PEI Mussel Monitoring Program Report. Technical Report # 252

Transcription

1 PEI Mussel Monitoring Program 2013 Report Technical Report # 252 By Gary Smith Mussel Monitoring Technician & Aaron Ramsay Aquaculture Biologist Prince Edward Island Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Rural Development Aquaculture Division Montague, PEI 548 Main Street C0A 1R0

2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The PEI Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Rural Development wishes to acknowledge the cooperation of the mussel growers whose leases were used as sites for the collection of mussel and water samples for the Mussel Monitoring Program, as well as others who assisted in the delivery of this program. As well, the Department would like to acknowledge Tommy Joe MacDonald Jr. and Tyler Bernard for their work in sample collection and analysis. - i -

3 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS... i SUMMARY... 1 INTRODUCTION... 4 MATERIALS AND METHODS... 5 Equipment... 5 Methods and Procedures Spat-fall Prediction Mussel Water Temperature Phytoplankton Monitoring Tunicate Larvae Predator and Fouling Monitoring Reporting RESULTS AND DISCUSSION APPENDIX I Mussel Monitoring Data by Area APPENDIX II Maps of Sample Sites APPENDIX III Water Temperature Graphs for Sample Sites APPENDIX IV Mussel Steamed Information APPENDIX V Maps Displaying Current Known Range of Invasive Tunicates in PEI ii -

4 SUMMARY The information collected from the Mussel Monitoring Program (MMP) is provided to mussel growers and processors to assist in the management of their mussel farms and mussel harvesting plans. Staff of the Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Rural Development (DFARD) collected information related to mussel spat-fall, mussel meat yield, water temperature, the presence of potentially toxic algal species, tunicate larvae, and the presence of predators and fouling on mussel seed and grows-out lines. The information was collected from 33 mussel spat collection and growing areas over a period of 31 weeks in Information on mussel spat-fall prediction was collected from April 30 th to July 2 nd and on potentially toxic phytoplankton from September 4 th to November 27 th. Monitoring for the presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton was conducted in cooperation with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA). The cooperation between CFIA and DFARD has resulted in a more efficient sampling program. In addition, water samples from mussel grow-out areas were examined for the presence of mussel larvae from July to late November. Growers often delay raising their crop and the socking of new mussel seed in the fall until the mussel spawning period is over and larvae can no longer be detected. This information assists the growers in avoiding a second mussel set on both new and old mussel crop. Mussel landings in 2012 were 50.0 million lbs, an increase of 4.0 million lbs over the landings in Landings for 2013 were not finalized at the time of printing of this report. The meat yield values of mussels collected from the monitoring stations in 2013 varied greatly (17-50 Canadian meat yield values) from area to area without evidence of apparent trends. There was an excellent set of mussel seed in most areas this year. Treatment for starfish, green algae and tunicates is very important in maintaining a good set of spat on collectors. There were no reports of seed shortage this year. Temperature data collected at each of the sample sites were within normal ranges for mussel growth and performance

5 There were high counts of Pseudo-nitzschia sp., from several north shore bays, in the water samples collected for the toxic phytoplankton monitoring portion of the program, however no toxins were detected in the analysis of mussel tissue. This is the first time since the fall of 2006 that high concentrations of Pseudo-nitzschia sp have been detected in water samples. There have been no elevated levels of domoic acid detected in shellfish since the fall of 2006 and, as a result, there were no closures of mussel harvesting areas due to presence of toxins. Tunicates continue to cause fouling problems for many mussel growers, with high densities of vase tunicates occurring in Montague River, Brudenell River, St. Mary s Bay, Murray River, Boughton River and Cardigan River. The vase tunicate continues to be observed in Souris River. For the fifth consecutive year, a joint intensive survey was conducted in the Nine Mile Creek area by Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), the Atlantic Veterinary College (AVC) and our Department in mid September. No vase or clubbed tunicates were observed during the survey; however, the density of the violet tunicate remains high in the area. The density of the clubbed tunicate remains high in the March Water portion of Malpeque Bay and in Darnley Basin. Two clubbed tunicates were found on oyster gear in Savage Harbour in the spring of 2012; however, an intensive follow-up survey by DFARD and DFO was conducted in 2012 (and again in 2013 by DFARD) and this species was not detected. DFARD and AVC completed a follow-up survey in Tracadie Bay in September in response to seed being transferred to the area from Grand River last year, prior to a large clubbed tunicate being detected on a seed collection line. DFARD also completed a dive survey in Rustico Bay in mid August. Colonial tunicates have become well established in the bay; however, no solitary tunicates were observed. The clubbed tunicate was detected for the first time in Egmont Bay on oyster gear in November Colonial tunicates have become more abundant in several other north shore bays, including Darnley Basin, Southwest River and New London Bay. The two colonial tunicate species remain at high levels in Tracadie Bay, St. Peter s Bay, Nine Mile Creek and Savage Harbour. For information on the locations of all four aquatic invasive tunicates in PEI, see the invasive species locator maps in Appendix V. Tunicate larvae numbers, listed by species, are shown in Appendix I. Vase tunicate larvae were present in water samples from June 5 th until November 14 th. Peak vase tunicate larval count was - 2 -

