Food and Water Management in Japan - History and Future - Dr. Kotaro Takemura Secretary General, Japan Water Forum
1 Rice farming civilization in Japan was born in wetland 3000 years ago
The topography of the Kanto region today Scale 1-1
The topography of the Kanto region 6,000 years ago Scale 1-2
Kameda-go land improvement district in Niigata Prefecture 1-3
Japanese and Nature from Life Nature Library Source: Time Life Books Photo by Hiroshi Hamaya 1-4
Source: Yomiuri Shimbun 1-5
Minowa Kanasugi Mikawashima (Nippori, Tokyo) by Hiroshige 1-6
Mikawashima (Nippori, Tokyo) today 1-7
2 Tokugawa Shogunate : Edo-Period - 1600~1850 - Flood Control and Water Resources Development
Rivers in the Kanto Plain 1,000 years ago. 2-1
Cyoshi, Pacific Ocean Tokyo Tone River & Edo River 2-2
Cyoshi,Pacific Ocean Tokyo Flood, Tone River & Edo River 2-3
Rice planting 150 years ago (Hiroshige Ando) 2-7
Paddy field scenery in Japan Source: Rice in Japan (Kazuko Toyama) 2-8
Dam in Tora-no-mon, Edo built in 1606 (Hiroshige Ando) 2-10
Tora-no-mon, today 2-11
1632 1670 Development Progress in Edo 2-12
Ukiyoe by Hiroshige The Tamagawa-josui, an open channel, built in 1653 2-13
3 Tokugawa Shogunate : Edo-Period - 1600~1850 - Material Circulation Civilization
Urine Broker Conveyance of Human Excrement Ash Broker Human Excrement Brokers Edo Period 3-1
Owai-ship from Shamisen Bank to Sumida River Shoun Yamamoto, 1908 3-2
Human Excrement Conveyance in front of Kyoto Station, 1950 Source: Nihon-ga Ichiban Kurushikatta Toki, Mainichi Shinbun Sha, 2001 3-3
Rich Tokyo Bay by Hiroshige Ando 3-4
Tokyo Port by Hiroshige Ando 3-5
Town in Edo by Hiroshige Ando 3-6
4 Toward Modern Era - 1850~2000 -
A picture of the arrival of Commodore Perry (1853) 4-3
Development of the heavy and chemical industry 120 Years Ago 4-5
5 Toward Modern Era - 1850~2000 - Water Resource Development
Japanese rivers are steeper than foreign rivers. When it rains, the water streams down from mountains to the sea in just a short time Comparison of gradients of rivers in Japan and foreign countries Rhein Loir Joganji Abe Tone Shinano Colorado Chikugo Yoshino Seine Kitakami Mekong Altitude Estuary Distance from estuaries Japanese floods are short sprint runner type 5-1
Drought in Paddy Field Source: Tanzawa Plain Land Improvement District 5-2
People waiting for water supply In 1964, Minato-ku Tokyo Source: Mainichi Shimbun 5-9
The Shiroyama Dam The Yagisawa Dam The Miho Dam The Miyagase Dam Dams in Tokyo and neighboring prefectures 5-10
6 Toward the Future
Snow Disappearance due to Global Warming Ceaseless Efforts for Water Resources
Prediction of averaged global temperature deviation Standard year: 1890-1920 Measurement Data Prediction Data Temperature ( ) Source: Dr. Yoshiro Manabe 6-1
Alpine Glacier 40 years ago Dr. Michiko Imai 6-2
Alpine Glacier at Present 提供今井通子博士 6-3
The Himalaya (Eastern Nepal) in 1978 6-4
The Himalaya (Eastern Nepal) in 1998 6-5
Snow Depth Historical Snow Depth Trend in Toyama, Japan 6-6
Present 100 years from now Temperature Distribution in Japan 6-7
Present 100 years from now Snow Depth Distribution in Japan 6-8
River Flow (m 3 /s) Present 100 years from now 1/1 2/1 3/1 4/1 5/1 6/1 7/1 8/1 9/1 10/1 11/1 12/1 River Flow at Tone River 100 years from now 6-9
