowances for each turbine fixed wing aircraft are based on a 10year average of the Jet Support Services, Incorporated Complete program. JSSI Complete covers scheduled and unscheduled maintenance, all required inspections and overhauls, airworthiness directives, service bulletins, and loaner engines. If no JSSI program is available, a manufacturer's plan or estimated setaside to cover equivalent costs is used. All piston fixed wing aircraft use a set aside estimate to cover the cost of an overhaul of the engine at the recommended Time Between Overhaul (TBO). The footnote denotes the engine plan used. MAJOR PERIODIC MAINTENANCE Major Inspections The maintenance labor and parts costs required for major aircraft inspections (heavy maintenance) are not included unless otherwise noted. An example of this would be a D check. Dynamic Component Overhaul and Life Limited Parts The maintenance labor and parts costs required for overhaul of major components and lifelimited parts are not included. An example of this would be a landing gear overhaul.

10 THRUST REVERSER OVERHAUL (Jets Only) The parts and labor costs required to overhaul the thrust reversers with a set overhaul interval. Routine costs for oncondition thrust reversers are included in the maintenanceparts and labor. For aircraft with optional thrust reversers, an allowance will not be shown unless they are installed on half or more of the current fleet. PROPELLER OVERHAUL (Turboprop and Piston Aircraft) The maintenance labor and parts costs required to overhaul the propellers, including the cost of any lifelimited parts. APU MAINTENANCE OVERHAUL Includes all costs associated with the maintenance and overhaul of the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) except routine, minor servicing and maintenance. For Honeywell units, if covered by JSSI Complete, it is their annual fee divided by the aircraft s annual flight hours; otherwise it is the Honeywell MSP hourly rate. For other units manufactured by other than Honeywell, we use JSSI s hourly rates. If the unit is not covered by JSSI, if not we estimate the hourly cost. LANDING AND PARKING FEES Represents typical U.S. charges associated with landing and parking the aircraft away from home base. We use a formula based on the maximum gross weight of the aircraft CREW EXPENSES The costs incurred by the crew when away from home base for accommodations, transportation, and meals incurred by the crew when away from home base. The costs are typical of a major metropolitan area. SMALL SUPPLIES AND CATERING The costs incurred for minor supplies for the cabin and cockpit (flashlight batteries, napkins, toilet paper) and all inflight catering for the crew and passengers. We use a formula based on the number of crew plus passengers and size of the aircraft. Larger aircraft will incur higher costs. FIXED COSTS CREW SALARIES CAPTAIN/COPILOT/FLIGHT ENGINEER These are the annual Captain, Copilot and Flight Engineer salaries for each category of aircraft. Salaries are obtained from a recognized pilot salary survey unless otherwise denoted. Salaries assume a US based crew. CREW SALARIES BENEFITS This cost covers the expense of benefits such as medical coverage and pension funds offered by a typical corporate flight department. This cost is 30% of wages. HANGAR TYPICAL Hangar cost expenses vary by aircraft size. Yearly rental costs for all aircraft are calculated by multiplying the aircraft square footage by the U.S. cost per square foot per year averaged from major business aviation airports in large metropolitan areas. Fixed wing aircraft square footage is calculated by multiplying aircraft length by wingspan. INSURANCE HULL This is the cost of insuring the aircraft against damage. This can be either the insurance premium or the allocated cost of selfinsurance against aircraft damage. We calculate this cost as a percentage of the aircraft hull value. The percentages we use are averaged totals obtained from major insurance underwriters. Keep in mind your insurance cost may be different as these costs are based on aircraft mission as well as pilot and flight department safety records.

