Real Affordable Costa Rica Plus optional extensions in

Transcription

1 Real Affordable Costa Rica Plus optional extensions in Guatemala: Antigua & Tikal or Nicaragua's Colonial Cities & Volcanic Landscapes and Tortuguero National Park: Ultimate Rainforest Experience 2016

2 Overseas Adventure Travel Real Affordable Costa Rica Handbook Table of Contents 1. TRAVEL DOCUMENTS & ENTRY REQUIREMENTS... 3 YOUR PASSPORT... 3 NO VISAS REQUIRED... 4 DEPARTURE FEE FOR COSTA RICA... 5 NICARAGUA TOURIST CARD... 5 EMERGENCY PHOTOCOPIES... 6 AIRPORT TRANSFERS HEALTH... 7 IS THIS ADVENTURE RIGHT FOR YOU?... 7 STEPS TO TAKE BEFORE YOUR TRIP... 8 STAYING HEALTHY ON YOUR TRIP MONEY MATTERS HOW TO CARRY YOUR MONEY Cash ATMs Credit Cards CURRENCY TIPPING COST OF MEALS SHOPPING OPTIONAL TOURS RESERVE EARLY CLIMATE: A WORD ABOUT THE WEATHER Climate Charts PACKING JUST WHAT YOU NEED YOUR LOCKS & LUGGAGE LUGGAGE LIMITATIONS CLOTHING SUGGESTIONS TRAVELER S CHECKLISTS A WORD ABOUT ELECTRICITY LEARN ABOUT YOUR DESTINATIONS COSTA RICA AT A GLANCE GUATEMALA AT A GLANCE NICARAGUA AT A GLANCE CULTURE & POINTS TO KNOW SAFETY & SECURITY COMMUNICATIONS ADDITIONAL RESOURCES SUGGESTED READINGS SUGGESTED MOVIES USEFUL WEBSITES... 39

3 Travel Documents 1. Travel Documents & Entry Requirements Your Passport Please take a moment to confirm that your passport meets all of these requirements: It should be valid for at least 6 months after your scheduled return to the U.S. It should have the recommended number of blank pages (see below for details). The blank pages must be labeled Visas at the top. Pages labeled Amendments and Endorsements are not acceptable. Recommended number of blank pages Know that this recommendation is based on a worst case scenario. When you are on this adventure, you might use fewer pages, depending on the whims of the Immigration official on duty that day. Since the consequence of having too few pages can be severe you could be denied entry into a country we at OAT feel that in this case, safe is better than sorry, and we strongly recommend that you follow these guidelines. Main trip only: You will require 2 blank passport pages. Pre-trip extension to Nicaragua: You will need 1 more page, for a total of 3. Pre-trip extension to Guatemala: You will need 1 more page, for a total of 3. Post-trip extension to Tortuguero National Park: Does not require any additional pages beyond the 2 required for the main trip. Both a pre- and a post-trip extension: You will need 3 pages total. If you need to renew your passport: Contact the National Passport Information Center (NPIC) at , or visit their website at for information on obtaining a new passport or renewing your existing passport. You may also contact our recommended visa service company, PVS International, at for help with your passport. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 3

4 Travel Documents No Visas Required The following information applies to U.S. citizens only. All visas and fees are subject to change. Costa Rica (main trip and post-trip extension) no visa needed: A visa is not required for entry into Costa Rica. However, you will need to pay a departure fee of approximately $29. Please see the Departure Fee for Costa Rica section on the next page for details. Guatemala (pre-trip extension) no visa needed: A visa is not required for entry into Guatemala. Nicaragua (pre-trip extension) no visa needed: A visa is not required for entry into Nicaragua, however a tourist card for $10 must be purchased on arrival. Please see the Overseas Taxes & Fees for Extensions on the next page for details. Please make sure you get a stamp in your passport upon entering. Embassy contact information If you are staying longer in any of these countries, you should check with their embassy for the applicable regulations: Costa Rica: (202) Guatemala: (212) (for the consulate general in New York) Nicaragua: (202) Traveling without a U.S. passport? If you are not a U.S. citizen, or if your passport is from any country other than the U.S., it is your responsibility to check with your local consulate, embassy, or a visa services company about possible visa requirements. For your convenience, we recommend the services of PVS International, a national visa service located in Washington D.C.; they can be reached at or RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 4

5 Travel Documents Departure Fee for Costa Rica All U.S. travelers are required to pay a Costa Rican departure fee of approximately $29 per person. Depending on your airline, you may have pre-paid this fee as part of your ticket price. Otherwise, you simply pay the fee at the airport in Costa Rica before you check in for your flight home. If your flights to/from Costa Rica are with one of these airlines, then you have pre-paid your departure fee; when you leave Costa Rica, you can skip the line to pay the departure fee and go directly to the check-in counter: American Delta United Copa Avianca, Taca, or Lacsa If you not flying on one of these airlines, then please call the airline in question and ask if your departure fee is included or not. When you pay the fee in Costa Rica, it can only be paid by Visa credit card or in cash. Cash payments can be in U.S. dollars, local currency, or a combination of both. Local officials will usually process credit card payments as a cash advance, for which most credit card companies attach high fees. Therefore we recommend you pay in cash if possible. The amount and the enforcement of this fee is entirely at the discretion of the local government; it is subject to change at any moment without prior notice. Nicaragua Tourist Card In addition to paying Costa Rica s fee, travelers on the optional extension in Nicaragua must also purchase a Nicaragua tourist card for $10 upon arrival in that country. This fee cannot be included in your airline ticket price because you are required to pay it in person onsite. The tourist card can be paid for via cash or credit card. The amount and the enforcement of this fee is entirely at the discretion of the local government; it is subject to change at any moment without prior notice. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 5

