The Effects of the Introduction of Free Route (HUFRA) in the Hungarian Airspace Fanni Kling Data Scientist Research, Development and Simulation Department 5 December, 2018 SESAR Innovation Days
1. Overview Traffic statistics in 2017 864,542 Total movements within the Hungarian FIR Hungary 102,131 Movement at Budapest Liszt Ferenc International Airport Kosovo (KFOR) 708,112 En-route movements within the Hungarian FIR 95,904 KFOR sector 960,446 Total movements 2
2 Abolishment of the fixed-route network 2.1 Free-route airspace users may freely plan a route between a defined entry point and a defined exit point, with the possibility to route via intermediate waypoints, without reference to the ATS route network Reduction in flight time, fuel consumption and engine emissions Plan to implement FRA by 2022 in the ICAO EUR region Hungarian free-route airspace (HUFRA) Implemented in 05/02/2015 All ATS and direct routing abolished (9500 MSL- FL660) Only NAV points remained Source: skyvector.com 3
2 Abolishment of the fixed-route network 2.2 Beginnings Other FRA implementations in Europe*: Time restrictions (night operations) ATS route network in lower airspace (e.g. FL245/285) Comparable airspace volume (e.g.denmark, Ireland) Source: eurocontrol.int ABOLISHED ATS & DCT ROUTE NETWORK, H24 * Before 2015 February 4
2 Abolishment of the fixed-route network 2.3 Key enablers 1. Traffic characteristics Relatively homogenous fixed-route network with north-west and south-east main traffic flows Minimal crossing traffic loads TMA integration (airport departures and arrivals) Flexible national military airspace (TRAs) LHBP Tower Route chart from 2014 5
2 Abolishment of the fixed-route network 2.3 Key enablers 2. ATM System MATIAS (Magyar Automated and Integrated Air Traffic Control System) Thales and HungaroControl Enhanced functions to support controllers in cross-border FRA operations MATIAS flight data processor Radar and FPL-based separation tools Medium-term conflict detection (20 min horizon, FPL-based) Short-term conflict alert pre-warning (1 min prior to STCA) 6
2 Abolishment of the fixed-route network 2.3 Key enablers 3. Human Factors and operating procedures Controllers used to work with direct routing Workload prediction (e.g. modified MesserSchmitt Bölkow Blohm Method) weighting to both lateral/vertical conflict types HungaroControl s Simulation Hub K. Kageyamaand Y. Nakamura (2018). Congress of the International Council of the Aeronautical Sciences Airtopsoft, http://airtopsoft.com / R. van Gent, J.M. Hoekstra and R.C.J. Ruigrok (1997). In Proceedings of the Confederation of European Aerospace Societies (CEAS) 10th European Aerospace Conference 7
3 Implementation outcomes 3.1 Traffic evolution Emergent traffic patterns Vienna-Zagreb/Malta, Rome-Bratislava Increased occupancy and complexity Vertical movements LRTR, LROD airports 2018: the year of major delays NOP actual flight demand Frequent adverse weather (e.g. Ts) Number of movements of ATCC Budapest between 2014 and 2018 8
3 Implementation outcomes 3.2 Safety Safety performance was not only maintained but has IMPROVED Classified safety occurrences within ATCC Budapest between 2012 and 2018 based RAT 9
3 Implementation outcomes 3.3 Human Factors CHANGES IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING Continuous scans as location of hotspots are more distributed and unpredictable Process significantly more information Hightend risk and scenarios to be taken into account In order to maintain situational awareness, sustained attention is required Endsley Situational awareness model Retrieved from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/file:endsley-sa-model.jpg 10
3 Implementation outcomes 3.3 Human Factors CHANGES IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING 1. TRAINING Duration and content revised: simulator module and OJT (avg. 300 400 hours) Vector calculus experience is advantageous 11
3 Implementation outcomes 3.3 Human Factors CHANGES IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING 2. ATM system Separation tools frequently applied STCA pre-warning used regularly FPL-based conflict filtering and trajectory-based probe function NEW BUILD to be implemented in 2019 March: MTCD: enhanced accuracy and decreased false alarms Tactical controller tool (FPL and actual track data, 8 min horizon, displayed automatically) 12
3 Implementation outcomes 3.3 Human Factors CHANGES IN COGNITIVE PROCESSING 3. Airspace resectorisation Smaller geographical sectors (e.g. West sector) Source: AIP Hungary, 2018 March 13
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.1 Background FABs as major elements of the Single European Sky FAB CE FRA Case study (November 2016) SEEN FRA: HUFRA & N-FRAB (March 2017) Source: http://www.danubefab.eu/ 14
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.2 Objectives Project lifecycle according to E-OCVM standards and the main objectives Main objectives of the project: 1. Safety Workload and situational awareness 2. Airspace design Horizontal 2D and vertical 3D Capacity analysis 3. CONOPS Cross-border FRA procedures ACC / TMA connectivity Military airspace utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 15
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.3 Major activities FTS - Phase1 Preparation Traffic sample, Sectorisation FTS - Phase2 KPIs Occupancy, Distance, Fuel RTS KPIs Workload, SA, Safety utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 16
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.4 Experimental design 1. Simulated environment Upper and lower airspace (16 and 15 sectors respectively) Three traffic samples Sectorisation in the TOP scenarios utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 17
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.4 Experimental design 2. Experimental scenarios: Distance-based or Time-based Area of Common Interest Close proximity to the internal common Area of Responsibility boundaries Responsibilities of the transferring sector (exit conditions which ensure separation within the AoCI) Visualized with AirTOp utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 18
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.5 Metrics Real Time Simulation Standard HF questionnaires Objective measurements (e.g. simulator logs) Subjective measurements ISA, Standard questionnaires (i.e.nasa-tlx, Bedford Workload Scale, SASHA-Q) Simulation specific questionnaire: developed by the project team Debriefing sessions Sources: https://ext.eurocontrol.int/ehp/?q=node/1643 https://ext.eurocontrol.int/ehp/?q=node/1585 https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/ casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/20000021488.pdf utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 19
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.6 Simulation 1 week testing and training 2 weeks simulation with more than 40 controllers, subject-matter experts and 20 pseudo pilots 20
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.7 Results Real Time Simulation Workload has remained at acceptable levels Situational awareness has remained at acceptable levels Hotspots have been identified Required ATC tools identified: Specific AoCI tools Additional pairs of SepTool Probe function for route edition Visualized with R utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 21
4 Case Study: FAB CE FRA Validation of CONOPS 4.8 Discussion and recommendations Both versions of the AoCI were deemed adequate Implementation of additional ATM tools required FAB CE FRA AS A STEPWISE IMPLEMENTATION APPROACH maintain workload and situational awareness within acceptable levels Mitigation actions may include (a combination of): Modification of sector boundaries Regulation (channelling) of traffic flows utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 22
5 Conclusion HUFRA: Evolved traffic growth patterns with maintained safety level Required a change in cognitive processing Revised training methodology Airspace resectorisation Other cross-border FRA initiatives: SEEN FRA (+ SECSI FRA- SAXFRA+SEAFRA) FAB CE FRA Source: eurocontrol.int 23
5 Conclusion Source: AAS Workshop 2018, SESAR SJU; NM 24
Call for papers: 7.12.2018 https://www.fab-ce.eu/news-media/news/199- call-for-papers-fragmentation-in-air-traffic-andits-impact-on-atm-performance utmutato_prezentacio_sablon_ufig_hu_20180827 25
Végső üzenet szerkesztése THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION FANNI.KLING@HUNGAROCONTROL.HU