How to Use this Map-Guide

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "How to Use this Map-Guide"

Spencer Shepherd
5 years ago
Views:

While visiting this diverse region, explore Civil War sites among Northern Virginia s cultural centers, conveniently located adjacent to the monuments and museums of our nation s capital, or head

1 VIRGINIA CIVIL WAR TRAILS How to Use this Map-Guide This guide highlights numerous Civil War sites throughout Northern Virginia. Each site allows you to discover the epic and heartfelt stories of civilians and soldiers who experienced triumph and tragedy during the war. While visiting this diverse region, explore Civil War sites among Northern Virginia s cultural centers, conveniently located adjacent to the monuments and museums of our nation s capital, or head west or south and visit sites throughout the rolling farmland, vineyards, and horse farms that surround the region s genteel estates. Enjoy one of the numerous walking tours available in many communities. Shop at an antique or specialty shop, dine in a 9th century tavern or inn, or simply walk amid the serenity of a preserved battlefield, and let the stories you ve discovered ignite your imagination as you envision how now-peaceful landscapes were once the scenes of the deadliest battles known to man. For more detailed travel information, visit any Virginia Welcome Center or local Visitor Center, or contact any of the organizations listed in this guide. For additional Civil War Trails information, visit Travelers enjoy one of the colorful interpretive markers along the trail. Courtesy City of Fairfax Courtesy of The Manassas Follow these signs to more than,500 Civil War sites. Bull Run, July 2, 86. This color lithograph was published in 889 by Kurz & Allison of Chicago as part of a series of Civil War scenes. While wartime sketches by Louis Kurz were the basis for some of the images, the lithographs he produced with his partner Alexander Allison are noted more for their color and drama than for their historical accuracy.

2 WARRENTON LEESBURG MIDDLEBURG Occoquan FAIRFAX MANASSAS VIENNA HERNDON FALLS CHURCH HAYMARKET MANASSAS PARK WASHINGTON DC Mount Bleak Farm Goose Creek Bridge Wapping Heights Thoroughfare Gap Rappahannock Catlett s Chantilly Freestone Point Kelly s Confederate Winter Camps Kettle Run Centreville ALEXANDRIA Ewell s Chapel Oatlands Philomont Unison Waterford White s Lovettsville Sully Plantation Rowser s Lake Accotink Greenwhich Auburn Hopewell Gap Dumfries Brentsville Cockpit Point Burke Clifton Mason s Neck Pohick Church Rose Hill Hunter s Mill Upperville PURCELLVILLE Guilford Signal THE PLAINS / Bus. / REMINGTON 245 Rectortown Salem Piedmont

H 86 H May 24 25 Union troops occupy Arlington Heights and Alexandria. Col. E.

Brownell, who later received the Medal of Honor for his action. Confederate Capt. Mottrom Ball and 35 cavalrymen are captured, becoming the first Southern prisoners of war.

