West African Atlantic Explorer, (ZDF) Freetown to Dakar 23 days, departing 16 Mar Contents. Trip Overview

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1 West African Atlantic Explorer, (ZDF) Freetown to Dakar 23 days, departing 16 Mar 2019 Contents Optional Activities Insurance Out of Office Hours Contact Luggage & Kit List Personal Medical Kit Passports Pre And Post Trip Accommodation And Connecting Flights Continuing Your Trip Contingency Emergency Fund Responsible Tourism Electrical A Few Rules Issues On The Trip Our Community Feedback Countries Visited Daily Itinerary Visa Information Important Notes Overland Lifestyle And Trip Suitability Tipping Who Travels With Dragoman? Accommodation On Tour The Kitty Group Size Our Crew And Guides Meals And Group Participation Dietary Requirements Itineraries British Foreign Office Travel Advice and Warnings Health Safety & Security Included Activities Trip Overview Trip Style: Overlanding Route: Duration: Transport: Accom: Freetown to Dakar 23 days Overland expedition vehicle, 4x4, Pirogue (dugout canoe) 45% 55% Hotels, Guesthouses, Campsites, Wild Camps Physical Challenge: EASY EASY HARD Your itinerary may include easypaced day walks, bike rides, and other activities that are not too strenuous. Lifestyle Challenge: HARD This is a fairly challenging trip; you may well be travelling at high altitudes, across deserts or through cold and windy or hot and steamy areas.

2 Route Map Countries Visited Guinea Guinea Bissau Beautiful, untouched countryside Guinea is a country that very few travellers ever visit, but can boast of some of the most beautiful landscapes in the whole of Africa, a strong musical tradition, and very friendly people. You will be awed by the beautiful forests of the Guinea Bissau, a former Portuguese colony, is one of the smallest nations in continental Africa. It is one of the world's least-visited countries, so you'll be greeted with a warm welcome and lots of curiosity! The nation is emerging from its turbulent past and will charm you with its off the beaten track feel and welcoming people.

3 north and the stunning grassy highlands and impressive waterfalls of the Fouta Djallon region, which provides some of the best trekking terrain in West Africa. In the thick humid jungles of the east we'll be able to look for some of the traditional vine bridges spanning over rivers and canyons, a particular highlight in this beautiful part of Guinea. Wild Camping in Guinea Guinea also contains some of the most beautiful and untouched countryside in West Africa, and we'll travel and wild camp through some incredible remote and challenging roads on our journey through the country. A nostalgic trip to West Africa The capital city of Bissau is a city suspended in time, with its crumbling colonial architecture, pastel coloured buildings, and narrow alleyways which are interesting to explore. Moving further inland, the mangrove-lined rivers and tropical vegetation kicks in, signalling a return to the more typical landscapes so associated with West Africa. Rich in culture and tradition, Guinea is one of West Africa's most superb highlights! Senegal Sierra Leone Go overland & experience the real Africa Senegal is one of West Africa's most fascinating destinations. Long white sandy beaches, a superb traditional music scene, a crumbling colonial heritage, a wide variety of landscapes from the dry Sahel of the north to the lush wetlands of the south, the abundant birdlife and friendly people make this a superb place for those who want to explore West African culture, or just kick back and get into the vibe of the real Africa. The cosmopolitan capital city of Dakar is the westernmost point of Africa, and has a beautiful coastal location, a temperate climate and a vibrant atmosphere that reflects the country's modern and diverse outlook. You More than meets the eye Sierra Leone is one of the world's biggest travel secrets, with an exploration of the idyllic tropical beaches of the Freetown Peninsular reason enough to visit! The stunning white sands of Bureh Beach and River Number Two Beach are a paradise of palm trees, sunshine, calm ocean, and the gentle rhythm of local life. Lush mountains meet white sand and turquoise tropical waters, fitting many people's dream of perfection. However, many perceptions of Sierra Leone are quite different. With a sad history including slavery, civil war, and disease, Sierra Leone has endured its fair share of problems. Today the country has a functioning democracy and is

4 can spend time browsing around the museums, the colourful markets, or just relaxing on the stunning beaches. Whether you want to mingle with the trendsetters of urban Africa or be bask in the serene sounds of nature, Senegal is the place to be. moving on from a troubled past. The tenacity, affection and spirit of the people of Sierra Leone is what really defines the country. The capital Freetown is fast becoming a must-visit city in Africa and the lively bars and clubs are abuzz with the latest sounds and rhythms! Further inland is the curious and remote Tiwai Island Reserve, a spectacular sanctuary of wildlife including many primates, a huge array of birds, river turtles, and the elusive and extremely rare pygmy hippopotamus. Back near Freetown you'll find the famous Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary, which rescues chimpanzees and rehabilitates them into the wild. Sierra Leone has huge potential for tourism, and now is the time to visit! The Gambia The Gambia is Africa's smallest country, hugging the shores of the mighty Gambia River. Although tiny, the Gambia contains some of the world's most stunning wetlands and a bewildering array of birdlife. A boat trip around the lush waterways of Tendaba is one of the best locations to spot herons, pelicans, egrets, ibises, hawks, falcons and much more - it's so good that many birdwatchers travel back to Gambia every year to get their fix! The Gambia's idyllic cocktail of sunny days, warm welcomes and the beautiful wildlife of the wetlands makes this a place you will not want to miss.

