3 Ecotourism in the Islands
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- Beverley Cross
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1 3 Ecotourism in the Islands Ecotourism Sites & Activities Bantayan Island, the Camotes Group of Islands and President Carlos P. Garcia Island have a diverse range of high quality natural and man-made attractions, which are ideal for ecotourism development. Its attractions include an extensive system of protected areas such as coral reefs, marine parks and mangrove forests; fine white sand beaches; coves; caves; waterfalls, and; historical sites that could easily be packaged into viable tourism products. At present, tourism activities are limited to the following: rest & relaxation, nature tours, trekking, biking, homestay, and festival celebration. Natural Resource Base The islands' natural resource base comprises mostly of marine and coastal resources, such as marine sanctuaries, coral reserves, beaches, seascapes, caves and mangrove areas. Measures to protect some of the potential ecotourism sites such as the marine protected areas are already in place. Local legislations such as the Municipal Fisheries and Coastal Resource Management Code and the Clean and Green Ordinance are some of the local initiatives taken to protect the coastal resources of the islands. A number of task forces have also been created to ensure the protection of the marine sanctuaries. There is a need though to strengthen some of the measures. Even with the presence of the bodies, violations threaten these protected areas. Marine Protected Areas. The islands boast of successfully-implemented and managed marine protected areas. By virtue of enacted ordinances, the islands have established 56 marine sanctuaries/protected areas, covering more than 1,000 hectares. Almost half (25) of the marine protected areas are found in Bantayan Island. Another 22 are found in President C.P. Garcia Island and 9 in Camotes Island (see Table 3). The Marine Protected Areas are home to hundreds of marine flora and fauna species including coral reserves. These sanctuaries are potential ecotourism sites for snorkelling, diving, and fish feeding. Although marine resource conservation was the primary reason for establishing the marine protected areas (MPA), the tourism industry could benefit from the MPAs and put more justification for their maintenance. If managed well, tourism could contribute to the economic gains of the MPAs in the islands as well as boost their conservation. 12 P a g e
2 Table 3. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Camotes Group of Islands and President C.P. Garcia Island MPA Location Covered Barangay/s Total Area Camotes Group of Islands 1. Pilar Municipal Marine Park (PMMP) Pilar Lower Poblacion and Villahermosa hectares 2. Libertad Marine Sanctuary Poro Libertad 33 hectares 3. Esperanza Marine Protected Area Poro Esperanza 42 hectares 4. Santiago MPA San Francisco Santiago 18 hectares 5. San Isidro MPA San Francisco San Isidro 48 hectares 6. Esperanza MPA San Francisco Esperanza 12 hectares 7. Consuelo MPA San Francisco Consuelo 38.6 hectares 8. Puertobello MS Tudela Puertobello 39 hectares 9. Villahermosa MS Tudela Villahermosa 69 hectares President Carlos P. Garcia Island 1. Aguining Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Aguining hectares 2. Bonbonon Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Bonbonon hectares 3. Campamanog Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Campamanog 9.77 hectares 4. Canmangao Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Canmangao 5.35 hectares 5. Kabangkalan Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Kabangkalan 2.99 hectares 6. Tilmobo Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Tilmobo 2.17 hectares 7. Tugas Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Tugas hectares 8. Gaus III Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Gaus 9.59 hectares 9. Lipata Marine Protected Area II President C.P.Garcia Lipata 10 hectares 10. Bantigue Island Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Butan N/A 11. Bantigue-an Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Saguise N/A 12. Basiao Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Basiao N/A 13. Baud Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Baud N/A 14. Bogo Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Bogo N/A 15. Datag Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Popoo N/A 16. Gaus I Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Gaus N/A 13 P a g e