3 H 86 H May Union troops occupy Arlington Heights and Alexandria. Col. E. Elmer Ellsworth, commander of the th New York Fire Zouaves, removes a Confederate flag from the Marshall House hotel and is killed by proprietor James Jackson. Jackson is killed by Cpl. Francis E. Brownell, who later received the Medal of Honor for his action. Confederate Capt. Mottrom Ball and 35 cavalrymen are captured, becoming the first Southern prisoners of war. Alexandria is placed under martial law. May July Confederates fortify Manassas Junction with a series of 2 earthen forts. Field artillery and naval cannon captured at Norfolk are placed in the works. June Union and Confederate forces clash at Fairfax Court House and along the railroad at Vienna. Capt. John Quincy Marr of Warrenton becomes the first Confederate officer killed in action. June Skirmish at Arlington Mill, one of the first engagements of the war. June 24 Balloonist Thaddeus Lowe discusses military use of balloons with President Abraham Lincoln. On June 24, Lowe makes three ascents at Taylor s Tavern in Falls Church to observe Confederate troop movements near Fairfax Court House. July 8 A Union reconnaissance force is repulsed by Confederate troops in a skirmish at Blackburn s, a prelude to the First Battle of Manassas. July 9 Piedmont (Delaplane) becomes the site of the first strategic use of railroads in warfare when Gen. Thomas J. Jackson s st Virginia Brigade entrains for Manassas Junction to reinforce the Confederate army. July 2 First Manassas (Bull Run). Gen. Irvin McDowell s Union forces are defeated by Confederate Gens. P.G.T. Beauregard and Joseph E. Johnston in the first major battle of the war. Gen. Thomas Jackson receives his nickname Stonewall in the battle, which results in more than 4,600 casualties. July Confederate and Union forces fight a series of skirmishes before and after First Manassas at Arlington Mill, Febre s Mill, Ball s Cross Roads, and Hall s Hill. Confederate signal stations are erected at Upton s Hill near Seven Corners. The Union army established a military hospital center in Alexandria. Aug. Sept. Confederate forces construct artillery batteries along the Potomac River at Freestone Point, Possum Point, Cockpit Point, and Evansport to block shipping to and from Washington, D.C. Confederate troops under Gens. James Longstreet and J.E.B. Stuart occupy Munson s Hill and Falls Church. Skirmishes occur daily in the Peach Orchard area of Falls Church. Oct. 2 Ball s Bluff near Leesburg. Defeated Federal troops are driven into the Potomac River. Union defeat results in establishment in Congress of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. Dec. 20 The Dranesville occurs when Union and Confederate foraging parties collide. Federals retain possession of the field in what is regarded as the first Union victory on Southern soil. Winter Confederates build the first railroad dedicated exclusively to military use, connecting camps at Manassas and Centreville. Confederate Gen. D.H. Hill oversees completion of Forts Evans, Beauregard, and Johnston around Leesburg. Flag of the Prince William Cavalry (Co. A, 4th Virginia Cavalry). Courtesy The Winery at Bull Run Mary and Abner Settle of Mount Bleak Farm near Paris typified the civilians whose lives were torn asunder by the war. H 862 H March Confederates evacuate Manassas Junction and other Northern Virginia sites to concentrate near Richmond. Union forces occupy Manassas Junction. June 9 President Lincoln visits Gen. Irvin McDowell s headquarters at the Weir family home Liberia in Manassas. Aug Gen. J.E.B. Stuart s cavalry conducts a reconnaissance behind Union lines in Fauquier County, raiding Catlett s. Stuart liberates Warrenton and obtains intelligence on the disposition of the Union Army of Virginia that Gens. Lee and Jackson use to plan the Second Manassas (Bull Run). Aug Gen. Stonewall Jackson and 23,000 men of the Army of Northern Virginia conduct a flank march through western Fauquier County into Prince William County where they raid Bristoe and Manassas Junction, cutting the supply line of Union Gen. John Pope s Army of Virginia. Aug. 28 Groveton. Gen. Stonewall Jackson attacks elements of the Army of Virginia to prevent consolidation of Pope s forces. Near The Plains, Jessie scout Jack Sterry, disguised as a Confederate officer, detains Gen. John B. Hood s division from its march to Manassas. Sterry is discovered and hanged as a Union spy. Aug. 30 Second Manassas (Bull Run). Gen. Pope s Union army suffers a decisive defeat but retires across Bull Run in good order. Total casualties exceed 25,000, and the stage is set for Gen. Robert E. Lee s invasion of Maryland. Sept. Union troops retreating from Second Manassas clash with Stonewall Jackson s infantry in the Chantilly (Ox Hill). Union Gens. Philip Kearney and Isaac Stevens are killed. Sept. 2 Col. Thomas Munford s 2nd Virginia Cavalry routs a Federal force composed of Cole s Maryland Cavalry and the Loudoun Rangers at Mile Hill, Loudoun County. Oct. The City of Alexandria leases land to the Federal government for 999 years for the Alexandria National Cemetery. Nov. Following the Antietam Campaign, Gen. George B. McClellan is relieved from command at Rectortown in Fauquier County and is replaced by Gen. Ambrose Burnside. McClellan holds his final review of Union troops near Warrenton and departs from Warrenton Junction (Calverton). Dec. Confederate cavalry under Gens. Wade Hampton and J.E.B. Stuart conduct raids on Union garrisons at Dumfries and Occoquan. Hampton briefly occupies the towns, capturing prisoners, horses, and supplies.

