JIØÍ MORAVEC 1 & RONALD L. HUBER 2 ISSN Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 100(1): , 2015

Transcription

1 ISSN Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 100(1): , 2015 Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense 13. The genus Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov., separated from the genus Pentacomia Bates (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) JIØÍ MORAVEC 1 & RONALD L. HUBER 2 1 Sadová 336/21, Adamov 1, Czech Republic; jirmor@quick.cz Jones Place West, Bloomington, Minnesota 55431, U.S.A.; huber033@umn.edu MORAVEC J. & HUBER R. L. 2015: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense 13. The genus Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov., separated from the genus Pentacomia Bates. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 100(1): Results of a thorough revision of all known taxa of Mesacanthina Rivalier, 1969, including the taxa hitherto considered to be subspecies or synonyms of Mesacanthina cribrata (Brullé, 1837), are presented. Because of its outstanding diagnostic characters, Mesacanthina, originally a subgenus of the genus Pentacomia Bates, 1872, is here elevated to a separate genus. Nine species of the genus are newly recognized here: M. cribrata (Brullé, 1837) comb.nov., M. argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878) comb.nov. and stat. restit., M. exigua (Lucas, 1857) comb.nov., M. chalceola Bates, 1872 comb.nov. and stat. restit., M. microtheres (Bates, 1872) comb.nov., M. setopronotalis (W. Horn, 1909) comb.nov. and stat.nov., M. reductesignata (Horn, 1905) comb.nov., M. punctum (Klug, 1834) comb.nov., and M. ronhuberi (Moravec, 2012) comb.nov. Lectotypes of M. cribrata, M. argentina and M. reductesignata, as well as neotypes of M. chalceola and M. microtheres are designated. Distribution and biology of these species are treated, and their predominantly sympatric occurrence in the large area of the Amazon Basin, which contradicts a subspecies status of most of these taxa, is discussed. Key to the species, as well as colour photographs of the habitus and diagnostic characters, showing also their variability, are presented. Key words. Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Odontocheilina, Mesacanthina, stat.nov., taxonomy, nomenclature, Neotropical Region. Introduction This paper is a continuation of the ongoing taxonomic revision of ten Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn, 1899 by the first author. The aim of this series of papers (see MORAVEC 2012a,b,c, 2013, 2014 and 2015, DURAN & MORAVEC 2013, MORAVEC & DURAN 2013, MORAVEC & BRZOSKA 2013, 2014a,b,c and 2015) is to publish significant taxonomic and nomenclatorial changes that will be available before the completion of the final comprehensive publication. As discussed by MORAVEC (2012a,b), the subtribe Odontocheilina is here defined exclusively for the Neotropical genera separated from the subtribe Prothymina W. Horn, 1910 sensu RIVALIER (1969, 1971), who in his broad classification included to Prothymina also Neotropical genera of Odontocheilina. RIVALIER (1969, 1971) entirely overlooked and ignored the fact that in contrast to Prothymina, many species of Odontocheilina possess setal vesture, which is one of the most important diagnostic characters. 67

2 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER In this paper, results of a complete revision of the taxa within the taxonomically highly complicated complex of taxa related to Mesacanthina cribrata (Brullé, 1837) are presented. MORAVEC (2012c) in agreement with the second author (pers. com.), mentioned that Mesacanthina with the type species Cicindela cribrata Brullé, 1837 (by original designation), originally described by RIVALIER (1969) as one of the four subgenera of the genus Pentacomia Bates, 1872, deserved status of a separate genus. The diagnostic characters, particularly the slim, remarkably long mandibles and palpi, and the labrum in both sexes with only one, prominently protruding median tooth, clearly distinguish Mesacanthina from the genus Pentacomia and its other subgenera. Consequently, Mesacanthina is here elevated to a separate genus, and as a result of the revision of the relevant type and a great number of other specimens from various localities, nine species of the genus Mesacanthina are newly recognized. Five of these species, belonging to the so called M. cribrata complex, and which were hitherto considered to be subspecies of Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata Brullé or synonyms of it, proved to be separate species distinguished mutually by a complex of diagnostic characters. Our results are partly in accordance with PEARSON, BUESTÁN & NAVARRETE (1999) who mentioned that some of the subspecies may eventually prove to be separate species. One of the important differentiating diagnostic characters which appeared to be constant in syntopic adults of the M. cribrata complex, is the setosity of the proepisterna in some of the species, in one of them also setose dorsal pronotal surface. The setal vesture was entirely overlooked or underestimated in descriptions not only by historical authors, but also by RIVALIER (1969, 1971). The species status of these nine species of Mesacanthina is also supported by their mostly sympatric occurrence in the large area of the Amazon Basin, which contradicts their subspecies status; they obviously spread along the enormous system of the numerous tributaries of the Amazon River. Two of the Mesacanthina species, M. punctum (Klug, 1834) and M. ronhuberi (Moravec, 2012), were thoroughly treated by MORAVEC (2012c); therefore only their differential diagnosis and distribution are treated here. Material and Methods Body length is measured without labrum and is the distance from the anterior margin of the clypeus to the elytral apex (including the sutural spine). The width of the pronotum includes the lateral margins of the proepisterna (as both the proepisterna and the notopleural sutures are visible from above). The width of the head is measured across the eyes, the distance between their outer margins. The term aedeagus here refers to the median lobe of the organ (without parameres). All dimensions of aedeagi are measured (and primarily figured) in their left lateral position where the basal portion (with basal orifice) points to the right and the left lateral outline (with dorsoapical orifice) faces dorsally, provided that the ventral outline of the median portion is settled in its vertical position, and the apex of the aedeagus is perfectly settled in its horizontal position. The 68

3 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. treatment and mounting of the aedeagi, in order to observe the structure of the internal sac followed the usual procedure as modified and the terms explained by MORAVEC (2002, 2010). The position of the aedeagus is very important also for the real shape of the sclerites forming the structure of the internal sac. The colour photographs of the habitus and diagnostic characters, including aedeagi, were taken by the first author with a Nikon Coolpix 990 digital camera through an MBS- 10 binocular stereo microscope. The morphological terminology is mostly adopted from Torre-Bueno dictionary (NICHOLS 1989), those describing the surface macrosculpture partly from HARRIS (1979), but many terms were proposed by MORAVEC (2002, 2007, 2010). Labels are cited in the following manner: lines on the same label are separated by slash /, separate labels are indicated by double-slash //; each specimen or a series of specimens are separated by a full stop. The colour of the label and mode of writing appear in square brackets (in type specimens only, while in other specimens the citation is mostly restricted to locality labels and using Roman numeral). Words printed in labels in full capital letters are transcribed as normal letters here (capitals are used in abbreviations only). It should be noted that a date on some labels with the name of a museum collection denotes the year in which the specimen was accessioned (donated) to the recent collection (e.g. MNHN, BMNH), mostly not the year in which it was collected. The list (catalogue) under the species name in the descriptive part is selective. It means that it gives the original name combination, as well as the first publication of all subsequent taxonomic or nomenclatorial acts concerning the taxon, and of only available names. Following abbreviations of type status are used in the descriptions and captions below the illustrations: HT = holotype; PT = paratype, AT = allotype; ST = syntype, LT = lectotype, PLT = paralectotype, NT = neotype. Abbreviations for the collections: ASUT Arizona State University, Tempe, U.S.A. BMNH The Natural History Museum London, U.K. CADW Collection Alexander Dostal, Wien (Vienna), Austria CCJM Collection Cicindelidae Jiøí Moravec, Adamov, Czech Republic CDCL Collection Charles Dheurle, Langres, France CMNH Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, U.S.A. COSJ Collection Ondøej Šafránek, Jiøetín pod Jedlovou, Czech Republic CPVP Collection Petr Votruba, Praha, Czech Republic DBCN (formerly ICDB) Insect Collection of David W. Brzoska, Naples, Florida, U.S.A. FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Department of Agriculture, Gainesville, Florida, U.S.A. IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium JWCW Collection Jürgen Wiesner, Wolfsburg, Germany; KCBC Collection Arnošt Kudrna, Èeské Budìjovice, Czech Republic; MGKC Michael G. Kippenhan Collection, Portland, Oregon, U.S.A. MFNB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany MNHN Muséum national d Histoire naturelle, Paris, France MZMB Entomology department of the Moravian Museum, Brno, Czech Republic 69

4 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER NHMK Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A. NHMW Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Vienna, Austria NMPC National Museum (Entomological Department), Prague, Czech Republic RLHC Collection Ronald L. Huber, Bloomington, Minnesota, U.S.A. SDEI Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany USNM Smithsonian Institution, Entomology, Washington DC, U.S.A. Taxonomy Genus Mesacanthina Rivalier, 1969 stat.nov. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) Rivalier, 1969: 219, 233. Type species. Cicindela cribrata Brullé, 1837 (by original designation, originally of the subgenus Mesacanthina). Differential diagnosis. All nine species of Mesacanthina are distinguished immediately from all species of the genus Pentacomia by the extremely long and slim mandibles and palpi, and the labrum with only one, prominently protruding medial tooth and with its discal portion mostly almost transverse in female, while in male is mostly semicircular to sub-triangular. By this unique shape of the labrum, this genus also differs from all species of other 11 genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina. Of the differentiating diagnostic characters which appeared to be constant in syntopic adults of six species of the M. cribrata complex, the very important are the setosity of the proepisterna in four of the species complex, combined in two of them with a reduced number of teeth in mandibles, and in one of them with also setose dorsal pronotal surface, while in two remaining species the proepisterna are entirely glabrous and their mandibles have regularly four teeth (and basal molar). Other generic characters. Body very small to small, mm long, mm wide (females mostly larger than males). Palpi very long and slender with white setae, ivory-white to ochre-testaceous with terminal palpomeres metallic-black darkened or also penultimate palpomeres are blackened. Mandibles with three or four teeth (and basal molar), or the right mandible possesses four teeth while the left has only three teeth. Apart from the unique shape of the labrum emphasized above, the labrum is 4-setose as in all other genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina (sometimes one or two of the labral setae can absent, very rarely additional fifth seta is present), ivory-white to ochre, in female of one species black. Elytra elongate, with normally rounded humeri, or the humeri (particularly in female) are slightly to more distinctly anteriad-protruding; elytral apices subacute in male, rounded in female; elytral surface rather finely to more coarsely punctate on the whole elytral length; elytral white maculation either complete, consisting of humeral macula which is either rounded and isolated, or in form of continuous or interrupted humeral lunule, long or short longitudinal-lateral band which is mesad-prolonged into either continuous, or interrupted, transverse median-discal band, and anteapical-apical lunule, or the maculation is reduced to only two isolated maculae; elytral epipleura fringed by whitish setae which are particularly long and dense on subhumeral area. Thorax with rather wide pronotum, pronotal disc either subglobose or with subparallel to 70

5 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. parallel lateral margins, its dorsal surface sculptured with extremely fine or much coarser vermicular to zigzag-wavy rugae; proepisterna, metepisterna and ventral sterna glabrous, alternatively the proepisterna partly or entirely, sparsely to densely setose, in one species also dorsal pronotal surface setose (the setae are easily abraded); female mesepisterna of a very unusual shape: dorsal part of each mesepisternum very short with the median bulge (that normally separated mesepisternum from proepisternum) placed much more dorsad; ventrad of this bulge, there is a deep crease along posterior margin adjacent to mesocoxa (suggesting that during the copulation the very long apical teeth of male mandibles reach down beyond the female mesepisterna). Abdominal ventrites either with glabrous surface and only marginal sensory setae, or the surface covered with mostly sparse and indistinct microsetae. Aedeagus in all species rather short and voluminous in middle, conically constricted towards narrow, subacute, blunt, subtruncate or truncate apex; internal sac well developed, with small upper-dorsal spikes and other sclerites, slightly or conspicuously differing in shape depending on species. Biology and distribution. Species of Mesacanthina are commonly spread in the large area of the Amazon Basin which is known for its tremendous biodiversity, but the genus also occurs in Argentina and Paraguay where three species probably spread from Bolivia. They have mostly sympatric, rarely probably also syntopic occurrence, inhabiting mostly sandy places and beaches of water streams and lakes, but also playa biotopes, on mud and grassy mud places, from lowlands up to 1800 m.a.s.l. ADIS et al. (1998) described diurnal behaviour of adults (as of M. cribrata, but according to the occurrence we suppose that in fact M. exigua) on sandy or clayey beaches and banks of the Rio Solimões Rio Amazon near Manaus, Brazil, pairs copulating at the edges of the water. These authors mentioned larvae (also diurnal), their tunnels found on clayey sediments along the beaches, with a probably developed adaptation on rapid changes in conditions of the river edges. According to ZERM & ADIS (2001b), larval tunnel opennings were found at the edges of cracks in desiccating soil. ZERM & ADIS (2001a) partly described also periods, larval development and egg development in laboratory. Remarks. LYNCH ARRIBÁLZAGA (1878) treated species of Mesacanthina in the genus Phyllodroma Lacordaire, 1843, followed by SCHILDER (1953a) who had Phyllodroma as a subgenus of Pentacomia. However, the genus Phyllodroma, with the type species (by original designation) Phyllodroma cylindricollis, based on Cicindela cylindricollis Dejean, 1825, a species which diagnostically differs from Mesacanthina as well as from all species of the genus Pentacomia (see RIVALIER 1969 and MORAVEC 2012b). Because of the unique diagnostic characters, HORN (1895) considered the species now belonging to Mesacanthina to be significantly distinguished from the genera Phyllodroma and Odontocheila (the latter in his sense partly comprised also Pentacomia). Later HORN (1899) followed by SARMIENTO (1963), treated most of the species of Mesacanthina in the genus Prepusa Chaudoir, However, Prepusa was proposed by Chaudoir (1850) as a replacement name for Eulampra Chaudoir, 1848 with type (and unique) species Cicindela miranda Chaudoir, BOUSQUET (2002) argued that the replacement name was superfluous and therefore unavailable, and that Eulampra is a valid name. Nevertheless, as the genus-group name Prepusa is long-accepted and commonly used, it 71

6 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER should be preserved. Nonetheless, the monobasic genus Prepusa diagnostically differs from Mesacanthina, as well as from all other genera of the subtribe (see also MORAVEC (2012c). Key to species of the genus Mesacanthina Note: a certain variability and evolutionary forces to allopatric speciation exist also in the six species of M. cribrata complex, but in a hundreds of specimens examined, the correlation of the characters given in the key was disrupted in only four specimens of syntopic adults and from two localities only. 1 white elytral maculation consisting of only two maculae: median-discal spot clearly distant from the outer elytral margin, and larger, mostly triangular anteapical macula white elytral maculation consisting of humeral macula which is either rounded and isolated, or in form of continuous or interrupted humeral lunule, long or short longitudinal-lateral band which is mesad-prolonged into either continuous, or interrupted, transverse median-discal band, and anteapical-apical lunule mandibles with four teeth (and basal molar); labrum in both sexes ivorywhite to yellow-whitish testaceous... M. punctum (Klug) mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar), rarely right mandible with a rudiment of fourth tooth; female labrum black M. ronhuberi (Moravec) 3 humeral macula small and rounded, longitudinal-lateral band and its transverse protrusion short... M. reductesignata (W. Horn) humeral macula in form of continuous or interrupted humeral lunule, longitudinal-lateral band long pronotal surface and proepisterna entirely glabrous; both mandibles with four teeth (and basal molar) proepisterna or also pronotal surface sparsely to densely setose pronotal disc notably wider than long, with distinctly convex lateral margins (in male rarely subparallel in middle) and extremely fine surface sculpture; elytra in female with notably anteriad-protruding humeri ( hunch-shouldered ); white elytral maculation in both sexes mostly wide and with continuous humeral lunule and median band (complete) M. cribrata (Brullé) pronotal disc with subparallel lateral margins and notably coarser surface sculpture; elytral humeri rounded (normally shaped); white elytral maculation mostly with interrupted (only rarely continuous) median band M. argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga) 72