5 Daily Itinerary Day 1: Freetown ( Sat 16 Mar ) Border information: if you are joining in Freetown, you will most likely enter Sierra Leone at Freetown Lungi International Airport (IATA code: FNA). There will be an important group meeting at 10:00am at the joining hotel - please look out at the hotel reception for a note from your leader with more details about this important meeting. Your leader will collect your kitty and check your passport, visas, and insurance details at this meeting. The afternoon will be free to explore Freetown and it's surroundings. Please note that many of the options listed below will only be possible for those with extra time in Freetown before the start of your trip with us - please contact the Sales team if you would like to book pre-tour accommodation with us to have extra time exploring Freetown. In Freetown we will stay in a comfortable hotel with good facilities. The fastest and most reliable way to Freetown from the airport is by water-taxi, as Lungi is across a bay from the city. The departure times for the water-taxis are linked to each flight in and out of the airport, so there will be transport available for you when you land. Exit the airport and walk to the right, and you'll see the water-taxi office at the end - you'll have to buy your ticket there for USD40 or EUR35, and check in your large bags. You'll take a minibus for 15 minutes, then the watertaxi for 30 minutes. The boat lands at the jetty, where you hand in your luggage ticket to get your large bags back. The jetty is in the Aberdeen district of Freetown, only a 200m walk from our hotel. Just walk up the hill to the main road - the Raza Guesthouse is slightly further down and on the other side of the road. Hotel for the night: Raza Guesthouse Raza Guesthouse 62 Sir Samuel Lewis Road Aberdeen Freetown Sierra Leone Tel Activity See the Freetown Cotton Tree, the city's most famous landmark and home to hundreds of bats that fly out at dusk Approximate Cost Free See the King's Yard Gate, where the ancestors of all modern Creole people will have passed through on their way to a free life after their rescue from illegal slaving ships Free

6 Learn about Sierra Leone's traditional history and cultures at the National Museum Free Visit the Sierra Leone National Railway Museum, a remarkable collection of old trains that was hidden from destruction for 30 years USD 5 Take a boat to the overgrown ruins of the old slaving fort of Bunce Island, from where the ancestors of most modern African- Americans were shipped to the New World USD 150 About Freetown: Freetown, the lively capital of Sierra Leone, is steeped in history and culture. In 1787, British philanthropists founded the "Province of Freedom" which later became Freetown, a British crown colony and the principal base for the suppression of the slave trade. By 1792, 1200 freed slaves from Nova Scotia joined the original settlers, and the city began to grow as the new home for freed slaves. The city became the capital of British West Africa between 1808 and 1874, and was the base for the Royal Navy's mission to enforce the ban on the Atlantic slave trading. In more modern times, Freetown saw a lot of fierce fighting during the Sierra Leonean civil war, and in ultimately unsuccessful attacks from the rebel armies. Today, Freetown is a thriving and bustling city and the centre of Krio culture in West Africa. There are some wonderful highlights nearby, including the famous Tacugama Chimpanzee Sanctuary in the mountains overlooking the city. Day 2 to 3: Freetown Peninsula ( Sun 17 Mar to Mon 18 Mar ) Today we leave Freetown for the stunning beaches of Freetown Peninsular, where we will spend 2 nights. There are a few different options for which beaches we could choose to visit, our favourites being Bureh Beach at the south of the peninsular and River Number 2 Beach in the western part. Estimated Drive Time hours (please note that all drive times given here are the approximate number of hours that the truck will be in motion only, and does not include any time taken for coffee or lunch stops, border crossings, photo stops, activities en route, comfort breaks, shopping stops, toilet stops, etc. The times given are approximate estimates only and whilst given with the best of intentions, the drive times are heavily dependent on traffic, road conditions, weather, police roadblocks, and many other factors - flexibility is essential on any overland trip!). We will have a full day for optional activities on the wonderful beaches -

7 we could go fishing, take a boat to explore the Banana Islands, get to know the local communities, and of course relax on the beautiful beaches! On Freetown Peninsular we will camp on the beach, with some options to upgrade to basic guesthouses. Activity Relax on some of the best beaches in the world dotted along the Freetown Peninsula Approximate Cost Free Take a boat trip to explore the beautiful and overgrown Banana Islands off the coast of the Freetown Peninsula USD 25 Visit the orphan chimpanzees at Tacaguma Chimpanzee Sanctuary outside of Freetown, a wonderful organisation that rehabilitates rescued chimpanzees for their return to the wild USD 15 Head out with the locals in their traditional wooden boats to try your hand at fishing USD 10 Hire surfboards to take out onto the waves of Bureh Beach, one of West Africa's best surfing spots USD 10 Head out on a diving trip around the reefs and shipwrecks off the Banana Islands USD 180 Snorkel through the idyllic waters off the Banana Islands near Freetown Peninsula USD 120 About Freetown Peninsula: Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown is perched on the northern tip of a mountainous peninsular on the Atlantic coast. The peninsular is one of the most beautiful areas of Africa, and features some incredible tropical beaches - the beaches are lined with palm trees, have stunning white sands and glittering blue oceans, and are dotted with lively beach communities and fishing villages. We will normally camp on Bureh Beach, an idyllic stretch of coast on the southern peninsular which features some excellent surfing and boat trip opportunities. One highlight of a stay on the peninsular is to take a trip out to the nearby Banana Islands, a serene and historic island dotted with old buildings and ancient cannons.