6 from water samples collected from Murray River on September 17 th, with 200 larvae being counted in a 150 L water sample. Clubbed tunicate larvae were present in water samples collected in March Water and Darnley Basin from mid June until mid October, peaking in Darnley Basin on August 7 th, with 159 larvae detected. Information collected over the 2013 season was communicated to mussel growers via the use of a voice mail system and also through the Mussel Monitoring website at

7 INTRODUCTION The Prince Edward Island Mussel Monitoring Program (MMP) is a technical service provided to cultured mussel growers and processors by the Department of Fisheries, Aquaculture and Rural Development (DFARD). The MMP has operated annually since 1982 during the ice-free season providing mussel growers and processors with a variety of information to assist them in the management of their operations. Information is collected for the MMP on mussel spat-fall prediction, mussel meat yield analysis, water temperature, the detection and estimation of the numbers of potentially toxic algae species (such as the toxin producing diatom, Pseudo-nitzschia sp., and dinoflagellates, Alexandrium sp. and Dinophysis sp.), the presence and number of tunicate larvae, and the presence and quantity of predators and fouling organisms. As well, information on mussel meat quality of harvestsized mussels collected at the sample sites (i.e. meat yield and spawning condition) is made available over the season to the mussel growers and processing plants through the MMP. This information assists the processing plants in ensuring the consumer receives a high quality product. The department has expanded the role of the MMP over time in response to requests for additional information by the mussel industry. As well, the information collected for this program is often utilized by other government and academic research agencies and additional information has been collected for researchers when possible. The MMP has provided this assistance without substantially re-directing its resources from its mandate as a technical advisory service to the Prince Edward Island (PEI) mussel growers. In 2012, the cultured mussel industry produced 50,023,365 lbs of product for market with a landed value of $30,014,000, which was an increase in both landings and value, as compared to 2011 (Figure 1). The mussel industry is an important contributor to the PEI economy and has resulted in the creation of an estimated 1,500 full-time jobs and numerous spin-off industries. The economic value of the industry to PEI is estimated at over $60 million dollars

8 Figure 1. PEI mussel landings and values from 1980 to The mussels grown in PEI waters are of high quality because the growing areas are abundant in food and have excellent water exchange. The rivers and bays on PEI are well sheltered from prevailing winds making them ideal for mussel aquaculture. The objective of this report is to document the information that was communicated to mussel growers during the 2013 season through either the MMP website or through the dedicated phone message system. MATERIALS AND METHODS Equipment 17' Boston Whaler, 90 hp Mercury outboard motor and Shorelander boat trailer YSI temperature meter, Vemco automated temperature recorders, water pump (50L/minute capacity), 64 micron nitex screen for collecting mussel larvae, 20' clear plastic tubing (1.5" in diameter) and 2.5 gallon container Electronic weigh scale, calipers and cooking equipment for meat yield analysis Microscope, slides and pipettes for mussel larvae and phytoplankton observation Vacuum pump and filtering apparatus for phytoplankton slide preparation - 5 -

9 Field books, sample bags and cooler Computer and printer to analyze and store data Methods and Procedures The data collected by the MMP is to provide information on six main areas related to mussel aquaculture: 1. Mussel spat-fall prediction 2. Mussel meat yield 3. Water temperature 4. Presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton 5. Tunicate larvae sampling 6. Predators and fouling organisms Thirty-three mussel growing/spat collection areas are sampled weekly for the MMP (Figure 2). Maps demonstrating the specific locations of each of the sample sites are displayed in Appendix II. Figure 2. Sample collection sites for the Mussel Monitoring Program

10 1. Spat-fall Prediction The numbers and size range of mussel larvae were determined from water samples collected weekly at each of the sample locations from late April until early July. This information was used to assist mussel growers in predicting the timing and abundance of mussel spat-fall. The growers use this information to determine when to either deploy, or to raise and clean their collectors in order to maximize spat collection. Mussel larvae information was also collected from July to late November at some grow-out sites to provide growers with information on mussel second set. Some growers attempt to avoid or reduce the amount of second set from settling on market mussels by keeping the mussels submerged until mussel larvae are no longer detected in the water column. The growers also avoid the second set from settling on newly socked mussels by delaying the socking process until after the second set is complete. To collect mussel larvae for this analysis, water samples are pumped from the top two to three meters of the water column through a 64 µm screen at the rate of 50 liters per minute for three minutes (Figure 3). The mussel larvae become trapped on the screen surface and are washed off with 10 ml of previously screened seawater into a sample bottle. A 1 ml subsample of the larval concentrate is examined utilizing a compound microscope to determine the abundance and average size of the mussel larvae. The quantity of mussel larvae present is quantified according to the following scale: Low = 1 5 Medium = 6 15 High = >15 Figure 3. MMP field crew collecting water samples and water quality information