Water Reducing Depth (mm/day) Niigata Prefecture Rice Type: Koshihikari Paddy Field Preparation Stage Root Taking Stage Active Tillering Stage Panicle Stage Head Spout Stage Grain Filling Stage April May June July August September Water Usage for Rice Cropping in Snowy Region 6-10
The Shiroyama Dam The Yagisawa Dam The Miho Dam The Miyagase Dam Dams in Tokyo and neighboring prefectures 6-11
Natural Reservoir (Deposited Snow) is disappearing in 21st Century Bank Raising of Existing Dam 6-12
Bank Raising of Miyaka Dam 32m 44m 6-13
y 10m Dam Height 10 million m 3 10m 10m 1 million m 3 Reserve Capacity x 10m Effect of Dam Raising 6-14
Bank Raising of Mitaka Dam Nomi Island, Hiroshima 6-15
7 Worldwide Depletion of Natural Resources Ceaseless Efforts for Material Circulation
1 billion ton Phosphate Rock Distribution 7-1
Standard Year: 1996-1997 = 100 P 2 O 5 Reserve: 7 Billion ton Lifetime Prediction of Phosphate Rock Data: CEEP 7-2
Birds Waste to Fertilizer in Paddy Field 7-3
Duck 7-4
Cyclical Use of Animal Waste for Fertilizer 7-5
8 Rich Ecosystem for Food Self-Supporting
Food Self-Sufficiency Rate in 1999 Main Products Others Rice Vegetable Wheat fishery product Soya bean Orange Tea Seaweed Mushroom Meat Hen s Egg Food Self-Sufficiency Rate in Japan 8-1
1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2001 180000 160000 140000 120000 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 輸入量 ( 冷凍 ) 輸入量 ( 生鮮 ) 総生産量 Import (Frozen) Import (Fresh) Production 国内流通量毎年 10 万トン以上の流通消費がある 2000 年の 1 世帯あたりの年間消費量は 2kg ( 全国 46782 千世帯 ) 家計調査年報 ( 出展 ) アサリ資源をめぐる状況 水産庁増殖推進部研究指導課研究企画官町口裕二 Amount of Production/Import (ton) 生産量 輸入量 ( トン ) ( 昭和 30 年 ) ( 昭和 35 年 ) ( 昭和 40 年 ) ( 昭和 45 年 ) ( 昭和 50 年 ) ( 昭和 55 年 ) ( 昭和 60 年 ) ( 平成 2 年 ) ( 平成 7 年 ) ( 平成 13 年 ) Amount of Domestic Clam Supply Clam Self-Sufficiency Rate in Japan 8-2
Blue Tide in Tokyo Bay 8-3
Damage Caused by Blue Tide (September 1994) Source: Ichikawa City Gyotoku Fisheries Cooperative 8-4
Depth (m) Tokyo Bay s Seafloor Topographic Map in 2000 Seino Laboratory, Tokyo University 8-5
Depth (m) Tokyo Bay s Seafloor Topographic Map in 1948 Seino Laboratory, Tokyo University 8-6
Global Water Shortage Situation and Activities in Asia
665 million people in Asia Pacific Region (1 Billion people in the Earth) were still without access to safe drinking water. Population without improved water source by region in 2004(in millions) 10-1
1.9 billion people in Asia Pacific Region (2.5 Billion people in the Earth) were still without access to improved water source. Population without improved water source by region in 2004(in millions) 10-2
Asia Pacific Water Forum Born in 4 th World Water Forum 10-3
Joint Declaration of Asia Pacific Water Forum Establishment 4 th World Water Forum 2006/3/16-22 Mexico City Participants: 19,800 Countries & Regions: 149 Day of Asia Pacific 2006/3/21 10-4
Official Launching Ceremony of the Asia-Pacific Water Forum (APWF) 2006/9/2/7 Manila, Philippines (at Asia Development Bank) Participants :over160 Organizations :over30 Announcement Start of APWF s Website Place of 1 st Asia Pacific Water Summit Opening Speech delivered by Mr. Mori 10-5
1 st Asia Pacific Water Summit 1. Venue: December 3 rd and 4 th, 2007 2. Place: Beppu, Oita, Japan 3. Organizer: Asia Pacific Water Forum, Steering Committee of the 1 st Asia Pacific Water Summit Beppu, Oita Kyoto Tokyo 10-6
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