Middle Creek a streaming resource

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "Middle Creek a streaming resource"

Transcription

1 Middle Creek a streaming resource The Middle Creek Watershed has a long history of human activity. Native Americans used the watershed before the European settlers; they traveled, hunted, and settled in the woods along the stream. Although there is no written history of their experiences, remnants of arrowheads and other tools can be found all throughout the area documenting their presence. Among the tribes that inhabited these parts was one was called Tomes (Tom Indians). Toms Creek, which Middle Creek flows into, was named after the Tomes. The earliest European settlers came to the area in the 1730s. They were mostly Scotch-Irish who came to America to escape famine in Ireland. When the Europeans settled the area, the English government was worried about French moves to claim the interior of the American continent. To counter this, the English government began an active policy of promoting settlement of the wilderness. From the middle of the 18th century until after the American Revolution the population in this area lived a frontier-like existence. Settlement began by clearing the forests for timber, cultivating the land for farms and orchards; there was even mining for copper and other minerals. Many mills, early farmstead homes, charcoal mounds, and old mines can still be found throughout the watershed. One of the major mills on Middle Creek was a wool and cloth factory. The mill sat on the creek, two miles from Emmitsburg on the main road to Gettysburg. The factory carded wool into rolls that was manufactured into cloth, cassimere, cassettes, blanketing, and flannels. The mills in the area depended on the flow of water in the Middle Creek for operations. During the French and Indian war ( ), Hamiltonban Township (Adams County) was on the frontier, and there was much bloodshed in the area, both by settlers and Indians. In the late 1750s settlers formed companies for the defense of the frontier near Virginia Mills, found on Mount Hope Road along Middle Creek. There are well-documented captures of frontier settlers in Adams County by Indians during these years. One well documented abduction in the area was that of Richard Baird (Bard), son of early settler Archibald Bard, who operated a mill in Carroll's Delight near what is now Virginia Mills. The author of A History of Cumberland and Adams Counties, written in 1886, writes that in 1758 the house of Richard Baird, who resided on the southeast side of South Mountain, near the mill now known as Myers Mill, on Middle Creek about one and one half miles from Fairfield was attacked by Delaware Indians. Five days after his capture on April 13, 1758, he escaped, and two years later was able to ransom his wife from the Indians and return to his home in Hamiltonban. In the 1770 s petitions from Hamiltons Bann cited the need for an established road along the creek by which to carry their flour and other produce to market. A road from Ramseys and Gettys Merchant MiIl on Middle creek is the best and shortest way to intersect the road already laid out and cleared from McGaugheys Mill to the temporary line at the northeast corner of James Thompson's old field. Around this time, in 1792, Middle Creek also first appears on Reading Howell s map of Pennsylvania as a prominent waterway between Marsh and Tom s Creek. Middle Creek flows form the foothills of the South Mountain range south through the valleys directly though the Borough of Fairfield toward Maryland. Because of Fairfield s location on the main road from Gettysburg to Hagerstown, MD, the town continued to grow during the intervening years up through the American Civil War. In the 1830s, prominent Adams County resident and Pennsylvania State Senator, Thaddeus Stevens, proposed and initiated construction of a branch railroad line to connect iron furnaces in Adams and Franklin Counties to the Philadelphia and Columbia Railroad in Columbia, Maryland. Due to political and financial problems, the full extent of the railroad was never completed. Fairfield would have been designated an important stop on Thaddeus Stevens Tapeworm Railroad had it not been abandoned in In the late 1830 s, laborers walked away from partially built line, leaving embankments, cuts and fills, and bridges unfinished throughout the watershed. Nevertheless, the rail-bed did provide a path for escaped slaves using the underground railroad to freedom. Remnants of the Tapeworm Railroad can still be found located throughout the Middle Creek Watershed.