H 863 H Feb. Union army bakers in Alexandria set a record by producing 4,500 rations of bread in a single day. Mar. 9 Lt. John S.

Besides Stoughton, the Rangers escape with 32 prisoners and 58 horses, without firing a shot or losing a man. Mar. Gen. William Averell s Union cavalry raid Kelly s on the Rappahannock River.

Mosby s Partisan Rangers raid a Union supply train near Catlett s. A running battle results in the loss of Mosby s mountain howitzer.

4 H 863 H Feb. Union army bakers in Alexandria set a record by producing 4,500 rations of bread in a single day. Mar. 9 Lt. John S. Mosby and of his Rangers undertake one of the war s most daring guerrilla exploits when they slip through Union lines to capture Gen. Edwin Stoughton at Fairfax Court House. Besides Stoughton, the Rangers escape with 32 prisoners and 58 horses, without firing a shot or losing a man. Mar. Gen. William Averell s Union cavalry raid Kelly s on the Rappahannock River. Though Averell fails to destroy Confederate Gen. Fitzhugh Lee s cavalry, Union horsemen show growing parity with their Southern counterparts. May 30 Maj. John S. Mosby s Partisan Rangers raid a Union supply train near Catlett s. A running battle results in the loss of Mosby s mountain howitzer. June 8 9 During a night visit to his wife at the Hathaway House near Salem (Marshall), Mosby narrowly escapes capture by Union cavalry by hiding in a tree. June 0 Maj. Mosby formally musters his Partisan Rangers into Company A, 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry, near Rector s Crossroads (Atoka). From 0 men, the unit will grow into a full regiment of two battalions. June 28 Prior to the Gettysburg, more than 00,000 Federal troops cross the Potomac River at Edwards Ferry east of Leesburg. June 9 2 Gen. J.E.B. Stuart s Confederate cavalry clashes with Gen. Alfred Pleasonton s Union cavalry west of Middleburg, at Upperville and Ashby s Gap near Paris. Stuart delays Union detection of Gen. Lee s Army of Northern Virginia as it advances down the Shenandoah Valley toward Pennsylvania. June 23 Gen. Stuart and Maj. Mosby confer at Rector s Cross Roads (Atoka). Based on Mosby s scouting, Stuart leads his cavalry east around the Army of the Potomac, depriving Gen. Robert E. Lee of valuable intelligence before the Gettysburg. Aug. 28 Governor Francis H. Pierpont and the Restored Government of Virginia move from Wheeling to Alexandria after West Virginia becomes the 34th Union State. Oct. 4 Bristoe. Gen. A.P. Hill s Confederates attack Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren s II Corps of the Army of the Potomac as it retires near Broad Run. The vicious fight results in,900 casualties as Hill is repulsed. Oct. 9 Gen. Stuart s Confederate cavalry attacks Union cavalry under Gens. Judson Kilpatrick and George A. Custer in a running battle nicknamed the Buckland Races, between Chestnut Hill near Warrenton and Buckland Mills in Prince William County. Nov. The Army of the Potomac achieves strategic victory over Gen. Lee s army by crossing the Rappahannock River at Kelly s and Rappahannock (Remington). Confederate forces retire south of the Rapidan River. Mosby s Death Raffle, held near Rectortown during the Summer of 864. H 864 H Jan. A hospital for freed slaves is established in Alexandria. L Overture Hospital and Contraband Barracks are later constructed. Mar.-June The 28th & th United States Colored Troops (USCT) are assigned to the Defenses of Washington at Alexandria. July 6 Confederate Gen. Jubal Early s troops threaten Washington, D.C. A heavy skirmish occurs at Fort Stevens, the northernmost fort in the defenses of Washington. Abraham Lincoln becomes the only sitting U.S. president to come under fire in battle. Early withdraws his troops and retires through Loudoun County. Oct. 5 Mosby s Rangers attack Federal repair crews on the Manassas Gap Railroad at Salem (Marshall), denying its use to Union forces in the Shenandoah Valley. Nov. 6 In retaliation for the execution of seven of his Rangers by Federal cavalry in Front Royal, Col. John S. Mosby orders 2 Union prisoners at Rectortown to draw seven lots for their own execution. Nov. 28 Dec. Union Gen. Wesley Merritt s Cavalry division conducts the Burning Raid in northern Fauquier and Loudoun Counties in Colonel John S. Mosby reprisal for Mosby s guerrilla activities against Gen. Philip Sheridan s army in the Shenandoah Valley. Dec. 2 Col. John S. Mosby is wounded by Union cavalry at Lakeland near Rector s Cross Roads (Atoka). Concealing his identity, Mosby is left to die but recovers and resumes command of his Rangers two months later. H 865 H April 2 Rather than surrender his command to Union forces, Col. John S. Mosby disbands the 43rd Battalion of Virginia Cavalry at Salem (Marshall). May 24 Virginia Governor Francis H. Pierpont leaves Alexandria to establish executive offices in Richmond. July-Oct. The offices of Military Governor and Provost Marshal are abolished in Alexandria, ending military occupation of the city. Arlington House, pre-war home of Robert E. Lee.