11 2. Mussel Market size mussels were held in wire cages at each monitoring station for meat yield analysis. Samples for meat yield analysis were collected from each of the monitoring stations from April 27 th to November 27 th. The following procedure is used for the determination of mussel meat yields: A. Thirty market mussels, 55 mm or greater in length, (generally months old) are randomly selected and cleaned in fresh running water. B. Mussels are steamed in the absence of water for ten minutes, and then the meats are shucked from the shells. C. The steamed meat yield, expressed as a percentage, is determined according to the formula: = Steamed Meat Weight x 100 (Steamed Shell + Steamed Meat Weight) D. The European meat yield, expressed as a percentage, is determined according to the formula: European = Steamed Meat Weight x 100 Raw Weight of Sample Mussel meat yield information is beneficial to growers to assist in the determination of the mussel spawning condition in a river system. The information, when collected over a long-term basis, is of interest in the analysis of potential trends in mussel condition. This information is displayed graphically in Appendix IV. 3. Water Temperature Water temperatures were recorded from 1 to 2 metres below the surface at each site, at the time of each site visit, throughout the season (Figure 3). In addition, automatic temperature recording devices, set to record hourly temperature readings, were placed approximately 2 metres below the surface in several of the mussel growing areas. The hourly collected temperature data provided additional information on water temperature profiles throughout the ice-free season. This information assists growers in comparing temperature conditions with the development of mussel spawning condition over the season in various river systems. As well, in the event that shellfish mortality occurs, it is beneficial to have the information on temperatures over the season to assist in the investigation of the cause of the mortality. Temperature profiles taken - 8 -

12 from each of the mussel monitoring stations can be found in Appendix III and also in Appendix I for specific sampling days. 4. Phytoplankton Monitoring The monitoring for the presence of potentially toxic phytoplankton began on September 4 th and continued until November 27 th in It is during this time period that toxic algae blooms have most frequently occurred in PEI waters. This portion of the program was conducted in conjunction with the Canadian food Inspection Agency (CFIA) who share in the collection of samples with staff of the MMP. The procedure utilized to collect, identify and quantify potentially toxic algae is documented in the DFO procedures manual A field and laboratory manual for the collection, identification and enumeration of toxic marine phytoplankton by John C. Smith and Kevin Pauley. Department staff collected water samples weekly from sites in Boughton River, Brudenell River, Cardigan River, Covehead Bay, Murray River, Savage Harbour, St. Mary s Bay, St. Peter s Bay and Tracadie Bay. Mussel samples were also collected by department staff from these sites for the CFIA toxin monitoring program. CFIA staff collected water and mussel samples from Darnley Basin, Lennox Channel, March Water, New London Bay, and Rustico Bay for both programs. Information on the identification and quantity of potentially toxic phytoplankton species observed in the water samples were reported to CFIA and also were made available to growers on the MMP website and voice mail message system. The numbers of algal cells observed were reported according to the following scale: Trace = cells/l Low = ,000 cells/l Medium = 50, ,000 cells/l High = greater than 350,000 cells /L The results of the phytoplankton analysis for 2013 are reported in the results section of this report (Appendix I). The information collected from this portion of the program is beneficial to provide both industry and CFIA with an early warning of the possibility of a bloom of potentially toxic algae occurring in an area. The presence of toxins in mussel tissue is monitored by CFIA, - 9 -

13 and closures are based upon these levels; however, the information on the types and quantity of phytoplankton present in the water column is invaluable as early warning that an event might occur. If the samples show that numbers of a potentially toxic algae species are present and increasing in a river system CFIA may increase their sampling of mussels from the area and industry can plan future mussel harvests avoiding the algae bloom and ensuring that a safe product is sold to the market place. 5. Tunicate Larvae The numbers of tunicate larvae (vase, clubbed, violet, golden star) were counted in water samples collected from tunicate infested areas (see Appendix I for numbers of tunicate larvae). The purpose of obtaining the larvae numbers was to: inform growers when the tunicates start and stop spawning, the species of tunicate larvae present, and to provide an indication of the amount of larvae that were present over the season. Recent research results have shown that there may not be a direct correlation between the timing and density of tunicate recruitment and the observation of tunicate larvae and larvae densities in the water samples collected for MMP. However, this information is still considered to be worthwhile to collect and may show an indication in trends in changes in tunicate populations over time. Tunicate counts were conducted weekly from mid-june to early December. Water samples were collected by pumping water through a 64 µm sieve using a water pump at the rate of 50 L per minute for 3 minutes (a total of 150 L per sample). Tunicate larvae were identified and counted in the entire water sample. The larvae counts were made available for the growers on the MMP website and voice mail message system ( ). 6. Predator and Fouling Monitoring Spat lines were examined for the general appearance of the crop and for the presence of predators (such as starfish and sea ducks), fouling organisms such as algae, hydroids, tunicates or sea anemones and also for the presence of silt. Mussel growers are notified if large numbers of starfish were observed on spat lines, or of any other potential problems that are noted by technical staff. In the fall of 2013, staff worked with Bob Thompson, a consultant hired by the PEI Aquaculture Alliance to coordinate sea duck surveys and to test new techniques to deter ducks from predating on cultured mussels. If growers observe any unusual fouling organisms or