6 Travel Documents Emergency Photocopies The smartest and easiest security precaution you can take is to carry photocopies of key documents: the photo page of your passport plus any applicable visas, your air itinerary, and credit card numbers. Add emergency phone numbers like your credit card company and the number for your travel protection plan. Store copies separate from the originals. This can save you time, money, and bother if your documents are lost during your trip. If you don t feel like taking paper copies, consider going digital. Scan everything and it to yourself. That way as long as you have access to , you can access the info you need. Another option is to give copies to a trusted friend or relative at home as a backup that they can or fax to you if you need it. Airport Transfers Please note: If you plan on booking your own international flights or arranging with our air department to arrive/depart on an earlier/later date than standard for your program, airport transfers will NOT be included in your program price. Transfers must be purchased separately, as an optional add-on, and are subject to availability. To learn more, or purchase airport transfers, please call our Traveler Support team at RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 6

7 Health 2. Health Is This Adventure Right For You? We ve worked closely with our local Trip Leaders and regional associates to identify the aspects of this adventure that you should be aware of, from physical requirements to cultural factors. Please carefully review the information below prior to departing on this adventure. We reserve the right for our Trip Leaders to modify participation, or in some circumstances send travelers home, if their condition would adversely affect the health, safety, or enjoyment of themselves or of other travelers. Pacing 6 locations in 14 days with two 1-night stays and some early mornings While this is a mobile trip, the pace is not demanding Physical requirements Not appropriate for travelers using wheelchairs, walkers, or other mobility aids You must be able to walk 3 miles unassisted and participate in 6-8 hours of physical activities each day Altitude 2 days at altitudes of 6,000-8,884 feet Climate Costa Rica has a tropical climate with high temperatures reaching 90 F, high humidity, and moderate-to-heavy rainfall As a narrow isthmus, Costa Rica is influenced by many meteorological systems, making weather prediction difficult Terrain Travel over rural streets, unpaved roads, and rugged paths and trails Transportation Travel via 22-passenger air-conditioned minibus, river raft, and horseback Accommodations & Facilities Some of our lodgings may be quite small or family-run In rural areas, our lodgings may have limited services; rooms may not include TV, phone, or air-conditioning RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 7

8 Health Steps to Take Before Your Trip Before you leave on your adventure, there are at least four health-related things you should do. We ll outline some of these steps in more detail in the following pages, but for now, here s the short list: Step 1: Check with the CDC for their recommendations for the countries you ll be visiting. You can contact them online at wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel or by phone at Step 2: Have a medical checkup with your doctor. Step 3: Pick up any necessary medications, both prescription and over-the-counter. Step 4: Have a dental and/or eye checkup. (Recommended, but less important than steps 1-3.) Medical Checkup After checking the CDC s recommendations, we strongly recommend that you have a medical checkup with your doctor at least six weeks before your trip. (We suggest you check with the CDC first so that you can have an informed conversation with your doctor about vaccines and such.) Topics to discuss during your checkup are: The CDC recommendations. The CDC makes suggestions based on the destination, but that doesn t mean the suggestions are right for you. Your doctor will be able to advise you on what is best considering your unique medical history. Advice on what medicines (if any) to bring. For our suggestions of what types of medications to ask your doctor about, see the section titled Medications that follows. Remember to get a copy of any prescriptions written as a generic drug name so you can replace your medications if they are lost during the trip. Your fitness for this adventure. This is a must if you have any medical conditions or physical limitations. Use the Is This Adventure Right For You? section on previous pages as a guideline. Make certain to review any medical condition you have, particularly cardiac or respiratory disease or diabetes, and discuss the details of the trip itinerary as it pertains to your health. Remember, your trip may take you into remote areas, with no nearby medical facilities. Please notify us in writing about any medical condition that may require special attention. If your report is normal, you don t need to send it to us. If you send us a medical report, we don t use it to determine if you should take this trip, or if you are likely to enjoy it. Those decisions are up to you and your doctor. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 8