5 Map (Harpers Ferry, 0 miles) Virginia Civil War Trails Site Other Civil War Trails Site Information or Welcome Center State or National Park Cool Springs miles to Winchester Bluemont 34 Joins Map 2 Sky Meadows State Park Mount Bleak Farm (Winchester, 20 miles) Paris Swirling Cavalry Fight Upperville 69 Upperville 43 Upperville Park Goose Creek Bridge Rector s 50 Crossroads 20 3 Middleburg 623 Unison (Truly Frightful) To Route 8 (3 miles to Front Royal) Wapping Heights Markham ( M a n a s s a s G a p R R ) 55 Delaplane Piedmont 3 Rectortown Marshall 55 Joins Map 4

6 Harpers Ferry 340 Brunswick To Frederick, Md. and Gettysburg, Pa. Map 2 6 Lovettsville Point of Rocks First Clash on Loudoun Soil John Mobberly 68 General Nathan Shanks Evans made Oatlands his headquarters after the October 86 Ball s Bluff. Joins Map Screening Lee s Army Heaton s Crossroads 6 34 MIDDLEBURG Middleburg Baptist Church 28 PURCELLVILLE Philomont ( Unison) The Burning Raid Aldie North Fork Church Aldie Mill Oatlands st Massachusetts Cavalry Monument 6 Loudoun Waterford 662 Morven Park Mt. Zion Community Cemetery LEESBURG (See Map ) 650 Martin Buchanan Mile Hill TUTT LN. Leesburg Airport DULLES GREENWAY TOLL RD. ( A l e L O U D O U N Mt. Zion Church Harrison Hall Loudoun Co. Court Square White s White s Ferry Ball s Bluff Battlefield & National Cemetery Ball s Bluff Masked Battery Fort Evans Edwards Ferry Edwards Ferry Confederate Earthworks x a n d r i a, L o u d o u n & H a m p s h i r e R R ) DULLES White s Chesapeake GREENWAY (TOLL) P O T O M A C R and Ohio Canal National Historical Park Guilford Signal Merrybrook I V E R Ankers s Shop Claude Moore Park Mosby s Raid Rowser s (Seneca) Rowser s HERNDON 620 Washington and Old D ominion Bike Trail Dranesville DULLES TOLL RD. Joins Map 3 Ewell s Chapel 50 Dulles International Airport 28 Sully Plantation Joins Map 5

7 93 GEORGE WASHINGTON MEMORIAL PKWY Ft. Stevens Map To Leesburg 23 Lewinsville Ft. Marcy National Park Service 309 Ft. Ethan Allen A R L I N G T O N WASHINGTON DC Ft. C.F. Smith Joins Map 2 66 FALLS Living in Fear Cherry CHURCH Hill Harriet and The Falls Church George Brice 50 To Fairfax Court House 236 F A I R F A X Ravensworth Galloway Methodist Church 620 Taylor s Tavern Mason s Hill 395 Between the Armies Arlington National Cemetery/ Arlington House Arlington Mill Freedman s Village Ft. Ward ALEXANDRIA ( B A L T I M O R E ) R R & O H I O Apothecary 395 Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport 5 Lake Accotink 95 Alexandria National Cemetery miles to Frederick, Md. 20 Rose Hill 495 Great Falls National Park Dranesville 40 miles to Baltimore, Md. 30 miles to Ellicott City, Md. Hunter s Mill Freeman Store/ Civil War Fortification Freedom Hill Redoubt VIENNA Flint Hill (Historic Cemeteries) 495 FALLS CHURCH 23 Lewinsville Fort Marcy NPS Fort Ethan Allen ARLINGTON Cherry Hill 66 WASHINGTON DC Fort C.F. Smith Arlington National Cemetery/ Arlington House s Theatre National Historic Site Joins Map 6