2 In 1889, Virginia Mills located along Middle Creek, did become a stop on the Western Extension of the Baltimore and Harrisburg Railway. The railway was routed near the mill site on the John Linn farm and an 1838 Tapeworm Railroad viaduct on the Rev. A. W. Geigley farm. Early in the day on July 3rd, 1863, the Jones' Brigade of Stewart's Cavalry Division of the Confederate Army fought a bloody battle with the 6th U.S. Cavalry on Carroll's Tract Road, just 2 miles north of Fairfield. The Union Cavalry was driven back to Emmitsburg, and Jones' Brigade remained in Fairfield, protecting the left flank of the Confederate Army during Pickett's Charge on the decisive day of the Battle of Gettysburg. Jones Brigade encamped at Fairfield that night, and the next day, one of two major columns of the Army of Northern Virginia began its retreat through Fairfield, up Iron Springs Road, and over South Mountain through Monterey Gap (now within Borough of Blue Ridge Summit). The other column, with Lee's wagons, supplies, and wounded retreated through Cashtown towards Chambersburg. In 1878, copper was discovered in the Snively Mines on the Musselman tract near Fairfield. The mine was located near off Mount Hope Road. On the tract three copper veins were discovered, one of which was ten feet thick. It has been said that the mine was reason the village of Mount Hope was given its name. However, there was not enough copper to sustain operations and the mine has been shut down for about 100 years. Around the mid to late 1880 s, P.H. Glatfelter Company, a producer of engineered papers and specialty printing papers was founded in Spring Grove, PA. A pulp mill was installed in 1895 to make pulp from pine and poplar wood by a soda process. Shortly after, Glatfelter began to lead the paper industry with the installation of the world s largest paper machine, using wood fiber instead of rags. To sustain its operations, Glatfelter began a forestry management initiative in 1934, encouraging farmers to plant more trees and prevent soil erosion. The term tree farming was fashioned in the 1940 s to introduce the public to sustainable forest terminology and many properties in the watershed began to participate in this farming. In 1947, Glatfelter launched their first tree farm, within the Middle Creek and Toms Creek watersheds, managed for the growing of sustainable forest crops in Pennsylvania and Maryland. The land became Pennsylvania s first designated Tree Farm (Tree Farm #1), and has since been a local natural and recreational resource while being actively managed for timber production. Beginning in the 1960 s Frances Morton Froelicher and her husband, Hans Froelicher, came to the watershed and began purchasing land as a retreat from Baltimore. The Froelichers stitch together various tracts of woodlots to create the original 519-acre core of Strawberry Hill Nature Preserve along Middle Creek adjoining Tree Farm #1 and Michaux State Forest. Mrs. Froelicher managed the land and worked towards establishing an environmental center until her death in In her passing, she gave Strawberry Hill to the community of Mount Hope. Since 1994, Strawberry Hill has expanded the preserve to include 609 acres. Its environmental center now welcomes over 10,000 visitors to hike its trails and participate in environmental education programs. By 2007, the Glatfelter Tree Farm grew to roughly 2,500 acres and the Glatfelter Pulp Wood Company decided to put the property up for sale. Drawing concern from local citizens, worried about the threat to the property s water resources, wildlife habitat and recreational opportunities, a collaborate effort between local, state, and national conservation organizations and local governments was put together to purchase the tree farm. In 2011, the community was able to complete the purchase and transfer the land to Michaux State Forest for long-term preservation. Middle Creek is known today as one the best quality streams in Adams County and its health is important for the Monocacy watershed. Portions of Middle and Toms Creek have been classified as High Quality waters by the State of Pennsylvania. Special protection was provided for the streams. The Pennsylvania Fish and Boat Commission also has designated Middle Creek as Approved Trout Waters stream. There are more than 86,000 miles of streams and rivers in Pennsylvania, more than in any state in the United States except Alaska. Only 22,563 miles, or about 27% of those streams, have been classified High Quality. Adams County has over 1,300 miles of streams and virtually every stream in county originates within and flows outward towards Maryland

3 in either the Monocacy or Susquehanna watershed. There are only 17 High Quality streams within the County, and Middle and Toms Creek are two of those high quality cold-water streams. During the course of history, there have been, and will be, development throughout the Middle Creek Watershed, but with a little bit of knowledge of history there are be many reasons to help protect this unique natural resource. A photograph of the Baird home and mill on Mount Hope Road, probably taken in the late 1800s when the structures were still standing. Historical roadmap of Adams and York Counties, 1792

4 1839 map of the never-completed Gettysburg Railroad, now called the Tapeworm Railroad Strawberry Hill property management, pre-preserve

5 Sign at entrance of Glatfelter Tree Farm No. 1

Middle Creek Greenway Trail Feasibility Study

Middle Creek Greenway Trail Feasibility Study Middle Creek Greenway Trail 2015 Feasibility Study 1 Acknowledgements Contributors / Partnering Organizations Steering Committee Organization Name: Strawberry Hill Nature Preserve Phone Number: 717-642-5840

More information

APPENDIX OFFICIAL MAP ORDINANCE OF HAMILTONBAN TOWNSHIP OFFICIAL MAP NARRATIVE

APPENDIX OFFICIAL MAP ORDINANCE OF HAMILTONBAN TOWNSHIP OFFICIAL MAP NARRATIVE APPENDIX A OFFICIAL MAP ORDINANCE OF HAMILTONBAN TOWNSHIP OFFICIAL MAP NARRATIVE INTRODUCTION: The Official Map of Hamiltonban Township has been prepared to identify those lands and features that Hamiltonban

More information

Early History of Hamiltonban Township ( )

Early History of Hamiltonban Township ( ) Early History of Hamiltonban Township (1730 1860) The earliest European settlers came to the area in the 1730s. Before 1767, parts of what are now Adams and York Counties were claimed by both Maryland

More information

Economy 3. This region s economy was based on agriculture. 4. This region produced items such as textiles, iron, and ships in great quantities. For th

Economy 3. This region s economy was based on agriculture. 4. This region produced items such as textiles, iron, and ships in great quantities. For th Geography 1. This region has a climate of warm summers and snowy cold winters. 2. This region has a climate that is generally warm and sunny, with long, hot, humid summers, and mild winters, and heavy

More information

1. Title slide: Great Wagon Roads

1. Title slide: Great Wagon Roads 1. Title slide: Great Wagon Roads a. Going to discuss how our ancestors may have come to South Carolina b. Of course could have come aboard ship to Charleston c. Many came overland from the more northern

More information

Western Maryland Railway

Western Maryland Railway Western Maryland Railway WESTERN MARYLAND RAILWAY...................................................... Art. of consol. in MD and PA, February 15, 1917 626.022 mi. First main track 67.670 mi. Second main

More information

C &O Canal. {TRAIL to HISTORY} HANCOCK PAWPAW OLDTOWN CUMBERLAND.