9 Health Medications Prescription medication suggestions Of course, you ll need to bring an ample supply of any prescription medications you happen to be taking. You ll also want to talk to your doctor about any medications suggested by the CDC. In addition, we suggest you ask about prescriptions for: An antibiotic medication for gastrointestinal illness A pain medication. You might need this in the unlikely event of an injury in a location where medical attention would be delayed. For travelers on any of the optional extensions: At time of writing, the CDC did recommend discussing anti-malaria medication with your doctor for the extensions. TIP: Anti-malarial medication can have strong side effects, so be certain to ask your doctor first. At time of writing, the CDC characterized the malaria risk on our extensions as low, so your doctor may not feel medication is needed. Over-the-counter medication suggestions When traveling, keep in mind that not every country has approved every medication. Most major brands are OK, but some medications we take for granted are not allowed in other countries. Fortunately, the U.S. State Department offers advice on restricted medications online at (Look under the Criminal Penalties and Special Circumstances sections of each country you ll be visiting. If you don t see anything mentioned, then major U.S. brands should be fine.) TIP: At time of writing, the State Department did not have any special warnings about American overthe-counter medications for Nicaragua or Costa Rica. But they did have the following warning for Guatemala: Pseudoephedrine is banned in Guatemala since it can be used in the manufacture of methamphetamines. (Note: Pseudoephedrine is common decongestant in the U.S.; it is in brand name medications like Sudafed.) Traveling with medications To avoid loss and to have them handy, pack medications in your carry-on bag. For quicker security screening at the airport and a better experience if you get stopped by customs while overseas keep medicines in their original, labeled containers. To be prepared for any unforeseen loss of your medications, you should also bring copies of the prescriptions, written using the generic drug name rather than a brand name. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 9

10 Staying Healthy on Your Trip Health Safe Water In Costa Rica tap water and ice at most of our hotels is safe to drink, but check with your Trip Leader. Bottled water is also readily available. In Guatemala or Nicaragua the tap water is not safe to drink. Bottled drinks, bottled juices, and hot drinks that have been boiled are safe to drink. The most cautious approach is to carry a bottle of drinking water in your day bag at all times. Safe Food We ve carefully chosen the restaurants for your group meals. Your Trip Leader can suggest restaurants for the meal you take on your own. Be very careful with food sold from vendors on the street. In Guatemala and Nicaragua, be careful with uncooked fruit or salads washed in local water. Fruit that you peel yourself is usually safe avoid lettuce and other unpeeled produce. (Fruits and salads in Costa Rica are generally safe.) Electricity Supply Barring the occasional and unpredictable power outage, electricity is readily available on this adventure. However, power outages are more common in Costa Rica than in the United States. Travelers who are dependent on the electricity supply (as in the case of those with sleep apnea) should ensure their apparatus has back-up battery power just in case. Also, because some hotels or lodges rely on generators for electricity, the lighting may not be as bright as you are used to. And at many lodges, your room will be in a separate building from the main reception and the pathways are not always well lit. We suggest that you bring a small flashlight. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 10

11 Money Matters 3. Money Matters How to Carry Your Money Generally speaking, you ll want to bring a mixture of different payment methods some cash to exchange and a couple of cards so that you ll be prepared for any situation. In this chapter, we offer some tips on each type of payment method. One note: Traveler s checks are not recommended. They can be difficult to exchange and are rarely accepted in shops and restaurants. Cash We recommend that you bring some cash with you on this adventure. Cash has a few advantages over other forms of payment. It is more widely accepted than any other form of payment, and sometimes commands a better exchange rate. Cash is also a better choice for rural or undeveloped areas where ATMs and credit card machines are scarce. U.S. dollars in small denominations ($1, $5, $10, $20) are widely accepted in Costa Rica, so there is no need to obtain local currency before your trip. If you do need local currency, it is better to exchange money at a bank or use a local ATM, rather than change money at the airport (the airport as a poor exchange rate). Torn, dirty, or taped U.S. bills may not be accepted for exchange or payment. ATMs On this adventure, PLUS, Cirrus, and other international ATM networks are common in the larger cities, somewhat available in small towns, and hard to find in rural areas or in national parks. In Guatemala ATMs are fairly common, especially in tourist areas. There is limited access to ATMs in Nicaragua. Your Trip Leader will advise you on ATM locations during the trip so that you can be prepared. We also suggest carrying a reserve in U.S. cash to cover those times when an ATM is not readily at hand. (U.S. dollars are widely accepted as payment in Nicaragua, Costa Rica, and are accepted at many businesses in Guatemala.) Using a local ATM on an international network will allow you to withdraw money from your U.S. account in local currency; your bank at home will calculate the conversion rate and charge you in U.S. dollars. However, many banks charge a fee ranging from $1 to $5 for every time you use a foreign ATM. Others will charge you a percentage of what you withdraw. We recommend that you check with your bank before you depart. You ll also want to notify your bank that you ll be out of the country that way when they see foreign ATM withdrawals, they won t put a fraud alert on your account. Lastly, don t forget to memorize the actual digits of your card s PIN number (many keypads at foreign ATMs do not include letters on their keys they only display numbers.) RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 11