2 WARRENTON Old Jail Brentmoor: The Spilman-Mosby House Warrenton Cemetery Buckland Races 60 R A P P A H A N N O C K (See Map 8)

8 A I V E R Joins Map Salem 245 THE PLAINS Map 4 F A U Q U I E R Confederate General Thomas J. Stonewall Jackson ( ) earned his famous nickname at the First Manassas. 2 WARRENTON Old Jail Brentmoor: The Spilman-Mosby House Warrenton Cemetery Buckland Races 60 R A P P A H A N N O C K (See Map 8) / (New Market, 53 miles) R A P P Opal Joins Map 5 H A N N O C K R Bus. / Rappahannock REMINGTON Kelly s 620 (Culpeper, miles) U.S. Military Railroad locomotive Firefly, on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad, ca. 862.

66 Chapman s Mill Thoroughfare Gap 602 602 Auburn Hopewell Gap 55 Buckland Mills 605 60 Haymarket HAYMARKET Greenwhich Gainesville 2 Kettle Run 69 28 64 Joins Map 2 Manassas National Battlefield Park

9 66 Chapman s Mill Thoroughfare Gap Auburn Hopewell Gap 55 Buckland Mills Haymarket HAYMARKET Greenwhich Gainesville 2 Kettle Run Joins Map 2 Manassas National Battlefield Park Bristoe ( M a n a s s a s G a p R R ) Cannon Branch Fort SUDLEY MANOR DR. 69 Retreat from Manassas The Winery at Bull Run 66 Mitchell s Ben Lomond MANASSAS PARK Liberia MANASSAS (See Map ) Peace Jubilee Manassas Municipal Airport Brentsville Blackburn s McLean House Mayfield Civil War Fort The Manassas Centreville Conner House Signal Hill PRINCE WILLIAM Chantilly 645 Bull Run Bridge/ PKWY Ox Hill Reid-Ballard House Fairfax City Cemetery Fairfax Court House St. Mary s Church Fairfax Clifton Wolf Run Shoals 645 Bacon Race Map 5 Joins Map Catlett ( O r a n g e & A l e x a n d r i a R R ) Catlett s Ben Lomond Historic Site was converted into a Confederate field hospital after the First Manassas. P R I N C E W I L L I A M Prince William Forest Park 4 Dumfries (Love s Tavern) 69 Joins Map 6 miles to Fredericksburg 5 miles to Richmond 65

Joins Map 3 50 Blenheim (Willcoxon Farm) FAIRFAX Mason s Hill 50 Freedman s Village Arlington Mill Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Map 6 Fairfax 236 63 Fort Ward Ravensworth 620 395

10 Joins Map 3 50 Blenheim (Willcoxon Farm) FAIRFAX Mason s Hill 50 Freedman s Village Arlington Mill Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport Map 6 Fairfax Fort Ward Ravensworth ALEXANDRIA Apothecary FAIRFAX COUNTY PKWY Burke Lake Accotink Rose Hill Alexandria National Cemetery Fort Foote Surratt House 23 F A I R F A X OC C OQ U A N R 95 Pohick Church Lorton Occoquan I V ER 242 Joins Map 5 Mason s Neck Confederate Winter Camps 60 Leesylvania State Park Freestone Point T O M A C R I V E R POSSUM POINT RD P O Cockpit Point U.S. Navy steamer Wyandank destroying Confederate artillery batteries at Freestone Point on the Potomac River, March, 862.

