The Wildlife Picture Index (WPI): A tool for monitoring biodiversity in Mongolia
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1 The Wildlife Picture Index (WPI): A tool for monitoring biodiversity in Mongolia by Susan Townsend, Batbayar Galtbalt, & Munkhjargal Myagmar
2 Wildlife Picture Index (WPI): A tool for monitoring biodiversity in Mongolia NEMO2 & Zoological Society of London in cooperation with UNDP Altay Sayan Project & the Park Administration of Mongolia
3 Convention on Biological Diversity Goal: To reduce the current rate of loss of biodiversity for 2010 The Wildlife Picture Index will help Mongolia meets its commitment to monitor progress toward this goal
4 Mongolia: Facing rapid decline in wildlife populations Undergoing rapid social, environmental and economic change Increased illegal hunting and wildlife trade Red List for Mammals, initiated by World Bank, indicates that 79% of large ungulates and 12% of carnivores are listed as threatened with extinction (Clark et al. 2006)
5 WPI Methodology*: metric for biodiversity Uses geometric mean for biodiversity as recommended by Buckland et al Uses trends in occupancy, a surrogate measure of abundance Robust tool to monitor wildlife that accounts for variation in detectability Use of camera trapping technology that is affordable for landscape scale research Developed by world s leading experts led by ZSL and WCS but included WWF, Conservation International, and Flora and Fauna International *Obrien et al. 2010
6 In order to determine trends in biodiversity, WPI recommends that Camera stations placed systematically within fixed sampling blocks Placed along a gradient from most human influence to least Implemented annually for site based priority setting and management Implemented in different habitats and biological communities
7 WPI: What is it? Biodiversity based approach for monitoring medium to large terrestrial vertebrates using camera traps
8 Wildlife Picture Index: Wildlife monitoring using camera trapping 1. Establish a baseline of current biodiversity both inside and outside Protected Areas 2. Measure trends over time (increasing, decreasing or staying the same) 3. Can be used to assess impacts to biodiversity from land use change and other activities
9 Advantages of this approach Like having 100 trained biologists on site 24 hrs a day all summer Cost effective when compared to similar levels of effort based on cost analysis High initial cost off set by lower costs over time
10 Scoutguard 550* Trigger time s 50 ft sensor range Wide detection width 4-6 month battery range Uses 4 or 8 AA batteries *see for camera reviews
11 Methods: Camera Preparation & Set Up
12 Camera station maintenance
13 Completed to Date 1. Pilot study (Myangan Ugalzat 2009) 2. Illustrated Methods for camera trapping and Draft Monitoring Methods (Mongolian & English) 3. Camera Trapping Workshop by world expert, Tim O brien, Wildlife Conservation Society with over 54 participants at NUM (May 2010) 4. Implementation of WPI at three sites (~20,000 camera trap nights covering over 300 sq km) Summer Other monitoring at each site including avian point counts, small mammal trapping, bat acoustic monitoring and mist netting for birds Summer 2010
14 Level of effort Location Myangan Ugalzat 2009 Khonin Nuga 2010 Camera stations Area covered sq km 910 Number of trap nights sq km ~9000 Onon Balj 2010 Myangan Ugalzat sq km ~ sq km ~ Total sq km ~20,000
15 Myangan Ugalzat NP
16
17 Summary 2009 Picture Data site pics events empty Wildlife Livestock & Human In Park 8,155 2, (0.36) 142 (0.05) 1,588 Buffer Zone 6,255 2,085 1,585 (0.76) 302 (0.15) 121 Number of trap nights: BZ = 561, In Park = 349 Rates of Detecting Wildlife: BZ - 54 per 100 trap nights In park 41 per 100 trap nights