8 Day 4: Southern Guinea ( Tue 19 Mar ) Border information: Exit Sierra Leone at Kindia, enter Guinea at Pamalap. Today we will head north from Freetown Peninsular and cross into Guinea. Our co-driver will leave the truck this evening and take local transport to Conakry in order to obtain Guinea-Bissau visas for the group at the consulate there. The rest of us will continue a short way past the town of Coyah and wild camp en route. Estimated Drive Time hours. Day 5 to 6: Labé ( Wed 20 Mar to Thu 21 Mar ) Over the next 2 days we will continue our journey north through central Guinea to reach the town of Labé, the gateway to the Fouta Djallon highland region. Our co-driver will catch up with us in Labé, with everybody's Guinea-Bissau visa obtained. In Mamou and in Labé we will stay in small local guesthouses. Estimated Drive Times hours each day. About Labé: The city of Labé is the second-largest in Guinea, and was founded around 1755 by the Muslim leader Karamoko Alpha mo Labé, who introduced Islam in the region in the 18th Century and founded a theocratic state in Fouta Djallon. The town is the gateway to the spectaclar Fouta Djallon highland region of northern Guinea. Day 7 to 8: Fouta Djallon, Labé ( Fri 22 Mar to Sat 23 Mar ) From Labé we will set off for an included 2-day excursion to the heart of the Fouta Djallon region of Guinea. On the first day we will travel in 4x4 jeeps through very remote country roads to the small rural community of Aïnguel (approximately a 4 hour drive). After lunch there will be a short 3-hour trek to a waterfall viewpoint and to the nearby 'Pont de Pierre' rock bridge where we have the change to swim in a beautiful natural lagoon. On this night we will stay in a very small and basic community-run guesthouse - please note that if the group is large, some people may need to sleep in tents just outside. On the second day there is a long 8-hour trek through the surrounding hills and villages taking in the incredible scenery. We will stop for a picnic lunch next to a stunning waterfall, where we have the opportunity to swim in the lagoon beneath. In the latter stages of the trek, we hope to be able to get to the base of a much larger and incredibly powerful waterfall, although this is dependent on the ground waters having receded enough after the rainy season to make this

9 route passable. Upon returning after this walk, we will immediately drive back in the 4x4s to Labé to spend the night in our guesthouse there. Activity Guided 2-day excursion to the stunning highland region of Fouta Djallon, with treks through the scenic hills to the incredible waterfalls and local villages, and an overnight stay in a community guesthouse Approximate Cost Included in Kitty About Fouta Djallon: The dramatic highland landscape of the Fouta Djallon region consists of many towering sandstone formations, beautiful plains and forests. Erosion by rain and rivers has carved deep canyons and valleys into the sandstone, and have produced some incredible waterfalls to visit- the area has some of the best hiking trails in West Africa, and during our time here we'll stay with a small local community in their tiny guesthouse! Day 9 to 10: Northern Guinea ( Sun 24 Mar to Mon 25 Mar ) From Labé we journey up through the remote hilly areas of northern Guinea on our way towards Guinea-Bissau. The roads on this section are very challenging dirt roads which take us through some incredibly remote areas, and our speed will largely be determined by the state of these roads - although getting to these areas is very special and a great adventure, even more flexibility will be required on these days! We will stop for 2 wild camps en route - the first is likely to be in the highlands before the village of Seriba, the second is likely to be near the border with Guinea-Bissau at Kandika. Estimated Drive Times hours each day. Day 11 to 12: Bissau ( Tue 26 Mar to Wed 27 Mar ) Border information: Exit Guinea at Kandika, enter Guinea-Bissau at Kandika. Today we will drive across the border into the very rarely-visited country of Guinea-Bissau, and drive to its capital of Bissau. Estimated Drive Time hours. On the following day, we will have time to freely explore the city and the old Portuguese centre of Bissau Velho. In Bissau we will stay in a local hotel. About Bissau: Bissau is the small capital city of Guinea Bissau - its old Portuguese colonial centre of Bissau is noted for its crumbling pastel-coloured

10 buildings, bustling backstreets and busy dock area. Still bearing the scars of the civil wars of , the city is quite under-developed - however, it does have a very unique atmosphere and is an interesting place to explore. Day 13 to 15: Cap Skirring ( Thu 28 Mar to Sat 30 Mar ) Border information: Exit Guinea-Bissau at São Domingos, enter Senegal at Mpack. Today we will journey through western Guinea-Bissau and cross the border into the southern Casamance region of Senegal, arriving at the beautiful beaches of Cap Skirring. Estimated Drive Time hours. We will have 2 full days in Cap Skirring, where there will be good opportunities for optional activities such as swimming, biking, fishing, quad-biking and sun-bathing! In Cap Skirring we will camp in the grounds of a good beach hotel, where there will likely be the opportunity to upgrade to rooms. Estimated Drive Time hours. Activity Relax, sunbathe, swim and explore on the idyllic beaches of Cap Skirring and Kabrousse Approximate Cost Free Head out on a fishing trip on the Atlantic near Cap Skirring, having your catch for dinner that evening! XOF Go out on a great day trip on the pirogues along the coast of Cap Skirring and to some nearby scenic islands XOF Hire bikes to explore the beautiful coastline of the Altantic near Cap Skirring XOF 5000 Head on an exhilirating quad-biking expedition down the miles of sandy beaches on the Cap Skirring coast (when available) XOF About Cap Skirring: Cap Skirring is a town on the beautiful Atlantic coast of the Basse Casamance region of Senegal. It is a popular seaside resort with miles