7 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. 6 pronotal surface including proepisterna setose; pronotal disc subglobose; white elytral maculation conspicuously wide and complete ; right mandible with only three teeth... M. setopronotalis (W. Horn) pronotal surface glabrous, only proepisterna setose pronotal disc subglobose with subparallel lateral margins in middle, or lateral margins somewhat constricted posteriorly; mandibles with four teeth (and basal molar); elytral humeri in female moderately to more distinctly anteriad-protruding pronotal disc with parallel lateral margins, notably coarsely sculptured; mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar), or asymmetrically left mandible with four teeth while right mandible has only three teeth, or very rarely a rudiment of the fourth tooth; elytral humeri normally shaped; white elytral maculation mostly with interrupted median-discal band or rarely also humeral lunule interrupted... M. chalceola (Bates) 8 elytra cupreous or copper-green, in female with notably anteriad-protruding humeri ( hunch-shouldered ); white elytral maculation mostly wide and with continuous humeral lunule and median band (complete); elytral puntation rather fine... M. exigua (Lucas) elytra black, humeri in female moderately anteriad-protruding; white elytral maculation entire or with semi-interrupted median band which is usually bent posteriad; elytral punctures coarser, much more commonly anastomosing in chains... M. microtheres (Bates) Mesacanthina cribrata (Brullé, 1837) comb.nov. (Figs 1 2, 10 26) Cicindela cribrata Brullé, 1837: 9. Odontochila cribrata: FLEUTIAUX 1892: 124. Prepusa cribrata: HORN 1899: 44. Phyllodroma (Pentacomia) cribrata: SCHILDER 1953a: 545. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata: RIVALIER 1969: 233 (234, fig. 25cr, 235, fig. 26cr). Type locality. Bolivia: Moxos Province (department of Beni) sur des banes de sable Mamore. Type material. Lectotype (designated here) in SDEI labelled: Pericallia [sic!] / cribrata / Ex cab. Brulle / Thomson [tarnished, handwritten] // Bolivia / ex cab. / Thomson [handwritten] // V. de d Orb.[igny] Moxos / d Orb[igny] [tarnished, handwritten // Coll. Ehlers / V de Poll. [printed] // coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde [printed] // Syntypus [red, printed] // Lectotype / Cicindela / cribrata / Brullé, 1837 / design. Jiøí Moravec 2012 [printed]. Paralectotype. 1 [totally crushed, space filled by glue, elytra heavily damaged and glued on the fragment, only pronotum entire] in SDEI: Bolivia / Balzan 1891 [with black frame, printed] // Horn g [handwritten] // [printed] // Mus. Genua [printed] // Cicindela / cribrata / Brullé [handwritten] // Coll Fleutiaux / Bolivia / typique! [printed/handwritten] // Pentacomia c. cribrata / W. Horn Type (DEI Eberswalde) / borrowed by D. L. Pearson / 23 Oct (drawer # 158) [printed] // coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde [printed] // Syntypus [red, printed] // Revision Jiøí Moravec 2013: / Paralectotype / Cicindela / cribrata Brullé, 1837 / [printed]. Other material examined. Historical data. 1 in SDEI: Bolivia / Balzan in USNM: Rio Beni / La Paz Reyez / Bolivia / Balzan Other data. 2, 1 in CMNH: Bolivia: Beni, Moxos / Rancho 73

8 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Carmen / Rio Mamore / S, W, 125m / 2.IV.1994, R.Ward. 2, 3 in DBCN, 1 in CCJM: Bolivia: Beni / San Borja, Rio Maniqui / 30.XI.1994 Brzoska/Guerra leg.. 1 in JWCW: Bolivia, Santa Cruz / Rio Surutu / Ichio, 27.X.2002 / leg. J. Ledezma & al.. 1 in DBCN: Bolivia, Cochabamba / Puerto Villarroel / D. Brzoska 28-XI in SDEI: Coca / (Ecuad[or]) / R. Haensch S.. 1, 2 in CCJM: Ecuador / Coca 2 5.V.1994 leg. Brantlová. 1 in CMNH: Ecuador Limoncocha / 0 23 S; W / 31.III.1974, El- 300m / H. P. Stockwel. 1 in USNM: Ecuador, Napo / Lago Agrio, 48 km / W Rio Aguarico / 20.IX.1975 / leg. Langley and Cohen. 1 in CDCL, 2 in CPVP, 1 in KCBC: Peru: Madre de Dios / Tambopata River / Gollpa Lodge / 9 12.XI.1995, M. Klícha lgt.. 3, 5 in CMNH: Bolivia: La Paz, / Nor Yungas Prov. / 7km W Caranavi, / S, W // Rio Coroico / 585m / 9.VI.1994 / Robert D. Ward lgt. 1, 1 in DBCN: Bolivia Santa Cruz / 29.3 km NW San Ramon / D. Brzoska 1-I , 2 in DBCN: Bolivia Beni / Rio Mamore / (W. Trinidad) / 1-XII-1994 / Brzoska & Guerra. 5, 1 in DBCN: Peru: Madre de Dios / Manu N.P. Cocha Cashu / B.S. 360 m / S; W / D. Brzoska 17-X , 1 in USNM: Rio Manu BIOLAT Biol Sta. / Pakitza, 356 m, 22.VI.1993 / S / W / T. L. Erwin & Pfuno // At willow bar among herbs and / grasses at edge of pond formed by / drying of canal; treading mud and / beating down the grasses Lot , 1 in USNM: ibid., except for 22.VI , 1 in USNM: ibid. except for: 13.VI , 1 in USNM: ibid. except for: X.1993 / S; W. 1 in COSJ: Bolivia: Santa Cruz depart. / 60 km NW of city Sta. Cruz /Yapacani env. 25.XI.2007 / O. Šafránek lgt.. 1 in RLHC: Peru: Madre de Dios/30km SW P.Maldonado / 13.III (beach forest) / D.L.Pearson. 1 in RLHC: ibid., except for: 12 XI.1979 (playa trail). 1 in RLHC: ibid., except for: 31.X in RLHC: Ecuador: Sucumbios / 65km E Coca (Sucha Lodge) / 26.III.1996 (290m) /D.L. Pearson. 1, 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: Pando / Manuripi (164m) / 16.X.1991 / F. Guerra. 1 in CCJM: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / Rio Grande/Pailas / D.Brzoska 30-XI in CCJM: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / Río Surutu 3 km SE / Buena Vista 325 m / D. Brzoska 24-XI , 1 in DBCN: Bolivia Santa Cruz / Río Yapacani 4.5 km S / Camino Cochabamba / 350 m, 25-XI-1995 / David Brzoska. Redescription. Body (Figs 1 2) extremely small to small (females larger than males), (LT 7.10) mm long, (LT 2.50) mm wide. Head (Figs 10 11) with very large eyes, but notably narrower than body, mm wide. Frons glabrous, sloping towards clypeus and clearly separated from it, confluent with vertex, almost flat or moderately convex, dark or bright cupreous, usually with golden-bronze and green iridescence, extremely finely longitudinally parallel-striate to the fineness that the striae are on antero-median area hardly recognizable and the surface appears asperate; the extremely fine sculpture passes fluently onto vertex; supra-antennal plates irregularly elongate-triangular, smooth, but inner margins usually merging with the surface sculpture, shiny iridescent-green or golden-bronze to reddish-cupreous. Vertex variably coloured, nearly black-copper with strong or faint green, bronze or reddish-cupreous lustre, or more vividly cupreous to bronze-cupreous, often with almost black juxtaorbital areas, almost flat in middle, glabrous; surface of anteromedian area extremely finely and densely longitudinally parallel-striate, striae in middle often vermicular, forming an arcuate ornament; striae on sublateral areas and passing onto temples are more distinct and parallel than very fine parallel striae on orbital areas; occipital area finely and irregularly wavy-rugulose to asperate. Genae glabrous, metallic cupreous or black-copper with strong or faint greenish and bronze lustre, finely and densely parallel-striate. Clypeus glabrous, bright cupreous, usually with green and bronze iridescence, finely and irregularly rugulose. 74

9 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Labrum 4-setose, in both sexes uniformly coloured, ivory-white, or yellow to ochretestaceous (tarnished in old specimens), except for brown-darkened median tooth, with rounded to nearly-angular basolateral margins and effaced lateral teeth, but with long, conspicuously projecting median tooth which is in both sexes rather thin, subacute or acute; male labrum (Fig. 13) mm long, mm wide, its discal portion mostly almost semicircular; female labrum (Fig. 14) mm long, mm wide, its discal portion usually more distinctly transverse. Mandibles (Figs ) with extremely long and slim terminal teeth, particularly in female, with arcuate lateral margins, subsymmetrical, each mandible in both sexes with four teeth (and basal molar), inner teeth becoming smaller towards the basal molar; in some (also syntopic) males the fourth tooth can be placed tightly near the third; coloration metallic cupreous with green and reddish iridescence, teeth darkened, terminal teeth often almost black; lateral areas ivory-white to ochre, the pale coloration usually more extended in male. Palpi (Figs 10 11) very long and slim; both maxillary and labial palpi notably elongate, ivory white to ochre, their terminal palpomeres brown-darkened to black, often with green lustre, moderately and gradually dilated towards their apices; penultimate (longest) palpomere of labial palpi very slender (width up to 0.1 mm). Antennae rather long, in male reaching elytral half, in female shorter, rather variably coloured: antennomeres 1 4 metallic black-brown to black-copper with strong greenish, or reddish lustre, antennomeres 5 11 black, or black-brown and progressively smokydarkened; scape with one white apical seta, pedicel glabrous; each of the antennomeres 3 and 4 with several microsetae and 2 3 longer setae on their apices. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 15 16) glabrous, always wider than long, mm long, mm wide (including proepisternal margins), sulci well pronounced (anterior sulcus only laterally); anterior lobe slightly wider than the posterior, but narrower than disc, its anterior margin in middle often prolonged anteriad, densely irregularly rugulose; disc notably wider than long, subglobose, lateral margins (including notopleural sutures which are clearly obvious from above) convex, rarely subparallel in middle; medial line narrow but distinct; discal surface sculpture very fine and dense, asperate to consisting of very irregular, mostly vermicular to zigzag-wavy rugae, on anterior and posterior areas passing to more parallel striae which converge irregularly towards the median line; shallow rugae on lateral areas usually slightly surpass notopleural sutures; posterior lobe more distinctly and irregularly rugulose, or mostly transversely rugose, dorsolateral bulges moderate, or only slightly raised; all ventral and lateral sterna including proepisterna glabrous and smooth, metallic black-green to greenblue with golden-bronze to reddish-cupreous lustre, or predominantly cupreous; mesepisterna of a very unusual shape: female mesepisternal coupling sulci in the form of a deep crease along posterior margin adjacent to mesocoxa (see also in the generic redescription above) Elytra (Figs 17 20) elongate, length mm, with arcuate humeri which are in male indistinctly, in female notably anteriorly protruding ( hunch-shouldered ); lateral margins in male subparallel, in female moderately dilated in middle, anteapical angles 75

10 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER arcuate, then running obliquely towards apices which are towards small sutural spine subacute in male, rounded, in female; sutural spine small but distinct, usually much smaller in female; microserrulation fine but distinct and often irregular; elytral dorsal surface moderately convex, particularly so on posterior half of elytral disc, humeral impressions distinct, deeper in female, basodiscal convexity moderate or rather distinct, discal impression rather deep, anteapical impressions rather distinct and therefore the anteapical margins appear moderately bulged; elytral coloration dark cupreous with greenish lustre, or dark olivaceous-green, rarely more vividly cupreous; whole elytral surface rather finely punctate, punctures mostly isolated, much larger on anterior and subhumeral areas, on basodiscal convexity and particularly within the discal impression where the larger punctures are often anastomosing in chains, sometimes forming cavernous sculpture, becoming much finer towards posterior area of disc and on lateral areas, but commonly anastomosing in the area adjacent to suture, while punctures on the anteapical and apical areas become much finer, denser and irregular; elytral surface glabrous except for the usual few long, often indistinct, hair-like sensory setae scattered mostly on basal area, and with densely clustered white setae on lateral area of each epipleuron, longest and densest on the subhumeral area of the epipleuron (these setae are only partly visible from above); epipleura in lateral view rather wide, ivory to testaceous; white elytral maculation in both sexes mostly wide and complete, consisting of continuous humeral lunule, longitudinal-elongate lateral band mesad-prolonged into transverse median-discal band which is often dilated on elytral disc, and continuous anteapical-apical lunule reaching suture, and rarely connected with the longitudinal lateral band by a thin stripe. Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae brownish-testaceous with greenish or bronze lustre, rather densely setose; metacoxae metallic black-green with only lateral areas densely setose; trochanters glabrous, yellow to ochre-testaceous; femora brownish with indistinct, paler subapical belt, their dorsal area often black-brown with greenish or cupreous lustre, ventral area paler, ochre-testaceous to brownish-testaceous, sometimes the pale coloration extended almost on whole femora; femoral surface densely covered with rows of white, mostly erect and rather long setae which are much sparser on metafemora; tibiae brown or black-brown with green lustre which is more intense on tibial apices, covered with scattered whitish setae and white and brownish thorn-like setae; apical-ventral third of pro- and mesotibiae with usual, dense, whitish to greyish setose pad; tarsi metallic green, mahogany or purple, tarsomeres of metatarsi often dark testaceous with metallic apices; first three tarsomeres of protarsi in male rather distinctly dilated and with usual whitish setose pad. Ventrites shiny metallic black with strong, chatoyant-green, bronze or purple lustre, last ventrite usually partly ochre-testaceous; surface of ventrites glabrous except for the usual, but quite copious, hair-like sensory setae at posterior margins of ventrites, only rarely very few indistinct and barely visible microsetae occur also on the ventrite surface. Aedeagus (Figs 21 25) mm long, 0.40 mm wide, widest above the middle, apical part conically attenuated towards narrow, rounded or obtuse apex; internal sac (Figs 24 25) well developed, containing basodorsal spur with rounded base and thin 76

11 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. projection, small, irregularly-shaped stiffening rib, barely definite central pieces as surrounded with a membrane, one of them rather voluminous piece constricted in middle and with rounded apex, conspicuously curved central-dorsal piece with spiny apex turned dorsad, and dorsal-upper spine. Variability. Only that mentioned in the redescription above. Differential diagnosis. This type species of the genus is immediately recognizable by the complete pattern of the rather wide, white elytral maculation combined with mandibles with constantly four teeth (and basal molar), proepisterna entirely glabrous, and elytral humeri in female anteriad-protruding (less distinctly also in male). The same shape of the mandibles, elytra and elytral maculation is shared with M. exigua, which, however, principally differs in having setose proepisterna. The four-toothed mandibles and entirely glabrous proepisterna as in M. cribrata are also possessed by M. argentina, which however externally differs in having generally much larger, mostly vividly cupreous body (but this coloration varies, particularly in Bolivian specimens), pronotum with subparallel to parallel lateral margins and notably coarser surface sculpture, and female elytra have normally shaped humeri. Moreover, the elytra of M. argentina have mostly the transverse median-discal band interrupted into a separate discal macula, but this shape is variable (see under that species below). M. chalceola which has a sympatric occurrence, differs not only in having setose proepisterna (the setae can be easily abraded), but it can be immediately distinguished by its very different shape and surface sculpture of the pronotum, as well as by three-toothed mandibles (at least the left mandible). Biology and distribution. M. cribrata, originally described from Bolivia, is according to the results of this revision partly sympatric with other species which were hitherto considered its subspecies or synonyms. In the areas of the type locality in the province of Moxos, Beni department, where the type specimens were caught on the sand beaches of Rio Mamoré, this species was caught also recently on the banks of the Mamore river and other places. It appears that in its localities in the Beni department it is only very rarely sympatric with other species of the M. cribrata complex. In the same department, as well as in the department of La Paz, but in different areas, only M. chalceola occurs. M. cribrata is common in the Peruvian province of Madre de Dios, which includes Pakitza on the Manu River, a part of the large area of the Manú National Park, predominantly a part of the Southwest Amazon moist rainforest of unique biodiversity preserved thanks to its inaccessibility. From Pakiza it also was reported by PEARSON & HUBER (1995). However, in the area of the Tambopata River of the same province of Madre de Dios, it is sympatric with M. chalceola, but probably the adults are not syntopic, because adults of M. cribrata were taken in the same day in a playa trail, while M. chalceola in beach forest (although in another places M. cribrata also inhabits playa biotopes and a syntopic occurrence of these immediately distinguishable species is possible). In the neighbouring Bolivian departments of Santa Cruz and Cochabamba, as well as in the Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazonia, also other species occur. Reports in literature from Colombia belong in fact to M. chalceola and M. exigua. 77