11 INSURANCE ADMITTED LIABILITY & LEGAL LIABILITY The cost of insuring against claims by third parties for bodily harm or property damage. This can be either the insurance premium or the allocated cost of selfinsurance. Keep in mind your insurance cost may be different as these costs are based on aircraft mission as well as pilot and flight department safety records. RECURRENT TRAINING This is the cost for recurrent flight crew training using a professional, simulatorbased training program (if available) or the equivalent. This cost includes travel and lodging. AIRCRAFT MODERNIZATION + UNINSURED DAMAGE The cost of installing desired optional service bulletins, avionics upgrades, as well as the cost of repairing damage to the aircraft that is not covered by the insurance (i.e. the cost of the hull insurance deductible or small claims not submitted to the insurance company). NAVIGATION CHART SERVICE This is the cost for an annual subscription to an enroute and approach chart service tailored to the aircraft's operation. This cost will differ depending on aircraft mission. For example, helicopters and piston fixed wing get regional subscriptions; longrange jets get a worldwide subscription. REFURBISHING This is the cost of maintaining the appearance of the interior and exterior of the aircraft. Included is cleaning and repairs of the cockpit and cabin furnishings, reupholstering seats, new carpet, refinishing the cabin furnishings, and repainting. COMPUTERIZED MAINTENANCE PROGRAM The annual subscription cost of a typical computerized tracking and record keeping service for scheduled aircraft maintenance and components. WEATHER SERVICE The annual subscription cost of a typical computerized weather forecasting service. BOOK DEPRECIATION This is a rate schedule used to depreciate the aircraft on a balance sheet. Eight years to a 20% residual value (i.e. 10% per year) is a typical, representative rate. MARKET DEPRECIATION The historical market depreciation experienced by an aircraft based on its residual value. A tenyear average figure based on normal economic conditions with no inflation is used. See the Residual Value Chart in the Cost Supplement. SPECIFICATIONS GENERAL CABIN DIMENSIONS Cabin Height, Width, and Length are based on a completed interior. On cabinclass aircraft, the length is measured from the cockpit divider to the aft pressure bulkhead (or aft cabin bulkhead if unpressurized). For small cabin aircraft, the distance is from the cockpit firewall to the aft bulkhead. Height and width are the maximum within that cabin space. Cabin Volume is the interior volume, with headliner in place, without chairs or other furnishings. Cabin Door Height and Width are the measurements of the main passenger cabin entry door.

12 BAGGAGE Internal baggage volume is the baggage volume that is accessible in flight by the passenger. This amount may vary with the interior layout. External baggage volume is the baggage volume not available in flight (nacelle lockers, etc.). TYPICAL CREW/PASS SEATING This is the typical crew and passenger seating commonly used on the aircraft. This is not the maximum certificated seats of the aircraft. These numbers may vary for different operations (Corporate, Commercial, EMS, etc.). WEIGHTS Maximum takeoff weight is specified during aircraft certification. Basic Operating Weight is the empty weight, typically equipped, plus unusable fuel and liquids, flight 200 pounds each (see Typical crew/pass Seating) and their supplies. Useable fuel is the useable fuel in gallons x 6.7 pounds per gallon (Jet fuel) or 6 pounds per gallon (AVGAS). Payload Full Fuel is the useful load minus the useable fuel. The useful load is based on the maximum ramp weight minus the basic operating weight. Payload Maximum is the maximum zero fuel weight minus the basic operating weight. CERTIFIED/IFR CERTIFIED The first is whether the aircraft is certified (or expected to be). New models in flight test are not certified. IFR Certified refers to whether the aircraft is certified for flight under IFR (for rotarywing aircraft). PRICE Price New (Typical) is the selling price of a typically equipped new aircraft. For current production aircraft this is the price of the current year s model. For out of production aircraft, this refers to the selling price from the last year the model was produced. For aircraft not yet in production, it reflects the proposed price for an early delivery. This figure is in thousands of US Dollars. New aircraft prices do not reflect escalation factors for future delivery dates. Price Preowned Rng is the low and high selling price of the aircraft. Fixedwing aircraft are based on the latest available edition of The Aircraft Bluebook Price Digest and The Airliner Price Guide. SPECIFICATIONS PERFORMANCE RANGE Range 30 Min Res (NM) Seats Full is the maximum VFR range of the aircraft with all passenger seats occupied. This is used for all piston fixedwing aircraft. Range 30 Min Res (NM) Tanks Full is the maximum VFR range of the aircraft with the maximum fuel on board and no passenger seats occupied. This is used for all piston fixedwing aircraft. Range NBAA IFR Res (NM) Seats Full is the maximum IFR range of the aircraft with all passenger seats occupied. This uses the NBAA IFR alternate fuel reserve calculation for a 200 N.Mi. alternate. This is used for jet and turboprop aircraft. Range NBAA IFR Res (NM) Tanks Full is the maximum IFR range of the aircraft with the maximum fuel on board and no passenger seats occupied. This uses the NBAA IFR alternate fuel reserve calculation for a 200 N.Mi. alternate. This is used for jet and turboprop aircraft.