14 aquatic invasive species that are outside of their known range they are asked to either contact this department or Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO). Staff of either department will be available to identify the organisms and provide more information on the species. Information and maps showing the current known ranges of all aquatic invasive tunicates in PEI waters is available on the MMP website, in Appendix V of this report, or may be obtained by contacting staff of either our department or DFO. Reporting The information collected from the MMP is made available throughout the field season through a telephone voice mail message system and also through the mussel monitoring website. In addition, the previous year s MMP reports are available on the DFARD website. Mussel growers are able to access this information at any time. The telephone numbers are Charlottetown exchange and long distance The web address is RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Information collected on quantity and size ranges of mussel larvae, meat yields, water temperature, numbers of potentially toxic algae and tunicate larvae from each monitoring location are presented in the tables in Appendix I. A high quantity of mussel seed was collected in most areas in High numbers of setting size mussel larvae were observed in water samples at most locations from mid June until early July. In 2013, high numbers (greater than 350,000 cells/l) of Pseudo-nitzschia sp. cells (Figure 4) were observed in some locations. In past years, there were frequent fall blooms of Pseudonitzschia sp., which provided a significant food source for cultured mussels prior to the winter period. However, there have been no closures to mussel harvesting due to domoic acid toxicity since For example, in Cardigan River the numbers of Pseudo-nitzschia sp., (a non-toxin producing form), peaked in the late fall of 2001 at 5.6 million cells/l of seawater and in 2002 at

15 9.3 million cells/l. In 2013, the peak numbers of Pseudo-nitzschia sp. cells was 3.2 million cells/l (Lennox Channel). Since 2007, there have been extensive blooms of Chaetoceros sp., along with other algae species, which are also excellent food sources for mussels. Figure 4. Pseudo-nitzschia sp., a potentially toxic phytoplankton species. Invasive tunicate species continue to cause fouling problems for the mussel industry. There are four invasive tunicate species located in PEI waters: the solitary clubbed and vase tunicates and the colonial violet and the golden star tunicates (see Appendix V for maps showing the most current tunicate distribution). The clubbed tunicate remains at high levels in the March Water area of Malpeque Bay and in Darnley Basin, while numbers continue to remain low in New London Bay, Orwell / Vernon Rivers, Souris River and Grand River. Two clubbed tunicates were found on oyster gear in Savage Harbour in the spring of 2012; however, an intensive follow-up survey by DFARD and DFO was conducted in 2012 (and again in 2013 by DFARD) and this species was not detected. DFARD and AVC completed a follow-up survey in Tracadie Bay in September in response to the transfer of mussel seed from Grand River last year, prior to a large clubbed tunicate being detected on a seed collection line. DFARD also completed a dive survey (Figure 5) in Rustico Bay in mid August. Colonial tunicates have become well established in these bays; however, no solitary tunicates were observed. The clubbed tunicate

16 was detected for the first time in Egmont Bay on oyster gear in November The density of the vase tunicate continues to be very high in the Montague and Brudenell Rivers, St. Mary s Bay, Murray River, Cardigan River and Boughton River. A population remains in the Souris River, where it was first identified in Colonial tunicates have been detected in all mussel production areas on PEI, with the exception of North Lake. Figure 5. DFARD staff completing dive survey (Bideford River) for the presence of aquatic invasive species. Currently, there are restrictions on shellfish transfers into and between areas due to tunicate infestations. For the most recent information on the restrictions please contact the local DFO office. Maps depicting the locations of the aquatic invasive tunicates in PEI are displayed in Appendix V, and may also be viewed on both the MMP and DFO s websites. Tunicate larvae numbers, by species, which were detected in the water samples, are shown in Appendix I. Vase tunicate larvae were present in water samples from June 5 th until November 14 th. Peak larval count of the vase tunicate was in Murray River on September 17 th with 200 larvae being counted in a 150 L water sample. Clubbed tunicate larvae were present in water samples collected in March Water and Darnley Basin from mid June until mid October, peaking in Darnley Basin on August 7 th with 159 larvae detected

17 Sea duck predation on newly socked mussels continues to be a problem in PEI. With the apparent trend of warm weather occurring later into the fall and milder winters with ice cover occurring for shorter periods, there has been more opportunity for ducks to feed on newly socked mussels. Sea duck predation has been observed on mussels in the spring of the year since This appears to be a new trend in feeding behavior of migrating sea ducks, (previously predation problems were only noted in the fall of the year). The most problematic species are scaup, longtailed ducks and scoters (Figure 6). Figure 6. Problematic duck species, including scaup (Top), long-tails (Middle) and scoters (Bottom)