C &O Canal. {TRAIL to HISTORY} HANCOCK PAWPAW OLDTOWN CUMBERLAND. C &O Canal {TRAIL to HISTORY} HANCOCK PAWPAW OLDTOWN CUMBERLAND www.canaltrust.org C &O Canal {TRAIL to HISTORY} Take a journey into the rich history of our Canal Towns along the C&O Canal towpath. Explore

More information

Segment 2: La Crescent to Miller s Corner

Segment 2: La Crescent to Miller s Corner goal of the USFWS refuges is to conserve, protect and enhance fish, wildlife and plants and their habitats for the continuing benefit of the American people. Refuge lands are used largely for fishing,

More information

O HARA TOWNSHIP. Chapter 2 - Early History. Comprehensive Development Plan

O HARA TOWNSHIP. Chapter 2 - Early History. Comprehensive Development Plan O HARA TOWNSHIP Chapter 2 - Early History The O Hara Township History Committee has assembled a significant volume of historical data from primary and secondary sources, about persons, places and events

More information

National Parks Called America s Best Idea

National Parks Called America s Best Idea National Parks Called America s Best Idea Welcome to This Is America in VOA Learning English. I'm Jim Tedder. And I'm Kelly Jean Kelly. This week on our program, we talk about national parks in the United

More information

CHATHAM COUNTY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION HISTORIC PROPERTY DESIGNATION STAFF RECOMMENDATION

CHATHAM COUNTY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION HISTORIC PROPERTY DESIGNATION STAFF RECOMMENDATION CHATHAM COUNTY HISTORIC PRESERVATION COMMISSION HISTORIC PROPERTY DESIGNATION STAFF RECOMMENDATION ISSUE: FILE NUMBER: Designation of Pennyworth Island as a Local Historic Property DP20110328-12-1 DATE:

More information

Unit 11: Travel and Trade

Unit 11: Travel and Trade Unit 11: Travel and Trade Today Due: Current Events Article Assignment Quiz: Unit 10 (Value of Land) In class: Unit 11 (Travel and Trade) HW: wkbk 97-102, study for quiz 11, read Unit 12 (155-166) Lesson

More information

Fort Ticonderoga Carillon Battlefield Walking Trail Guide

Fort Ticonderoga Carillon Battlefield Walking Trail Guide Fort Ticonderoga Carillon Battlefield Walking Trail Guide Copyright Fort Ticonderoga. Photo Credit Carl Heilman II Length: Approximately 1¾ mile Welcome to Fort Ticonderoga s Walking Trail Blue markers

More information

PENNSYLVANIA SCENIC BYWAYS

PENNSYLVANIA SCENIC BYWAYS PENNSYLVANIA SCENIC BYWAYS THE GREAT LAKES SEAWAY TRAIL BYWAY EFFECTIVE: 2003 DISTRICT: 1-0 COUNTY: ERIE STATE ROUTES: 0005 AND ALTERNATE 0005 SEAWAY TRAIL INCLUDES PA. ROUTE 5 AND ALTERNATE ROUTE 5 BEGINNING

More information

The Battle of Pilot Knob Driving Tour

The Battle of Pilot Knob Driving Tour Missouri Department of Natural Resources Division of State Parks 1-800-334-6946 The Battle of Pilot Knob Driving Tour Battle of Pilot Knob State Historic Site 573-546-3454 www.mostateparks.com/park/battle-pilot-knob-state-historic-site

More information

Bristol Borough (Pa.) municipal records

Bristol Borough (Pa.) municipal records 01 Finding aid prepared by Celia Caust-Ellenbogen and Faith Charlton through the Historical Society of Pennsylvania's Hidden Collections Initiative for Pennsylvania Small Archival Repositories. Last updated

More information

New Jersey State Parks

New Jersey State Parks New Jersey State Parks History and Facts Kevin Woyce Photographs by the author Kevin Woyce NEW JERSEY STATE PARKS: HISTORY AND FACTS Copyright 2011 Kevin Woyce All Rights Reserved. No part of this book

More information

Chapter 3. The English Colonies

Chapter 3. The English Colonies Chapter 3 The English Colonies Terms 1. Indentured servants 2. Cash crops 3. Assembly 4. Puritans 5. Mayflower Compact 6. Slave trade 7. Fundamental orders Massachusetts- 1630 Founders- William Bradford

More information

CASS SCENIC RAILROAD. Cass, West Virginia. Written by Dan Whetzel Photography by Lance C. Bell

CASS SCENIC RAILROAD. Cass, West Virginia. Written by Dan Whetzel Photography by Lance C. Bell CASS SCENIC RAILROAD Cass, West Virginia Written by Dan Whetzel Photography by Lance C. Bell m o u n t a i n d i s c o v e r i e s 49 Facing page: Cass Scenic Railroad s Heisler #6 departs from the depot

More information

Update Client list August 2017, page client update

Update Client list August 2017, page client update 2017 client update We are delighted to work with our many clients, some of whom have been working with us for the entire 14 years of our practice. Below is a selected list of clients 2017 clients Ardmore

More information

Warm Up Use complete sentences

Warm Up Use complete sentences Warm Up Use complete sentences What do you think are 3 differences between the Northern US and the Southern US that caused the Civil War? (asking what you think so there are no wrong answers except silly

More information

Byelorussian Battlefields

Byelorussian Battlefields Byelorussian Battlefields All Flames Of War battles need terrain! Battles in the Second World War were rarely fought over open plains with unobstructed lines of sight. In Flames Of War, wide open tables