12 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Remarks. The original description (BRULLÉ 1837) in his Voyage dans l Amérique méridional 6, in Insectes de l Amérique méridionale recueillis par Alcide d Orbigny, was based on both sexes and obviously on more specimens. It is therefore interesting that no syntype was found in the MNHN collection. The male syntype deposited in SDEI is heavily damaged (see in the Type material above) so the only other genuine type specimen, the female in SDEI from the type locality Moxos and by Alcide d Orbigni is here designated as the lectotype (Fig. 26 shows two of the original labels). HORN (1899) and SARMIENTO (1963) treated this species as Prepusa cribrata (see Remarks under the generic description above). Mesacanthina argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878) comb.nov. et stat. restit. (Figs 3, 27 49) Phyllodroma argentina Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878: 309 Odontochila argentina: FLEUTIAUX 1892: 121. Prepusa cribrata argentina: HORN 1899: 44. Cicindela cribrata argentina: BRUCH 1911: 149. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata argentina: RIVALIER 1969: 233. Type locality. Argentina: Salta. Type material. Lectotype (designated here) in SDEI, labelled: Lynch Arribalzaga / ex coll. Holmberg [handwritten] / Phillodroma /Argentina / E. Lynch Arr. / Cat. n 8 [handwritten] / Type! / Dr. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde [printed] // coll. W. Horn, DEI Eberswalde [printed] // f. argentina / Fn Arribg. [additional label by W. Horn, greenish with black frame, handwritten] // Lectotype / Phyllodroma / argentina / Lynch Arribálzaga, 1878 / design. Jiøí Moravec 2014 [red, printed]. Note: the female lectotype is in rather bad shape (see more in the redescription). Other material examined. Historical data. 1 in SDEI: Bolivia / Balzan Other data. 1, 1 in NHMW: Argentina / Salta, XII.1971 / dept. San Martin / Tartagal. 1 in MNHN: Salta / Argentine I.57 [other label data illegible]. 1 in MFNB: Argentina / Prov. Salta. 1 in JWCW: Argentina, Salta, Dto. / Orán, Angosto del Parani, / 1700/1800m, 28.X.1994, / J. Carreras leg.. 1 in JWCW: Argentina, Salta, / Rio Blanco, Orán, / II in JWCW: Argentina / Salta, Angosto / Rio Parani, / 20.X in JWCW: Argentina, 1.75 / Salta, Pocitos. 1 in JWCW: Argentina / Salta, / Pichonol. 3 in JWCW: Argentina / Salta, 2.79 / Senda Hachada. 2 in JWCW: Argentina, 700 m, / Salta, Aquas Blancas, Orán, / Salta, 17.XII.1958, / EO. Vollenweider leg.. 1 in ASUT: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / 18 km SE Samaipata, La Cueva / S; W, 1326 m / 17.XII.1996, D. L. Pearson // Diurnal sandy / river beach. 1 in RLHC: Argentina: Prov. Salta / Metan, Rio Blanca / 30 Jan 1972 / J.C. Schultz. 1 in RLHC: Tucuman / II.1950 Argentina. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: Chuquisaca / Tomina, Rio Acera / 9.V.1990 / F. Guerra. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: Chuquisaca / Tomina, Tiu Mayu / 8,V.1990 / F. Guerra. 1, 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: Chuquisaca / 15km N Candua / 11.V.1990 / F. Guerra. 3, 3 in DBCN: Bolivia Santa Cruz / 16.8 km S Abapo / D. Brzoska 23-XII in JWCW: Bolivia Dto Tarija / Croquava Abra / San / Miguel, m / 15.XII.1994, J. Carreas. 3, 1 in RLHC, 16, 8 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / Tarija, La Barrancas /, 18-I-1995 (1886m) / D. L. Pearson. 16, 8 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / Tarija, Villa Avaroa / 29.XII.1994 (1780m) / F. Guerra. 1 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / 3 km N Enborozu / 7.I.1995 / F. Guerra // Diurnal sandy / river beach. 4, 2 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / 15 km N Villamontes / 15.I.1996 (600 m) / D. L. Pearson. 1 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / Tarija, 1860 m / 9.I.1995 / D. L. Pearson. 1 in ASUT: Bolivia: Tarija / 15 km W Cañadas / 17.I.1995 (910 m) / D. L. Pearson. 1, 1 in ASUT: Bolivia: Chuquisaca / 3km S Camatindi / 16.I.1995 (500m) / D. L. Pearson. 4, 1 in DBCN: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / 9 km W Mairana / Rio Mairana / D. Brzoska 26-XII , 2 in JWCW: Bolivia / Buena Vista, 400 m, S, W / leg. U. Roosileht. Recent data. 2, 2 in JWCW: Bolivia, Depto Tarija / Prov. Gran Chaco / Pocitos / 18.IV.2003, leg. J. Ledezma. 1, 1 in JWCW: 78

13 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Bolivia, Santa Cruz / Andrés Ibanez, Quebrada / Cafe, 30.III.2002/ leg. Gutierrez et al.. 1, 1 in JWCW: Argentina Prov. Salta Rio / del Valle c/o Lajita, 24 42,218 S / 64 11,345 W 450 m / 15.XII.2010 / leg Aligi Bandielli. 6, 3 in COSJ: Bolivia: Santa Cruz depart. / Espejillos, 20 km SW from city / S.Cruz, 3.XII.2013, creek gorge / S ; W , 558 m / O. Šafránek et M. Amaya lgt.. 1, 1 in DBCN: Bolivia Santa Cruz / 1.8 km W Aqua Clara / Rio Aqua Clara / D. Brzoska 26-XI , 3 in ASUT: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / 20 km N Tarumá (960m) / 18 6 S;63 32 W / 8.III.1996, I.Garcia, 1, 2 in ASUT: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / 5 km N Mamora / 7.I.1995 F. Guerra. Redescription. Body (Fig. 3) small but largest within the M. cribrata complex, mm long, mm wide (females larger than males). Head (Fig. 35) markedly narrower than body, mm wide. Frons as in M. cribrata, but much more distinctly longitudinally parallel-striate. Vertex as in M. cribrata, but the surface sculpture coarser, consisting of much deeper striae; posterior and occipital area covered with irregular, vermicular to zigzag-wavy rugae divergent when passing onto temples. Clypeus and genae as in M. cribrata. Labrum as in M. cribrata (within usual variability of the shape), male labrum (Fig ) mm long, mm wide, usually with its discal portion almost semicircular and longer than in female; female labrum (Figs 37 38) usually with its discal part more transverse (but the shape in both sexes varies), with the same shape of the only median tooth, mm long, mm wide (the labrum of the lectotype is deformed, either anomalously developed, or partly eaten by dermestids). Mandibles (Figs 32 34) as in M. cribrata, but their median area mostly more reddish-cupreous or mahogany, rarely metallic-green, and the terminal teeth slightly shorter (the left mandible of the lectotype is deformed, either anomalously developed, or partly eaten by dermestids (its right mandible Fig. 33). Palpi as in M. cribrata (within usual variability of their shape, and tint of coloration), maxillary palpi (Figs 32, 34). Antennae as in M. cribrata (within usual variability of coloration), but the scape (Fig. 39), apart from the apical seta, has sometimes also 1 2 discal setae (which can be easily abraded). Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 47 48) glabrous, as long as wide, or slightly longer, mm long, mm wide (including proepisternal margins), sulci well pronounced; anterior lobe only slightly wider than the posterior and slightly narrower than disc, its anterior margin in middle often prolonged anteriad, rather coarsely and irregularly rugulose; disc wider than long, but its lateral margins including rather distinct notopleural sutures are in male notably parallel, in female subparallel, usually moderately convex and parallel in middle (the notopleural sutures are running almost in the same line as the outer margins of the proepisterna); medial line narrow but distinct; discal surface sculpture (Fig. 49) much coarser than in M. cribrata, consisting of irregular, mostly zigzag-wavy rugae; more parallel stria-like rugae converging irregularly towards the median line on anterior area; usually more transverse rugae on lateral areas slightly surpassing notopleural sutures; posterior lobe distinctly and very irregularly rugulose; dorsolateral bulges large, moderately to rather distinctly raised; all ventral and lateral sterna including proepisterna entirely glabrous and smooth, metallic black-green to 79

14 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER green-blue with strong reddish-cupreous or golden-bronze lustre; mesepisterna and female mesepisternal coupling sulci of the very unusual shape as in M. cribrata. Elytra (Figs 40 46) elongate, length mm, with normally shaped, arcuate humeri (never notably anteriorly protruding); lateral margins in both sexes parallel, rarely in female slightly dilated in middle, anteapical angles arcuate, then running obliquely towards apices which are towards small sutural spine in both sexes rounded (rarely in male, subacute) and not or only very indistinctly emarginated towards indistinct sutural spine; microserrulation very fine and often irregular; elytral dorsal surface moderately convex, humeral impressions rather wide and shallow, and therefore together with mostly shallow discal impression indistinctly delimiting rather distinct basodiscal convexity; elytral coloration variably dark cupreous with greenish lustre, or partly dark olivaceousgreen (also in LT), but more commonly reddish-cupreous, rarely deep-green; whole elytral surface punctate as in M. cribrata, but the punctures are generally somewhat larger, particularly on anterior area, on basodiscal convexity and within the discal impression where they are often irregularly anastomosing in chains, sometimes forming cavernous sculpture there; elytral surface glabrous except for the usual, few and often indistinct long hair-like sensory setae scattered mostly on basal area, and with sparsely clustered, rather long white setae on lateral area of each epipleuron (the setae are somewhat shorter than in M. cribrata and usually barely visible from above); white elytral maculation in both sexes consisting of mostly continuous humeral lunule, longitudinal-elongate lateral band which is dilated posteriorly and anteriorly, only rarely prolonged into continuous transverse median-discal band, but much more commonly interrupted, forming thus isolated macula on elytral disc; anteapical-apical lunule is continuous reaching suture, but always markedly distant from the posterior end of the longitudinal lateral band. Legs. All segments of legs rather variably coloured as in M. cribrata, but ventral area of femora more commonly pale ochre-testaceous to mahogany-testaceous, and this coloration is more commonly extended almost on whole femora, and also tibiae are often paler; setosity as in M. cribrata. Abdomen. Ventrites with entirely glabrous surface (except for the usual, but quite copious, hair-like sensory setae at posterior margins of ventrites), coloration as in M. cribrata, but mostly with prevailing reddish-cupreous lustre. Aedeagus (Figs 27 31) shaped as in M. cribrata and with similar variability, mm long, 0.40 mm wide, widest above the middle; internal sac (Fig. 21) distinct, containing basodorsal spur with rounded base and thin projection; small, irregularly-shaped stiffening rib, small. elongate basal-central piece, large central tooth with wide base, dorsal tear-shaped piece, two dorsal-upper spines and one ventral-upper spine (which is absent in all other species except for M. chalceola of which the other sclerites, however, considerably differ). Variability. As mentioned in the redescription, the coloration varies. While the specimens from Argentina are mostly with prevailing reddish-cupreous coloration on dorsal body surface and mandibles, some adults of the population from Rio Mairana and Pocitos in Bolivia are bright-greenish to deep-green coloured, and their elytral whitish 80

15 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. median-discal band is variably interrupted or continuous. Antennae in Argentinean adults have sometimes the antennomeres 1 4 more reddish-cupreous tinged; apart from the usual apical seta, the antennal scape, has sometimes 1 2 additional (discal) setae (which can be abraded in most specimens, particularly by mounting treatment). Differential diagnosis. M. argentina shares the four-toothed mandibles and entirely glabrous proepisterna with M. cribrata, but it can be distinguished by its parallel-side (in female subparallel) pronotal disc with notably coarser sculpture on dorsal pronotal surface, and normally shaped, rounded elytral humeri; the transverse median-discal band of whitish elytral maculation is mostly interrupted, forming thus a separate discal macula, but this shape is rather variable, and also the size and coloration of the generally much larger and mostly vividly cupreous body vary. In addition, the setae arising from the lateral margin of the epipleura are somewhat shorter and sparser than in M. cribrata, and the internal sac of the aedeagus contains sclerites which considerably differ from those in M. cribrata. The white elytral maculation with interrupted median-discal band is very similar to that in M. chalceola which principally differs in having its proepisterna setose, and mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar) or the mandibles are asymmetrically with three teeth only in right mandible. It should be mentioned that of the hundreds of examined specimens including syntopic adults, two of nine specimens (COSJ) from Espejillos near the city of Santa Cruz, possess partly setose proepisterna, while the other characters correspond with M. argentina. Nevertheless, the locality, a gorge with clayey sediments and sandy places of a dry rivulet bed is very long, and as M. chalceola also occurs in the same area, a possible hybridization or evolutionary forces should be taken into consideration; notwithstanding, we believe that such minor exceptions in only few specimens cannot disrupt the species concept. Biology and distribution. The most specimens of M. argentina come from the area of the type locality Salta in Argentina, but this species is also common in Bolivian departments of Tarija, Gran Chaco, Chuquisaca, rarely Santa Cruz. From the Argentinean provinces of Salta, San Juan and Misiones it was recently reported by WIESNER & BANDINELLI (2014) with a map of the distribution in Argentina; some of the specimens have been examined and are listed here. We were unable to examine most of the numerous specimens listed from Bolivia by PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999) as M. cribrata and M. chalceola, but they obviously cover several species; for instance examined specimens from Rio Mairana (Santa Cruz department), as well as the records by these authors from the Bolivian department of Tarija, listed as M. chalceola, proved to be in fact M. argentina. Remarks. The amazingly detailed description of this species by LYNCH ARRIBÁLZAGA (1878) under the name Phyllodroma argentina, was based on two males and one female collected by Eduardo L. Holmberg. Unfortunately, the only preserved genuine syntype of this species is the female from the collection of Holmberg, now deposited in SDEI and designated here as the lectotype. As the lectotype is in a bad shape and its left mandible 81

