Ports This section covers the function of the port, ports of Korea, and other major ports of the world.

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1 Ports This section covers the function of the port, ports of Korea, and other major ports of the world. Port of Donghae There are 14 Class I ports near Port of Donghae. Sixty-eight fishing villages in Gangweondo and Lake Soyang, Lake Euiam, Chuncheon, and Lake Paro, Hwacheon also belong to the same jurisdiction. 1.Port of Sokcho: Port of Sokcho has the water area of 1,362km2 from the east end of Biseonjang to the south including the Lake Cheongcho. Allaska pollack, squid, saury, and small Allaska Pollack are caught and carried to this Class I port. 2.Port of Jumunjin: Jumunjin is the largest port around Gangneung area and was designated as one of the principal ports of the East Coast by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries. Squid, Hypoptychus dybowskii, Alaska pollack are caught in the sea around this port. Saury is caught in March through June, and squid is caught from April through December, while Alaska pollack is caught from October through the next March. The incandescent lamplights from the squid-fishing boats make the port a great city of light at night. 3.Port of Okgye Okgye is an important port of trade for the cement industry of the area. In the autumn, salmon flock to the Jusucheon Creek, close to the port, and swim upstream. 4.Port of Mukho Even as early as 4:30 in the morning, Port of Mukho is wide awake: Trucks and cars from Seoul, Gyeonggido, and Gangweondo flock to the port to pick up the freshest catch. Early morning from 5 to 8 is a convenient time for shopping. Sometimes, you can buy 20 live squids for 12,000 Won and enjoy the fresh squid sashimi or bring them home. Port of Pohang Located at the southeastern part of the Korean Peninsula, Port of Pohang has a good natural harbor. Since its opening as a foreign trade port in June 1962, Pohang has served a gateway to the Daegu and Gyeongbuk areas and contributed to the national economy. The port handles 48 million tons of import and export cargo annually, and the new port at Yeongil Bay is currently under construction. Port of Pohang consists of the quay to handle raw material for Pohang Iron and Steel Industry Company (POSCO) and related industrial complex, the New Harbor with 8 piers, the Old Harbor with Songdo and Dongbin Wharves, which serve the pasenger vessels and deal with sand and oil and, and the New Port at Yeongil Bay, which is under construction.

2 The Old Harbor of Pohang The Old Harbor of Pohang is divided into the passenger wharf, Songdo Wharf and Dongbin Wharf. It handles 1,500 tons of cargoes, mainly cement and oil. It is the only shelter port at the East Coast at the time of typhoons. Songdo Wharf As the shipping base of cement and oil, the wharf handles 1,500 tons of cargoes annually at its 5 quays with the berthing capacity of 2,000 to 5,000 DWT. Dongbin Wharf: It is used as the harbor for vessels of official use, freighters bound for Ulleungdo, and small fishing boats. Passenger Wharf: The passenger terminal for Ulleungdo is located and the quay has 2 berths for vessels of 3,000 DWT and 1 berth for vessels of 5,000 DWT The New Port of Pohang The only foreign trade port in Gyeongbuk area, the New Port has 8 piers including the pier for raw material and the pier for product shipping. The port has the annual cargo handling capacity of 38 million tons. The ship as large as 250,000 tons can berth, and its main import items include iron ore, soft coal, and limestone, while its principal export is steel products. Port of Ulsan Introduction Originally Yeompo, one of the three ports which were opened in 1426 for the purpose of trading with Japan, Port of Ulsan was opened in 1963 as the first industrial port in Korea. Port of Onsan and Mipo Bay were incorporated to Port of Ulsan in The port has fine natural geographic conditions, and the industrial complex is located behind. Main Port of Ulsan The government-managed wharf is the most important facility of Port of Ulsan, which supports Ulsan and Onsan Industrial Complexes as well as handles all kinds of general cargoes. Exclusive Terminals Port of Ulsan is the largest port in Korea that handles oils and has the exclusive terminals to handle the exported automobiles and other cargoes. Currently, another exclusive terminal is under construction. Port of Onsan Port of Onsan supports the non-steel industry and petro-chemical industry of the Onsan Industrial Complex. As the volume of cargo is expected to increase greatly due to the newly built and expanded manufacturing facilities, the port facilities are also being enlarged to accommodate the increased cargoes.