11 of palm-fringed sandy beaches and perfect ocean temperatures. The area has long been populated by fishermen, but the French immigrants first started to use the area for beach tourism back in the 1960s - today it is very popular with Senegalese and foreign tourists, and there are many optional beach activities available here. Day 16 to 17: Tendaba ( Sun 31 Mar to Mon 01 Apr ) Border information: Exit Senegal at Senoba, enter The Gambia at Soma. Today we will head across the border from Senegal into the small country of The Gambia, and head to the famous Tendaba Camp on the southern shore of the Gambia River. Tendaba Camp was the first inland hotel in The Gambia, and is one of the most popular spots in the country for birdwatchers. Estimated Drive Time hours. Tendaba is located opposite the Bao Bolong Wetland Reserve, one of the premier birdwatching sites in Africa. On our full day here we will have an included morning boat trip into the wetlands to spot some of the stunning area's wildlife and natural scenery. We will also have an opportunity to take an optional safari drive around the nearby forests of Kiang West National Park. In Tendaba we will stay in a basic guesthouse. Activity Explore deep into the stunning wetland delta of the Bao Balong Reserve on a motorised pirogue, discovering one of Africa's best birdwatching areas Approximate Cost Included in Kitty Take a fun safari truck ride through the dry deciduous forests of Kiang West National Park GMD 350 About Tendaba: Tendaba Camp, on the southern shore of the River Gambia, was the first inland hotel in the country. It remains incredibly popular with tourists and birdwatchers, many of whom return year upon year to immerse themselves in the wonderful birdlife of the area. The nearby Bao Bolong wetlands and Kiang West National Park comprise of some wonderful mangrove and woodland eco-systems, and are home to over 300 species of birds including vultures, harrier eagles, sand grouse, kingfishers, hawks and falcons! Day 18 to 19: Toubakouta ( Tue 02 Apr to Wed 03 Apr ) Border information: Exit The Gambia at Fass, enter Senegal at

12 Karang. Today we cross the Gambia River on a local transport barge and cross the border into the main part of Senegal, heading to the small town of Toubakouta, situated close to the stunning wetlands of the Sine-Saloum Delta. The ferry can be quite a chaotic local experience! Estimated Drive Time hours (depending on the ferry crossing). On our full day in Toubakouta we will have an optional morning pirogue trip to a nearby village to see a slice of rural Senegalese life and to meet their charismatic female chief. In the afternoon we have an included pirogue trip to the mangroves, the 'Shellfish Island' and the 'Island of Birds' - if the weather is good, there are often some stunning sunsets across the delta. In Toubakouta we will camp in the grounds of a small locally-run hotel. Activity Head out by pirogue to a nearby village to meet the locals (including their female chief!) and learn all about rural village life Approximate Cost XOF 2500 Take an evening pirogue trip into the heart of the Sine-Saloum Delta to explore the fascinating islands and enjoy the spectacular sunset Included in Kitty About Toubakouta: Situated amongst a maze of mangroves, the tiny town of Toubakouta is one of the most beautiful spots on the Sine-Saloum Delta. We base ourselves here to take boat trips into the Parc National du Delta du Saloum, which is teeming with birdlife, features some beautiful mangrove scenery, and is dotted with small islands and villages. Day 20 to 21: Touba, St. Louis ( Thu 04 Apr to Fri 05 Apr ) Today we head north through Senegal to the old colonial city of St. Louis, formerly the capital of French West Africa. On the way we will see the landscape change as we enter the drier Sahel region, and we will stop to see the Grand Mosque of Touba, one of the best known mosques in Senegal and most holy site in the Mouride branch of Islam. Estimated Drive Time hours. On the following day we will have a free day to explore the streets of the old city and take an optional trip to the Langue de Barbarie National Park or the nearby Djoudj Birdlife Reserve. In St. Louis we will stay in a colonial-era hotel with good facilities. Activity Approximate Cost

13 Explore Senegal's atmospheric colonial city of St. Louis Free Marvel at the abundant birdlife in the Djoudj National Bird Sanctuary XOF Explore the incredible landscapes of the Langue de Barbarie National Park on the tip of the sandy peninsular near St. Louis XOF Visit some of the museums of St. Louis, including the Jean Mermoz museum dedicated to the history of the pioneering French aviators that open up the air route from Africa to South America in the 1930s XOF 600 Visit the nearby Guembeul Nature Reserve, the centre for a gazelle reintroduction program and home to the African Spurred Tortoise XOF Visit the stunning Grand Mosque of Touba, one of Africa's largest mosques and the holiest site of the Mouride Brotherhood, a sect of Islam that focuses on hard work as a form of salvation XOF 3000 About Touba: Touba is the second-largest city in Senegal and is the spiritual centre of the Mouride branch of Islam. The area was a remote wilderness until 1887, when Cheikh Amadou Bamba (the founder of the Mouride sect) is said to have had a moment of transcendence and decided to found the city of Touba here. The Mouride branch of Islam focuses on the doctrine of hard work, and sees working as holy an endaevour as prayer - Mourides make up about 40% of Senegal's population and are incredibly influential over the politics and culture of the country. At the centre of Touba is the Great Mosque, completed in 1963 and purported to be one of the largest mosques in Africa. The mosque has five minarets, three large domes, and is the burial place of Amadou Bamba. About St. Louis: St. Louis is an old French colonial town on the Atlantic coast of northern Senegal, nestled at the outflow of the Senegal River on the border with Mauritania. Founded in 1659 by French traders, the town became the capital of colonial Senegal - from 1895 it was also the capital of French West Africa, until both were moved to Dakar in St. Louis was once one of the most important urban centres in Africa, and although its status has become more diminshed since the rise of Dakar it still