More information

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY SECRETARIAL LETTERS RAILROAD SAFETY DIVISION

BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY SECRETARIAL LETTERS RAILROAD SAFETY DIVISION BUREAU OF TRANSPORTATION AND SAFETY SECRETARIAL LETTERS RAILROAD SAFETY DIVISION Please call the Commission s file room (717-787-1013) for the official report DOCKET # MONTH/YEAR A P R I L 2 0 0 6 CAPTION

More information

_------_ As the designated acthority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, 1 hereby certify that this

_------_ As the designated acthority under the National Historic Preservation Act of 1986, as amended, 1 hereby certify that this ===================================== ===== 4. State/Federal Agency Certification _- - ----_--_-_------_----------- --_- - -_--------------------- ---------------- _------_--------- As the designated acthority

More information

Featuring North America s Leading Travel Destinations. Great American Roads

Featuring North America s Leading Travel Destinations. Great American Roads Featuring North America s Leading Travel Destinations Great American Roads The Alaska Highway, U.S. 395 in California, Colorado s Million Dollar Highway, The Natchez Trace, Parkersburg-Staunton Turnpike,

More information

Pinellas County Environmental Lands

Pinellas County Environmental Lands Pinellas County Environmental Lands In addition to traditional parks and recreation facilities, Pinellas County owns and manages a system of environmental lands that provides specialized resource-based

More information

BEDFORD COUNTY START PERIOD

BEDFORD COUNTY START PERIOD BASE Bridge Rehabilitation South Loysburg Beaver Creek BASE Bridge Replacement Township Road 397 Shaffers Creek #8 BASE Bridge Replacement Ashcom Bridge BASE Bridge Replacement Buffalo Run Bridge BASE

More information

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE JUNE 2, 2009

FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE JUNE 2, 2009 HTHS HARDWICK TOWNSHIP HISTORICAL SOCIETY FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE JUNE 2, 2009 PO BOX 348 Blairstown, NJ 07825 HTHS s Vass Farmstead, in Hardwick, NJ on Stillwater Road at White Lake, will host some fabulous

More information

$850,000 Awarded to 20 Organizations

$850,000 Awarded to 20 Organizations $850,000 Awarded to 20 Organizations The Conservation Alliance is pleased to fund the following organizations to support their efforts to protect wild lands and waterways for their habitat and recreation

More information

APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL PENNSYLVANIA SECTION: A MUNICIPAL GUIDE

APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL PENNSYLVANIA SECTION: A MUNICIPAL GUIDE APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL PENNSYLVANIA SECTION: A MUNICIPAL GUIDE SECTION I THE APPALACHIAN NATIONAL SCENIC TRAIL The Appalachian National Scenic Trail (A.T.) is the world s longest hiking-only

More information

Invest in Timber Property

Invest in Timber Property Invest in Timber Property Hidden Lakes $637,000 Total Acreage: 1274 acres Timbered with private lakes located in North-Central BC Unique Timber Investment www.niho.com (604) 606-7900 Over 22,000 m3 of

More information

Follow our Travels. through

Follow our Travels. through Follow our Travels through On a regular workday, many people don t get to look forward to a day of travel, tourism, and good food, but here in Freedom s Frontier National Heritage Area (FFNHA), monthly

More information

C &O Canal. {TRAIL to HISTORY} SHEPHERDSTOWN SHARPSBURG WILLIAMSPORT.

C &O Canal. {TRAIL to HISTORY} SHEPHERDSTOWN SHARPSBURG WILLIAMSPORT. C &O Canal {TRAIL to HISTORY} SHEPHERDSTOWN SHARPSBURG WILLIAMSPORT www.canaltrust.org C &O Canal {TRAIL to HISTORY} Take a journey into the rich history of our Canal Towns along the C&O Canal towpath.

More information

Fort Christanna Historical and Recreational Park

Fort Christanna Historical and Recreational Park Brunswick County, Virginia 2012 Virginia Association of Counties Achievement Award Submission Parks and Recreation Fort Christanna Historical and Recreational Park Brunswick County Fort Christanna Historical

More information

The Natchez Trace The DAR and its Tishomingo County Connection

The Natchez Trace The DAR and its Tishomingo County Connection The Natchez Trace The DAR and its Tishomingo County Connection Presented By Cindy Whirley Nelson, Chapter Regent, 2006-2008, Chief Tishomingo Chapter DAR Since the time pre-historic tribes roamed the hills

More information

4th Grade Social Studies 2nd Nine Weeks Test

4th Grade Social Studies 2nd Nine Weeks Test 4th Grade Social Studies 2nd Nine Weeks Test Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1 Which is the largest city in the United States? A Philadelphia,

More information

Almost 150 years ago in the small Virginia village of Appomattox Court House,

Almost 150 years ago in the small Virginia village of Appomattox Court House, Appomattox Court House Museum: The Place Where Our Nation Reunited By Peter Smolens Almost 150 years ago in the small Virginia village of Appomattox Court House, General Robert E. Lee leader of the Confederate

More information

The mission of Liberty State Park is to provide the public with access to the harbor s resources, a sense of its history and a charge of

The mission of Liberty State Park is to provide the public with access to the harbor s resources, a sense of its history and a charge of Liberty State Park The mission of Liberty State Park is to provide the public with access to the harbor s resources, a sense of its history and a charge of responsibility to its continued improvement.