18 DFARD, worked jointly on a project with DFO, the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), the Prince Edward Island Aquaculture Alliance (PEIAA) and Industry to investigate new deterrent techniques (i.e. Phoenix Wetlands Wailer, see Figure 7), and to conduct surveys to determine sea duck population dynamics. Figure 7. 'Phoenix Wetlands Wailer being tested as sea duck deterrents. Despite the challenges facing the mussel industry, including sea duck predation and tunicate fouling, landings continue to grow each year. In 2012, landings reached a new high of 50,023,365 lbs, with a landed value of $30,014,000. The industry, as a whole, has shown a remarkable ability to innovate, developing new technologies and growing practices to overcome these challenges

19 APPENDIX I Mussel Monitoring Data by Area

20 Baltic River Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June Med June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. No setting larvae were observed during sampling. Bentick Cove Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Low June Med June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17,

21 Boughton River Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May May Med May Low May Med June Med June High June High C June High C July High C July High C July High C July Med C July Low C Aug C Aug C Aug Med C Aug Low C Sep Low C Sep Med C Sep Low C Sep Low C Oct Low C Oct C Oct C Oct C Oct C Nov C Nov Nov The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 19, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

22 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Brudenell River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May Low May Low May June High C June High C June High C June High C Tunicate Larvae July High C 2S July High C 6S July High C 5S July Med C 3S July Low C 2S Aug C 2S Aug C 5S Aug Med C 4S Aug Low C 3S Sep Low C 3S Sep Low C 1S Sep Med C 2S Sep Low C 2S Oct Low C Oct C Oct C 1S Oct Low C Oct C Nov Nov C The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 18, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

23 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Cardigan River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May May May June Low June High June High C June High C July High C July High C July High C July Med C July Med C Tunicate Larvae Aug C 2S Aug Aug Low C Aug Med C 2S Sep Med C Sep Low C Sep Med C Sep Low C Oct Low C Oct 09 n/a C Oct C Oct ,600 2C Oct ,600 3C Nov Nov ,900 0 Nov ,600 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 19, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

24 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Chichester Cove Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Med June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17,

25 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Covehead Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae Apr May High May Med May High June High June High June High June High July High July Med July Med July Low July Low Sep Sep Med Sep Low Sep Low , Oct Low Oct Oct , Oct , Nov , Nov , Nov , The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 10,

26 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Darnley Basin Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May June Med June High June High S June High S July High S Tunicate Larvae July High S July Med S July Low S Aug Low S Aug S Aug S Aug S Sep S Sep Low S Sep Low S Sep Low Sep Oct Oct ,000 0 Oct ,000 0 Oct ,600 0 Nov ,300 0 Nov ,800 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately July 04, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

27 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Fox Island Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June June Med June Med June Med The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 24, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) French River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunictae Larvae May June Low June High June Med June Med The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Grand River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June Med June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17,

28 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Hope River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Med June Med June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Hunter River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June High June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Kildare River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Low June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 24,

29 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Lennox Channel Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May Low May Low June Low June High June High S June High S July High S July Med S July Low S Aug S Aug S Aug S Aug Low S Sep S Sep Low S Sep Sep Sep Oct ,000 0 Oct ,240,000 0 Nov ,000 0 Nov ,000 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 18, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet Tunicate Larvae

30 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) March Water Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May June June S Tunicate Larvae June S June S July S July S July S Aug S Aug S Aug S Aug S Sep S Sep S Sep Sep S Sep Oct ,200 2S Oct ,760,000 0 Oct ,000 0 Nov ,000 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

31 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Mill River Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June June Med June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 18, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Montrose Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Low June Med June Med June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 24,

32 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns ) Murray River Pre-set Setsize Steamed Meat Yield European Meat Yield #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May Low May May Low Tunicate Larvae Jun High C Jun High C 2S Jun High C 1S Jun High C 3S Jul High C Jul High C 2S Jul Med C 4S Jul Low C 12S Jul Low C 1S Aug C 4S Aug C 3S Aug Low C 2S 1GS Aug Low C 1S Sep Low C 4S Sep Low C 3S Sep Low C 4S Sep C Oct C Oct C Oct C 1S Oct C Oct C Nov The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 18, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

33 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) New London Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May May Med June Med June High June High June High July Med July Med July Med Sep Sep Low Sep Low Sep Sep Oct , Oct 16 n/a , Oct , Oct , Nov , Nov , Nov , The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20,

34 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Nine Mile Creek Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June High June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 19, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) North Lake Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Med June Med June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 28, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Pre-set Orwell Bay Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June High June High June Med June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 19,