16 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER and labrum deformed (anomalously developed or eaten by dermestids), only its elytron and right mandible are illustrated here. Together with curators and personally we searched in other collections, but without a success. According to Axel O. Bachmann (pers. com) Holmberg loaned the type specimens to Lynch Arribálzaga for the description, and they were apparently returned to Holmberg, whose collection (chiefly Hymenoptera) was totally destroyed by dermestids after the death of Holmberg. The remains were deposited in the collection of Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales (Buenos Aires). According to Axel O. Bachmann (pers. com), who searched in this Argentinean museum collection where old collections of Argentina including of Lynch Arribálzaga and probably Holmberg are deposited, there is no type specimen of this species. SCHILDER (1953b), probably due to the similar pattern of white elytral maculation, synonymized this taxon with M. chalceola (as Cicindela cribrata chalceola ), and the synonymy was followed by GUERRA et al. (1997), WIESNER (1992), LORENZ (1998a,b, 2005a,b) and ERWIN & PEARSON (2008). SARMIENTO (1963), who did not examine type specimens of the M. cribrata complex, and based his examination mostly on Argentinean specimens, inappropriately synonymized M. argentina with M. cribrata (as Prepusa), and treated as synonyms also other taxa of this complex (except for M. reductesignata). He superfluously transferred M. cribrata and M. reductesignata (spelled by him as reductisignata to the genus Prepusa as he overlooked that M. cribrata (as Cicindela) was previously transferred to Prepusa by HORN (1899) regarding the genus-group name Prepusa, see Remarks under the generic description here. Moreover, the redescription of Prepusa cribrata by SARMIENTO (1963) obviously covered also the taxa treated here as separate species; his rather schematic illustration of the internal sac of the aedeagus refers to M. argentina, which, as a result of our revision, differs from M. chalceola in the complex of here emphasized diagnostic characters. It should be noted that the scholastic line drawings of labra and aedeagi allegedly for M. cribrata and M. argentina by MANDL (1958) are rather inaccurate and does not reflect the variability. Mesacanthina exigua (Lucas, 1857) comb.nov. (Figs 4 5, 50 66) Peridexia exigua Lucas, 1857: 32 Odontochila exigua: HORN 1892: 212. Odontochila exigua: FLEUTIAUX 1892: 124. (as synonym of Odontochila cribrata). Type locality. Minas Gerais (see Remarks) Type material. Syntype in MNHN (probably lost see Remarks below), labelled: Museum Paris / Brésil / de Castelnau 1847 [with black frame, printed/handwritten] // plain-green circled label with handwritten: 9/47 on its opposite side // Cicindela exigua / Lucas [handwritten]. Possible syntypes in MNHN: 1 labelled: Museum Paris / Ht. Amazone / de Castelnau 1847 [printed/handwritten] // Revision Jiøí Moravec 2015: / probably syntype / Peridexia / exigua Lucas, 1857 [red, printed]. 2, 1 in MNHN: Museum Paris / Ht. Amazone / Pebas / de Castelnau 1847 All with plain-green circled label with handwritten: 9/47 on its opposite side and: Mesacanthina / exigua (Lucas, 1857) / det. Jiøí Moravec 2015 [printed] 82

17 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Other material examined. Historical data. 1, 1 in MNHN: Ht. Amazone / Ex Museo / H.W. Bates / in IRSNB: Teffé (Ega) / Amazones / M.D. Mathan / 3e Trimestre Other data. 1 in SDEI: Rio Madeira / Brazil / Mann & Baker. 1 in SDEI: Peru / W. Schnuse / 28.XI in SDEI: Prov. del Sara / Cent. Bolivia / 450m, X.1909 / J. Steinbach // C. M. Acc 4552 // Carneg. / Mus.. 1 in MFNB: Bolivia. 1 in SDEI: Staudinger[leg.] / Teffe. 2, 1 in DBCN: Peru: Junin, 950 m / Villa Rica Rd / Puente Camaron / S, W / D. Brzoska 15-X in DBCN, 4 2 in CCJM: Peru: Junin, 840 m /La Merced Satipo Rd / km 29 Rio Perene / (E-S Ana) / S, W / D. Brzoska , 2 in DBCN: Peru Loreto / Rio Tapiche Golicia / S, W / D. Brzoska 2-I in DBCN: Peru Loreto / jct. Tapiche & Janayacu R. / S, W / D. Brzoska 31-XII in DBCN: Ecuador: Morona / Santiago / Pt. Morona R. Morona / S; W / D. Brzoska 24-X , 2 in DBCN: Ecuador Mor. Sant. / Puerto Morona / D. Brzoska 18-IX , 1 in CMNH: Ecuador: Pastaza, 300m / Rio Morona, betw. Rio / Cucuimi & Macuma / 3 4.VII.1971, B. Malkin // at light. 1, 1 in CCJM: Colombia: Leticia / Rio Amazonas / 30.X.1995, leg. Mráèek. 1 in RLHC: Peru: Cuzco / Camiseo / 18.VII.1968 / D.L. Pearson. 1 in MGKC: Peru: Loreto, 20 km from / Ucayali on R. Calleria, / Colonia Calleria, / X-I to X-5, 1961, B. Malkin leg.. Redescription. Body (Figs 4 5) appearance as in C. cribrata, but generally somewhat smaller and coloration more often dark copper, (ST 6.20, the lost ST 6.90) mm long, (ST 2.10, the lost ST 2.30) mm wide. Head (Figs 55 56) with frons, vertex, genae and clypeus as in M.. cribrata. Labrum as in M. cribrata, but generally smaller; male labrum (Figs 58 59) with almost semicircular discal part, mm long, mm wide; female labrum (Figs 60 61) more transverse, mm long, mm wide. Mandibles (Figs 55 57) shaped as in M. cribrata, with four teeth in both mandibles; terminal teeth slender and extremely long, particularly in female. Palpi (Figs 55 57) as in M. cribrata. Antennae as in M. cribrata, but antennomeres 1 4 generally darker, usually dark reddish-brown to almost black with green lustre on scape and pedicel, and greenish, mahogany or purple lustre on antennomeres 3 4. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 53 54) dorsally glabrous, wider than long (particularly in female), mm long, mm wide, with the same, mostly subglobose shape and extremely fine surface sculpture of disc as in M. cribrata, but more often in female the convex lateral margins are subparallel in middle; ventral and lateral sterna as in M. cribrata, but proepisterna setose (setae can be easily abraded). Elytra (Figs 50 52) shaped as in M. cribrata, but predominantly dark copper, and elytral apices in male more often subacute towards more distinct sutural spine, in female rounded; elytral length mm. Legs as in M. cribrata with similar variability in coloration. Abdomen as in M. cribrata, but surface of ventrites with more copious, indistinct microsetae (visible only in a certain angle of illumination, and easily abraded). Aedeagus (Figs 62 66) of similar shape and size as in M. cribrata, but the apical half attenuated to narrower apex, but this shape is very variable; internal sac (Figs 65 66) with much longer dorsal-upper spine than in other species, and also the other sclerites differ; the basal piece is not with a filiform projection, but it is obvious that there are two separated pieces. 83

18 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Variability. Of the variability mentioned in the redescription, the variability of the apex of the aedeagi is very unusual, and possibly another cryptic species can be recognized within the M. cribrata species complex. Differential diagnosis. By its external characters, particularly the constantly fourtoothed mandibles, wide pronotum with fine sculpture on dorsal surface, elytra with complete white maculation and anteriad-protruding humeri in female, M. exigua is superficially very similar to M.. cribrata, but principally differs in having setose proepisterna; moreover, the dorsal body surface is generally darker, and antennal scape and pedicel are almost metallic black (with strong green lustre). M. exigua shares the complete white elytral maculation, wide pronotal disc and setose proepisterna with M. setopronotalis which clearly differs in having dorsal pronotal surface setose and mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar). M. chalceola which also possesses setose proepisterna, can be immediately distinguished from M. exigua by its narrower, parallel-side pronotum, mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar), or asymmetrically the left mandible with four teeth, while the right mandible has only three teeth (very rarely also a rudiment of the fourth tooth); moreover, elytral humeri in M. chalceola are normally shaped in both sexes, and white elytral maculation is mostly with interrupted median-discal band. Biology and distribution. Distributed in a large area of the Amazon Basin in Peru, Ecuador and Bolivia; only a few specimens have been examined from Colombian and Brazil Amazonia. For the type locality see Remarks below. Remarks. LUCAS (1857) did not write how many specimens he used for his description, but in his original description of Cicindela exigua he probably made a mistake when he stated the type locality as Minas Gerais. We doubt that there is the occurrence of this species as Minas Gerais is near the eastern coast of Brazil, not in the true Amazonia, and no specimen from the area was examined by us during the present revision. Years ago, the second author examined a female syntype of M. exigua, rather ambiguously labelled Bresil (not originally labelled as type ) borrowed from MNHN, and he made a detailed redescription of the female in his personal notebook. Unfortunately, this type specimen has not been found recently by the first author or by the curator in the General collection of MNHN. The first author have examined three possibly syntypes of M. exigua deposited in MNHN, one of them, the male labelled: Museum Paris / Ht, Amazone / de Castelnau 1847 can be more probably a syntype and can be designated as a lectotype, but meanwhile we keep it as a syntype. The other male and female in MNHN have the printed labels Museum Paris / Ht, Amazone / Pebas / de Castelnau 1847, and they also have the same plain-green circled label with 9/47 on its opposite side, as the male syntype, as well as the female examined by the second author, and evidently come from the same journey l Amérique du Sud realized in 1847 by Laporte de Castelnau, and the gained material examined by LUCAS (1857). After we have compared the unpublished detailed redescription by the second author of the possibly lost female syntype to these possibly syntypes, we believe that all come from the same locality despite different labels. All were originally pinned and later glued by somebody on the same papered boards. Although the Pebas written on the labels lies in Peruvian 84

19 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Amazonia and not in Brazil, the female from Pebas is identical with the redescription of the lost female syntype labelled Bresil ; it has the same elytra including the complete elytral maculation, as well as the shape of the labrum and pronotum and the setose proepisterna, although most of the setae are abraded by the above mentioned re-mounting of the specimens. Alternatively, only the probably lost female with the label Brazil examined by the second author can be the genuine type, and all others, although coming from the same journey by Castelnau, were not examined by Lucas when he described this species. If so, they cannot be syntypes. Nevertheless, as all taxa described by LUCAS (1857) come from the journey l Amérique du Sud by Laporte de Castelnau, realized in 1847, and most of them were described by Lucas from the Mision Sarayacu in Peruvian Amazon (Pebas lies in the same area on the Ucayali River in the Upper Amazonia in the Peruvian province of Loreto), we believe that the Minas Gerais in the original description was an error, as it was also the possibly additionally attached label Brazil to the possibly lost female. Mesacanthina microtheres (Bates, 1872) comb.nov. (Figs 6, 67 79) Cicindela microtheres Bates, 1872: 265 Odontochila microtheres: FLEUTIAUX 1892: 124. Prepusa microtheres: HORN 1899: 44. Cicindela microtheres: HORN 1915: 401 (as synonym of Cicindela cribrata). Phyllodroma (Pentacomia) microtheres SCHILDER 1953a: 545. Type locality. Ecuador: Macas district. Type material. Not found, obviously lost. Neotype (designated here) in BMNH, labelled: Ecuador, Morona / Santiago, Macas / (Rio Upano), 1, 000 m / 18.V.1981 / M. Cooper [handwritten] // M. Cooper / BMNH {E} / [printed] // Pentacomia / (Mesacanthina) / c. cribrata (Brullé, 1837) / F. Cassola det [printed] // Neotype / Cicindela / microtheres Bates, 1872 / design. Moravec & Huber, 2015 [red, printed]. Other material examined. 1 in BMNH with same labels as lectotype. 21, 9 in DBCN, 4, 1 in CCJM, 3, 1 in CMNH: Ecuador Morona- / Santiago, Puyo Macas / Rd. 1040m Río Upano / (E Macas) / (sandy flood plain) / D. Brzoska 24-IX , 1 in CCJM: Ecuador: Pastaza / Puyo Macas / Rd., 775m / Rio Pastaza / (sand flood plain) / D. Brzoska 26-IX , 1 in DBCN: Ecuador Morona-Santiago / El Consuelo (km 23) / Rio Pastaza / along Puyo- Macas Rd / 24-IX , 7 in DBCN: Ecuador: Morona Santiago / Rio Upano, 3220 ft. near Macas / D. Brzoska 20-IX , 2 in DBCN: Ecuador: Pastaza 21.3 km NW / Puyo- Pastaza R. 3200ft. / D. Brzoska 23-IX , 2 in DBCN: Ecuador: Pastaza - Puyo-Banos R. / 17.8 km., NW Puyo, Pastaza R. / D. Brzoska 20-X in DBCN: Ecuador: Pastaza / Pto. Sta. Ana, Rio Pastaza / S, W / D. Brzoska 23-X , 1 in DBCN: Ecuador: Pastaza- / Puyo-Macas Rd. / Rio Pastaza / S, W/ D. Brzoska 22-X , 1 in CMNH: Ecuador: / Pastaza / 44 km S Puyo / 21.V.1977 / W. E. Steiner. 1 in RLHC: Ecuador: Morona Santiago / Rio Santiago, Santiago / 3.XI.1995 (270m) / J. Buestan. 2 in MGKC: Ecuador: Pastaza / 20.X.1997 / 17.8 km NW Puyo Banas Rd. / M. Kippenhan col.. Redescription. Body (Fig. 6) appearance as in C. cribrata, but notably black coloured, (NT 6.20) mm long, (NT 2.20) mm wide. Head (Fig. 67) large, but notably narrower than body, mm wide. Frons glabrous, steeply sloping towards clypeus and clearly separated from it and confluent with vertex, black, almost smooth in middle, lateral areas finely longitudinally parallel-striate. 85

20 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Vertex black, almost flat in middle, glabrous; surface of anteromedian area very finely and densely longitudinally parallel-striate, striae in middle often vermicular, forming an arcuate ornament; striae on sublateral areas and passing onto temples are more distinct; orbital areas very unusually with only few parallel longitudinal striae adjacent to eyes, but the remaining anterior-basal orbital area is obliquely transversely or arcuately, extremely finely parallel-striate; occipital area finely and irregularly wavyrugulose to asperate. Labrum as in M. cribrata, male labrum (Fig. 68) with semicircular discal part, mm long, mm wide; female labrum (Fig. 69) more transverse, mm long, mm wide. Mandibles (Fig. 67) as in M. cribrata with fourth-teeth and of the same shape, but generally much darker, and in female with less extended ochre lateral area. Palpi (Fig. 67) as in M. cribrata, but besides the black-green terminal palpomeres, sometimes also the penultimate palpomere of maxillary palpi are darkened or with metallic-green lustre. Antennae as in M. cribrata, but antennomeres 1 4 much darker, to almost black with blue, or green and purple lustre on antennomeres 3 4, antennomeres 5 11 black; scape notably large and with only apical seta. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 70 71), dorsally glabrous, in male almost as long as wide, in female wider, mm long, mm wide; anterior lobe wider than the posterior, but narrower than disc, its anterior margin in middle distinctly prolonged anteriad, densely irregularly rugulose; disc notably wider than long, more distinctly in female, lateral margins in male (including notopleural sutures and outer margins of proepisterna) parallel or slightly narrower in middle, in female more convex; medial line narrow but distinct; discal surface sculpture very fine and dense, asperate to consisting of very irregular, mostly vermicular and wavy rugae, anterior area with parallel, fine and dense striae passing towards the median line; posteromedian area with coarser parallel rugae running towards the median line; shallow but distinct almost transverse rugae on lateral areas surpass notopleural sutures; posterior lobe more distinctly and irregularly rugulose, rugae cover also moderate dorsolateral bulges; ventral and lateral sterna as in M. exigua, but proepisterna distinctly punctate-setose. Elytra (Figs 78 79) black-coloured, mm long, shaped as in M. exigua, humeri in female anteriad-protruding; elytral apices in male even more distinctly subacute towards more distinct sutural spine, in female widely rounded towards indistinct sutural spine; elytral whitish maculation somewhat differs from other species: anterior half of humeral lunule is in female often barely visible, and median-discal band is either continuous, or semi-interrupted, and its discal portion is usually bent downwards; anteapical and apical lunule as in M. cribrata; elytral punctation consists of notably larger punctures which are much more commonly anastomosing in chains, their intervals forming almost cristulate sculpture; particularly large punctures are within discal impression but also around the white median band. 86