11 BATTLEFIELD PKWY Map LEESBURG W MARKET ST Mt. Zion Community Cemetery Harrison Hall LOUDOUN ST Loudoun S KING ST CHURCH ST NORTH ST Loudoun County Court Square E MARKET ST EDWARDS FERRY RD NE Ball s Bluff Masked Battery Fort Evans BUS 3 Confederate Earthworks MANASSAS MANASSAS DR Liberia Bull Run Bridge/ Conner House GRANT AVE SUDLEY RD PORTNER AVE CENTREVILLE RD 28 EUCLID AVE LIBERI AVE Peace Jubilee CHURCH ST Mayfield Civil War Fort Signal Hill Manassas Junction WELLINGTON RD Cemetery PRINCE WILLIAM ST CENTER ST Manassas SIGNAL VIEW DR

H H RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY H H Map 8 Chester Gap SKYLINE DRIVE Hittle s Mill 522 Dangerfield Newby was a free mulatto who was the first of John Brown s raiders killed during the

Washington Flint Hill (Albert Gallatin Willis) Gaines s Crossroads & Twilight of Slavery 2 20 miles to New Market Thornton Gap 2 Sperryville 2 Copper Fox Heth s Camp 522 Banks s

12 H H RAPPAHANNOCK COUNTY H H Map 8 Chester Gap SKYLINE DRIVE Hittle s Mill 522 Dangerfield Newby was a free mulatto who was the first of John Brown s raiders killed during the attack on Harpers Ferry in 859. Washington Flint Hill (Albert Gallatin Willis) Gaines s Crossroads & Twilight of Slavery 2 20 miles to New Market Thornton Gap 2 Sperryville 2 Copper Fox Heth s Camp 522 Banks s Grand Review Newby s Crossroads Hinson s Amissville 0 miles to Warrenton Woodville Courtesy Rappahannock Historical Society Slate Mills This strange flag was mistaken for a black flag meaning no prisoners would be taken. It was retired by the local cavalry company shortly after a deadly battle near Front Royal in May of

H H H PLAN YOUR TRIP H H H Click or call to find out where to eat, sleep, and drink along the Trails: Visit Prince William County 800-432-92 www.

gov/visitors Visit Fauquier 540-34-0988 www.visitfauquier.com Visit Loudoun 800-52-68 www.visitloudoun.org City of Falls Church 03-248-5 www.

gov The Civil War Trust, with more than 250,000 members and supporters, is America s largest nonprofit organization devoted to saving our nation s

fxva.com Alexandria Visitor Center 03-838-5005 www.visitalexandriava.com Kepi worn by E. Elmer Ellsworth, Fort Ward collection.

13 H H H PLAN YOUR TRIP H H H Click or call to find out where to eat, sleep, and drink along the Trails: Visit Prince William County Civil War Trust Fairfax and Visitor Center Visit Fauquier Visit Loudoun City of Falls Church The Civil War Trust, with more than 250,000 members and supporters, is America s largest nonprofit organization devoted to saving our nation s endangered battlefields. To help, visit or call StayArlington Visit Fairfax Alexandria Visitor Center Kepi worn by E. Elmer Ellsworth, Fort Ward collection. Warrenton s Old Jail, used during the War, now houses a museum. A monument to Col. John S. Mosby stands on the lawn. Fort Ward, Alexandria, once protected Washington during the Civil War. Today the partially reconstructed Union fort is a city-owned museum. The Stonewall Jackson Monument is one of the most recognizable features of the Manassas National Battlefield Park.

14 KNOXVILLE CHARLESTON GETTYSBURG BALTIMORE WASHINGTON, D.C. RICHMOND RALEIGH 208 Civil War Trails Brochure Design by Communication Design, Inc., Richmond, VA For more information on other Virginia Civil War Trails, call toll free: VISIT VA Get outside, connect with the landscapes, enjoy the vistas, be part of the stories. Inspired by what you saw? Check in on Twitter or Facebook, and snap a photo for Instagram and use our hashtags, #civilwartrails and #openairmuseum.

JTHG Site List (updated to reflect DMOC meeting ) Page 1. Land of Conflict, Reunification & Rebuilding

JTHG Site List (updated to reflect DMOC meeting 10.16.08) Page 1 Adams David Wills House anchor Adams Eisenhower National Historic Site anchor Adams Gettysburg National Military Park anchor Adams Gettysburg