RNP AR Experience Phil Rakena PBN Project Manager February 2015 1
What is PBN? Area navigation, using on-board systems to provide position and confirm navigation performance. PBN represents a shift from sensor-based, to performance-based navigation e.g. RNAV 2 = TSE +/- 2nm 95% time 2 Airways PBN
PBN Nav-Specs Area Navigation Old RNP Specs: B-RNAV P-RNAV AUSEP RNP / RNAV US RNAV RNP 10 RNP 4 unsafe, inefficient costly & confusing 3 Airways PBN
Policy ICAO Guidance SARPs and PANS AN37/11; Doc 9613, 4444, 8168, 9905; Cir 336, ASBU etc. Global Air Navigation Plan (GANP) Asia-Pacific Regional PBN Implementation Plan PBN Implementation Plan NZ National Airspace and Air Navigation Plan New Southern Skies 4 Airways PBN
Regulations Civil Aviation Act 1990 (Amended 11Apr08) Rule Part 19 Subpart D IFR Operations: GNSS Rule Part 91.246 Operations in RNP designated airspace Rule Part 91.501 General requirements Rule Part 91.519 IFR Communication and Navigation Equipment Advisory Circular AC91-21 Op. Approvals Aeronautical Information Circular (AIC) AIP Supplement (Effective 18 Oct 12) PBN Implementation Queenstown, Invercargill and Wanaka AIP (Effective 15 Nov 12) STARs at CH; SIDs/STARs at QN and NV Enroute Charts (ERCs) Visual Nav Charts (VNCs) 5 Airways PBN
Collaboration Close Partnership Approach Airlines Airport Company Airways (Project controller) GEAD CAA GA GE NAVERUS 6 Airways PBN
Terminology o Required Navigation Performance with Authorisation Required (RNP AR). o Total System Error (TSE) may be as low as 0.10 nm, with Radius to Fix (RF) turns o Lower minima in mountainous terrain o Short approach with precision ground path set to minimise noise impact Fly-by Buffer Leg Buffer RF Turn 7 Airways PBN
Separated SIDs and STARs 8 Airways PBN
Access & Capacity Reduced Track Miles / Flight Time / Fuel Burn / CO2 Emissions RNP AR Tailored Arrival RNAV Arrival Radar Vectors 9 Airways PBN
Queenstown Rwy23 Traffic 10 Airways PBN
Queenstown Rwy05 Traffic 11 Airways PBN
Queenstown PBN results MONTH CAM Ground Delay In-flight Delay Number of Aircraft AVG Delay per Aircraft AVG PRIOR NOV 2012 550mins 2,400mins 360 6:15mins NOV2014 56mins 435mins 468 :56secs Additional Track miles for separated SIDs/STARs, but Most arrivals ever recorded for November. Ground Delay down 90% Inflight Delay down 80% Jet payloads up 5-15 pax Fewer diversions Network more predictable Available capacity up 200% ATC workload reduced 12 Airways PBN
Movements / Congestion Effective Runway Hour Flow Management 35.0 World Airport Runway Demand/Capacity Balance 30.0 25.0 20.0 15.0 10.0 5.0 0.0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Number of Runways World Airports NZAA - Auckland International Airport, New Zealand YMML - Melbourne International Airport, Australia YPPH - Perth International Airport, Australia YBBN - Brisbane International Airport, Australia YSSY - Sydney Airport, Australia YBCS - Cairns International Airport, Australia YPAD - Adelaide International Airport, Australia 16 Airways PBN
Minutes of delay Enable 4D-ATM 30,000 In-flight delay/month: Auckland-Wellington city pair 25,000 20,000 THE CFM EFFECT - Combined delays on Auckland - Wellington city pair averaged 28,000 minutes per month. From January 2009 delay averages below 5,000 minutes per month, and since May 2013 delay average is less than 3,000 minutes per month with less than 1,000 minutes of that at Auckland. 15,000 10,000 5,000 0 17 Airways PBN
Expedition/Noise Reduced Track Miles / Flight Time / Fuel Burn / CO2 Emissions RNP AR Tailored Arrival RNAV Arrival Radar Vectors 18 Airways PBN
Noise Auckland Smart Trial RNP AR APCH Short Efficient Noisy Withdrawn 19 Airways PBN
Iterative 20 Airways PBN
Iterative 21 Airways PBN
Modified RNP AR APCHs Auckland Smart Trial RNP AR APCH Higher (6,000ft) CA Wider/faster (190 IAS) Revised groundpath Efficient Less noise impact 10/day per APCH Discussion: Consultation, CA, Speeds, Noise, LIP, Coding, Testing 22 Airways PBN
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Normalising PBN Knowledge - Management, PMs, Pilots and ATC, Trainers, Supporters o CAA, ANSP, GEAD, Airports, Operators, GA, Military, Community Resource - Budget (Metrics/BCI); Time (complex); People: Skilled Technology Avionics, Navaids, Surveillance, ATM RNP AR, GBAS, SBAS ICAO - Separations, RTF Phraseologies, RNAV Vis, WPT Names CAA equipage/approvals (AC91-21); airspace containment; RAIM <0.3; contingency; sole-means; SBAS Airways Consultation; ATMS auto-allocation; sequencing tools (AMAN); ICAO 2012; scope; schedule; VNAV; Radar vs Procedural ATC; ATC/FIS Operators - Fleet equipage; Coding for different types/operators GA/Helo s/vfrs - RNP 0.3 (H), CTR fit for VFRs, Airports/Community Consultation, service, QN night ops 26 Airways PBN
27 Questions?
Links Performance Based Navigation NZCAA http://www.caa.govt.nz/pbn/pbn.htm https://www.caa.govt.nz/naanp/naanp_home.htm http://www.nss.govt.nz/ Auckland RNP AR ApproachTrial http://aucklandflightpathtrial.co.nz/ ICAO PBN ikit http://www.icao.int/safety/pbn/sitepages/pbn%20ikit.aspx Global Air Navigation Plan http://www.icao.int/sustainability/pages/ganp.aspx ASBU Framework http://www.icao.int/sustainability/pages/asbu-framework.aspx CANSO PBN Best Practice Guide (pending!) https://www.canso.org/publications Eurocontrol - PBN Training Module http://pbnwbt.ecacnav.com/pbn_package_site/ 28 AirNZ PBN & MLat