13 BALANCED FIELD LENGTH (BFL) BFL is the distance obtained by determining the decision speed (V1) at which the takeoff distance and the acceleratestop distance are equal (fixedwing multiengine aircraft only). This is based on four passengers and maximum fuel on board (turbine aircraft). For singleengine and all piston fixedwing aircraft, this distance represents the takeoff field length at Maximum Takeoff Weight (MTOW). Please refer to Comparative Field Lengths Jets and Turboprops for a more in depth explanation. BFL is based on a Dry Level Runway, No Wind, NBAA IFR Reserves and 86 degrees F. LANDING DISTANCE For fixedwing turbine aircraft, landing distance is computed using FAR 121 criteria. This takes the landing distance from 50/35 feet (depends on certification criteria) and multiplies that by a factor of No credit is given for thrust reversers. Configuration is with four passengers and NBAA IFR Fuel Reserve on board. For fixedwing piston aircraft, this figure is the landing distance over a 50 foot obstacle. RATE OF CLIMB (Ft/Min) The rate of climb, given in feet per minute, is for all engines operating, at MTOW, ISA conditions. One Engine Out rate of climb is for one engine inoperative rate of climb at MTOW, ISA. CRUISE SPEED Max (KTAS) is the maximum cruise speed at maximum continuous power. This may also be commonly referred to as High Speed Cruise. Normal cruise speed is the recommended cruise speed established by the manufacturer. This speed may also be the same as Maximum Cruise Speed. Long Range Cruise is the manufacturer s recommended cruise speed for maximum range. STALL SPEED (IAS) The stall speed in landing configuration, four passengers and NBAA IFR Fuel Reserves (turbine) or V SO (piston). CEILING Service Ceiling (fixedwing) is the highest altitude at which a 100 fpm rate of climb is possible at MTOW with all engines running. This is NOT the Certificated Ceiling that was established by a regulatory authority. Service OEI is the service ceiling with one engine inoperative.

14 Comparative Field Lengths Jets and Turboprops Discussions about relative field length performance capabilities of jets and turboprops can be very confusing. Most often the confusion arises from the basic differences in operating regulations governing the two types of aircraft. The regulations in question are FAR 23 (for aircraft having a gross weight of 12,500 pounds and under) and FAR 25 (Air Transport Category aircraft with a gross weight of over 12,500 pounds). The philosophies behind these two regulations vary significantly. The more stringent rules of FAR 25 provide the paying passenger with greater safety margins over those deemed necessary for private aircraft. The small turboprops reputation for shortfield operations stems from these regulatory differences. Its required distance to legally takeoff and climb over a 50foot obstacle assumes all engines are operating. No allowance is made for loss of power or an engine or propeller failure. Additionally, the published distance requires no allowance for either being able to stop on the remaining runway or to continue the takeoff on one engine after an engine failure. By contrast, FAR 25 intended for Air Transport Aircraft such business jets and large turboprops, assures their passengers and crew that in the unlikely event of a problem during takeoff, the aircraft can either: Stop within the remaining runway length or Takeoff and climb on the remaining good engine. This is known as Balanced Field Length (BFL). To illustrate how these regulations work, look at a typical situation involving a small turboprop (FAR 23) and a small jet (FAR 25), both seating six passengers. Assume maximum gross weight, sea level, International Standard Atmospheric conditions and a dry, level, hardsurface runway. The turboprop can legally takeoff from a 2,600foot runway: Thus, its shortfield reputation. Now, assume an engine failure at its published rotation speed (V R ) of 94 knots. Its distance to accelerate to V R and stop is 3,400 feet, 800 feet longer than the takeoff distance. If the takeoff is continued after engine failure at V R, then the runway required jumps to 4,750 feet, 82% longer than the takeoff distance of 2,600 feet. The small business jet has a BFL of 4,500 feet in the same conditions, 250 feet shorter than the turboprop under the same contingencies and with the same margin of safety. The turboprop can legally takeoff on shorter runways than most jets. However FAR 23 does not give the same safety margin as FAR 25. In our General Comparison tables for small turboprops, we show Balanced Field Length rather than the usually published takeoff distance.