More information

MEMORANDUM. DATE: May 16, TO: Monica Harrower, PennDOT District 6-0. Mary Alfson Tinsman CHRS, Inc. 451 North Cannon Avenue, Suite 100B

MEMORANDUM. DATE: May 16, TO: Monica Harrower, PennDOT District 6-0. Mary Alfson Tinsman CHRS, Inc. 451 North Cannon Avenue, Suite 100B MEMORANDUM DATE: May 16, 2011 TO: Monica Harrower, PennDOT District 6-0 FROM: RE: Mary Alfson Tinsman CHRS, Inc. 451 North Cannon Avenue, Suite 100B Lansdale, PA 19446 French Creek Parkway Project Phoenixville

More information

SOL VS.2a, 2b, 2c, 10b

SOL VS.2a, 2b, 2c, 10b What are the characteristics of the Coastal Plain? 1. Also known as Tidewater 2. Located near the Atlantic Ocean and the Chesapeake Bay 3. Includes the Eastern Shore, a peninsula between the Atlantic Ocean

More information

Australian Geography. Standards:

Australian Geography. Standards: Australian Geography Standards: SS6G12 The student will be able to locate selected features of Australia. a. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers

More information

MARYLAND. Parks, Wildlife Refuges and National Park Service Areas in PATC Area Affected by Proposed Changes to Current Gun Regulations

MARYLAND. Parks, Wildlife Refuges and National Park Service Areas in PATC Area Affected by Proposed Changes to Current Gun Regulations Parks, Wildlife Refuges and in PATC Area Affected by Proposed Changes to Current Gun Regulations MARYLAND Antietam National Battlefield -- Sharpsburg Appalachian National Scenic Trail Assateague Island

More information

APPENDIX. Alberta Land Stewardship Act AMENDMENTS TO THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN REGIONAL PLAN

APPENDIX. Alberta Land Stewardship Act AMENDMENTS TO THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN REGIONAL PLAN APPENDIX Alberta Land Stewardship Act AMENDMENTS TO THE SOUTH SASKATCHEWAN REGIONAL PLAN 1 All references to Alberta Environment and Sustainable Resource Development, Environment and Sustainable Resource

More information

Sheffield Island Camden County, GA

Sheffield Island Camden County, GA For Sale $3,150,000 Sheffield Island Camden County, GA 452.5 Total Acres 230 Estimated Upland Acres William Lattimore 912.596.7019 Overview A rare opportunity to own a portion of a pristine island off

More information

NEW ULSTER - Ulster Scots settlement of Nova Scotia. By Brian McConnell*

NEW ULSTER - Ulster Scots settlement of Nova Scotia. By Brian McConnell* NEW ULSTER - Ulster Scots settlement of Nova Scotia By Brian McConnell* If Alexander McNutt had realized his plans in the 1760s then the name of Nova Scotia might now be New Ulster. It also might not be

More information

History along McDade Trail I Hialeah Picnic Area to Turn Farm Trailhead

History along McDade Trail I Hialeah Picnic Area to Turn Farm Trailhead US Dept of the Interior National Park Service History along McDade Trail I Hialeah Picnic Area to Turn Farm Trailhead McDade Trail from Hialeah Picnic Area to Turn Farm Trailhead Spanning the Gap The newsletter

More information

A History of the Detroit Riverfront. From 1760 though to the

A History of the Detroit Riverfront. From 1760 though to the A History of the Detroit Riverfront From 1760 though to the Detroit attracts immigrant workers 176o-1800 AD 1805 AD A devastating fire sweeps through Detroit, destroying all 200 of its structures except

More information

Eastern Warner Mountain Ranch Modoc County, California

Eastern Warner Mountain Ranch Modoc County, California Eastern Warner Mountain Ranch Modoc County, California Proudly Offered By 707 Merchant Street, Suite 100, Vacaville, Ca 95688 (707) 455-4444 Office (707) 455-0455 Fax info@caoutdoorproperties.com www.californiaoutdoorproperties.com

More information

GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADA. By Brett Lucas

GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADA. By Brett Lucas GEOGRAPHY OF THE UNITED STATES & CANADA By Brett Lucas MEGALOPOLIS Setting the Boundaries What states and provinces are part of the region? Primarily the east coast between Norfolk, VA and Boston, MA,

More information

Warm ups *What was the most valuable natural resource in the development of the Northeast? Why? *What does a megalopolis refer to?

Warm ups *What was the most valuable natural resource in the development of the Northeast? Why? *What does a megalopolis refer to? Warm ups 9.22.2016 *What was the most valuable natural resource in the development of the Northeast? Why? *What does a megalopolis refer to? Lesson Objective: *identify the key natural resources that influenced

More information

Baltimore County Nature Quest NEW TRAILS 2014

Baltimore County Nature Quest NEW TRAILS 2014 Baltimore County Nature Quest NEW TRAILS 2014 Nature Quest Park Locations Robert E. Lee Park Cromwell Valley Park Agricultural Ctr. & Farm Park Honeygo Regional Park Marshy Point Park and Nature Center

More information

Redsecker Residence: 244 South Market Street; Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania

Redsecker Residence: 244 South Market Street; Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania Hon 170: Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community Joseph Santos Professor Benowitz 5 May 2017 Redsecker Residence: 244 South Market Street; Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania Abstract: The Redsecker Residence,

More information

History Background Information

History Background Information History Background Information Cumberland County has a rich history that continues to contribute to the heritage and identity of the county today. Events in the past have shaped the county as it has evolved

