The possibility of food and energy self-sufficiency in Hokkaido

Transcription

1 The possibility of food and energy self-sufficiency in Hokkaido TSUJI, Nobuyuki Sustainability Governance Project Hokkaido University ICSS 2009, Feb., 5-7, Tokyo 1

2 Hokkaido Sapporo Tokyo Furano Area: 83,456 [km 2 ] Population: 5.6 million (4% of Japan) Population Density: 71.8 [1/km 2 ] (Japan; 343 [1/km 2 ]) Average temperature: 8.8 [ ] (Tokyo;16.2 [ ]) Average rain fall: 1,145 [mm] Food reproduction rate in Japan - wheat 61%, - onions 54% - milk 47% - fisheries 25% 2

3 Comparison in energy and food Japan Hokkaido Furano Denmark Population 127mil. 5.6mil. 25thou. 5.4mil. energy selfsufficiency renewable energy food selfsufficiency 6.1% 7.9% 0 155% 2.6% 4.1% % 39% 195% 770% 300% 3

4 Renewable Portfolio Standard, Japan 1. This law came in force in The Japanese Government requested that all electric power companies in Japan should generate and/or buy electricity generated by new energies (wind-power, solar, geothermal heat, small hydropower and biomass energy) 3. All electric power companies generate and/or buy 12.2 billion Kwh/year until 2010, but this is only 1.35 % of total electrical energy produced. 4

5 Mega Solar Power Station Wakkanai, Hokkaido (now under construction) KW 5

6 Cape Erimo ( 襟裳岬 ) Annual average wind speed 8.2 m/sec (= 30 Km/h) 6

7 Recently constructed Wind-power stations in Hokkaido Date Est. Location Output(Kw) No.of Wind. total output(kw) Mar, 2006 Hamanaka Dec., 2005 Setana Nov.,2005 Wakkanai Sep.,2005 Hamatonbetsu Feb., 2005 Ishikari Feb., 2005 Ishikari Dec.,2004 Nemuro Dec.,2003 Suttu Dec.,2003 Setana Mar, 2003 Ezan Mar, 2002 Ezan Oct., 2001 Wakkanai Oct., 2001 Nemuro Apr., 2001 Wakkanai Apr., 2001 Atsuta Apr., 2001 Kobira No. of wind-turbines in Hokkaido: 269 (258 million Kw)(2008) 7

8 Wind power station at Horonobe Town 28 turbines. Total output : 21000KW 8

9 A lot of snow in Hokkaido Snow festival in Sapporo Our office 9

10 Cooling by Snow and Ice snow stock Warehouse snow fan stock Warehouse snow water heat exchange unit water cool wind Air conditioning 63 facilities in Hokkaido (2008) 10

11 Biomass Nippon (policy enforcement ) Purposes of policy enforcement 1. Prevention of global warming 2. Establishment of a recycle-based society 3. Foundation of new industries 4. Activation of agriculture, forestry and fisheries 11

12 3 Environmental Laws Livestock Excrement Law - appropriately dealing with excrement. Fertilizer Regulation Law - registration of fertilizers made from waste materials Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture Law - reduction of chemical fertilizer usage 12

13 Livestock excrement gas plant No. of plants in Hokkaido: 23 Biogas plant in Hokkaido Univ. 13

14 Biomass energy in Dairy Industry (potential in Furano) animal feed (not considered) Invested fossil energy 7[TJ] No. of Cows 5400 Excrement 81[Kton] Biomass energy 100[TJ] 100% fermentation (calorific power) 14

15 Biomass energy in Organic Waste (potential in Furano) food (not considered) Invested fossil energy 675[TJ] Furano citizens Organic waste 2.7[Kton] Biomass energy 41[TJ] 100% fermentation (calorific power) 15

16 Biomass energy in Rice production (potential in Furano) fertilizer (not considered) Invested fossil energy 7.5[TJ] Rice fields 776 [ha] Rice 4190[tons] Rice straw( 稲わら ) 4316[tons] Rice hulls ( 籾殻 ) 1397[tons] Biomass energy 43[TJ] 37% 75% calorific power 16

17 Biomass energy in Wheat production (potential in Furano) fertilizer (not considered) Invested fossil energy 13.8[TJ] Wheat fields 1950 ha Wheat Wheat straw 7664[tons] 6968[tons] Biomass energy 27[TJ] 34% calorific power 17

18 Energy recycling does not exist in Furano. Fossil fuel (presently) 858[TJ] 183[TJ] 675[TJ] Livestock Rice Wheat Onions Carrots Sweet Corn food Furano citizens RDF 55[TJ] 18

19 Energy Recycling and natural energy in Furano (Potential ability) 83[TJ] Fossil fuel 581[TJ] 497[TJ] Livestock 1000 solar 12[TJ] 7[TJ] 41[TJ] 55[TJ] Rice Wheat Onions Carrots Sweet Corn 93[TJ] 70[TJ] food Furano citizens RDF Energy self-sufficiency rate 32% 19

20 In Summary Source input fossil energy [TJ] recycled energy [TJ] livestock rice wheat organic waste R.D.F. 55 Solar power (3.75Kw*1000 homes) Energy self sufficiency rate [TJ]=32% 20

21 High energy self-sufficient sufficient Region regions in Hokkaido Self-sufficiency rate Energy source Tomamae town 528% Wind power Sobetsu town 254% Small hydro power *) Rankoshi town 224% Small hydro power *) Horonobe town 192% Wind power Niseko town 183% Small hydro power *) Aibetsu town 134% Small hydro power *) Mori town 123% Geothermal power Chiba Univ. (2008) Sustainable zone *) under 10 thou. Kw 21

22 Biomass Nitrogen (N) in Dairy (potential in Furano) animal feed (not considered) Invested N 91 [tons] No. of Cows 5400 Excrement 81 [Ktons] Biomass N 316 [tons] 100% fertilizer 22

23 Biomass Nitrogen in organic waste (potential in Furano) food (not considered) Furano citizens 25,000 Organic waste 2.7[Ktons] Biomass N 17 [tons] fertilizer 100% 23

24 Nitrogen (N) Recycling in Furano (Potential ability) 315[tons] Chemical N Livestock 91[tons] Rice Wheat Onions Carrots Sweet Corn 225[tons] 17[tons] food Furano citizens N self-sufficiency rate 50% 24

25 outside food Furano (presently) fossil energy food processing factory outside food production (agriculture part) food production fertilizer compost factory organic waste fuel waste fuel factory consumption (urban part) food consumption waste R.D.F Furano 25

26 Recycling in Furano natural energy (solar) food food production (agriculture part) fertilizer material (waste) energy compost factory food processing factory energy factory (biogas, R.D.F) fuel residue food production energy material production (organic waste) material (waste) energy consumption (urban part) food consumption waste Additional biomass energy fuel plant, wood pellet Furano 26

27 Expansion to Hokkaido (complementary combination) major forestry region city forestry agriculture city major agriculture region city fishery major fishery region city dairy major dairy region 27

28 Food production in agriculture needs energy Diesel consumption in Furano city 300 [L / ha/year] Animal feed and fertilizer are invested when we produce food. Thus, we should investigate both energy and food at the same time. Onion harvesting in Furano City, Hokkaido 28

29 Acknowledgements Prof. M. Osaki Prof. N.Tanaka, Dr. T. Sato Sustainability Governance Project, Hokkaido University 29