12 Money Matters Credit Cards Visa and MasterCard are the most readily accepted credit cards in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua. In Nicaragua, credit cards are more likely to be accepted in urban and tourist areas; it will be harder to use a credit card in the countryside. Even if you do not plan on using them, we suggest you bring one or two credit or debit cards as a backup or for optional tours. We also suggest that you bring more than one brand of card (Visa, MasterCard, American Express) if possible, because not every shop will take every card. For example, although the Discover card is now accepted in some countries outside the U.S., it is not widely adopted, so other brands will work at a much larger range of stores, restaurants, etc. TIP: Many credit card companies have fraud alert departments that will freeze your card if they see suspicious charges such as charges from another country. To avoid an accidental security block, it is a good idea to notify your credit card company you will be using your cards abroad. You can do this by calling their customer service number a week or two before your departure. You should also double-check what phone number you could call if you have a problem with a card while you are abroad. Don t assume you can use the number printed on the back of your card most numbers don t work outside of the U.S.! And speaking of credit cards, please keep in mind that optional tours with OAT can only be purchased with a credit or debit card (if it has a credit card logo and allows you to sign for purchases). Because our headquarters are in Boston, charges may appear to be from Boston or might be labeled as "OPT Boston" (depending on your credit card company). RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 12

13 Money Matters Currency For current exchange rates, please refer to our website your bank, or the financial section of your newspaper. In Costa Rica The official currency is the Costa Rica colón (CRC), but U.S. dollars are widely accepted at local businesses. Bills come in denominations of 1,000, 2,000, 5,000,10,000, 20,000, and 50,000 Coins come in denominations of 5, 25,50, 100, and 500 colónes U.S. dollars are widely accepted for payment, except in situations that require small change (on public transportation, for example). Purchases made with U.S. dollars may receive change back in colónes. Some previous travelers have remarked that breaking large bills ($50s or $100s) can be difficult. In Guatemala The official currency in Guatemala is the quetzal, which is divided into 100 centavos. Bills are in denominations of 1, 5 10, 20, 50, 100, and 200 quetzales Coins are in denominations of 1, 5 10, 25, and 50 centavos; and 1 quetzal U.S. dollars are accepted for payment at many businesses in Guatemala, but not all. Small denomination bills in good condition clean with no tears, no writing, etc are preferred. In Nicaragua The official currency in Nicaragua is the córdoba, which is divided into 100 centavos. Bills are in denominations of 10, 20, 50, 100, 200, and 500 córdobas. Coins are in denominations of 1, 5 10, 25, and 50 centavos; 1 córdoba, 5 córdobas, and 10 córdobas U.S. dollars are accepted for payment at many businesses in Nicaragua, but not all. Small denomination bills in good condition clean with no tears, no writing, etc are preferred. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 13

14 Money Matters Tipping Of course, whether you tip, and how much, is always at your own discretion. For those of you who have asked for tipping suggestions, we offer these guidelines. Listed below are our recommendations for the tips that are not included in your tour price. All tips are quoted in U.S. dollars; tips can be converted and paid in local currency or in U.S. dollars. Do not use personal or traveler's check for tips. OAT Trip Leader: It is customary to express a personal "thank you" to your OAT Trip Leader at the end of your trip, especially if he or she has provided you with individual service. As a guideline, many travelers give $7-$10 per person per day. Housekeeping staff at hotels: $1-2 per room, per night Waiters: Your Trip Leader will tip waiters for included meals. If you are dining on your own, bear in mind that there will be a 13% sales tax added to your bill, and it is common for restaurants in this region to add a service charge (usually of about 10%). If so, there is no need to tip. Taxi drivers: If you are taking a taxi by yourself, keep in mind that tipping is not a common practice, but many people simply let the driver keep the change by rounding up the fare to the next whole number. It is considered polite to give a $1 or so for special service. Your tour price includes gratuities on the main trip and extensions for local guides, drivers, and luggage porters that may assist you during the scheduled activities on your adventure. Cost of Meals Generally speaking, eating out in Costa Rica costs less than it would to dine in a comparable restaurant in the U.S. Our regional staff members suggest that you plan on paying $30-$45 per person for a dinner out with drinks. However, a simple meal at a soda (lunch counter) or small locals-not-tourist restaurant could be as little as $12 a person. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 14

15 Money Matters Shopping It is Overseas Adventure Travel's goal to identify and provide you with shopping opportunities that highlight unique, locally-produced products with good value from reliable vendors. For this reason there may be scheduled visits to local shops during your adventure. There is no requirement to make a purchase during these stops, and any purchase made is a direct transaction with the shop in question, subject to the vendor s terms of purchase. Overseas Adventure Travel cannot be responsible for purchases you make on your trip or for the shipment of your purchases. Souvenirs & Responsible Shopping Costa Rica offers superb craft items at very good prices. Some of the most common souvenirs include wooden bowls, vases, or carvings. Unless it's marked as responsible or sustainable wood (plantation grown wood), these souvenirs may be contributing to the deforestation of Costa Rica. If the item is not marked, please consider asking about the wood s origin before purchasing. In Guatemala, if you re in search of locally made products at a good price, browse the markets. You ll find a good mix of traditional and modern crafts at the Central Market and Craft Market in Guatemala City. Nicaragua is known for its quality handcrafted products. Masaya is a great city to find beautifully made ceramics, toys, leather accessories, wood crafts, and embroidery. Managua is also a great city to find handcrafted gifts. The Mercado Roberto Huembes is the most famous market in Managua and features local crafts, cuisine, and music. The market is open from 7:30 a.m. to 5 p.m. Antiquities Think carefully before purchasing antiquities. Counterfeits are common, and customs inspectors may confiscate genuinely old articles. Bargaining In general, bargaining is not a common practice in Costa Rica, even at the stands of street vendors. Prices at shops and stores are fixed, just as they are in the U.S. Bargaining is common when purchasing handicrafts in open-air markets in Guatemala and Nicaragua. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 15

