ATA/ACI-NA Deicing Management Presentation Michael E. Morgan Manager Environmental Health Services Delta Air Lines Inc. Brian J. Hennessey, P.E. Assistant Director Environmental & Technical Services Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport
89.4 Million Passengers per year Over 2700 Operations per day Over 1,000,000 pieces of luggage per month 5 Runways
HJAIA Airfield Winter Weather Event Airside DOA Environmental DOA Airside Operations Ramps At-Gate Defrosting Pad Deicing Runways & Taxiways AATC AATC TBI DOA Airside Maintenance Delta
LIQUID DEICER- Cryotech E36 50% Aqueous Potassium. Acetate Solution, plus <1% Corrosion Inhibitors. Used on runways, taxiways, and occasionally ramps. Two 50,000 gal DOA Storage Tanks SOLID DEICER- Cryotech NAAC Anhydrous Sodium Acetate Used on runways, taxiways, and ramps Pellets of NAAC
POTASSIUM ACETATE Used as a runway deicer in liquid form Recognized as relatively harmless by U.S. Fish and Wildlife scale as stated in a Cryotech technical brochure; low BOD SODIUM FORMATE Used as a runway deicer in solid form Used regularly in Europe but is not common in the United States UREA Liquid Deicer Application Used as a roadway and runway deicer; it does not promote metal corrosion to the extent that salt does Available in solid pellet or liquid form Contains approximately 56% nitrogen based compounds and overuse of urea will cause a nitrogen burn plant biota Can cause algae blooms which produce toxins
SODIUM ACETATE Used as a roadway and runway deicer in solid form Works faster than urea and salt Lower BOD than urea, biodegrades at low temperatures, low toxicity to fish and mammals ETHYLENE GLYCOL Clear synthetic liquid aircraft deicer Adverse ecological effects of ethylene glycol created a demand for a low aquatic toxicity fluid PROPYLENE GLYCOL The first type of liquid aircraft deicer aimed at reducing aquatic toxicity All deicing fluids used at HJAIA are propylene glycol
Airfield capacity (defined as aircraft throughput) is diminished during winter weather events Airport BMP s employed to overcome diminished airfield throughput include: Strategic Chemical Applications First Flush System Deicing Pads Fluid Collection System Grassed Swales Chemical Spray Application Truck designed to minimize chemical application and runway passes
Operations: DOA Airside Maintenance AATC TBI/ Delta
LEGEND Oil/water Separators First Flush System Spent Deicing Fluid Collection. System Detention Facilities Grassed Swales Airport Boundary
Inlet to Pool Discharge to POTW Cost:. $1,700,000. Approx. Capacities:. 600,000 gal pool. 400,000 gal tank. Glycol Collection Pool
Operating and maintenance costs associated with the deicing collection 200+ Workers: $21,000 Sewer Fees: $500+ surcharges Airside Equipment: $293,000. Only 2-4 large events per year Supplies: $270,000 Collection System: $170,000
AIRCRAFT DEICER (Type I)- Octaflo EF 88% Propylene Glycol Used by all airlines In ATL, typically diluted to 30% water/ 70% Type I AIRCRAFT ANTI-ICER (Type IV)- Max Flight 04 Propylene Glycol based Used by all airlines Application of Aircraft Deicer
Annual Snowfall Accumulation >5in Snow =5in Snow <5in Snow Source: U.S. Department of Transportation Non-Comprehensive List of Airports in Temperate Climates Served by Delta Air Lines New Bern, NC Raleigh Durham, NC Greensboro, NC Columbia, SC Greenville Spartanburg, SC Huntsville, AL Columbus, MS Little Rock, AR Fayetteville, AR Lawton, OK El Paso, TX San Jose, CA San Francisco, CA Jacksonville, NC Fayetteville, NC Charlotte, NC Asheville, NC Chattanooga, TN Birmingham, AL Memphis, TN Fort Smith, AR Oklahoma City, OK Dallas/Ft. Worth, TX Albuquerque, NM Oakland, CA Norfolk, VA Hundreds of other General Aviation airports
ATL and many southern airports operate in a temperate climate where the number of deicing operations may not be significant or relevant. ATL is unique it is the world s busiest airport and it can receive a considerable amount of funding. However, even here economics play a role when balancing infrastructure design with its purpose. Temperate climate airports will be extremely burdened by collection and monitoring requirements, but larger airports may likely handle it better than medium and small size airports. Conflicts between additional regulation, lesser funding, and limitations to resources will likely be especially problematic for medium and smaller sized airports.
SUMMARY When ATL does have a winter weather event, departures may decrease by 50% or more. Further regulation may result in a more severe bottleneck resulting in even more delays.