14 exhudes a relaxed atmosphere and remains very popular with travellers. The old town on the river's island of Ndar contains many atmospheric old streets and colonial buildings. The nearby Langue de Barbarie sand spit and Djoudj National Reserves are havens for some amazign birdlife such as pelicans and flamingos. Day 22: Dakar ( Sat 06 Apr ) Today our overland journey takes us south to Dakar, the bustling capital of Senegal and the most western point in Africa. In Dakar we will stay in a comfortable hotel with good facilities in the city centre. Estimated Drive Time hours. Activity Approximate Cost Explore the atmospheric and historic Island of Goree XOF 5000 Explore Senegal's bustling capital, Dakar Free Discover the incredible beaches of N'gor and Yoff on the northern edge of the Dakar Peninsula Free See the controversial African Renaissance Monument in Dakar, completed in the tallest statue in Africa and built to symbolise Africa's emergence from European domination, it has been criticised by many for its 'Stalinist' design Free Visit the IFAN Museum of Arts (otherwise known as the Théodore Monod Museum), one of the best museums in Africa with 9000 objects of African art and culture from across the region, including traditional dress, masks, drums, and tools XOF 2500 Visit the Village des Arts, Dakar's hub for local artists to display and showcase their work in a large garden space Free About Dakar: Senegal's bustling, cosmopolitan capital of Dakar is always bursting with life. This is a city of busy streets, colourful

15 markets and vibrant nightlife - at first it can seem chaotic, but embrace the rhythms of Dakar's life and you'll come to appreciate it just as much as the passionate people who live here. The beautiful Île de Gorée is worth a visit, and you can learn about some of the appalling history of the Atlantic slave trade that was once common there in the 18th Century. The Institut Fondamental d'afrique Noir (IFAN) Museum has some great displays of show masks and traditional dress from all across the country. Or you may prefer to just wander the streets, browsing the markets and soaking up the atmosphere. Dakar also has a lively arts scene and you may be able to find some great live music here! Day 23: Dakar ( Sun 07 Apr ) Border information: if you are leaving at Dakar, you will most likely exit Senegal at Dakar Léopold Sédar Senghor International Airport (IATA code: DKR). Today is the end day for passengers finishing their trip in Dakar, and is a free day to explore the cosmopolitan city and perhaps take an optional trip to the famous Île de Goreé. Today is the end day for passengers finishing their trip in Dakar. Please note there is no accommodation included on the trip tonight - please contact the Sales Team if you are interested in booking extra nights of accommodation in order to fully explore and take part in some of the optional activities listed below. Important Notes The routes, activities and places visited described in these trip notes are intentions and are meant as a rough guide only. These trip notes have been compiled to help you prepare for your journey once you have booked. They include the full itinerary and dates, and information about kit lists, meeting hotels, insurance, vaccinations, visas, and other information that will help you get ready for your trip. We update these notes regularly, so please ensure you have an up-to-date version of these trip notes. We intend to follow the planned route but exact night stops and inclusions cannot be guaranteed. It sometimes happens that we decide to make a change to our planned itinerary. This may be for a variety of reasons - climatic, road or bureaucratic conditions may demand it. By their very nature, overland itineraries need to be flexible and the regions that we are travelling through are often unpredictable. We run adventure journeys in off the beaten track areas, which often have poor infrastructure. You should expect that some of these areas do not adhere to 'Western' safety standards. Exploratory Trip Warning - this is a new trip for us! Please note that all or part of this trip is a brand new itinerary, and could be going through completely new areas for Dragoman. This is what we call a New or Exploratory trip, and it means that all the passengers on these trips for the first season are the route's pioneers! However, while we have thoroughly researched all aspects of this new route and put the itinerary together with the best of intentions, please note that your crew will be finding a lot of information out for us on the ground, will be playing a lot of things by ear, and may alter the itinerary slightly in places where