16 Money Matters U.S. Customs Regulations and Shipping Charges For all things related to U.S. Customs, the ultimate authority is the U.S. Bureau of Customs & Border Protection. Their website, has the answers to the most frequently asked questions. Or you can call them at The top three points to know are: At time of writing, your personal duty-free allowance is $800 for items brought with you. Items totaling more than $800 are subject to duty fees. Items shipped home are always subject to duty when received in the U.S. Even when the shop has offered to include shipping and duties in the price, this typically means shipping to the nearest customs facility and payment of the export duties not door-to-door shipping or payment of the import duties. All additional duties or shipping charges would be your responsibility. Unless an item is small enough to send by parcel service (like FedEx), chances are you will need to arrange shipping or pick-up once the item is in the U.S. and will need to pay customs duties. It is illegal to import products made from endangered animal species. U.S. Customs & Border Protection will seize these items, as well as most furs, coral, tortoise shell, reptile skins, feathers, plants, and items made from animal skins. If You Have a Problem with a Purchase The best way to address a problem with a purchase is to not have one in the first place! So don t forget to examine merchandise before paying for it, check contracts or agreements before signing, and review your receipt before leaving the shop. For major purchases, don t hesitate to ask in advance about the return policy local practice may vary from U.S. standards, so don t assume that you have a certain number of days after the purchase to speak up. But what if you do discover an issue with an item later on? In that case, your best recourse is to contact the vendor directly. For this reason we recommend that you keep a copy of all your receipts, invoices, or contracts, along with the shop s contact information. Expect that any resolution will take longer than it would in the U.S. due to delays in communication, the complexities of international shipping/customs duties, and even cultural differences in how business is conducted. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 16

17 Money Matters 4. Optional Tours Reserve Early During your trip, you will have the opportunity to join optional tours to further your discoveries. Most of these tours may only be booked during the trip with your Trip Leader, but due to limited space we strongly recommend that you pre-book the following optional tour. Pre-bookings must be made at least 15 days prior to departure. Occasionally, space will be available for booking onsite, but this not guaranteed. All optional tour costs are subject to change without notice. Optional Forest Canopy Ride Gear up for a thrilling ride through Costa Rica s lush forest canopy. A moderate, 20-minute uphill hike is followed by a safety talk at the departure point. Strapped into your harness and wearing thick leather gloves, you walk to a platform at the first of ten trees where the instructor sends you off on the ride of your life. Whizzing from tree to tree on a zipline, you experience the thrill of flight while being safely suspended. All around you, the scenery comes to life as you enjoy the panoramic views of the uppermost layers of the forest. Former travelers have commented on how this optional canopy ride is a highlight of their adventure. For those more comfortable with a little assistance, a taxi ride is also available. This means that you and an instructor zip through the canopy together the instructor handles the braking while you enjoy the ride. The cost of this optional tour is $60 per person. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 17

18 Climate: A Word about the Weather 5. Climate: A Word about the Weather Climate by Location As a narrow isthmus, Costa Rica is influenced by the many meteorological systems in the area and it is nearly impossible to predict the weather accurately. But generally, Costa Rica has a tropical climate with high temperatures, high humidity, and moderate-to-heavy rainfall. The country can be divided into four climate zones: the central highlands, the high mountains, the Pacific shore, and the Caribbean shore. Central highlands: This includes the area surrounding the capital, San José. This is the most moderate of Costa Rica s four zones. Days are less hot and humid, and nights are much cooler. But because the influence of the surrounding mountains, fog can gather over the highlands, causing cloudy skies or delays at San José airport. High mountains: The mountains surround the central highlands, and act as a barrier between them and the coast. It can be cool and windy at higher altitudes in the mountains. We travel as high as 11,000 feet, where temperatures can drop into the 30s F at night, but usually the nighttime temperature is in the 50s. Pacific shore and Caribbean shore: Costa Rica s western Pacific shore is hot and humid with heavy rains from May through November. The Caribbean shore to the east is equally hot and even wetter. Note that the humidity, more than the heat, is the biggest inconvenience on either shore. Generally the humidity will start high and then decrease significantly toward the late afternoon hours, except during the rainy season, when the humidity increases throughout the day, resulting in an afternoon shower. Seasons: As a tropical country, Costa Rica does not have four seasons like North America. Instead, the country has two distinct seasons rainy and dry. The rainy season generally runs from May to mid or late November; the dry season is December through April. Because temperatures are fairly steady all year long, the real difference between the two is in the humidity and the amount of rain. The dry season will be less humid, with clearer skies, but the rainy season will have fewer crowds and better foliage (it is also known as the green season). During the rainy season it is very common to have clear skies or even sun in the morning followed by a brief but strong shower in the afternoon, rather then rain all day long. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 18