18 Avian Point Count Grids
19 Results: Avian Point Count d per sq km GrIA GrIB GrIIA GrIIB
20 Results: Bat Acoustic Monitoring
21 Camera Trapping Workshop NUM, UB May 2010
22 2010 WPI Site Locations
23 Khonin Nuga Habitat
24 Khonin Nuga Grid I
25 Khonin Nuga Lynx lynx
26 Khonin Nuga Ursus arctos
27 Khonin Nuga Grid I A3a
28 Khonin Nuga Sus scrofa
29 Khonin Nuga Grid I A3a
30 Khonin Nuga Cervus elaphus
31 Khonin Nuga Red Deer
32 Khonin Nuga Red Deer
33 Khonin Nuga Alces alces
34 Khonin Nuga Musk Deer
35 Khonin Nuga Capreolus pygargus
36 Khonin Nuga Roe Deer
37 Onon Balj Habitat
38 Onon Balj Damoiselle Crane & Young
39 Onon Balj Red Fox
40 Onon Balj Miscellaneous
41 Myangan Ugalzat Habitat
42 Myangan Ugalzat Buffer Zone Ibex
43 Myangan Ugalzat Buffer Zone Argali
44 Myangan Ugalzat Grid I Corsac Fox Vulpes corsac
45 Myangan Ugalzat Core Area Wolves
46 Myangan Ugalzat Red Fox Vulpes vulpes
47 Myangan Ugalzat Wild Cat Felis silvestris?
48 Myangan Ugalzat Grid I Manul
49 Myangan Ugalzat Core Area Marmot
50 Myangan Ugalzat Black vulture
51
52
53
54 Red List Species Species Common Name Red List Status Cervus elaphus Red deer Critically endangered Detected or expected Detected OB & KN Marmota sibirica Siberian marmot Endangered Detected OB Panthera uncia Snow leopard Endangered Not detected (MU only) Ovis ammon Argali sheep Endangered Detected MU Buffer Zone Gazella subgutturosa Goitered gazelle Vulnerable Not detected (MU) Lynx lynx Lynx NT Detected KN Otocolobus manul Manul cat NT Detected MU Canis lupus Wolf NT Detected MU Vulpes corsac Corsac NT Detected MU & OB Vulpes vulpes Red fox NT Detected MU & OB Capra sibirica Siberian ibex NT Detected MU Buffer Zone
55 Data Analysis 2010 Photographic Data >~450,000 photographs categorized Build occupancy tables for each species for each grid for each site (occupancy estimates) Need multiple years of data for trend analysis Avian Point Counts (Distance Analysis) Mist Netting Small Mammal Trapping Acoustic monitoring for bats
56 Myangan Ugalzat Community
57 Working with local community and park rangers
58 Goals To assess if Protected Areas are functioning to conserve biodiversity in Mongolia To implement a scientifically rigorous long term monitoring program to assess trends in biodiversity for Mongolia To compare with other WPI sites globally To document occupancy & distribution of rare birds and mammals
59 Future of WPI Implement at other sites in Mongolia Procure long term funding to continue yearly implementation of WPI Develop web interface for public access to data and photographs Use data to answer ecological questions about community structure
60 Mongolia as Leader in WPI Unparalleled effort in the world Leader in wildlife conservation and biodiversity using the latest technologies Allows Mongolia to show off their wildlife with the rest of the world Allows Mongolia to inspire country pride through images to an increasingly urbanized population Can be implemented by park rangers and local herders with oversight by Mongolian biologists
61 Logistical support provided by Myangan Ugalzat Park Administration: Khaisdavaa J., Director Galtsog, Park specialist Galbadrakh Ch., Tumurkhuyag D., Barsuren B., Park Rangers Chinbat D., Head of the PA of SPA around Khar Us Lake Munkhtur D., Tsetseg Soum Governor Onon Balj Park Administration: Tsendgombo O., Director Od, Park Specialist Sukhbaatar, Naranbold, Gansukh - Rangers Jamsranjav, Dadal Soum Governor
62 For logistical and field support WWF Mongolia Programme: UB Office Lkhagvasuren Badamjav, Conservation Director Batkhuyag Baldangombo, Mongolian Programme Manager Dadal Soum Field Office Chinbat Chimeddorj, Field Office Director Davaatsetseg Purevjav, PIU Administrative Officer Onon Balj
63 For Equipment Procurement and Logistical Support Myangan Ugalzat UNDP Onno van den Heuval, Programme Officer for Biodiversity Conservation Community-based Conservation of Biological Diversity in the Mountain Landscape of Mongolia s Altai Sayan Eco-region Project Batnasan Nyamsuren, National Project Manager Munkhbat Tserendorj, Biodiversity Conservation Officer Suvdchimeg U., Local Coordinator
64 Support for Khonin Nuga Khonin Nuga Ecological Research Station Michael Muhlenberg, Director / Prof. University of Gottingen Enkhmaa A., Station Manager Enkhtungalag L., Researcher Myagmarsuren D State inspector
65 Acknowledgements Steppe Forward Program, NUM Gombobaatar Sundev, Professor Wildlife Conservation Society Amanda Fine, Director, Mongolia Program Ochirkhuyag Lkhamjav, GIS Specialist
66 Acknowledgements OUR CREW: Tamir Mandakh, Team Leader/Biologist Amartuvshin Munkhjargal, Biologist Bayarmaa Purvee, Biologist Batbayar Bold, Ornithologist Sain-Erdene Tumenbayar, Biologist Baldan-Osor Bat-Erdene, Biologist Narantuya Ganbaatar, Intern Altantogtokh Doniddemberel, Intern Munkhdalai Sanjaa, Intern Shirnenbaatar Ganbat, Intern
67 KhoninNugaCrew
68 Myangan Ugalzat Crew
69 Onon Balj Crew 2010
70 Funded by NEMO2 (Netherlands), The Zoological Society of London & UNDP
71 Thanks for your attention
72 Outputs Final Reports distributed to Park Administration, MNET and other interested parties Biodiversity and species richness for 3 sites Occupancy statistics (distribution and abundance) for key species for 3 sites Comparison of biodiversity in different management areas within sites Present findings in peer reviewed venues such as conferences and journals Photographs and camera station results housed at biodiversity database in Mongolia Workshop with Park Administration, NGOs, others in Fall of 2011
73 Myangan Ugalzat Grid I Argali
74 Future Funding Resources >2011 National Science Foundation (NSF) Biodiversity Inventories Program (U.S Government) Private Foundation Grants such as Conservation Leadership Program, Whitley Award, People s Trust for Endangered Species, and Wildlife Conservation Network Convention on Biological Diversity s Lifeweb Grant UNESCO s World Heritage National Geographic Grants
75 Funding to date NEMO2/World Bank funding for logistics and salary support ZSL and UNDP have purchased all equipment including all camera stations SFP/ZSL have provided the use of their vehicles Conservation Leadership Award for a portion of logistical and equipment needs for one site
76 Mongolia s potential as a conservation leader Relatively intact ecosystems with wildlife species still present Wildlife persists country-wide (not just in Protected Areas) Traditional Mongolian lifestyles and traditions honor nature and wildlife Traditional Mongolian lifestyle is sustainable (low carbon footprint) Low population density not reliant on wildlife
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