21 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Legs as in M. cribrata, but femora and tibiae predominantly almost black with green lustre and with less extended pale basoventral area on femora; tarsi metallic black-blue or black-green. Abdomen as in M. exigua, besides the longer sensory setae, surface of ventrites with indistinct microsetae (visible only in a certain angle of illumination, and easily abraded). Aedeagus (Figs 72 77) of similar shape and size as in M. exigua; internal sac (Figs 76 77) also similar, but the sclerites somewhat differ. Differential diagnosis. M. microtheres is a rather outstanding species. It shares the setose proepisterna with M. exigua and M. chalceola, but is distinguished from them and from all other species of the genus by its black body coloration. The regularly four-toothed mandibles and extremely fine sculpture on pronotal surface distinguish M. microtheres also from dark, nearly black specimens (DBCN) of M. chalceola (from the Bolivian department of La Paz). The pronotum of M. microtheres has parallel lateral margins in male (thus immediately differing from that in M. exigua), only slightly more convex in female. Elytral punctation consists of larger punctures which are more commonly anastomosing in chains, particularly around the white median band, their intervals often forming almost cristulate sculpture; moreover, the whitish elytral median-discal band is mostly narrowed when arising from its lateral portion (tending to be interrupted), its discal portion is usually bent downwards. Biology and distribution. The neotype locality of M. microtheres corresponds with the original type locality. Rio Upano is a river near the town of Macas in the Ecuadorian province of Morona Santiago, and also recently caught specimens come from this Amazonian area along the Macas Puyo road and around Puyo which belongs to the neighbouring province of Pastaza. The adults inhabit the river beaches in the altitude about 1000 m.a.s.l. According to one of the collectors (David Brzoska pers. com), the adults were found in moist sandy upper flood plains of rivers and streams, but not usually along the water s edge. In the area of Ecuador along the Upano and Pastaza Rivers the sand is darker. Remarks. The original description of Cicindela microtheres BATES, 1872 was very probably based on only male. The type was very probably lost as no specimen corresponding with it by labels has been found by us and curators in collections including the most relevant MNHN and BMNH. Therefore, the male (BMNH) from the area of the type locality and possessing diagnostic characters emphasized in the original description by BATES (1872) is designated here as a neotype. HORN (1899), who accommodated most of species of Mesacanthina in the genus Prepusa, inappropriately synonymized Prepusa microtheres with Prepusa cribrata. Also SARMIENTO (1963), who did not examine type specimens of the M. cribrata complex, and based his examinations mostly on Argentinean specimens, followed the synonymy and generic classification. 87

22 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Mesacanthina chalceola (Bates, 1872) comb.nov. et stat. restit. (Figs 8, ) Cicindela chalceola Bates, 1872: 265. Odontochila chalceola: FLEUTIAUX 1892: 124. Prepusa chalceola: HORN 1899: 44. Phyllodroma (Pentacomia) cribrata chalceola: SCHILDER 1953a: 545. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata chalceola: WIESNER 1992: 83. Type locality. Interior of Northern Peru. Type material. Neotype (designated here) in CMNH, labelled: Boqueron del / Padre Abad / 470 m, Loreto / Peru, VIII [printed] F. Woytkowski / Col. Donor / Wm. Procter [printed] // Robert D. Ward / Collection [printed] // Pentacomia /(Meso.) cribrata / argentina Lynch. A. / det. R. Ward, 1977 [printed/handwritten] // Neotype / Cicindela / chalceola Bates, 1872 / design. Moravec & Huber Other material examined. 1 in CMNH: Ricuri Cocha San / Martin / dept. San / Martin, Peru / 830 m, II // Col. Donor / Wm. Procter. 1 in SDEI: Peru S. A. / II / F. Woytkowski / 3740 // Dept. San Martin / Vic. Rioja / Jungle 900m.a.s.l.. 1 in MNHN, 1 in SDEI: Staudinger[leg.] / Vilcanota / Peru. 3 in SDEI: Chanchamayo Peru / Hoffmanns. 1 in SDEI: Tingo-Maria / Huanuco // Peru VII.1937 / Woytkowski. 2, 1 in JWCW: SO-Peru / Iberia 250 m / W, S / 15.VIII.1995 leg. Bauer, Lobin, Post. 1, 1 in DBCN: Peru: Huanuco, 860 m / Tingo Maria Monzon Rd. / Rio Rondus (SE P. Rondus) / S, W D. Brzoska 12-X in SDEI: Staudinger[leg.] / Mapiri Bolivia. 1, 1 in JWCW: Bolivia / Mapiri 600m / S; W / leg. U. Roosileht. 21, 26 in CMNH [as cribrata det by Pearson]: Bolivia: Santa Cruz, / Ichilo, 3km SE Buena / Vista, Rio Suturo, / S, W, 310m / 15.II.1994, R. Ward // one of the males labelled: Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) / cribrata Brullé / morph A I b / det. R. L. Huber in JWCW: Bolivia / Cochabamba / Chapare Villa Tunari / XII in JWCW: Bolivia / Cochabamba / Chapare Chipiriri / III , 1 in CDCL: Bolivie / Ixamas (Beni) X m / leg. Lecourt. 2 in CDCL: Colombie / Meta Prov. / Carimagua / Col. Dheurle. 1, 1 in CDCL: Bolivie / Guanay, XI.1992 Peña leg. / Dheurle Col.. 1 in CDCL: Bolivie / Capare / I.1993 Peña leg. / Dheurle Col.. 2 in JWCW: Peru: Madre de Dios / ZR Tambopata-Candamo / vic. Explorer s Inn // S, W / 250 m, XI.1997 / C. Hauser & B. Kreusel leg.. 3, 2 in DBCN: Peru Madre de Dios / ZR Tambopata-Candamo / 5 km SW Tam. RC / D. Brzoska 23-X , 1 in DBCN: Bolivia: La Paz / 23 km E Consata 630 m / Rio Incachaca / S; W / D. Brzoska 16-XI , 3 in DBCN: Bolivia: La Paz / 5 km E Mapiri 325 m / Rio Mapiri / S; W / D. Brzoska 17-XI , 1 in DBCN: Bolivia: Beni / Rio Yucumo, Yucumo / 21-XI-1994 / Brzoska & Guerra. 1 in RLHC: Peru: Huanuca / Tingo Maria / 13.V.1974 / M.L. Paulson. 1 in RLHC: Peru: Madre de Dios / 30km SW P.Maldonado / 18.II.1979 / D.L. Pearson. 1 RLHC: ibid., except for: 12.XI.1979 / (beach forest). 2 in RLHC: Saposa 420m / Rio Huallaga / Peru // C. Bolivar / 1 6.IX , 1 in RLHC: Bolivia-Region / Chapare 400m / / leg. Zischka. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia X / Rurrenabaque. 1, 1 in RLHC: Bolivia Dpto. Santa Cruz / Prov. Ichilo / Parque Amboro /23-X-1989 // Paola Bettella / Rio Saguayo. 1 in MFNB: Mt. Alegre, Rio / Pachitea O. Peru. 2, 1 in DBCN: Peru: Pasco, 920m / Villa Rica P. Bermundas Rd / 5 km N San Juan / S; W / D. Brzoska 17-X in JWCW: Bolivia, Cochabamba / Rio Ivirgazama / Carasco, 19.XII.2002 / leg. J. Ledezma. 1 in KCBC: Peru: Pasco / Puerto Palcazu env. / 21.XI.2001/ O. Šafránek lgt.. 1, 2 in CDCL: Bolivie, 250 m / Rio Mero / Alto Madidi / Coll Dheurle // XI.2002 / P. Bleuzen leg.. 5, 1 in DBCN: Peru: Madre de Dios / Rio Madre de Dios 220m / Boca Manu Airstrip / S; W / D. Brzoska 27-X in DBCN: Peru Madre de Dios / Rio Alto Madre de Dios / Pantiacolla Lodge, / m.a.s.l., S, W / D. Brzoska 26-X in JWCW: Peru: Huánuco, / Yuyapichis, Panguana, / 9 37 S, W, 220 m / 21.IX. 4.X.2004 / leg. Schönitzer, / Kothe & Breitsameter. 1 in COSJ: Bolivia: Cochabamba depart. / Villa Tunari env., river bank / S ; W m / 25.XI.2013, light trap / O. Šafránek et M. Amaya lgt.. 3, 1 in DBCN, 1, 3 in CCJM: Bolivia Santa Cruz / Río Yapacani 4.5 km S / Camino Cochabamba / 350 m, 25-XI-1995 / David Brzoska, 3, 1 in DBCN, 1 in CCJM: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / Río Surutu 3 km SE / Buena Vista, 325 m / D. Brzoska 24-XI

23 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Redescription. Body (Fig. 8) very small to small, of very variable size in both sexes, but females mostly larger than males, (NT 5.40) mm long, (NT 2.00) mm wide. Head (Figs 80 81) markedly narrower than body, mm wide. Frons as in M. cribrata, but more distinctly longitudinally parallel-striate. Vertex as in M. cribrata, but the surface sculpture more distinct, consisting of much deeper striae; posterior and occipital area covered with irregular, vermicular to zigzag rugae which become divergent when passing onto temples. Clypeus and genae as in M. cribrata. Labrum basically as in M. cribrata but more variable in shape, particularly in female; male labrum (Figs 85 86) mm long, mm wide, usually with its discal part notably longer than in female, semicircular, its outer margin often sinuate; female labrum (Fig. 87) mm long, mm wide, usually with its discal part more transverse, but the shape in both sexes varies. Mandibles (Figs 80 84) with only three teeth (and basal molar), or asymmetrically left mandible with four teeth, while the right mandible has only three teeth or very rarely also a rudiment of the fourth tooth; terminal teeth in male notably shorter than those in female; coloration as in M. cribrata. Palpi (Figs 80 82) as in M. cribrata, but generally darker. Antennae as in M. cribrata. Thorax. Pronotum (Figs 93 94) dorsally glabrous, 1.40 mm long, mm wide (in male as long as wide, or slightly longer, in female wider); anterior lobe slightly wider than the posterior and very slightly narrower than disc, its anterior margin in middle often prolonged anteriad, rather coarsely and irregularly rugulose; disc wider than long, but its lateral margins including rather distinct notopleural sutures are in male notably parallel, in female usually moderately convex and subparallel (parallel in middle); medial line distinct; discal surface sculpture much coarser than in M. cribrata, resembling that in M. argentina, consisting of irregular, mostly zigzag-wavy rugae; usually more transverse rugae on lateral areas slightly surpass notopleural sutures; posterior lobe distinctly and very irregularly rugulose, rugae covering also moderately raised dorsolateral bulges; ventral and lateral sterna as in M. exigua and M. microtheres, proepisterna setose on their whole surface, but the setae can be easily abraded. Elytra (Figs 88 92) elongate, mm long, lateral margins in male parallel, in female slightly dilated in middle, anteapical angles arcuate, than obliquely running towards apices which are in male subacute to acute towards distinct sutural spine, in female rounded towards indistinct sutural spine; Elytral coloration very variable, bronzecupreous, dark copper, black with olivaceous, green or cyaneous tinge; elytral punctation similar to that in M. cribrata; whitish elytral maculation resembling that in M. argentina, consisting of humeral lunule which is either continuous or rarely interrupted, the longitudinal-lateral band is dilated posteriorly and anteriorly, and the median-discal band is predominantly interrupted, forming thus isolated discal macula, rarely semiinterrupted. Legs as in M. cribrata with similar variability in coloration. 89

24 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Abdomen as in M. exigua, surface of ventrites covered with more distinct and usually denser microsetae. Aedeagus (Figs ) similar to other species, but internal sac (Figs ) with different sclerites. Variability. The specimens (DBCN) from the Bolivian department of La Paz and Peruvian Chanchamayo (cited in Other material examined ) are nearly black with olivaceous or cyaneous tinge. Differential diagnosis. Mesacanthina chalceola possesses a similar pattern of the white elytral maculation with interrupted median-discal band and the same shape of the lateral band, as well as the pronotum with parallel or subparallel lateral margins and similar, rather coarse surface sculpture as in M. argentina, but principally differs in having setose proepisterna, and the mandibles with only three teeth (and basal molar), or asymmetrically left mandible with four teeth, while the right mandible has only three teeth or very rarely also a rudiment of the fourth tooth; the structure of the internal sac of the aedeagus also differs. The shape of the mandibles, as well as the coarser sculpture on the pronotal surface, clearly distinguish M. chalceola (including its black-aberrant specimens mentioned in the Variability above) from M. microtheres. Biology and distribution. The type locality of M. chalceola was stated inexactly by BATES (1872) as Interior of Northern Peru. The neotype designated here comes from the area which rather corresponds with the type locality, because Boqueron Abad (sometimes as Boqueron Padre Abad) is a narrow gorge on the border of the Peruvian provinces of Loreto and Huanuco in the Cordillera Azul, through which it passes the trans-andean highway to Pucallpa. In the Peruvian province of Madre de Dios, M. chalceola is sympatric with M. cribrata (see under that species above). It occurs in other areas of the Peruvian Amazon, but also in Bolivia and Colombia. In Bolivian departments of Cochabamba and Santa Cruz it is sympatric with M. cribrata, in the latter department also with M. argentina; in the areas of Río Surutu and Río Yapacani, it occurs together with M. cribrata. Records by PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999) from the Bolivian department of Tarija and from some other localities in the departments of Santa Cruz and Chuquisaca, proved to be in fact M. argentina (see under M. argentina here). Also the occurrence of M. chalceola (as M. cribrata chalceola ) in Argentina (Salta) mentioned by WIESNER (2000) belonged in fact to M. argentina which was recently correctly listed from Salta by WIESNER & BANDINELLI (2014) (see under that species here). Remarks. The original description of Cicindela chalceola Bates, 1872 was probably based on one female only, which is very probably lost as no type specimen (or a specimen corresponding with it by labels) has been found by curators and personally by us in collections including the most relevant MNHN and BMNH. Therefore, the male deposited in BMNH coming from an area of the type locality is designated here as a neotype. The diagnostic characters of the neotype well correspond with the original description. The body size of this species was described by BATES (1872) as larger than that in M. cribrata, but this statement is quite misleading as the body-size is usually much larger in females. Moreover, the body size considerably varies in all species of the Mesacanthina cribrata complex, and is even more variable in this species. 90