19 Climate: A Word about the Weather Guatemala (pre-trip extension) Like Costa Rica, the climate in Guatemala depends on the region. The highlands, where we start and end the extension, are represented by Guatemala City s temperatures, and are very pleasant. The low plains of the northern section around Tikal and Flores are hotter, with tropical temperatures and regular rainfall all year round. The most rainfall in the low plains occurs between May and September. Nicaragua (pre-trip extension) Like most Central American countries there is a dry season and a rainy season in Nicaragua. The dry season runs from January to June, and with no rain, plants tend to dry out. June and July are characterized by heavy rainfall, blooming vegetation and sometimes difficult travel on roads. August and September feature one quick downpour per day. Nicaragua is a warm and tropical climate yearround with the exception of the central highlands, which experience cooler temperatures. Climate Charts The following charts reflect the average climate as opposed to weather conditions. This means they serve only as general indicators of what can reasonably be expected. As your departure approaches you may wish to monitor current weather conditions online. Here is the official data from the weather observation stations closest to our destinations: Average Daily High/Low Temperatures ( F), Humidity & Monthly Rainfall MONTH Central Highlands (San José) High Mountains (Cartago) Temp. High-Low % Relative Humidity Monthly Rainfall Temp. High-Low % Relative Humidity Monthly Rainfall (inches) (avg) (inches) (avg)* JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC *data not available RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 19

20 Climate: A Word about the Weather MONTH Central Pacific (Puntarenas) Caribbean Coast & Tortuguero (Puerto Limon) Temp. High-Low % Relative Humidity Monthly Rainfall Temp. High-Low % Relative Humidity Monthly Rainfall (inches) (am-pm) (inches) (am-pm)* JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC MONTH Temp. High-Low Managua, Nicaragua (optional extension) %Relative Humidity (avg) Days with Rain (avg) Temp. High- Low Guatemala City (optional extension) %Relative Humidity (am-pm) Days with Rain (avg) JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Online Forecast Monthly temperature averages for the countries you will be visiting, plus a current 10-day forecast, are available on our website through the My Account feature at RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 20

21 Packing Just What You Need 6. Packing Just What You Need Your Locks & Luggage Luggage Suggestions Checked luggage One duffle bag or suitcase. Due to space limitations on our motor coaches, you are allowed one piece of checked luggage per person. Look for one with heavy nylon fabric, wrap-around handles, built-in wheels, and a heavy-duty lockable zipper. Please do not bring a rigid (plastic shell) suitcase. TIP: Consider bringing a second, empty, lockable bag folded into your main suitcase, with a luggage tag and small lock. Use this to carry souvenirs home. Also, when traveling with a companion we recommend cross-packing, i.e., pack 2 outfits of your clothing in your companion s luggage and vice-versa, in case one bag is delayed. Carry-on bag You are allowed one carry-on bag per person. We suggest a tote or small backpack that can be used as both a carry-on bag for your flight and to carry your daily necessities water bottle, camera, etc during driving excursions and walking trips. Consider a backpack or waistpack that keeps both hands free and distributes the pack s weight onto your back or hips. For the post-trip extension: A small, lockable bag. There are weight limits for your luggage on the boat to Tortuguero. These limits are smaller than the ones on your international flight. To meet the smaller limits, but still be able to bring as much as the main trip allows, you have the option of leaving excess luggage in storage at the hotel in San Jose. To use this left luggage storage, you ll need an extra bag, preferably one that locks. Locks To reduce the risk of damage to your luggage, either do not lock your bags when checking in for flights that originate in the U.S. or use TSA-approved locks. (These are locks that TSA screeners can open and relock with a special tool, avoiding damage to your luggage or lock if a physical inspection is required. Look for the words TSA or TSA-approved on the lock s packaging.) Outside of the U.S., we strongly recommend that you lock your luggage as a preventative measure against theft. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 21