3 Port of Mipo Mipo Port, which supports the shipbuilding industry, has 7 dry docks, and 6,536m quay wall and 280m of berthing quay wall. The ship as large as one million DWT can be built here. The History of Port of Ulsan Before the Bronze Age--The fact that Ulsan was the base of maritime activities is well illustrated by the petroglyph at Bangudae. The Samhan Period--The iron ore mined from Dalcheon Village, Nongsodong, was exported to Japan. Silla Period--Sapo (presently Taehwadong) and Gaeunpo (presently Hwangseongdong) were the main ports of trade. Goryeo Period--The frequent invasion of Japanese pirates devastated the Ulsan area and weakened the maritime activities. Joseon Period--Three ports including Yeompo were opened for the purpose of the official trade with Japan in The late Joseon Period--Present--Jangsaengpo became the base of whalecatchers, and Bangeojin became the fishing port. Port of Ulsan as a modern port September 25, 1963 The area was designated as the port to be opened. It developed as an industrial port supporting the largest heavy chemical industrial complex in Korea September 1973 Onsan Bay was incorporated to Port of Ulsan. November 12, 1976 Mipo Bay was incorporated to Port of Ulsan. August 28, 1992 Container liners were placed in commission New Port of Ulsan is under construction.

4 Port of Masan Masan Free Trade Zone and major industrial bases including Changweon, Gumi, Hyeonpung, and Sangpyeong Industrial Complex are located in the hinterland of Masan Port, which has a lot of potential with one million population in Masan, Changweon and Jinhae areas. Low logistics cost --Exempt from the container yard development tax on containers. --Container freight and container ships are given 80% discount of the port dues and wharfage fees. --Reduced container terminal fee (15% lower than other ports) --Container storage fee CFG is reduced 30%. Convenient facilities --Demurrage rate of 0% guaranteed. --The on-site customhouse can reduce the time for clearance. An all-weather port --The naturally good condition of the port enables vessels to berth and unload even in bad weathers. General Wharf The berthing facility, which enables eight vessels of 20,000 DWT and 5 small and medium size vessels to berth and unload simultaneously, supports the industrial complexes in the hinterland. By 2011, when the extended development of Masan Port will be completed, 20 more berths with the maximum capacity of 30,000 DWT will be constructed to serve not only the Masan Free Trade Zone and Changweon Industrial Complex but also the industrial facilities in the central Korea. Main cargoes handled at Masan Port include steel, lumber, materials for machinery, plants, agricultural and marine products, and miscellaneous goods. Compared with other ports, Port of Masan do not have delay of vessels or cargoes, and its exclusive terminals can lower the cost for logistics. Container Terminal Jeokhyeon Pier, or Pier 4 of Masan Port, has the facility on which 5 vessels of 20,000 DWT can berth simultaneously as well as the container unloading facility with one G/C, one LLC, 45,000m2 container yard, and 1 CFS. It can unload 42 VAN per hour and 100,000 TEU per year, and the annual cargo handling capacity for the present is about 30 to 40 thousand TEU. The container routes between Korea and Japan are open 4 times a week, and the container routes between Korea and India, and between Korea and Egypt are open once a month. In the future, the routes to Southeast Asia, Poland, and Japan will turn Port of Masan into a hub port for the container ships. Car Terminal Jeokhyeon Pier, or Pier 4 of Masan Port, exported 150,000 automobiles in 1998, and is expected to export 250,000 automobiles in Main export areas include Europe, Central and South Americas, and Middle East, and 87% of the subcompact