More information

Unit 5: Selling of the American West

Unit 5: Selling of the American West Unit 5: Selling of the American West Announcements: midterms handed back assignment folder update posted next week turning in assignment folder June 12th Unit 5: Age of Exploration North America Thomas

More information

Boll s Brewhouse: 45 North Market Street, Elizabethtown Pennsylvania

Boll s Brewhouse: 45 North Market Street, Elizabethtown Pennsylvania Hon 170: Elizabethtown History: Campus and Community Joseph Santos Professor Benowitz 5 May 2017 Boll s Brewhouse: 45 North Market Street, Elizabethtown Pennsylvania Abstract: Henry Boll s Brewery operated

More information

The Four Regions of West Virginia

The Four Regions of West Virginia The Four Regions of West Virginia Human and Environmental Interaction HEI The way we use, affect, and are affected by our environment. Animals eliminated from WV because of human interaction wolf, bison,

More information

The Age of European Expansion

The Age of European Expansion The Age of European Expansion 1580-1760 Spanish and Portuguese America 1581-1640 1. The Viceroyalty of New Spain was first established in 1535 by King Charles I 1 2. The 15 Captaincies of Brazil were first

More information

Reservoir Tin workings

Reservoir Tin workings The workings are quite over-grown and covered in moss, suggesting that they date to the earliest period of mining. This is supported by the fact that their head race was cut off by the reservoir (D49/47)

More information

Department of Natural Resources Update Southeast Conference

Department of Natural Resources Update Southeast Conference Department of Natural Resources Update Southeast Conference Presentation by Corri Feige Commissioner Alaska Department of Natural Resources February 12, 2019 1 LAND BASE & OWNERSHIP Southeast 94% of Southeast

More information

Economics 300: The Economy of Alaska NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO ALASKA GEOGRAPHY by Gunnar Knapp Updated January 16, 2005

Economics 300: The Economy of Alaska NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO ALASKA GEOGRAPHY by Gunnar Knapp Updated January 16, 2005 Economics 300: The Economy of Alaska NOTES: INTRODUCTION TO ALASKA GEOGRAPHY by Gunnar Knapp Updated January 16, 2005 These notes provide a brief introduction to features of Alaska geography which are

More information

April 10, Mark Stiles San Juan Public Lands Center Manager 15 Burnett Court Durango, CO Dear Mark,

April 10, Mark Stiles San Juan Public Lands Center Manager 15 Burnett Court Durango, CO Dear Mark, Mark Stiles San Juan Public Lands Center Manager 15 Burnett Court Durango, CO 81301 Dear Mark, We are pleased to offer the following comments on the draft San Juan Public Lands Center management plans

More information

Santa Cruz North Interior

Santa Cruz North Interior Santa Cruz North Interior The Santa Cruz North Interior planning area includes the area commonly referred to as the San Lorenzo Valley. The greatest amount of development occurs in the communities of Boulder

More information

THE HISTORIC CROOKED BILLET MONUMENT

THE HISTORIC CROOKED BILLET MONUMENT THE HISTORIC CROOKED BILLET MONUMENT Four score and two years had passed since the Battle of Crooked Billet, when a group of Hatboro residents in 1860 formed the Hatboro Monument Association to begin plans

More information

Sites of Civil War Trails Signs The First Campaign, 1861, in the Mountains

Sites of Civil War Trails Signs The First Campaign, 1861, in the Mountains Sites of Civil War Trails Signs The First Campaign, 1861, in the Mountains (Website deactivated) The First Campaign, 1861, in the Mountains Virginia's western counties had little in common at the outset

More information

Freedom Project. American Revolution, DK Eyewitness Books, DK Publishing written by Stuart. Course/Grade level: Guided Reading/Social Studies 5 th

Freedom Project. American Revolution, DK Eyewitness Books, DK Publishing written by Stuart. Course/Grade level: Guided Reading/Social Studies 5 th Freedom Project Course/Grade level: Guided Reading/Social Studies 5 th Lesson Title: Casimir Pulaski "Father of the American Cavalry" Teacher: Kayla Lischka Aims/Objectives and Standards: The objective

More information

Invest in Waterfront Property

Invest in Waterfront Property Invest in Waterfront Property Day Lake $599,000 Total Acreage: 465 acres Private lakefront parcel located in North-Central BC Private Lakefront Retreat www.niho.com (604) 606-7900 Private Lakefront Retreat!

More information

ENGLISH COLONIES CHAPTER 3

ENGLISH COLONIES CHAPTER 3 ENGLISH COLONIES CHAPTER 3 NEW ENGLAND COLONIES Colonies MA PLYMOUTH, MA BAY, NH, CT, RI Climate/Geography bitterly cold winters and mild summers; SHORT GROWING SEASONS! Land was flat close to the coastline

More information

Wilderness Areas Designated by the White Pine County bill

Wilderness Areas Designated by the White Pine County bill Wilderness Areas Designated by the White Pine County bill SEC. 321. SHORT TITLE. This subtitle may be cited as the `Pam White Wilderness Act of 2006'. SEC. 322. FINDINGS. Congress finds that-- The White

More information

B10. Agate Beach State Recreation Site

B10. Agate Beach State Recreation Site B10. Agate Beach State Recreation Site Location Within the City of Newport, just south of the Yaquina Head Outstanding Natural Area. The park is located along the west side of Highway 101 at the mouth