16 it becomes necessary. Most trips will have slight or significant changes made to them after this first season, and frankly we would be very surprised if an Exploratory trip was to run perfectly to the published itinerary. Usually we find that this is rarely a problem but rather an exciting feature, that there are much more pleasant surprises in store than unpleasant ones, and these Exploratory trips are a fantastic opportunity to shape the trip as a group. However, the warning is sincere and these trips must be viewed as Exploratory - if this concerns you or you would rather stick to a tried-and-tested itinerary, then we recommend that you wait a year or two until we have this itinerary perfected following operating it many times, or of course to consider one of the more established trips in our extensive portfolio. Physical Preparation Physical preparation for West Africa itineraries The roads in West Africa can be very rough, which makes for some long bumpy travel days. Much of the area is very hot and humid. It is however all worth it for the spectacular scenery and for travelling through regions that very few other westerners go! Accommodation in the region tends to be very basic. Where there are public campsites or hotels, the bathroom facilities can be very basic, and may be non existent in the case of many of the bush camps on this itinerary. There is never toilet paper provided and shower facilities, if existing, often consists of a bucket of cold water and a jug. Once again, the spectacular serenity and chance to sleep so close to nature makes a little inconvenience all worthwhile and part of the African overlanding experience. Note that not all campsites are as basic as this description; it's just to make sure there are no surprises for you. You will need to be fit enough to help every day with the camp chores (cooking, washing up, general camp set up) as well as putting up and taking down your own tent. There are some long driving days and some early morning starts. Lastly, the step up into the overland vehicle, while not overly high can become tiring and you need to judge yourself to be physically fit enough to haul yourself up and down at least 8-10 times a day, as can the constant setting and packing up of camp. We will be travelling to areas in remote locations where medical assistance will not be available. If you have a medical condition such as a heart condition that would put you at risk, we would suggest that this is not the trip for you. Also, please be aware that should an emergency occur, there is likely to be a considerable delay in accessing medical care, and by joining our trip you accept this risk. Visa Information Many countries that we visit on our travels will require visas to enter. Some are best obtained before you leave home, and others can be obtained en-route. Whilst the ultimate responsibility for obtaining visas is yours, we will endeavour to assist you wherever possible. The visa requirements for your trip vary depending on where you are from and where you are going. The information provided is given in good faith and we do try to keep the visa information as up to date as possible. Please read the information very carefully to make sure everything is clear and you aware of what you need to do. Please also be aware that rules surrounding visas do change, often suddenly, and without prior warning. This is why it is important that you also double-check the information we provide for yourself. For visas that are needed in advance, you may wish to submit the applications directly to the relevant embassy or consulate. If you require any supporting documentation for your visa applications, Dragoman will obtain this on your behalf as part of your trip price - we will contact you to request additional information in order to make this application for you. However, for trips that involve multiple visas, you may find it beneficial to use a specialist visa agency to assist you with your applications. While this does sometimes increase the cost, it usually makes the

17 process much easier for you. As you will often need to submit your passport together with your applications, we recommend that you avoid making any travel plans in the weeks leading up to your departure. Most countries require that your passport is valid for at least 6 months after your entry into the country. For trips that are not yet guaranteed, you may find yourself in the position whereby you will need to start the visa application process prior to your trip being guaranteed - in this situation we still advise you not to purchase flights until your trip is guaranteed. However, you can start your visa application process, ensuring that when applying for your visas or letters of invitation that you allow several days before and after your entry into the country to allow for delays, availability of flights, etc. Sierra Leone Citizens of all countries (except West African countries) will need a visa to enter Sierra Leone as a tourist for up to 30 days. You must obtain the visa in advance, and you cannot obtain the visa at the border in any circumstance. You can either apply yourself directly to the embassy, or hire a specialist visa agency to make the application on your behalf (which is recommended, especially if you are applying for several visas). It takes approximately 10 working days to obtain and is valid for 3-12 months. You will need a copy of a hotel confirmation letter for the visa application, which Dragoman will provide. A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers upon entering the country. Please note that Letters of Invitation are typically issued once a day to the complete group of people that happen to have applied on the same day through the same agent addressed to the same consulate; as such your name, nationality and passport number will appear on a list on the Letter of Invitation alongside other tourists who may be on your Dragoman trip or travelling with other companies, and this list will be shared with everyone on it. As this is a standard practice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we do not have any control over this and cannot get around it; if you view this as an unacceptable breach of privacy, then you will be unable to apply for the Letter of Invitation. Guinea Citizens of all countries (except West African countries, Egypt and Tanzania) will need a visa to enter Guinea as a tourist for up to 90 days. You must obtain the visa in advance, and you cannot obtain the visa at the border in any circumstance. You can either apply yourself directly to the embassy, or hire a specialist visa agency to make the application on your behalf (which is recommended, especially if you are applying for several visas). In an emergency, it has been possible in the past to obtain Guinean visas in 1 day in Accra and Abidjan (for Westbound trips), Dakar (for Eastbound trips) and Freetown (for trips starting in Freetown), however please be aware that the rules on this are notoriously subject to change, so it would be much better to obtain the visa before you travel rather than relying on this. IMPORTANT NOTE - if you are our trip that starts in Dakar and finishes in Accra (or vice versa), then you must obtain a Double Entry visa to Guinea. A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers upon entering the country. Please note that Letters of Invitation are typically issued once a day to the complete group of people that happen to have applied on the same day through the same agent addressed to the same consulate; as such your name, nationality and passport number will appear on a list on the Letter of Invitation alongside other tourists who may be on your Dragoman trip or travelling with other companies, and this list will be shared with everyone on it. As this is a standard practice of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, we do not have any control over this and cannot get around it; if you view this as an unacceptable breach of privacy, then