35 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Rustico Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May May Med May Med June High June High June High July Med July Med Sep Sep Sep Sep Oct Oct , Oct , Oct , Nov , Nov Nov , Nov The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20,

36 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Savage Harbour Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May May May Low June Med June Med June High June Med July Med July Med July High July Med July Low Sep Sep Low Sep Low Sep Low Sep Oct Oct ,100 0 Oct ,500 0 Oct ,900 0 Nov ,200 0 Nov ,100 0 Nov ,900 0 Nov ,300 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet Tunicate Larvae

37 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Souris River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June Low June Low June Med June Med The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 28, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Southwest River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May June Low June High June Med June Med The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 20, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Stanley River Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Med June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 11,

38 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) St. Mary s Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) May May Low May Low May Low June High Tunicate Larvae June High C July High C 1S July Med C 3S July Med C 4S July Low C 3S July Low C 5S Aug S Aug S Aug Med C 2S Aug Low C 2S Sep Low C 2S Sep Med ,000 14C Sep Low C 2S Oct C Oct C Oct C Oct Nov Nov ,600 0 The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 18, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

39 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) St. Peter s Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May May Low May Low May Med June High June High June High June Med July Med July High July High July Low July Low Sep Sep Low Sep Low Sep Low Sep Low Oct Oct Oct , Oct , Nov , Nov , Nov , Nov The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

40 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Tracadie Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae Apr May Med May Med May Med June High June High June Med July Med July Med July Med July Low Sep Sep Low Sep Low Sep Sep Low , Oct Low Oct Oct , Oct , Nov , Nov , Nov The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17, 2013 C= Ciona S=Styela GS=Goldenstar V=Violet

41 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Webber Cove Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May Low June Low June High June High June High The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 17, 2013 Date Water Temp Mussel larvae Size (microns) Winter Bay Pre-set Set-size Steamed European #Pseudonitzschia (cells/l) Tunicate Larvae May High June High June High June High June High July Med The setting of mussel larvae occurs when they reach a size of at least 250 microns. Setting started in this area approximately June 10,

42 APPENDIX II Maps of Sample Sites

43 OB-7273-L BOT-7256-L BOT-6599-L BOT-7482-L BOT-5420-L OB-7319-L OB-6968-L SPAT-0183B SPAT-0184B SEED-0564 OB-2934-L OB-3216-L SPAT-0183A SEED-0563 Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SEED-0519 Baltic River Mussel Monitoring Site BOT-7174-L OB-6907-L OB-7585-L BOT-7534-L SPAT-0403 SPAT SUR-0720-L OB-7010-L SPAT SPAT SUR-0712-L SUR-0729-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Sites SPAT SPAT SUR-0645-L BOT L SPAT-0180A SPAT-0180B SPAT SPAT BOT-7463-L SPAT-0271 SPAT-0276 BOT-4000-L SPAT-0219 Bentick Cove, Webber Cove and Chichester Cove Mussel Monitoring Site

44 SPAT-0398 BOT-7483-L OB-7557-L SEED-0418 OB-7640-L SUR-0461-L SUR-0539-L SUR-0754-L SUR-0582-L SUR-0755-L SUR-0072-L SUR-0522-L SUR-0165-L BOT-7760-L BOT-7761-L BOT-7722-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site Boughton River Mussel Monitoring Site BOT-7763-L SUR-0707-L SUR-0464-L SUR-0048-L BOT-7572-L SUR-0762-L SUR-0052-L SUR-0278-L SUR-0696-L SUR-0697-L SUR-0636-L SUR-0656-L SUR-0731-L SUR-0698-L SUR-0080-L SUR-0590-L SUR-0732-L SUR-0532-L SUR-0710-L SPAT-0393 SUR-0100-L SUR-0738-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0728-L Brudenell River Mussel Monitoring Site

45 SUR-0117B-L SUR-0117A-L SUR-0242-L SUR-0121-L OB-7479-L OB-7480-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0706-L SUR-0621-L SUR-0632-L SUR-0671-L SUR-0640-L BOT-7763-L SUR-0707-L Cardigan River Mussel Monitoring Site BOT-7510-L BOT-7511-L BOT-7723-L BOT-7514-L BOT-7642-L SUR-0554-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0638-L Covehead Bay Mussel Monitoring Site

46 BOT-6664-L SUR-0523-L BOT-6732-L BOT-7556-L SUR-0524-L SUR-0624-L BOT-6657-L BOT-7748-L OB-7538-L OB-7405-L BOT-7035-L BOT-2350-L SUR-0625-L SUR-0675-L SUR-0591-L BOT-6407-L SUR-0596-L SUR-0595-L SUR-0589-L BOT-7070-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7250-L SUR-0592-L OB-7272-L SUR-0616-L SUR-0594-L OB-7264-L BOT-7207-L OB-7330-L OB-7273-L BOT-7256-L Darnley Basin Mussel Monitoring Site SEED-0375 Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SEED-0371 SEED-0031 SEED-0152 French River Mussel Monitoring Site