25 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. The resemblance of the white elytral maculation as well as the cupreous coloration of many specimens, probably caused that M. chalceola was in collections commonly confused with M. argentina despite the diagnostic difference in the mandibles and the setose proepisterna. The setosity was not mentioned in the original description, as it was overlooked or underestimated not only by historical authors, but also by RIVALIER (1969) who did not mention it also in all other taxa of the subtribe. SCHILDER (1953b) correctly recognized that the older name Cicindela chalceola was not preoccupied and had priority and he therefore disagreed with the unavailable reverse synonymy of C chalceola with C. argentina by HORN (1905), followed by BRUCH (1911) and the synonymy maintained by HORN (1915, 1926, 1931). On the other hand, SCHILDER (1953a) incorrectly synonymized M. argentina with M. chalceola (see Remarks under M. argentina). As RIVALIER (1969) in his revision did not mention M. chalceola but only M. argentina (as Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) argentina), he probably also quite inappropriately considered the former as a synonym of the latter. Mesacanthina setopronotalis (W. Horn, 1909) comb.nov. et stat.nov. (Figs 7, ) Cicindela cribrata setopronotalis W. Horn, 1909: 447. Cicindela cribrata seto-pronotalis: HORN 1920: 3. Phyllodroma (Pentacomia) cribrata setopronotalis: SCHILDER 1953a: 545. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) cribrata setopronotalis: RIVALIER 1969: 233. Type locality. Rio Juruá (= Yuruá, incorrectly spelled Iurura by HORN 1909), Amazon Basin (see Biology and distribution below). Type material. Holotype (by monotypy) in SDEI: Rio Yuruá / Schneider [handwritten] // Type! / Dr. W. Horn [printed] // Horn Coll. [printed] // Cicindela / cribrata s. / setopronotalis / W. Horn [handwritten] // Holotypus [red, printed] // seto-pronota- / lis / mihi [greenish with black frame, handwritten] // Pentacomia cribrata setopronotalis / W. Horn Type (DEI Eberswalde) / borrowed by D. L. Pearson / 23 Oct (drawer # 158) [printed] // Revision Jiøí Moravec 2012: / Holotype (by monotypy) / Cicindela cribrata / setopronotalis W. Horn, 1909 [red, printed]. // Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) / setopronotalis W. Horn, 1909 / det. Jiøí Moravec Other material examined. 1 in BMNH: Rio Yurua /nov. 74 [= 1874] // Amazons /(trail) / // Named by / Dr W. Horn, / G.J.A. 2 in CMNH: Arima / Rio Purus / Brazil / S.M. Klages // Nov // Carn. Mus. / Acc // Cicindela / cribrata Brll. / Dr. W. Horn det // Pentacomia / cribrata / cribrata (Brullé) / det. R. Acciavatti 1989 // Mesacanthina / setopronotalis W. Horn, 1909 / det. Jiøí Moravec Redescription. Body (Fig. 7) very small, (HT 5.80) mm long, 2, (HT 2.00) mm wide. Head (Figs ) markedly narrower than body, mm wide. Frons, vertex, genae and clypeus as in M. cribrata. Labrum basically as in M. cribrata; male labrum (Fig. 102 ) mm long, mm wide, its discal portion notably longer than in female, semicircular to almost triangular and with often sinuate outer margin; female labrum (Fig. 103) 0,55 mm long, 1.00 mm wide, its discal part more transverse. 91

26 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Mandibles (Figs ) asymmetrical, left mandible with four teeth, while the right mandible has only three teeth (and basal molar); terminal teeth in both sexes very long and slender; coloration as in M. cribrata. Palpi (Fig. 109) as in M. cribrata. Antennae as in M. cribrata. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 101) similar in shape as in M. cribrata, but dorsal surface setose, 1.05 mm long, 1.20 mm wide; anterior lobe slightly wider than the posterior and slightly narrower than disc, its anterior margin in middle often prolonged anteriad, rather coarsely and irregularly rugulose and covered with rather sparse, mediocre long white setae; disc wider than long, subglobose, in male with convex lateral margins, in female usually lateral margin subparallel; medial line distinct; discal surface sculpture as in M. cribrata, only slightly coarser, whole dorsal surface of disc rather densely covered with short to mediocre long, white setae (which can be easily abraded); posterior lobe with sparser setae; ventral and lateral sterna as in M. exigua, proepisterna densely setose on their whole surface, but the setae can be easily abraded. Elytra (Figs ) elongate, mm long, shape, coloration and pattern of elytral punctation as in M. cribrata; whitish elytral maculation complete of the same pattern as in M. cribrata and M. exigua, but the maculation is notably wider, and the wide anteapical-apical lunule is mostly connected with the wide longitudinal-lateral band by a narrow stripe. Legs as in M. cribrata with similar variability in coloration. Abdomen as in M. cribrata, surface of ventrites glabrous, but some of the sensory setae at margins of ventrites sometimes spread onto the surface. Aedeagus (Fig ) similar to that in M. cribrata, 1.95 mm long, 0.40 mm wide; internal sac (Figs ), differing from all other species, particularly by very different, notably long and rather thick stick-like central piece. Differential diagnosis. M. setopronotalis differs from all other species of the genus in having dorsal surface of its pronotum densely covered by short setae (the setae are easily abraded, as it is, fortunately only partly, in the two specimen from CMNH), but the other characters can still distinguish this species clearly. The pronotum is notably wider than long with convex lateral margins, proepisterna setose, and the mandibles asymmetrical with right mandible with only three teeth (and basal molar). M. chalceola also has only three teeth in its mandibles (either in both mandibles or asymmetrically in only the right mandible) as well as setose proepisterna, but it clearly differs in having the dorsal pronotal surface glabrous, narrower pronotum with parallel margins and much coarser surface sculpture, and its white elytral maculation is much thinner and with mostly interrupted median-discal band. The wide pronotum, setose proepisterna and the complete white elytral maculation of M. setopronotalis are shared with M. exigua, which however clearly differs in having its mandibles consistently with four teeth (and basal molar) and dorsal pronotal surface entirely glabrous. 92

27 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Biology and distribution. M. setopronotalis is obviously a very rare species, previously known only from the holotype caught by Schneider in an area of Rio Yuruá (= Juruá) and the identified female (BMNH) from the type locality (probably the same which was recorded by HORN (1920), but the female in BMNH was labelled by him as Cicindela cribrata). The locality is rather ambiguous, because Rio Yuruá is very long (of total length about 2400 km); it rises among the Ucayali highlands in Peru and flows northwards through the Brazil state of Acre, meanders eastward and then north-eastward into the Amazon River. The other examined two males (CMNH) come from the area of the neighbouring Rio Purús, which also is a very long Amazon tributary, originating in Peru, its main part in Brazil where it enters the larger Amazon tributary Rio Solimões about 110 km west of its mouth to the Amazon river in Manaus. Both rivers have very similar biotopes. Records from Bolivia by PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999) are based on misidentification: for instance the examined specimens (JWCW) labelled: Bolivia, Santa Cruz / Rio Surutu / Ichio, 27.X.2002 / leg. J. Ledezma & al. proved to be in fact M. cribrata, and others from Rio Surutu (DBCN), listed here, are M. cribrata and M. chalceola. Remarks. Besides the misidentification in literature mentioned in Biology and distribution above, some other specimens of M. cribrata were misidentified by Mandl in collections as M. setopronotalis. The authors obviously overlooked that HORN (1909) in the original description of Cicindela cribrata subsp. setopronotalis emphasized the setose dorsal pronotal surface. Mesacanthina reductesignata (W. Horn, 1905) comb.nov. (Figs 9, ) Cicindela cribrata reducte-signata W. Horn, 1905: 18. Phyllodroma (Pentacomia) cribrata reductesignata: SCHILDER 1953a: 545. Cicindela cribrata reductesignata: MANDL 1958: 23, 24, plate 1, fig. 1, (5, 6). Prepusa reductisignata[sic!]: SARMIENTO 1963: 132, figs. 8 13, Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) reductesignata: RIVALIER 1969: 233, 234, fig. 25rs, 235, fig. 26rs. Type locality. Argentina: N.W. Gran Chaco. Type material. Lectotype (designated here), in SDEI labelled: Steinbach[leg.]: Argent. / N. W. Gran Chaco [handwritten[ // Type! / Coll. W. Horn [printed] // coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde [printed] // Syntypus [red, printed] // Lectotype / Cicindela cribrata / reductesignata W. Horn, 1905 / design. Jiøí Moravec 2013 [red, printed] // Pentacomia / (Mesacanthina) / reductesignata / W. Horn, 1905 / det. Jiøí Moravec 2013 [printed]. Paralectotypes. 3, 5 in SDEI with same labels as lectotype. 1 in SDEI: Rep. Argentina / Prov. Tucuman / XII.1900 / C. Bruch [printed] // coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde [printed] // Syntypus [red, printed] // f. / reducte-signa- / ta / mihi [greenish with black frame, handwritten] // Pentacomia cribrata reductesignata / W. Horn Type (DEI Eberswalde) / borrowed by D. L. Pearson / 23 Oct (drawer # 158) [printed]. All paralectotypes labelled: Revision Jiøí Moravec 2013: / Paralectotype / Cicindela cribrata / reductesignata W. Horn, 1905 [red, printed]. 93

28 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Other material examined. Historical data. 1 in MFNB: N. Argentinen / Gran Chaco/ Steinbach. 1, 3 in SDEI: Rio Tunuyan. 1 in SDEI: Argentina. 3 in SDEI: N.W.Argentina. 1 in MFNB: Bolivia / Balzan 1891 // Other data. 6, 2 in MNHN, 1 in MFNB: Argentinen / Santiago del Estero. 5 in MNHN: R. A. / Tucuman / I.49. 2, 5 in MFNB: Buenos Aires. 4, 2 in MNHN: Carpas Cordillére / Bolivia. 2, 5 in MNHN: Muséum Paris / Prov. de Santiago / del Estero / bords du Rio Salado / env. d Icano Mistol Paso / E. R. Wagner in MNHN: Organ Mt. / Brasil. 1 in SDEI: Nord du Chaco de / Santa Fé, Argentine // Las Garzas / Bordo du Rio Las Garzas. 4, 7 in IRSNB, 1 in SDEI: Republique Argentine / Chaco de Santiago / Del Estero Rio Salado. 1 in IRSNB: Republique Argentine / Chaco de Santiago / del Estero. 1 in IRSNB: Republique Argentine / Chaco de Santiago. 1, 1 in IRSNB: Republique Argentine / Gran Chaco / Rio Tapenaga. 1, 1 in NHMW: Reimoser[leg] / Argentinien Salta. 1, 1 in NHMW: El Charco /Santiago del Estero / Argt, XI , 4 in NHMW: Argentina, XI.1994 / Santiago del Estero / Laguna del Cisne. 1 in NHMW: Nord du Chaco / de Sta Fé, Argentin. / Las Garzas, Bordo / du Rio Las Garzas. 1, 1 in NHMW, 1 in RLHC: Argentina XI.1982 / Chaco / Pampa del Infierno. 1, 2 in CCJM: Argentina / Ivivi.San Pedro /Rio Lavayen / XI.1991 leg. M. Snížek. 1 in RLHC: Argentina XI.82 / Chaco / Taco Pozo. 2, 2 in RLHC: Argentina: Salta / Rosario de Lerma / XII-21/ / M. Wasbauer. 2 in RLHC: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / 40km SE Santa Cruz / 11.XI.1992 / D.L. Pearson. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / Rio Pinai-El Torno / D.Brzoska 20-XI , 13 in DBCN, 2, 3 in RLHC: Bolivia: Santa Cruz / Rio Grande, Puerto Pailas / D.Brzoska 30-XI in RLHC: Rio Piray 7km W- / Jorochito / D.Brzoska 27-XII in RLHC: Bolivia: Tarija / Villamontes / 23 Apr / F. Guerra. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: D. Santa Cruz / 10mi W. Portachuela / UV trap. III / C.&L. O Brien & G. Marshall. 1 in RLHC: Bolivia: S.C. 10 / mi W. Pto. Banegas / 25.III.1978, at UV light / C.W. O Brien. Recent data. 6, 1 in IRSNB: Neotropical Region / Veromilliter / Paraguay/Argentina / (F. Cassola, 2001). 1 in CCJM: Argentina NE / S of Corrientes / River Parana / 16.II.2009, leg. Snížek. 1, 1 in NHMW: Argentina Cordoba / Laguna Mar Chiquita. 1 in NHMW: Bolivien / Villa Montes am R. Pilcomayo. 1 in CADW: Argentinien, Misiones / RTA 17, 36 km E of Eldorado / 278 m, S ; W / 20.XI.2006, leg. Berger-Dostal. 3 in CCJM: Paraguay, Gran Chaco / dept.presidente Hayes / Fn. Salazar, 105 m, / S, W / leg. Jiøí Moravec. Redescription. Body (Fig 9) small, but much larger than in M. cribrata, mm long, mm wide (females larger than males). Head (Fig. 117) markedly narrower than body, mm wide. Frons and vertex as in M. cribrata, but much more distinctly striate, vertex with longitudinally parallel-striae on lateral areas deeper and more parallel when passing towards temples. Clypeus and genae as in M. cribrata. Labrum as in M. cribrata, but generally more transverse, male labrum (Figs ) mm long, mm wide; female labrum (Fig. 121.) with the same shape of the only median tooth but usually with discal part even more transverse, mm long, mm wide, ivory-white coloration sometimes ochretestaceous darkened in middle, and with brownish tooth. Mandibles (Fig. 117) as in M. cribrata, apical teeth extremely long in both sexes (HT, Fig.9, has apices of the terminal teeth broken). Palpi (Fig. 117) as in M. cribrata (within usual variability of their shape, and tint of coloration). Antennae as in M. cribrata, but the antennomeres 1 4 darker, almost black with green or purple lustre. Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 118) almost as long as wide, mm long, mm wide, anterior lobe wider than the posterior, rather coarsely irregularly vermicular to wavy rugulose; disc almost globose, because not only its lateral 94

29 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. margins, but also its dorsal surface is notably convex, surface sculpture rather distinct, consisting of vermicular to wavy rugae which are in middle more parallel and obliquely transverse when converging towards rather distinct median line; posterior lobe covered with shallower, very irregular rugae which cover also moderate dorsolateral bulges; lateral and ventral sterna, including proepisterna coloured and glabrous as in M. cribrata. Elytra (Figs ) elongate, mm long, humeri rounded, rarely in female very indistinctly anteriad-protruding, lateral margins moderately dilated in middle, more distinctly so in female, anteapical angles arcuate, then obliquely running towards apices which are in male subacute towards small sutural spine, in female widely rounded towards indistinct sutural spine; pattern of elytral punctation as in M. cribrata; whitish elytral maculation very reduced: humeral macula small and rounded; longitudinal-lateral band and its transverse protrusion short, very rarely the median band is even more reduced, broken into very short and indistinct, separated maculae (Fig. 116); anteapical-apical lunule distinct, reaching suture. Legs as in M. cribrata with similar variability in coloration. Aedeagus (Figs ) differing from other species in the shape of its apex which is much narrower with tips moderately bent ventrad; internal sac (Figs ) well developed, containing small, highly-sclerotized basal spur with a circular base, small, irregularly shaped stiffening rib, elongate central tooth with indefinitely shaped basal part, large, conspicuous median-dorsal piece with spiny apex associated with small spine; dorsal-upper spine, and a membranous, elongate ventral piece. Variability. M. reductesignata is variable in the coloration and the shape of the median band (as mentioned in the Redescription and Differential diagnosis and obvious from Figs ). Differential diagnosis. M. reductesignata immediately differs from six species of the M. cribrata complex by its reduced pattern of white elytral maculation: humeral macula small and rounded, longitudinal-lateral band including its transverse protrusion short. Very rarely the median band is even more reduced, broken into separated maculae which may be very short and indistinct (Fig. 116). Internal sac of the aedeagus is much more similar to that in M. punctum than to species of the M. cribrata complex. Biology and distribution. M. reductesignata is very common species, reported from many localities in Paraguay (provinces of Boquerón, Central, Guairá and Pte Hayes) by WIESNER (2000), and from Argentina reported recently by WIESNER & BANDINELLI (2014) from a great number of localities in the provinces of Santa Fé, Córdoba, Santiago del Estero, Jujuy, Chaco and Misiones, with a map of the distribution in Argentina. It is there sympatric with M argentina. In Bolivia it is common in the departments of Tarija and Santa Cruz, reported from many localities of these provinces by PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999); in these Bolivian departments it is sympatric with M. argentina which was reported by these authors partly as M. chalceola. Remarks. Originally described by HORN (1905) as a subspecies of M. cribrata (as Cicindela), but quite properly recognized and treated as a separate species by RIVALIER (1969) followed by WIESNER (1992) and all subsequent authors. 95