22 Packing Just What You Need LUGGAGE LIMITATIONS Main trip only Pre-trip extension in Guatemala or Nicaragua Post-trip to Tortuguero Number of Pieces Type of Luggage Weight Restrictions Special Size Restrictions? One Duffle bag or Varies by Standard airline size: checked soft-sided international airline. checked luggage should bag and suitcase. Please The current industry not exceed 62 linear one carryon do not bring a standard is 50lbs for inches (length+ width + per hard-sided checked luggage and depth) and carry-on person (clamshell) 15lbs for carry-ons. should not exceed 45 suitcase. linear inches Same Same Same Same Same, plus a bag for storage Same On the boat: Luggage up to 25 lbs, plus one small carry-on Remarks and Suggestions For the carry-on, think small, like a purse or a backpack. The Dirty Harry luggage rule: The limits in the chart above are based on the airlines published restrictions. The enforcement of luggage limits is a matter of airline corporate policy. It may not be consistent in all situations and may include random spot checks, especially for carry-on luggage. Airline penalties and fines, however, will probably be immediate when and if enforcement occurs. Before you choose to go above the airline s published restrictions, you should first ask: Do I feel lucky? (And if the answer is yes, then you should accept that you might be charged a fee by the airlines.) For the post-trip extension to Tortuguero: There are weight limits for your luggage on the boat to Tortuguero. These limits are smaller than the ones on your international flight. To meet the smaller limits, but still be able to bring as much as the main trip allows, you have the option of leaving excess luggage in storage at the hotel in San Jose. To use this left luggage storage, you ll need an extra bag, preferably one that locks. Remember, these limits can change. If the airline(s) notifies us of any changes, we will include an update in your Final Documents booklet. You should also confirm both luggage restrictions and luggage fees directly with your U.S./international airline a week or so before your departure. Doing so will keep you up-to-date on any last-minute changes, new security measures, or new fees. Most airlines are now charging fees for checked luggage, even on some international flights. These fees are not included in your trip price; they are payable directly to the airlines. For your convenience, we maintain a list of the toll-free numbers for the most common airlines on our website under the FAQ section. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 22

23 Packing Just What You Need Clothing Suggestions Functional Tips Most of your clothing should be lightweight and loose fitting to combat heat and humidity. Some previous travelers have suggested clothing made from cotton, linen, or another natural breathable fabric as a way to stay cool. If you like to hand-wash your clothes, look for fabrics that will dry out overnight. You can buy clothing designed especially for travel, with features like wrinkle-resistant fabric or built-in sun protection. Rain gear: You ll want good, light rain gear all year round, but it is especially key from July to November when it will rain almost every afternoon. Chose rain gear you are comfortable in and dry footwear, such as light hiking boots with a built-in Gore-tex liner. Footwear: You ll be on your feet and walking a lot, so choose your footwear carefully. You can find especially supportive shoes designed for walking. Light hiking boots might be useful on some days. We recommend bringing water-going footwear for your raft ride your choice of waterproof sandals, boating shoes, beach shoes, neoprene booties, strap-on sandals, or aqua shoes. Quick-dry fabrics: You can buy shirts and pants designed for travel in a tropical climate. These clothes are made of comfortable cotton/synthetic blends, and will dry out faster. In general, avoid jeans and other heavy cotton trousers because they don't dry as fast. Laundry: Our lodges feature laundry facilities, so you ll be able to have laundry done during the trip. Style Hints Dress on our trip is functional and casual. You might want to bring one slightly dressier outfit for dining on your own at nicer restaurants, or for the Farewell Dinner, but that is completely at your discretion. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 23

24 Packing Just What You Need Traveler s Checklists Did you know that the top two comments travelers have about packing are I wish I had brought less and I wish I had thought to double-check the weather? In an effort to help you bring less, we offer these lists, which have been compiled from suggestions by Trip Leaders and former travelers. The lists are only jumping-off points they offer recommendations based on experience, but not requirements. You might also want to refer to the climate charts in this handbook or online weather forecasts before you pack. And finally, remember the Golden Rule of Packing Light whatever you think you need at first take half the clothes and twice the money. General Clothing Checklist Shirts: A mixture of short and long-sleeved shirts in a breathable and/or quick-drying fabric. Polo shirts are more versatile than T-shirts. A couple long-sleeved shirts for layering are recommended for nights in the mountains. Trousers and/or jeans: Comfortable and loose fitting is best. Avoid tight-fitting jeans. Walking shorts: Cut long for modesty Light cotton or wool sweater as motor coach air conditioning can be cold Shoes and socks: A pair of sturdy walking shoes (or similar supportive sports shoes that offer good traction) is a must. A second pair of shoes ones that can get dirty and wet are also recommended, especially for the rafting excursion and muddy days. These can be Tevas sport sandals, waterproof shoes, or just an old pair you don t care about. For socks, consider bringing a couple heavy pairs for hiking and a couple pairs that can get wet. Light rain jacket/windbreaker with hood or poncho. Although it rains more during rainy season, it can rain any time of year. Wide-brim sun hat or visor for sun protection Underwear and sleepwear Swimsuit Seasonal Clothing Checklist From May through November, please add: Rain paints: A pair of pants in a quick-drying material that can get wet or a pair of waterproof pants. Due to the tropical weather, it may rain any time of the year, but a pair of rain pants is especially useful in the rainy season. Poncho or raincoat with a hood: More useful than an umbrella on nature trails. Keep in mind that it will be warm, so look for something that adds water protection without adding bulk or warmth. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 24