18 you will be unable to apply for the Letter of Invitation. Guinea Bissau Citizens of all countries (except West African countries) will need a visa to enter Guinea Bissau as a tourist for up to 90 days. The easiest way to obtain the visa will be en route whilst in West Africa, with the help of your tour leader. On Southbound trips, your crew will visit the Guinea Bissau Consulate in Ziguinchor, Senegal in order to make the application on behalf of everyone in the group; on Northbound trips, your crew will do the same in Conakry, Guinea. This is a simple process which is done in 1 day, please bring 2 passport photos for the application. At the time of writing (2014), the visa costs are USD80 from the consulate in Conakry or USD40 from Ziguinchor. A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from all travellers upon entering the country. Senegal Citizens of all countries will not need a visa to enter Senegal as a tourist for up to 90 days. The excpetion to this rule are passengers from Australia. In March 2019 Senegal have started to enforce tourist visas for Australian citizens. You should get a free visa stamp if you enter at Dakar airport. As the system is very new you must double check your passport gets stamped with the visa on arrival otherwise you will encounter issues as you try to cross a land border. If you do not enter Senegal through Dakar airport the visa can be obtained in Freetwon for a cost of 150 USD and 2 passport photos. This visa takes two days to process. You can not obtain the visa at a land border. A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers coming from areas with risk of yellow fever transmission (including transiting through an airport in an area of risk). The Gambia Citizens of the UK, Ireland, Australia, New Zealand, Canada and most EU countries will not need a visa to visit The Gambia as a tourist for up to 90 days. Citizens of the USA, France, Spain and Portugal will need a visa, but this can be obtained on arrival at the border. Citizens of South Africa, Slovakia and Ukraine will need a visa and this must be obtained in advance. Citizens of other countries should check with the relevant consulates as to whether a visa is required. If a visa is required, you will need to obtain it in advance. A valid yellow fever vaccination certificate is required from travellers coming from areas with risk of yellow fever transmission. Personal Spending West Africa Currencies and Cash In North and West Africa we recommend bringing Euros and not US Dollars. Please note that although we do quote kitties, personal spending and other items in US Dollars (because we operate globally), for trips passing through these countries it is better to bring Euros as exchange rates are more favourable. It is still possible to change USD if you need to. If you pay the kitty in EUR, the trip leader will confirm the exact exchange rate between USD and EUR to be used for the kitty at the pre departure meeting. It is very easy to change your money into local currencies at borders and in most towns, so it is not really

19 worth trying to buy local currencies before you travel. Do also bear in mind that many countries have strict regulations about the amount of their own local currency you are allowed to import - if you are found with amounts in excess of the allowed amounts, it may well be confiscated! For obvious security reasons we hesitate to recommend you bring lots of cash with you, but in West Africa travellers cheques are almost impossible to change so for that reason we recommend a mix of cash and ATM cards. Please note that most ATMs only take Visa cards NOT Mastercard. You should take a mixture of denomination notes. Banks and moneychangers in most countries will now only accept bills with a metallic strip running top to bottom of the bill and which are no more than 8 years old. You should not take worn or damaged notes, or any that have been written on. Cash machines are readily available in most areas but are not always reliable therefore we recommend that you do not rely on them as your only source of cash. Credit cards such as Visa and American Express are the most commonly accepted, but be prepared for very high commission charges. Please do not rely on cards for daily use, as they are not always accepted outside of larger towns and cities. Please bring the majority of the money you intend to change in large denominations (USD/EUR100 and 50 bills) as the exchange rate is often significantly worse if you try to change smaller bills; however, it is also a good idea to have some smaller bills as well, as in more remote areas it can be hard to change amounts over USD50. Personal Spending - Africa Based on the range that previous travellers have spent on our trips in all of Africa, we recommend you allow between USD10 and USD20 per day. This will cover individual expenses such as drinks, meals whilst out (when staying in cities), souvenirs, tips and personal permits. What else you need to know Overland Lifestyle and Trip Suitability Dragoman was founded in 1981, and has had many years of experience of leading overland trips across 4 continents. Overlanding is all about sharing a great travelling experience with like-minded people. On your trip you ll travel in one of Dragoman s purpose-built iconic expedition vehicles on an off the beaten track adventure along rugged roads, experiencing the sights, sounds and smells of the world up-close. Your journey will be overland, sometimes across vast distances, so some long days spent driving are inevitable - but these will be interspersed with breaks of a day or two at a destination or activity. On an overland journey, you are more than just a passenger and everyone gets involved setting up camp - we supply the tent but it s up to you to pitch it! As part of your trip, you will be assigned a truck job which could be collecting firewood or water, luggage loading, organising food, stores, etc. Like all great adventures, the more you put in the more you'll get out! We are looking forward to welcoming you on one of our overland journeys, but before we do there are a few things we would like to draw to your attention. Who Travels with Dragoman? Our groups are made up of people from around the world, and are always an interesting mix of nationalities and ages. On average there is a pretty even split between males to females, and between solo travellers, couples and small groups of friends. We believe that overlanding should be open to as many people as possible, and so although we have a minimum age limit of 18 (or 7 on our Family Trips), as long as you are fit, healthy and passionate about travel, we are happy to take you, whatever your age is. One of the wonderful aspects of group travel is the camaraderie and friendships that are formed along the way, and the variety of people that you will meet. Group Size