30 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Mesacanthina punctum (Klug, 1834) comb.nov. Cicindela punctum Klug, 1834: 12. Odontochila puncta (sic!): FLEUTIAUX 1892: 124. Prepusa punctum: HORN 1899: 44. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) punctum: RIVALIER 1969: 234, fig. 25, 235. Type locality. Brazil. Misapplications. Non Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) punctum sensu PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA 1999: 457 (partim), which is M. ronhuberi (Moravec, 2012) comb.nov. Type material. Lectotype (designated by MORAVEC 2012c) in MFNB, labelled: Punctum / Kl / Brasil de Olf. [large green, handwritten]; Hist. Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr / Odontocheila punctum Kl. / Brazil, von Olfers / Zool. Mus. Berlin [green, printed]; Syntypus / Cicindela punctum / Klug, 1834 / labelled by MFNB 2012 [red, printed]; Lectotype / Cicindela punctum Klug, 1834 / design. Jiøí Moravec 2012 [red, printed]. Paralectotypes. 1, 1 in MFNB with same second and third printed labels as the lectotype, and: Revision Jiøí Moravec 2012: / Paralectotype / Cicindela punctum Klug, 1834 [red, printed]. All type specimens labelled: Pentacomia / (Mesacanthina) / punctum (Klug, 1834) / det. Jiøí Moravec, 2012 [printed]. Other material examined. Historical data. 1 in MNHN: Mus. Paris / Amerique / de Castelnau in MNHN: Caraca (Minas Gerais) / Brésil / E. Gounelle 1.I Other data. 1 in MFNB: Espirito Santo. 1 in MNHN, 1 in MFNB, 1 in NHMW, 1, 1 in BMNH, 2 in SDEI: Sao Paulo / Brésil. 1 in MNHN, 1 in MFNB: Goyaz / Rio Verde. 4, 1 in MNHN, 4 in MFNB: Jatahy / prov. Goyas / Brésil. 1 in MNHN: Brésil / Est de Goyaz / Jatahy. 1 in NHMW: Rio Jabui / Paraguay. 1 in NHMW: Villarica, Paraguay. 1, 1 in NHMW: Paraguay, Villarica. 1 in MFNB: Mbovevu, bei Villarica. 1 in MFNB: Hansa [leg.] Humboldt / Tiefland, 60 m. 1 in SDEI, 1 in MNHN: Jatahy / prov. Goyaz. 2 in SDEI: Boa Sorta. 1, 1 in MFNB, 1 in SDEI: Mar de Hespanha / Minas Gerais. 1 in SDEI: Zikan[leg.] / Mar de Hespanha. 1 in MFNB, 1 in SDEI: Sao Jose do Calçado / Esp[irito] S.. 1 in MFNB: Est Sao Paulo / Pirassinunga. 1 in MFNB: Peridexia punctum / Boa Sorta, II/50 / ex Coll. J. Sahlberg. 1 in MFNB, 1 in SDEI: Rio Itabapoana / E Esp. S., Brazil. 1 in MFNB: illegible locality label. 1 in RLHC: Matto Grosso / Acaria / XII-22 // Prepusa punctum /Dr. W.Horn det , 1 in RLHC: Brazil: Sao Paulo / Cipo / 22.I.1971 / V.N. Alin. 1, 4 in RLHC: Brazil: Sao Paulo / Marcilas / 2.II.1972 / V.N. Alin. 2, 2 in RLHC: Paraguay: San Pedro Cororo / Rio Ypane / XII-1/ / M. Wasbauer. Recent data. 1 in CCJM: South Brasil, Mato Grosso do Sul / Bonito, XI.2000 / Leg. A. Kudrna-jr. 1, 1 in DBCN: Brazil Mato Grosso / do Sul, 4 km NE Miranda / S; W / D. Brzoska 22-IV in DBCN: Brazil Fed. Dist. / Brasilia Nat. Park / Pond by Museum / M. Hrabovsky 15.X in CDCL: Argentine, Misiones / Garuape, 14.XI / Coll. Dheurle. 1 in CDCL: Argentine, Misiones / Pepiri, 16.IX.1995 / Coll. Dheurle ; 1 in CDCL: Argentine, Misiones / Posadas, 22.XI.1995 / Coll. Dheurle // Compania Naranjo. 1 in CDCL: Argentine, Misiones / 18.XI.1999, /Coll. Dheurle. 1 in CDCL: Paraguay, Dpto Cordillera / 10.I.2005 / Coll Dheurle. 3, 3 in CCJM: Paraguay, dept.guaira /Numi env., 187 m a.s.l. / S W / 1.I.2012, leg. Jiøí Moravec. 1 in CCJM: Paraguay, dept. Cordillera / Piribebui-Arroyo Chololo / S, W, 290 m / 6.I.2012, leg. Jiøí Moravec. 2 in CCJM: Paraguay, dept. Central / Itaugua, La Cantera,100m / S, W / 24.I.2012, leg. Jiøí Moravec. 10, 4 in CCJM: Paraguay, dpt. Concepcion / Colonia Azotel / 169 m (N of Cororo) / S W, 16.I.2012, leg. J. Moravec. 1, 3 in CCJM: Paraguay, dept. Guaira / Salto Suizo (Indepencia) / 21.I.2012, leg. Jiøí Moravec. 2, 1 in CCJM: Paraguay, dept. Paraguari / Sapukai-Valenzuela, 141 m / S W / 23.I.2012, leg. Jiøí Moravec. Redescription. Detailed redescription and illustrations see in MORAVEC (2012c). Differential diagnosis. Among the species of the genus Mesacanthina, M. punctum is immediately recognizable by its pattern of white elytral maculation, lacking humeral macula and any lateral band, but consisting of only a median-discal spot clearly distant from the outer elytral margin, and larger, mostly triangular anteapical macula. Such 96

31 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. pattern of maculation is shared only with M. ronhuberi (see below), but M. punctum is clearly recognizable by its four-toothed mandibles (apart from basal molar), and labrum ivory-white to ochre-testaceous in both sexes. Adults from Brazilian Mare Hespanha (SDEI) are with strong green lustre. Biology and distribution. All the specimens examined come from Brazil, Argentina and Paraguay. The Mar de Hespanha locality is in the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais. The Hansa location is historical, referring to a colony in the Brazilian state of Santa Catarina. As well as the specimens cited from the Paraguayan departments of Guaira, Central, Cordillera, Conception and Paraguari, WIESNER (2000) reported this species from other Paraguayan localities in the Amambay, Caaguazú, Caazapá, Canindeyu, Misiones and San Pedro departments. The species has not been reported from any of the departments of the large area of Paraguayan Grand Chaco. The reports from Bolivia by PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999) refer partly to M. ronhuberi. The same is partly true of the Bolivian reports by LEDEZMA (2000) and the reference to this author by ERWIN & PEARSON (2008). One of the personal experiences with the biology of M. punctum includes recently observed adults in Paraguay, where this species is common and inhabits the sandy banks of rivers and small streams. The adults are diurnal and fly very well. In most Paraguayan localities the adults were hunting on the sandy banks of rivers and on large, flat, mostly laterite rocks and stones along streams, sometimes together with Brasiella (Gaymara) chlorosticta (Kollar, 1836). In the riverside locality between Valenzuela and Sapukai (Paraguari department), the adults occurred on wet black mud densely overgrown with grass; in jeopardy, they usually rested on the black mud, thus becoming almost invisible. In the locality Itaugua, La Cantera (department Central), the adults flew along waterways in a kaolin quarry. The larva and its biology were described by ZIKAN (1929). Remarks. The mandibles with four teeth (and basal molar), as well as the ivory-white to ochre coloration of the labrum in both sexes were constant characters in all the specimens examined, including the female paralectotype (MFNB). HORN (1899) inappropriately placed M. punctum to the genus Prepusa Chaudoir, 1850 (see Remarks under the generic description). Mesacanthina ronhuberi (Moravec, 2012) comb.nov. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) ronhuberi Moravec, 2012c: 54, figs 2, Type locality. Bolivia, Department of Beni: Vaca Diez, 100 km S Riberalta (12 45 S;66 30 W). Type material. Holotype in NHMK, labelled: Bolivia Beni / 100 km S Riberalta / 26.XI.1994 / Brzoska/Guerra [printed]; Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) / n. sp. / (near punctum Klug) / det R.L.Huber, 1996 [handwritten/printed]. Allotype in CCJM with same locality label except for: 74.5 km S Riberalta, 24.XI Paratypes. 11, 9 in DBCN (later in NHMK), 1 in USNM, 4, 1 in RLHC, 2 in CCJM, 1 in JWCW, 1 in MFNB with same label as holotype. 5, 2 in DBCN (later in NHMK), 2, 1 in CCJM: ditto, except for: 115 km S Riberalta [printed]. 8, 6 in DBCN (later in NHMK), 1 in MNHN, 1, 4 in CCJM: ditto, except for: 74.5 km S Riberalta, 24.XI.1994 [printed]. 1, 2 97

32 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER in DBCN (later in NHMK), 1 CCJM, 1, 1 in USNM: ditto, except for 61.3 km S Riberalta [printed]. 1 in DBCN (later in NHMK), 1 in RLHC: Bolivia, Pando / Cobija Rd. / 17 km NW Rio Beni / 25.XI.1994 / Brzoska/Guerra [printed]. 18, 19 in DBCN (later in NHMK), 1, 1 in NMPC, 1 in MNHN, 1 in SDEI, 1 in MZMB, 3, 3 in CCJM: Bolivia Santa Cruz / 28.5km S San Rafael 305 m / D. Brzoska 3-XII paratypes from DBCN cited above will be later evenly distributed to be deposited in FSCA and CMNH. All type specimens labelled: Holotype (Allotype, or Paratype respectively) / Pentacomia / (Mesacanthina) / ronhuberi sp.nov. / det Jiøí Moravec 2012 [red, printed]. Other material examined. 1 in MFNB: Brasilien / Cuyaba / O. Staudinger. 1 in SDEI: Cuyaba [leg.] Ehlers. 1 in SDEI: Minas Pi... [illegible]. Redescription. The original description and illustrations see in MORAVEC (2012c). Differential diagnosis. Resembling Mesacanthina punctum, but generally much smaller, and immediately distinguished by the shape of the mandibles in both sexes: the fourth tooth of the left mandible is much smaller, rudimentary, or even entirely absent, while the right mandible has consistently only three teeth (and basal molar) in contrast to constantly well-developed four teeth in both mandibles of M. punctum; the female labrum of M. ronhuberi is consistently entirely metallic black or black-brown, in contrast to the ivory-white to ochre labrum in both sexes of M. punctum; the aedeagus of M. ronhuberi is dorsally more arcuate and has a distinctly subacute apex, and the punctate sculpture on its anterior elytral area is markedly coarser, consisting of much larger punctures with narrow intervals. Moreover, the pronotum is more elongated, always at least slightly longer than wide, the trochanters testaceous as well as the ventral area of the femora, thus much paler than in M. punctum. A complex of diagnostic characters, most immediately the position of the elytral median macula, also distinguish M. ronhuberi from all other species of the genus Mesacanthina. Biology and distribution. All the type specimens come from Bolivia. The Beni department, and the neighbouring Pando department (Rio Beni) in the northernmost part of Bolivia near the Brazilian border, in fact lies in the same area as the type locality Riberalta (coordinates appear in Type material above). The San Rafael locality in the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz is a long way from the type locality. Two females in MFNB and SDEI are labelled Cuyaba, which refers to part of Cuiaba, capital of the Brazilian state of Mato Grosso (also spelled Matto ), but despite separation from the type locality, the Brazilian locality is not so very distant from the Bolivian San Rafael. Apart from other male in SDEI with illegible label but evidently from Brazil, no other specimens of this species were found in collections. Nevertheless, specimens of M. ronhuberi may be deposited in some museum collections in Bolivia, because specimens from the type locality and the same collectors are listed (under Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) punctum) in PEARSON, GUERRA & BRZOSKA (1999), but their depository is not mentioned. The adults of this species flew short distances among sparse grass in sandy areas; the sand was damp from recent rain, but the place was not near water (BRZOSKA pers. com). Remarks. Although the adults from San Rafael in the Bolivian department of Santa Cruz possess larger elytral median macula, they are certainly conspecific with M. ronhuberi. Their important diagnostic characters are identical with those of the adults from the type locality, including the same number of inner teeth of the mandibles, as well as the 98

33 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. consistently black female labrum; the only difference in the size of the elytral maculae when all other characters are identical, is within usual variability and is of no taxonomic value Acknowledgements We would like to thank Maxwell Barclay and Beulah Garner (BMNH, London), Stephan Blank and Lutz Behne (SDEI, Müncheberg), Thierry Deuve and Azadeh Taghavian (MNHN, Paris), Johannes Frisch, Bernd Jäger and Manfred Uhlig (MFNB, Berlin), for their kind assistance during the visits to the collections by the first author and for loans of type and other specimens, as well as to Robert Acciavatti and Robert Davidson (CMNH), Terry Erwin (USNM), and David L. Pearson (ASUT) for loans of other material. Special thanks belong to our friend David W. Brzoska (Naples, Florida), for a great number of specimens and collecting data of the species treated here. Our thanks also belong to other colleagues listed with the acronyms of their private collections. Luboš Purchart (Mendel University, Brno, Czech Republic) kindly reviewed the manuscript. The first author is greatly obliged to John A. Kochalka (Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Paraguay, San Lorenzo) for expediting collecting permits. The first author received support for this research from the SYNTHESYS project which is financed by the European Community Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 Capacities Programme. References ADIS J., PAARMANN W., AMORIM M. A., ARNDT E. & DA FONSECA C. R. V. 1998: On occurrence, habitat specifity and natural history of adult tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae) near Manaus, Central Amazonia, and key to the larva of tiger beetle genera. Acta Amazonica 28: BATES H. W. 1872: Notes on Cicindelidae and Carabidae, and descriptions of new species (No. 14). Entomologist s Monthly Maazine 8: BOUSQUET Y. 2002: Additions and corrections to the world catalogue of genus-group of Geadephaga (Coleoptera) published by Wolfgang Lorenz (1998). Folia Heyrovskyana Suppl. 9: BRUCH C. 1911: Catálogo sistemático de los coleópteros de la República Argentina, pars 1, Familia Carabidae (Cicindelinae, Carabinae). Revista del Museo de La Plata 17(4): BRULLÉ A. 1837: Insectes de l Amérique méridionale recueillis par Alcide d Orbigny. Voyage dans l Amérique méridional 6 (2e Partie: Insectes), Paris: Strasbourg. CHAUDOIR M. 1843: Carabiques Nouveaux. Extrait du Bulletin de la Sociéte Impériale des Naturalistes de Moscou 16: CHAUDOIR M. 1848: sur la famille des Carabiques, 1e Partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou 21: CHAUDOIR M. 1850: Mémoire sur la famille des Carabiques, 4e Partie. Bulletin de la Societe Imperial des Naturalistes de Moscou 23: DEJEAN P.M.F.A. 1825: Species général des Coléoptères, de la collection de M. le Comte Dejean. Tome premier. Crevot, Paris, xxx pp. DURAN D. P. & MORAVEC J. 2013: A new species of the genus Pentacomia from Panama (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53: ERWIN T. L. & PEARSON D. L. 2008: A treatise on the Western Hemisphere Caraboidea (Coleoptera). Their classification, distributions, and ways of the life. Volume II. Carabidae Nebriformes 2 Cicindelitae. Pensoft Series Faunistica 84, Pensoft Publishers, Sofia, 366 pp + 33 pl. 99