25 Packing Just What You Need Other Essential Items Daily essentials: toothbrush, toothpaste, floss, hairbrush or comb, shaving items, deodorant, etc. Our hotels will provide the basics like soap and shampoo, but if you are sensitive to fragrances or new products, you may wish to bring your preferred brands. Most hotels do not provide a washcloth, so you may wish to pack one. Spare eyeglasses/contact lenses Sunglasses Sunscreen, SPF 15 or stronger Insect repellent with DEET Light folding umbrella (for walking in town during a rainstorm). Refillable water bottle Travel alarm clock, or watch with alarm Pocket-size tissues Moist towelettes and/or anti-bacterial "water-free" hand cleanser A working flashlight is a must! We suggest that you bring a small flashlight because of dim lighting (some lodges are limited by their generators) or to use on the path to your room at night (in some lodges your room will be in a separate building from main reception area). Folding walking stick, for uneven trails Camera gear with extra batteries or battery charger Medicines At time of writing the U.S. State Department had the following warning for Guatemala: Pseudoephedrine is banned in Guatemala since it can be used in the manufacture of methamphetamines. (Note: Pseudoephedrine is common decongestant in the U.S.; it is in brand name medications like Sudafed.) Your own prescription medicines Travel first aid kit: Band-Aids, headache and pain relief, laxatives and anti-diarrhea tablets, something for upset stomach. Maybe a cold remedy, moleskin foot pads, antibiotic cream, or allergy medication. An antibiotic medication for gastrointestinal illness Optional: A strong prescription pain medication for rare emergency purposes Optional for travelers on any of the extensions: Anti-malarial medication discuss with your doctor first RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 25

26 Packing Just What You Need Optional Gear These are items that other travelers have suggested might be useful not requirements. The extra spaces at the end are for you to add whatever you don t want to forget. Lightweight binoculars (essential if birding) Hand-wash laundry soap and plastic hang-up clothespins. Some hotels will offer laundry service at moderate prices. Travel journal/note pad and pens Home address book or list of addresses to send postcards to Photos or postcards from home to use as ice breakers, small gift for Home-Hosted visit Phrase book Inflatable seat cushion for bumpy roads Reading materials RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 26

27 Packing Just What You Need A Word about Electricity When traveling overseas, there are a few differences to keep in mind about electricity. First, the voltage is usually different. Second, the plugs might not be the same shape. Lastly, the availability of power can vary. Voltage Electricity in most of Central America is the same as in the U.S., volts. Plugs The shape of plugs will vary from country to country, and sometimes even within a country depending on when that building was built. Different plug shapes are named by letters of the alphabet Type A, Type B, and so on. By far the most common plug type in Central America is Type A, which is the same as a standard U.S. plug. (Occasionally in Guatemala, you might find other styles of sockets, like Types G and I. But these are not common.) Because electric plugs in this region are American-style, you will not need an adapter. Availability Barring the occasional and unpredictable power outage, electricity is readily available on this adventure. However, power outages are more common in Costa Rica than in the United States. Travelers who are dependent on the electricity supply (as in the case of those with sleep apnea) should ensure their apparatus has back-up battery power just in case. Also, because some hotels or lodges rely on generators for electricity, the lighting may not be as bright as you are used to. And at many lodges, your room will be in a separate building from the main reception and the pathways are not always well lit. We suggest that you bring a small flashlight. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 27

28 Learn about Your Destinations 7. Learn about Your Destinations Before your trip, we encourage you to start learning about the regions of the world you will soon be exploring. The ancient and contemporary cultures of these areas are rich and complex. Even a small amount of background reading can help you make sense of the kaleidoscope of facts and impressions that will come your way. Having some knowledge in advance can complement and enrich what you can learn from your expert Trip Leader. Costa Rica at a Glance Facts & Figures Area: 19,730 square miles Capital: San José Languages: Spanish is the official language; English is also spoken. Ethnicity: White (including mestizo) 83.6%, mulato 6.7%, indigenous 2.4%, black 1.1%, other 6.2% Location: Costa Rica is bordered by Nicaragua, Panama, the Pacific Ocean, and the Caribbean Sea. Geography: Costa Rica has very little flat land. The plains along the Pacific and Caribbean coasts are characterized by tropical forests and beaches. The interior of the country is mountainous and precipitous. Population: 4,755,234 (2014 estimate) Religions: Roman Catholic 76.3%, Evangelical 13.7%, Jehovah's Witnesses 1.3%, other Protestant 0.7%, other 4.8%, none 3.2% Time Zone: Costa Rica is on Central Standard Time, one hour behind U.S. EST. When it is 6am in Washington D.C., it is 5am in José. Historical Overview Early History Small tribes inhabited the area now known as Costa Rica as early as 8000 BC. Clay figurines and decorated vessels suggest that trade and observation of ritual began very early. When Christopher Columbus arrived in 1502, he chose the name Costa Rica, which means "rich coast," because he believed the land would yield vast amounts of gold. However, Spanish conquistadors soon discovered Costa Rica did not contain the mineral wealth they had hoped for. Instead, what they found were tribes of farmers and artisans. These indigenous people were exploited for their labor by the early Spanish settlers, but harsh treatment and foreign diseases wiped the majority of the native population within a century. Because Costa Rica was lacking in precious metals, as well as a supply of indigenous labor, it attracted only a few Spanish colonists. The notion of having to build their own settlements and farm their own land led prospective settlers to move to more developed colonies, such as Nicaragua. As a result, the population grew slowly and Costa Rica remained a poor colony. RAC.RAG.RCN 16 02/22/16B 28