More information

BRADDOCK'S WAR SUPPLIES AND DUNBAR'S CAMP 1

BRADDOCK'S WAR SUPPLIES AND DUNBAR'S CAMP 1 I934 braddock's war supplies 49 BRADDOCK'S WAR SUPPLIES AND DUNBAR'S CAMP 1 /-\u25a0-a he following is the story of how the war supplies of General JL Braddock, which he discarded in his hasty retreat

More information

Wool Ranch 20 Acres 20 +/- acres Sunol, CA Alameda County

Wool Ranch 20 Acres 20 +/- acres Sunol, CA Alameda County Wool Ranch 20 Acres 20 +/- acres Sunol, CA Alameda County 707 Merchant Street Suite 100 Vacaville, CA 95688 707-455-4444 Office 707-455-0455 Fax californiaoutdoorproperties.com CalBRE# 01838294 Introduction

More information

CAMP ROCK RANCH JACK KAVANAUGH RMABROKERS.COM

CAMP ROCK RANCH JACK KAVANAUGH RMABROKERS.COM CAMP ROCK RANCH JACK KAVANAUGH 303.909.1706 JACK@RMABROKERS.COM RMABROKERS.COM CAMP ROCK RANCH COLORADO - CLEAR CREEK COUNTY - UPPER BEAR CREEK ROAD, EVERGREEN The 162±-acre Camp Rock Ranch is surprisingly

More information

Civil War Preservation Trust. Civil War Preservation Trust Preserves Historic Battlefield Land. Civil War Preservation Trust

Civil War Preservation Trust. Civil War Preservation Trust Preserves Historic Battlefield Land. Civil War Preservation Trust Civil War Preservation Trust Preserves Historic Battlefield Land Outright purchases Conservation easements Partnerships with federal, state and local governments Working with local citizens Civil War Preservation

More information

Southern Shenandoah Valley Chapter

Southern Shenandoah Valley Chapter Southern Shenandoah Valley Chapter June 7, 2018 Members of the State Water Control Board c/o Office of Regulatory Affairs, Department of Environmental Quality P.O. Box 1105 Richmond, Virginia 23218 citizenboards@deq.virginia.gov

More information

MARCH PROGRAMS WITH HUNTERDON COUNTY DIVISION OF PARKS & RECREATION

MARCH PROGRAMS WITH HUNTERDON COUNTY DIVISION OF PARKS & RECREATION Hunterdon County Division of Parks & Recreation News Release Mailing Address: PO Box 2900, Flemington, NJ 08822-2900 Office Location: 1020 State Highway 31, Lebanon, NJ Telephone (908) 782-1158 Fax (908)

More information

FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION

FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION FROM COLONY TO INDPENDENT NATION Quiz: Wednesday! Aztecs, Incas, Cuban Revolution, Zapatista Movement, Independence Movements! HW: finish notes and complete Multi-Level Review Tomorrow: We begin Government

More information

River Ridge Campgrounds Cabin and RV sites

River Ridge Campgrounds Cabin and RV sites River Ridge Campgrounds Cabin and RV sites Hooray!!! The River Ridge Campground at Sprewell Bluff Park is officially open for overnight guests! There are primitive cabins and RV sites for anyone who would

More information

The Tacoma Star of Destiny

The Tacoma Star of Destiny The Tacoma Star of Destiny The Tacoma Star of Destiny is an advertising tool that was developed early in the 20th century touting all the advantages of Tacoma, WA. The following is the list of the manufacturers,

More information

2004 Chesapeake Bay Small Watershed Grants

2004 Chesapeake Bay Small Watershed Grants 2004 Chesapeake Bay Small Watershed Grants Organization Project Name Award Location District of Columbia Casey Trees Endowment Fund Pope Branch Watershed Tree Planting and Outreach $20,000 Washington,

More information

ANCIENT ROME AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC

ANCIENT ROME AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC ANCIENT ROME AND THE ROMAN REPUBLIC 1 GEOGRAPHY -Located on the Italian peninsula, in the center of the Mediterranean Sea -The Alps are in the North -The Apennine Mts. are on the eastern coast -Broad,

More information

Whitefish Range Partnership Tentatively Approved by WRP 11/18/2013!Rec. Wilderness Page 1

Whitefish Range Partnership Tentatively Approved by WRP 11/18/2013!Rec. Wilderness Page 1 Whitefish Range Partnership Tentatively Approved by WRP 11/18/2013!Rec. Wilderness Page 1 Recommended Wilderness Background The Whitefish Range has a long management and legislative history associated

More information

Partners: Michigan California Timber Company Shasta-Trinity National Forest Pacific Crest Trail Association The Trust for Public Land

Partners: Michigan California Timber Company Shasta-Trinity National Forest Pacific Crest Trail Association The Trust for Public Land Partners: Michigan California Timber Company Shasta-Trinity National Forest Pacific Crest Trail Association The Trust for Public Land Describe the project location, size, opportunities, and timing. Provide

More information

The Remains of the Ontario and Western Railway Fifty Years after Abandonment

The Remains of the Ontario and Western Railway Fifty Years after Abandonment The Remains of the Ontario and Western Railway Fifty Years after Abandonment Oswego to Cadosia Drew James New York Ontario and Western Railway Oswego to Cadosia Oswego Fulton Pennellville Central Square

More information

The First Settlers in Ireland

The First Settlers in Ireland Settlement Settlement Timeline 1. The Hunter-Gatherers of Mount Sandel 2. The New Stone Age Settlers 3. Early Christian Monastic Settlements 4. The Vikings 5. The Normans 6. Later Monastic Settlements

More information

In 1850, Congress passed a law donating two and one half million acres to the State of Illinois for the use of the Illinois Central Rail Road.