47 BOT-6965-L BOT-7704-L OB-6725-L OB-7385-L BOT L BOT L SPAT SPAT-0284 BOT L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7181-L BOT-6920-L OB-6765-L BOT-3665-L Grand River Mussel Monitoring Site BOT-4273-L BOT-7565-L BOT-7566-L OB-7565-L OB-7566-L BOT-7736-L BOT-7735-L OB-7567-L SPAT-0288 SPAT-0289 Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SEED-0523B SEED-0370 SEED-0523A L Hope River Mussel Monitoring Site

48 SUR-0677-L BOT-6793-L SUR-0658-L SUR-0612-L SUR-0676-L SUR-0687-L SUR-0545-L SUR-0546-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SPAT-0321 Hunter River Mussel Monitoring Site SPAT Mussel Monitoring Sampling Sites SPAT-0314 SEED-0524 SPAT-0331 OB-7578-L BOT L BOT-7135-L Kildare River and Montrose Mussel Monitoring Sites

49 BOT-5858-L OB-7611-L BOT-6939-L BOT-7365-L OB-7316-L BOT-6685-L 562-L 8-L 653-L OB-7318-L OB-7224-L BOT-7387-L BOT-7549-L 741-L SPAT-0213 BOT-7743-L T-5324-L BOT-7046-L OB-6555-L BOT-7403-L OB-6270-L BOT-7563-L BOT-7077-L BOT-6751-L BOT-6802-L BOT-7717-L BOT-7506-L BOT-7142-L BOT-4526-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7056-L BOT-7377-L BOT-4418-L L 389-L -L 7703-L BOT-7550-L BOT-7364-L OB-7205-L SUR-0536-L SUR-0200-L SUR-0540-L Lennox Channel Mussel Monitoring Site Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0527-L SUR-0525-L SUR-0526-L SUR-0529-L BOT-7335-L BOT-7173-L BOT-7201-L BOT-7183-L SUR-0614-L SUR-0558-L OB-7141-L OB-7546-L SUR-0528-L BOT-7487-L SUR-0759-L L 72-L SUR-0553-L SUR-0637-L T-7466-L BOT-7651-L BOT-7353-L SUR-0584-L SUR-0530-L SUR-0531-L BOT-7641-L BOT-6921-L BOT-6459-L BOT-6877-L BOT-7351-L SUR-0650-L BOT-7174-L March Water Mussel Monitoring Site

50 BOT-6805-L OB-7371-L OB-7631-L BOT L BOT-5427-L OB-7376-L BOT-7523-L OB-7196-L OB-6986-L BOT-3431-L BOT-3617-L OB-7762-L BOT-5443-L SPAT-0246 SPAT-0313 BOT-7043-L BOT-7060-L OB-7271-L SPAT-0353 BOT-6974-L OB-6914-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Sites BOT LBOT-7374-L BOT L OB-2861-L OB-7777-L BOT-7278-L BOT-7277-L BOT-7669-L SUR-0690-L BOT-7279-L BOT-2852-L SUR-0694-L Mill River and Fox Island Mussel Monitoring Sites OB-6841-L SUR-0145-L SEED-0269 SUR-0151-L SUR-0302-L SUR-0753-L SUR-0520-L OB-7574-L SUR-0129-L BOT-5763-L SUR-0152-L SUR-0685-L BOT-7573-L SUR-0704-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0158-L SUR-0581-L SUR-0684-L SUR-0757-L OB-5448-L BOT-5422-L SUR-0171-L BOT-5293-L SPAT-0408 SPAT-0312 Murray River Mussel Monitoring Site

51 SUR-0503B-L 7259-L 9-L SUR-0510-L SUR-0509-L SUR-0508-L SUR-0507-L SUR-0758-L SUR-0506-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7268-L BOT-7522-L 7-L T-7633-L SUR-0504-L SUR-0505-L L 82-L SUR-0517-L SUR-0503A-L BOT-7577-L BOT-7565-L OB-7565-L OB-7566-L OB-7567-L SPAT-0288 Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SPAT-0289 New London Mussel Monitoring Site SUR-0725-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0727-L SUR-0717-L SUR-0746-L SUR-0723-L SUR-0743-L SUR-0726-L SUR-0713-L SUR-0763-L SUR-0736-L SUR-0715-L BOT-7645-L BOT-7647-L BOT-7604-L SPAT-0366 BOT-7701-L BOT-7724-L Nine Mile Creek Mussel Monitoring Site

52 Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0721-L SUR-0722-L SUR-0718-L North Lake Mussel Monitoring Site BOT-7469-L BOT-4475-L BOT-6711-L BOT-7186-L BOT-7465-L BOT-7293-L BOT-7495-L BOT-3948-L OB-7489-L BOT-7493-L BOT-7322-L SUR-0699-L SUR-0769-L SUR-0646-L SUR-0768-L SUR-0767-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site Orwell Bay Mussel Monitoring Site