3 MPA Location Covered Barangay/s Total Area 17. Gaus II Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Gaus N/A 18. Pong-Gamay Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Lapinig N/A 19. Santo Rosario Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Santo Rosario N/A 20. Sidlakan Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Saguise N/A 21. Talisay Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Pitogo N/A 22. Villa Milagrosa Marine Sanctuary President C.P.Garcia Villa Milagrosa N/A Sources: Local Government Units of Bantayan and Camotes Islands Mangroves. Several areas in the islands have been dedicated to mangrove plantations. The more important mangrove sites are those found in Bantayan Island. The mangrove sites in the Municipality of Madridejos cover a total area of hectares while that in the Municipality of Bantayan cover 90 hectares. Potential activities in the area include kayaking, boating, and fishing. Beaches. The islands' coastal areas are characterized by either strips of white sand beaches or limestone crags. Both offer good sites for swimming and seascape scenery. The islands have also several islets that have potential for island hopping activities. Bantayan Island where tourism is already an emerging industry is particularly popular among domestic and foreign visitors for its white and sandy beaches and clear seawaters. The Municipality of Santa Fe boasts of a 17.5 kilometer stretch of pristine sandy beaches. Hence, the municipality is host to numerous beach resorts in the island. Beach resort in Bantayan Island, Cebu Caves. The islands have a good number of caves that are ideal for adventure tours such as spelunking. Waterfalls. Waterfalls is another attraction found in Camotes Island. The Municipality of Tudela have two waterfalls and the Municipality of Poro has a waterfall. 14 P a g e
4 Lakes. Lake Danao in the Municipality of San Francisco, Camotes Island is one of the most scenic lakes in the Philippines. It is the only freshwater lake in Cebu and the second cleanest lake in the country. Given its relatively large area (approximately 500 hectares) and the fact that no fish cage has been constructed within the lake, it could be a very good place for fishing and cruising. Lake Danao, which is home to a variety of wildlife species, is also ideal for picnics. Cultural Resources Cultural resources include historical sites, festivals, and traditional practices. Historical Sites. The Islands of Bantayan, Camotes and President C.P. Garcia are not only home to many natural attractions but also host a number of historical sites. An assessment of these sites, however, needs to be conducted to determine the extent of their potential as ecotourism products. Festivals. Festivals are common attractions in the Philippines that showcase the cultural heritage of the locals. As these festivals were able to attract tourists in many areas, they could also be used in the case of the islands to promote tourism. Cultural Practices. Some handicraft industries are unique to the islands that could be developed to become the islands' niche market in cultural tourism. Such type of tourism product, which could be developed further to allow tourists to personally experience the actual production, is gaining popularity in the global tourism scene. Soli-soli Festival of San Francisco, Camotes Island, Cebu (Photo by Enrico Dee) 15 P a g e
5 Ecotourism Facilities & Services Accommodation. Considering that the tourism industry in the islands (except Bantayan Island) is still in its early stage of development, facilities to support the industry are limited in terms of capacity and type. Most of the ecotourism sites are still largely without accommodation facilities. In President C.P. Garcia Island, which is the least developed among the 3 island groups, there are only two beach resorts that provide accommodation. These resorts are quite small, capable of hosting a total of 22 guests. In Camotes Island where tourism is slowly being developed, only about 100 rooms are available in the entire island. Homestays, however, have been organized in some municipalities to address the lack of accommodation facilities in the area. In Bantayan Island where tourism is already an emerging industry, accommodation facilities are available for tourists in all the three municipalities. Most of the hotels, resorts and restaurants, however, are concentrated in the Municipality of Santa Fe where the best beaches are found. Among the tourist accommodation facilities in Santa Fe are six (6) class A resorts, eight (8) class B and C resorts, and 18 rest houses or cottages built along the shoreline. Accommodation is not the only facility that needs to be put up if the islands are to be developed into world-class ecotourism destinations. Adequate auxiliary facilities and services such as rescue and medical facilities & services, banks, tour and transport services, restaurants and entertainment facilities, reception/information centers, and public restrooms must also be provided. Dining. Among the three groups of islands, Bantayan Island has the most number of dining places and entertainment facilities for tourists. Many of these are located within the premises of the resorts/ hotels. Camotes Island, for its part, has limited choices of restaurants and entertainment facilities. President C.P. Garcia has no such facilities for tourists. Reception/ information centers are not available within the tourism sites. Medical Services. In Camotes Island, there is only one 25-bed capacity hospital based in the Municipality of San Francisco. Likewise, in President C.P. Garcia Island, there is a 10-bed capacity hospital. All of the municipalities in the 