20 The maximum group size we take on our overland journeys ranges from 19 to 22 depending on the geographical location; however the average number of passengers is more likely to be around 16. Please note that there is an overlap of 2 trips in Cuzco and during the Inca Treks. This means a group starting a trip in Cuzco will embark on the Inca Trail at the same time as a group finishing in or travelling through Cuzco. In practical terms this means there could be more than 22 group members in Cuzco and on the Inca Trail at the same time. Please note that there is also an overlap of 2 trips in Zanzibar. This means a group starting a trip in Nairobi, for example, will visit Zanzibar at the same time as a group starting their trip there. In practical terms this means there could be more than 22 group members in Zanzibar at the same time. Please also note that on some departures there may be more than one truck doing the same route. This means that you will be in the same hotel or campsite as another Dragoman group on some days. To ensure that you are not always at the same place at the same time as another group, your itinerary will most likely be slightly altered from the itinerary advertised in these trip notes. Our Crew and Guides Our crew are passionate about travel and are always up for adventure. It takes someone special to become a Dragoman leader. Our crew undergo the most intensive training program of all the overland companies, spending 8 weeks learning the ropes at our base in Suffolk, UK, and then up to 6 months on the road as a trainee. Our crew are trained to manage and operate the trip safely and efficiently and their duties include: planning the trip according to the itinerary, driving and maintaining the truck, securing services of local guides, general logistics, health and safety, liaising with bureaucracy, dealing with issues where needed and offering advice and support to our customers. In addition they have a basic knowledge of the places visited and will be able to offer suggestions of things to do and see. Dragoman endeavours to provide the services of experienced crew, however, due to the seasonality of travel, situations may arise where your tour leader is new to a particular region or training other crew, new to the area. On all Dragoman overlanding trips, we usually have 2 western crew but please be aware that there may be times when one crew member has to leave the trip due to unforeseen circumstances such as visa issues, illness of a group member, etc. On some of our trips we have 1 western crew and 1 local driver instead of 2 western crew. On trips south of Nairobi in East and Southern Africa we will also have an African camp master/cook who is in charge of running the camp and organising all of the meals. Their knowledge of the local produce makes shopping at the markets great fun and you will learn how to prepare and cook some unusual dishes. On the majority of our trips in Ethiopia, Sudan, Central Asia, China and South East Asia, in addition to our crew we will have a local guide on board who will travel with us for the entire duration of our time within one country. In these cases, the local guide becomes a third crew member and is able to offer their local knowledge as well as an insight into their country and the lives of the local people. In most other areas of Africa, the Americas, India and Turkey, in addition to our crew we will employ local guides in specific locations of interest (for just a few hours up to a few days). Your crew have a duty of care to all members of the group and therefore they have the authority to ask you to leave the trip if you require serious medical assistance, you are behaving in an anti-social manner or refuse to comply with local laws and customs. In all matters relating to the trip, the leader's decision will be final and we appreciate your respect of this. Accommodation on Tour Dragoman's overland trips are designed for shared accommodation, whether camping or staying in hotels or hostels, and therefore do not involve a single supplement. Whilst our crew will do their best to accommodate couples travelling together in twin rooms, all our travellers should expect to stay in multi-share accommodation when staying in hostels, gers or yurts. The type, variety and standard of accommodation will vary greatly depending on what options are available at the time; hotels can vary from very basic rooms without electricity or running water to high

21 standard hotels with good facilities! Generally in hotels most rooms will be single sex, twin-share, but in South America many rooms are triple/quad-share. Hostels, gers and yurts are nearly always multi-share and may be mixed sex. The campsites will range from rather basic to those with excellent facilities, including swimming pools, restaurants and bars. In some cases it may also be possible to upgrade locally to bungalows, lodges or even tree-houses. One of the highlights of overlanding is that in more remote areas we wild camp away from the tourist crowds. Occasionally on some of our trips we are able to stay in villages or local homestays allowing us to get close to the indigenous population and ensuring that our money stays within the local community. The Kitty In addition to the trip price on our overlanding trips, you will also be required to pay a kitty specified for your trip (please note that there is no kitty on our Family Trips). The kitty is payable in installments at the start of each section of the trip for combination trips, and in full at the start of the trip for individual trips. Each customer joining a trip pays their kitty into a central fund. The fund is managed by the Dragoman crew and the kitty accounts can be viewed by all throughout the trip. The kitty covers all things that the whole group does, such as: Hotel accommodation and campsite fees Meals whilst camping (not whilst staying in hotels) Activities listed as included (e.g. National Park or historical site entrances, excursions, etc.) The kitty system is unique to overlanding and allows us to have flexibility and transparency on our trips. You can see exactly how your money is being spent and ensure that you are getting the best value by buying locally. It also helps to keep the costs competitive and save on administration costs so that we can pass the saving on to you. Dragoman makes NO PROFIT on kitties, as they are the group's fund. If there is money left in the kitty at the end of your trip, then this is divided between the group and you receive a refund. Once you book your trip it is very important that you check our website on a regular basis and just before departure for any changes to the kitty amount. We constantly update the kitty prices on our website and the kitty advertised in the brochure is an estimate at the time of printing. Prices can go up or down with no notice, and exchange rate fluctuations will affect costs. The kitty is payable in full at the start of your trip (in instalments at the start of each individual trip on combination trips). Alternatively you can pay in advance via a bank transfer 3-4 weeks before the start of your trip - please see for more details - this information sheet will also be sent in your booking confirmation upon booking a trip and can be found on Please also note that prepayment is not available for our trips to West Africa, Iran, Tajikistand and any trip in Africa north of Nairobi. If you are bringing the kitty out in cash, please ensure your USD notes (EUR notes if your trip goes through West Africa) are clean and undamaged and no more than 8 years old. If needed, your tour leader will be able to accept some of the kitty in local currency, and they will let you know the exchange rate locally. In most destinations you can withdraw local currencies from ATM machines, using either a cash passport or a credit/debit card. However, please bear in mind that most cards have a maximum withdrawal amount per day, local ATMs may run out of cash, and your bank could block the card despite you warning them of your travel plans, so it could be impractical to try to get the entire kitty out from an ATM. We cannot accept traveller's cheques on our trips. Meals and Group Participation On an overland journey you are more than just an individual passenger - you're part of the team. You are