53 BOT-7524-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7570-L SUR-0550-L SUR-0549-L SUR-0551-L SUR-0547-L SUR-0695-L SUR-0552-L SUR-0689-L SUR-0548-L SUR-0674-L SUR-0634-L Rustico Bay Mussel Monitoring Site Bot-7603-L BOT-7683-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT-7464-L SUR-0631-L SUR-0604-L SUR-0603-L SUR-0602-L BOT-7733-L SPAT-0234 BOT-4830-L SUR-0601-L SUR-0609-L SUR-0691-L SUR-0608-L SUR-0607-L SUR-0598-L SUR-0606-L SUR-0605-L OB-7270-LBOT-6054-L SUR-0660-L SUR-0678-L Savage Harbour Mussel Monitoring Site

54 SUR-0683-L SUR-0659-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site BOT L BOT-7529-L BOT-7532-L Souris River Mussel Monitoring Site OB-7569-L SUR-0337-L BOT-7633-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0221-L BOT-7755-L BOT-7075-L SUR-0268-L BOT-7541-L SUR-0716-L BOT-6668-L OB-7305-L SPAT-0277 SUR-0682-L BOT-7630-L BOT-7542-L BOT-3122-L BOT-7681-L BOT-7537-L SUR-0339-L BOT-6203-L BOT-6380-L BOT-4161-L OB-7434-L BOT-4737-L Southwest River Mussel Monitoring Site

55 BOT-5264-L BOT-5686-L BOT-6667-L BOT-6579-L BOT-6201-L BOT-6718-L SUR-0583-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SEED-0257 Stanley River Mussel Monitoring Site SUR-0711-L SUR-0739-L BOT-7543-L BOT-7699-L SUR-0705-L BOT-7545-L BOT-7752-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0064-L SUR-0709-L SUR-0644-L SUR-0618-L SUR-0619-L SUR-0643-L SUR-0450-L SUR-0770-L SUR-0008-L SUR-0741-L SUR-0579-L SUR-0641-L BOT-7544-L BOT-7737-L BOT-7680-L St. Mary s Bay Mussel Monitoring Site

56 SUR-0680-L SUR-0193-L SUR-0585-L SUR-0538-L SUR-0521A-L SUR-0535-L SUR-0310-L OB-7424-L SUR-0533-L SUR-0663-L SUR-0188-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Site SUR-0700-L SUR-0214-L SUR-0702-L SUR-0630-L SUR-0120-L SUR-0147-L SUR-0183-L SUR-0174-L SEED-0172 St. Peter s Bay Mussel Monitoring Site SUR-0563-L SUR-0662-L SUR-0385-L BOT-7552-L BOT-4815-L BOT-7536-L SUR-0500-L SUR-0537-L SUR-0334-L SUR-0279-L SUR-0670-L SUR-0543-L SUR-0384-L BOT-7048-L SUR-0708-L SUR-0055-L SUR-0574-L SUR-0564-L BOT-6973-L SUR-0541-L SUR-0760-L SUR-0655-L SUR-0693-L BOT-7581-L SUR-0136A-L BOT-7050B-L Mussel Monitoring Sampling Sites Mussel Monitoring Sampling Sites SUR-0692-L OB-7580-L SUR-0733-L Tracadie Bay and Winter Bay Mussel Monitoring Sites

57 APPENDIX III Water Temperature Graphs for Sample Sites

58 Temperature data collected at Boughton River Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at Brudenell River Mussel Monitoring Station

59 Temperature data collected at Covehead Bay Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at Darnley Basin Mussel Monitoring Station

60 Temperature data collected at Lennox Channel Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at Murray River Mussel Monitoring Station

61 Temperature data collected at New London Bay Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at Rustico Bay Mussel Monitoring Station

62 Temperature data collected at Savage Harbour Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at St. Mary s Bay Mussel Monitoring Station

63 Temperature data collected at St. Peter s Bay Mussel Monitoring Station 2013 Temperature data collected at Tracadie Bay Mussel Monitoring Station

64 APPENDIX IV Mussel Steamed Information

65 Comparison of average steamed meat yields from mussels collected from 14 Mussel Monitoring Sites in 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 and Area Boughton River Brudenell River Cardigan River Covehead Bay Darnley Basin Lennox Channel March Water Murray River New London Bay Rustico Bay Savage Harbour St. Mary s Bay St. Peter s Bay Tracadie Bay

66 Comparison of average meat weight from mussels collected from 14 Mussel Monitoring Sites in Area Minimum (g) Maximum (g) Average (g) Boughton River Brudenell River Cardigan River Covehead Bay Darnley Basin Lennox Channel March Water Murray River New London Bay Rustico Bay Savage Harbour St. Mary s Bay St. Peter s Bay Tracadie Bay

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74 APPENDIX V Maps Displaying Current Known Range of Invasive Tunicates in PEI

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