5 cars were exported to Europe via Masan Port. Its low cost and no congestion or delay of vessels or cargoes makes freighters prefer Masan port to other ports. Two hundred fifty automobiles can be loaded per hour. Exclusive Cargo Terminal Port of Masan operates 7 exclusive cargo terminals in order to specialize in logistics by the characteristics of the cargoes. --Pochul (Pohang Iron and Steel Company) Pier for steel and iron goods --Pier for materials for machinery for Samsung Heavy Industry --SK and LG Piers for petroleum --Cement Piers for Dongyang Cement, RH Cement, and Ssangyong Cement have been completed or are being constructed. --Construction of other exclusive cargo terminals by private investment is being planned. Yeosu Port Yeosu/Gwangyang Port, located in the south of Korea, has an unlimited growth potential. The world-class Gwangnyang Works of POSCO is situated in the north of the port, and Yeocheon Petroleum Chemical Industrial Complex is south of the port. On the westside of the port, Yulchon Regional Industrial Complex is in the course of construction to station automobile industry and metal assembly shops. The container terminal, completed as the first stage of terminal construction in December 1997, can dock four 50,000 ton vessels and handle 960,000 TEU annually. By 2001, 8 berths will be added and by 2011, 12 more berths will be constructed to serve Yeosu, the hub port of the Northeast Asia. Brief History Yeosu Port opened Pier 3 of Yeosu Port was completed Samil Port opened Yeocheon Industrial Complex began to operate ~ 1979 Gwangyang Port was renewed, and Nakpo Pier was completed ~ 1985 The first Product Terminal was completed at Gwangyang Port ~ 1987 Raw Material Terminal was completed at Gwangyang Port Gwangyang Works of POSCO began to operate Gwangyang Port opened incorporated with Samil Port The construction of the First Yulchon Regional Industrial Complex started The first stage for the Gwangyang Container Terminal was completed Gwangyang Container Wharf opened. With the opening of the Gwangyang Container Terminal, Yeosu Port, which boasts of the largest cargo handling capacity in Korea, is emerging as the hub trade port in Northeast Asia.

6 Mokpo Port 1. Location Mokpo Port in Mokpo City, Jeollanamdo, is Class 1 port, which consists of Main Port and North Port. 2. Brief History Mokpo Port, which opened as a trade port on October 16, 1897, has a long history. Its main harbor, located at the southwestern end of Korea, opened as one of the three ports in the Honam area with Gunsan and Yeosu. As the gateway to the area, Mokpo has been the center of life for the residents of small islands around Mokpo, and is currently an important trade port, which connects Jeju Island with Busan Port. 3. Present Status Located at the southwestern end of Korea, the inner harbor of Mokpo Port consists of Samhakdo Pier, which handles the import and export freight, and the passenger wharf, which provides transportation to the southwestern sea. North Harbor has a shipbuilding area and the facility for fishing ships. Daebul Harbor was constructed to support Daebul Industrial Complex, Yeongam National Industrial Complex, and Samho Regional Industrial Complex, and to be served for the routes to China and Northeast Asia.

7 Gunsan Port This section covers the function of the port, ports of Korea, and other major ports of the world. Incheon Port 1.Its Opening Incheon Port was opened following Busan and Weonsan on February 27, 1883, when Joseon was beginning to give up its previous policy and to open its door to western countries.

8 Incheon Port was originally a small fishing village, called Jemulpo, however, with the opening of the port, Incheon began to take the central place in political, diplomatic, military and economic activities with Japan and Ching, and transformed into an international port. 2.Its Development In spite of its geographic importance, Port of Incheon has a physical defect that the tidal range reaches as much as 10 m. In order to overcome this defect, the tidal basin was necessary. Starting in June 1911, the modern dock facility, which enabled ships to pass regardless of the tides, was completed in As the 5-year Economic Development Plan went into gear, the importance of developing Incheon Port emerged, and after 8 years' construction, the port was equipped with the huge lock system, the only kind in the East, which can permit vessels of 50,000 DWT regardless of the tidal range. 3.The Era of the West Sea and Incheon Port In the 1880s, at the time of Incheon's first opening, 80% of import and export accounted for trade with China, however, due to the Chino-Japanese War in the 1930's and World War II, the quantity of cargo handled at Incheon sharply decreased as the relation with China was alienated. In 1986 as trade with China increased and Incheon became the center port of Korea's Northern Policy, the quantity of cargo handled at Incheon Port increased again. Incheon Port is expected to carry out the role of the gateway to the capital region as well as the key port in continental trade in the 21st century. The harbor facility will be expanded to handle 69 million tons in 2011 from annual 36 million tons of 1993, and the berthing capacity will rise to 190 bessels, five times larger than the present. For more information on Port of Incheon, please visit Incheon Regional Maritime Affairs and Fisheries Office at