In 1850, Congress passed a law donating two and one half million acres to the State of Illinois for the use of the Illinois Central Rail Road. Merna The town of Merna was founded by primarily Irish and German farmers. Their faith and families were an integral part of who they were. There was and still is today a strong sense of community. Most

More information

The Triple Divide Trail System: Building an Eco-Tourism Corridor as a Strategy for River Conservation

The Triple Divide Trail System: Building an Eco-Tourism Corridor as a Strategy for River Conservation The Triple Divide Trail System: Building an Eco-Tourism Corridor as a Strategy for River Conservation William Hart, President Genesee River Wilds, Belmont, NY in collaboration with Allen Kerkeslager, Saint

More information

Communication in the West and the Transcontinental Railroad!!!

Communication in the West and the Transcontinental Railroad!!! Communication in the West and the Transcontinental Railroad!!! What was communication like during Westward Expansion? If people wanted to get letters from the West back to the East, the fastest way was

More information

Pony Express. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1r- GeEd95c

Pony Express. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1r- GeEd95c Pony Express https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y1r- GeEd95c RIDERS Most riders were around 20 years of age Youngest rider was 11 Oldest rider was mid-40s Many riders were orphans Riders usually weighed around

More information

The Partnership Wild & Scenic Rivers Program

The Partnership Wild & Scenic Rivers Program BUDGET REQUEST FISCAL YEAR 2017 Proven, cost-effective protection for 770 miles of rivers and thousands of acres of riparian land Westfield River, MA (L) and Farmington River, CT (R) Partnership Wild &

More information

Paths, Plank Roads, and Planes

Paths, Plank Roads, and Planes S 10 Trail Summary HERITAGE TRAILS Paths, Plank Roads, and Planes Ride along the Paths, Plank Roads, and Planes trail and track the story of development and progress as written through the necessity of

More information

TOWNSHIP OF HILLSIDE, NJ.

TOWNSHIP OF HILLSIDE, NJ. TOWNSHIP OF HILLSIDE, NJ. HILLSIDE Formed as Township: 1913 1970 Population: 21,636 Land Area 2.70 square miles The initial settlement of the township now known as present day Hillside followed shortly

More information

A History of West Chicago

A History of West Chicago A History of West Chicago The Prairie Prairie Inhabitants Winfield Mounds Dickson Mounds, near Lewistown, in southern Illinois. An example of what Native burial mounds look like. First Permanent Settlers

More information

43 STONE MOUNTAIN LOOP

43 STONE MOUNTAIN LOOP 204 60 hikes within 60 miles: atlanta 43 STONE MOUNTAIN LOO i KEY AT-A-GLANCE INFORMATION LENGTH: 5.5 miles CONFIGURATION: Loop DIFFICULTY: Easy SCENERY: Views of Stone Mountain and Confederate Memorial;

More information

Human Geography of Canada

Human Geography of Canada Human Geography of Canada History and Government of Canada Like the United States, people migrated across Beringia into Canada, these people were the ancestors of the Inuit (Eskimos) 16 th and 17 th centuries,

More information

Countries Of The World: Spain

Countries Of The World: Spain Countries Of The World: Spain By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 04.25.18 Word Count 677 Level 830L Image 1. The Puento Nuevo in Ronda, Spain. The bridge was built in the late 1700s

More information

CHAPTER VII: ASSETS, AMENITIES AND UNIQUE OFFERINGS

CHAPTER VII: ASSETS, AMENITIES AND UNIQUE OFFERINGS CHAPTER VII Other Assets, Amenities, and Unique Offerings in the Tri- City Area The Tri- City area of Cumberland, Benham, and Lynch has numerous unique offerings that, in themselves, are major draws to

More information

Choose Your Adventure!

Choose Your Adventure! Choose Your Adventure! The Schuylkill Center s Summer Adventure Treks challenge pre-teens and teens to improve their outdoor knowledge and skills in a comfortable and supportive setting. Participants learn

More information

THE HISTORIC River Street Ellijay, Georgia 30540

THE HISTORIC River Street Ellijay, Georgia 30540 THE HISTORIC 1907 24 River Street Ellijay, Georgia 30540 The 1907 restaurant building is located in the historic district of Ellijay, Georgia, and houses a retail dress shop in the lower left commercial

More information

Northeast Regional Office 2133 Market St, #222 Camp Hill, PA Patricia Tomes Program Coordinator

Northeast Regional Office 2133 Market St, #222 Camp Hill, PA Patricia Tomes Program Coordinator Northeast Regional Office 2133 Market St, #222 Camp Hill, PA 17011 717-238-1717 Patricia Tomes Program Coordinator Economic Impact of Rail-Trails Trail User Surveys Results and Comparison 2006 The Trails

More information

Driving Tour of Underground Railroad Homes in Delaware County Prepared by the Delaware County Historical Society

Driving Tour of Underground Railroad Homes in Delaware County Prepared by the Delaware County Historical Society Driving Tour of Underground Railroad Homes in Delaware County Prepared by the Delaware County Historical Society Please note, that except for the Meeker Homestead on Stratford Road, the rest of these locations

More information