34 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER FLEUTIAUX E. 1892: Catalogue systematique des Cicindelidae. Liege, GUERRA J. F., BRZOSKA, D. W. & PEARSON, D. L. 1997: Preliminary list of the tiger beetle species of Bolivia (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Cicindela 29(1 2): HARRIS R. A. 1979: A glossary of surface sculpturing. In: Andrews G. (ed.): Department of Food and Agriculture Division of Plant Industry, Sacramento. Occasional papers of Laboratory Services / Entomology 28: HORN W. 1892: Fünf Dekaden neuer Cicindeleten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1: HORN W. 1893: Bemerkungen und Nachträge zum Catalogue systematique des Cicindelidae par Fleutiaux (1893). Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 2: HORN W. 1895: Materiaux pour servir a l etude des Cicindelides. Annales de Museo nacional de Buenos Aires 4: HORN W. 1899: Ueber das System der Cicindeliden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift 1: HORN W. 1905: Systematischer Index der Cicindeliden. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, Beiheft pp HORN W. 1909: Contribution a l etude des Cicindelinae (Col.). Ann.Soc. Ent. Belg. 53: HORN W. 1910: Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Cicindelinae. In: WYTSMAN, P., Genera Insectorum 82, , plates HORN W. 1915: Coleoptera Adephaga, Fam. Carabidae, Subfam. Cicindelinae. In: WYTSMAN, P., Genera Insectorum 82, , plates HORN W. 1920: Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der schwedischen entomologischen Reise des Herrn Dr. A. Roman in Amazonas Arkiv för Zoologi 13: 1 4. HORN W. 1926, Carabidae, Cicindelinae. In: JUNK, W., SCHENKLING, S. (eds): Coleopterorum Catalogus 86, HORN W. 1931: Die Cicindelidenfauna von Bolivien. Revista de Entomologia 1: KLUG F. 1834: Uebersicht der Cicindeletae der Sammlung. Jahrbücher der Insectenkunde 1: 1 47, Tafel 1. LEDEZMA J. 2000: Guia de Camptode los escarabajostigre (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae) de Bolivia. Universidad Autónomo Gabriel René Moreno, Santa Cruz, Bolivia. LACORDAIRE J. T. 1842: Révision de la famille des Cicindélides de l ordre des Coléoptères. Quadart, Liége, 40 pp. [published in 1843 in Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége 1: However, reprints Quadart, Liége appeared in 1842]. LACORDAIRE J. T. 1843: Révision de la famille des Cicindélides (Cicindelidae) de l ordre des Coléoptères, accompagnée de la création de quelques genres nouveaux Mémoires de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liége, 1: LORENZ W. 1998a: Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta, Coleoptera, Geadephaga : Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Privately published, Tutzing, Germany, 502 pp. LORENZ W. 1998b: Nomina Carabidarum: a directory of the scientific names of ground beetles (Insecta,Coleoptera, Geadephaga : Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Privately published, Tutzing, Germany, 937 pp. LORENZ W. 2005a: Systematic list of extant ground beetles of the world (Insecta, Coleoptera, Geadephaga : Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae). Second edition. Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing, Germany, iv pp. LORENZ W. 2005b: Nomina Carabidarum: a directory of the scientific names of ground beetles (Insecta,Coleoptera, Geadephaga : Trachypachidae and Carabidae incl. Paussinae, Cicindelinae, Rhysodinae).Second edition. Wolfgang Lorenz, Tutzing, Germany, 937 pp. LUCAS P. H. 1857: Animaux nouveaux ou rares recueillis pendant l expédition dans les parties centrales de l Amérique du Sud, de Rio de Janeiro a Lima, et de Lima au Para. Entomologie. P. Bertrand, Paris. 204 pp pls. LYNCH ARRIBÁLZAGA E. 1878: Coleccion Holmbergiana. Descripción des géneros y especies nuevos ü poco conocidos, observaciones sinonímicas, notas críticas, etc. El Naturalista Argentino 1(10): MANDL, K. 1958: Neue Cicindeliden aus meiner Sammlung. 5. Bericht. Koleopterologische Rundschau 36: 23 32, 3 Tafeln. MORAVEC J. 2002: Tiger beetles of Madagascar 2. A monograph of the genus Physodeutera (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelství Kabourek, Zlín, 290 pp. 100

35 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. MORAVEC J. 2007: Tiger beetles of Madagascar 1. A monograph of the genus Pogonostoma (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Nakladatelství Kabourek, Zlín, 499 pp. MORAVEC J. 2010: Tiger beetles of the Madagascan Region (Madagascar, Seychelles, Comoros, Mascarenes, and other islands. Taxonomic revision of the 17 genera occurring in the region (Coleopterea: Cicindelidae). Biosférická rezervace Dolní Morava, o.p.s., Lednice na Moravì, Czech Republic, 429 pp. MORAVEC J. 2012a: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina in a new sense 1. Some changes in taxonomy and nomenclature within the genus Odontocheila (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 97(2): MORAVEC J. 2012b: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 2. Brzoskaicheila gen.nov., a new genus for Cicindela hispidula Bates, 1872, and Brzoskaicheila crassisculpta sp.nov. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 97(2): MORAVEC J. 2012c: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 3. Pentacomia (Mesacanthina) punctum (Klug) and P. (M.) ronhuberi sp.nov. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 97(2): MORAVEC J. 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of a subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 4. A new species and a new synonymy within the genus Odontocheila. (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(1): MORAVEC J. 2014: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense. 9. Odontocheila pentacomioides W. Horn, 1900 comb. restit.; O. cyanella pseudomargineguttata W. Horn, 1930 syn.nov., a junior synonym of O. spinipennis Chaudoir, Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 99(1): MORAVEC J. 2015: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 11. The genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Studies and Reports Taxonomical Series 11: MORAVEC J. & BRZOSKA D. 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 5. A new species of the genus Pentacomia from Costa Rica. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 98(1): MORAVEC J. & BRZOSKA D. 2014a: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense. 7. Pentacomia (Pentacomia) davidpearsoni sp.nov., a new species from Bolivia related to P. (P.) speculifera (Brullé) (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 99(1): MORAVEC J. & BRZOSKA D. 2014b: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense. 8. Redescription and lectotype designation of Pentacomia (Pentacomia) lanei (W. Horn), with a new record from Paraguay. Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 99(1): MORAVEC J. & BRZOSKA D. 2014c: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense 10. Odontocheila castelnaui species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Studies and Reports Taxonomical Series 10: MORAVEC J. & BRZOSKA D. 2015: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn in a new sense 12. Odontocheila angelsolisi spec.nov., O. mirekskrabali sp.nov. and related species of a newly proposed Odontocheila cajennensis species-group (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Musei Moraviae, Scientiae biologicae (Brno) 100(1): MORAVEC L. & DURAN D. P. 2013: Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense 6. Odontocheila fraternum sp.nov., a new species sister to O. gilli (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 53: NICHOLS S. W. 1989: The Torre-Bueno glossary of entomology, revised edition of Torre Bueno (Rollin J.) 1937: A glossary of entomology including Tulloch G. S. 1962: Supplement A. The New York Entomological Society, American Museum of Natural History, New York, 840 pp. PEARSON D. L., BUESTÁN J. & NAVARRETE R. 1999: The Tiger beetles of Ecuador: their Identification, Distribution and Natural History (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3:

36 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER PEARSON D. L., GUERRA J. F. & BRZOSKA D. W. 1999: The Tiger beetles of Bolivia: their Identification, Distribution and Natural History (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Contributions on Entomology, International 3: PEARSON D. L. & HUBER R. L. 1995: The tiger beetles of Pakitza, Madre de Dios, Peru: identification, natural history and a comparison to the Peruvian fauna (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). Cicindela 27(1/2): RIVALIER E. 1969: Démemberment du genre Odontochila (col. Cicindelidae) et Révision des principales espèces. Annales de la Société Entomologique de France (N. S.) 5: RIVALIER E. 1971: Remarques sur la tribu des Cicindelini (Col. Cicindelidae) et sa subdivision en sous-tribus. Nouvelle Revue d Entomologie 1: SARMIENTO J. A. V. 1963: Nueva combinacion sistematica para la especie Cicindela cribrata Br. Estudio de las supuestas sub-especies. Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Notas del Museo 20: SCHILDER F. A. 1953a: Studien zur Evolution von Cicindela. Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Martin-Luther- Universität Halle-Wittenberg 3: SCHILDER F. A. 1953b: Nomenklatorische Notizen zu Cicindela. Beiträge zur Entomologie 3: WIESNER J. 1992: Verzeichnis der Sandlaufkäfer der Welt. Checklist of the tiger beetles of the world (Coleoptera, Cicindelidae). Keltern, Verlag Erna Bauer, 364 pp. WIESNER J. 2000: The Tiger Beetles of Paraguay (Insecta: Coleoptera: Cicindelidae). 67th Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelidae. Coleoptera 4: WIESNER J. & BANDINELLI A. 2014: Notes on the tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) of Argentina Contribution towards the knowledge of Cicindelidae. Insecta Mundi 0377: ZERM M. & ADIS J. 2001a: Further observations on the natural history and survival strategies of riverine tiger beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from open habitats in Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Ecotropica 7: ZERM M. & ADIS J. 2001b: Spatio-temporal distribution of larval and adult Tiger Beetles (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) from open areas in Central Amazonian floodplains (Brazil). Studies on Neotropical Fauna and Environment 36: ZIKAN J. 1929: Zur Biologie der Cicindeliden Brasiliens. Zoologischer Anzeiger 82:

37 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs 1 5. Habitus of Mesacanthina. 1 2: M. cribrata (Brullé). 1, 6.1 mm, Bolivia, Beni, San Borja (CCJM); 2, 7.1 mm, Bolivia, Moxos, LT (SDEI); 3: M. argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga), 7.3 mm, Argentina, Salta (JWCW); 4 5: M. exigua (Lucas). 4, 6.2 mm, Hte. Amazone ST (MNHN); 5, 6 mm, Peru, Loreto, Rio Tapiche (DBCN). 103

38 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs 6 9. Habitus of Mesacanthina. 6: M. microtheres (Bates), 6.2 mm, Ecuador, Macas, NT (BMNH); 7: M. setopronotalis (W. Horn), 5.8 mm, Rio Juruá, HT (SDEI); 8: M. chalceola (Bates),, 6.2 mm, Peru, Padre Abad, NT (CMNH); 9: M. reductesignata (W. Horn), 7.4 mm, N. Argentina, Gran Chaco, LT (SDEI). 104

39 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs Mesacanthina cribrata (Brullé) head: 10, San Ramon (DBCN); 11, Moxos, LT (SDEI); 12 right mandible,, San Ramon (DBCN); labrum: 13, ibid.; 14, LT; pronotum: 15, Bolivia, PLT (SDEI); 16, LT; elytron: 17, Moxos, Rio Mamore (DBCN); 18, San Ramon (DBCN); 19, San Borja (DBCN); 20, LT. All from Bolivia. Bars = 1 mm. 105

40 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs Two species of Mesacanthina M. cribrata (Brullé): aedeagi: 21 Bolivia (SDEI); 22 Bolivia, Moxos, Rio Mamore (DBCN); 23 San Ramon (DBCN); showing internal sac in left and right lateral view, Moxos, Rio Mamore (DBCN); 26 two of original labels, LT M. argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga), aedeagi: 27 Argentina, Salta (JWCW); 28 ditto, apex in ventral view; 29 Bolivia, Abapo (DBCN); 30 Salta, (JWCW); 31 ibid., showing internal sac. Bars = 1 mm. 106

41 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs Mesacanthina argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga). 32 head,, Argentina, Salta, (JWCW); 33 right mandible, Salta, LT (SDEI); 34 mandibles,, Salta-Pocitos (JWCW); labrum: 35 36, Salta (JWCW); 37, ibid. (JWCW); 38, Salta-Pocitos (JWCW); 39 antennal scape, Salta (JWCW); elytron: 40 41, Bolivia, Abapo (DBCN); 42, Salta (JWCW); 43, Bolivia, Tarija (ASUT); 44, Salta-Pocitos (JWCW). Bars = 1 mm. 107

42 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs Two species of Mesacanthina M. argentina (Lynch Arribálzaga): elytron: 45, Argentina, Salta, LT (SDEI); 46, Salta-Pocitos (JWCW); pronotum: 47, Salta, (JWCW); 48, LT; 49 detail of pronotal surface,, Salta M. exigua (Lucas): elytron: 50, Hte Amazone, ST (MNHN); 51, Peru, Puente Camaron (DBCN); 52, Hte Amazone, Pebas (MNHN); pronotum: 53, Hte Amazone, ST (MNHN); 54, Hte Amazone, Pebas (MNHN). Bars = 1 mm. 108

43 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs Mesacanthina exigua (Lucas) : head: 55, Hte Amazone, ST (MNHN); 56, Peru, Rio Tapiche (DBCN); 57 mandibles,, Peru, Puente Camaron (DBCN); labrum: 58, Hte Amazone, ST (MNHN); 59, Peru, Rio Perene (DBCN); 60, Rio Tapiche (DBCN); 61, Hte Amazone, Pebas (MNHN); aedeagi: 62 Hte Amazone, ST (MNHN); 63 Rio Perene (CCJM); 64 Puente Camaron (DBCN); 65 internal sac, Rio Perene (CCJM); 66 ditto, right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm. 109

44 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs Mesacanthina microtheres (Bates) from Ecuador: 67 head,, Macas (Rio Upano) NT (BMNH); labrum: 68, NT; 69, Puyo-Macas (CCJM); pronotum: 70, NT; 71, Pastaza-Puyo (CMNH); aedeagi: 72 NT; 73 Puyo-Macas (CCJM); 74 ditto, ventral view; 75 Pastaza-Puyo (CMNH); ditto, internal sac (left and right lateral aspect); elytron: 78, NT; 79, Pastaza-Puyo (CMNH). Bars = 1 mm. 110

45 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs Mesacanthina chalceola (Bates) all from Peru: head: 80, Padre Abad, NT (CMNH); 81, Pasco, San Juan (DBCN); mandibles: 82, Chanchamayo (SDEI); 83, San Martin, Rioja (SDEI); 84, Vilcanota (SDEI); labrum: 85, NT; 86, Pasco, San Juan (DBCN); 87, Ricuri-Cocha (CMNH); elytron: 88, NT; 89, Pasco, San Juan (DBCN); 90 91, Chanchamayo (SDEI); 92, Ricuri-Cocha (CMNH). Bars = 1 mm. 111

46 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs Two species of Mesacanthina M. chalceola (Bates): pronotum: 93, Peru, Padre Abad, NT (CMNH); 94, Peru, Boca Manu Airstrip (DBCN); aedeagi: 95 Peru, Tambopata-Candamo (CCJM); 96 ditto, ventral view; 97 apex, NT; 98 internal sac, Tambopata- Candamo (CCJM); 99 ditto, dorsal view; 100 ditto, left lateral view M. setopronotalis (W. Horn): 101 pronotum,, Rio Juruá, HT (SDEI); labrum: 102, HT; 103, Rio Jurua (BMNH); aedeagi: 104 Rio Purus (CMNH); 105 apex, HT; 106 internal sac, Rio Purus (CMNH); 107 ditto, right lateral view; 108 head,, HT. Bars = 1 mm. 112

47 Revision Odontocheilina 13. Mesacanthina Rivalier, stat.nov. Figs Two species of Mesacanthina M. setopronotalis (W. Horn): 109 head,, Rio Jurua (BMNH); : elytron: 110, HT ; 111, Rio Purus (CMNH); 112, Rio Jurua (BMNH) M. reductesignata (W. Horn), elytron: 113, 7.4 mm, N. Argentina, Gran Chaco, LT (SDEI); 114, Argentina, Tucuman, PLT (SDEI); 115, type locality, PLT (SDEI); 116, Argentina, Rio Tunuyan (SDEI). Bars = 1 mm. 113

48 J. MORAVEC & R. L. HUBER Figs Mesacanthina reductesignata (W. Horn) all from Argentina: 117 head,, Corrientes, River Parana (CCJM); 118 pronotum,, N. Argentina, Gran Chaco, LT (SDEI); labrum: 119, LT; 120, Tucuman, PLT (SDEI); 121, type locality, PLT (SDEI); aedeagi: 122, LT; 123 San Pedro, Rio Lavayen (CCJM); 124 Corrientes, River Parana (CCJM); internal sac in left and right lateral view: River Parana (CCJM); Rio Lavayen (CCJM). Bars = 1 mm. 114