3 island groups, however, have rural health units (RHU) that are staffed with a doctor, nurses, and midwives. The health care services offered in the RHUs are limited to general consultations. For extreme medical cases, patients are usually brought to hospitals in mainland Cebu or Bohol, which are better equipped to handle more complicated medical cases. Organized professional and volunteer rescue services within the islands are non-existent. The local government units through their Barangay and Municipal Disaster Risk Reduction Management Councils (B/MDRRMC) spearhead rescue operations during emergencies and calamities. While the barangay volunteers have undergone short trainings on rescue and disaster risk reduction, there is a need to hone their capabilities further to conduct rescue operations. Providing support to the barangay volunteers and civilians is the Philippine National Police. 16 P a g e
6 Banking. Banking services, which are among the basic services expected in tourist destinations, are wanting in Camotes and President C.P. Garcia Island. There is only one bank in Camotes Island situated in the Municipality of Poro. The bank, however, provides automatic teller machine (ATM) services; hence, certain bank transactions may be availed even beyond banking hours. In Bantayan Island, banking services are more plentiful compared to that in the other islands. Allied Bank, Aspac, and the Bantayan Rural Bank have branches in the island. Financial services are also available through the Western Union, Palawan Pawnshop, and several money changer outlets. Transportation. Tour and transport services in the islands are very much lacking. The Island of President C.P. Garcia where tourism is still undeveloped has no such service for tourists. In Camotes Island, there is no locally-based tour operator to service the needs of tourists visiting the islands. The developing tourism industry in Camotes Island relies on tour operators based in mainland Cebu to service the tourists who visit the island. Inland transportation in the Islands of Camotes and President C.P. Garcia are limited and uncomfortable. The public utility motorcycle, known locally as habal-habal, is the main mode of transportation within the islands. Although the habal-habal can carry only two to three adult passengers, it can reach any point in the islands. A few public utility jeepneys also ply certain routes in Camotes Island especially those routes that cut across municipalities. The trips however are not regular and are far in-between. In contrast, Bantayan Island has a fairly developed transportation system. Public utility jeepneys, for-hire vehicles, tricyles, habal-habal and trisikads are plentiful to service the transportation needs of the populace. In the case of inter-island travel particularly between the islands and mainland Cebu or Bohol, sea transport is the main if not sole mode of transportation. Although an airstrip, which can accommodate small airplanes is present in Camotes Island (Municipality of San Francisco) and Bantayan Island (Municipality of Santa Fe), only chartered flights are serviced by the airstrips. Travel time from Mactan, Cebu to Bantayan Island is approximately 30 minutes. Motorized bancas, ferryboats and fast crafts are available daily to transport passengers and cargo by sea to and from the islands to mainland Cebu or Bohol. Travel time from Camotes Island to Danao (Cebu), Mandaue or Cebu City is approximately 3 to 4 hours in the case of motorized bancas or ferryboats, and 2 hours in the case of fast crafts (Cebu City to Camotes Island). There are also boats plying the Ormoc (Leyte) Tudela (Camotes Island) route. Bantayan Island, for its part, can be reached through an overnight sea trip by ferryboat from Cebu City. The traveler has also an option to take the 3-hour bus ride from Cebu City to the north of Cebu, to the Municipality of San Remegio and from there catch the ferryboat for the one hour trip to the island. Boat trips are also available between Bantayan Island and Masbate. In the case of the Island of President C.P. Garcia, motorized bancas ply daily the President C.P. Garcia - Ubay (Bohol) route, President C.P. Garcia - Lo-oc, Mandaue City (Cebu) route, and President C.P. Garcia Bato (Leyte) route. Since sea travel is the only means for common travelers to reach the islands, accessibility is a major issue in the efforts of the local governments to develop the islands' ecotourism industry. Sea travel is affected by seasonal weather conditions. The Amihan (northeasterly winds) which occurs from October to February usually brings high sea waves that could make sea travel uncomfortable to passengers. 17 P a g e
7 Ecotourism Stakeholders The ecotourism industry has a wide variety of stakeholders. They include the national government, local governments, non-government organizations, and private enterprise operators. The following are the roles performed by the major stakeholders. National Government. On 17 June 1999, the national government passed Executive Order No. 111 declaring as a policy the development of ecotourism in the Philippines. Following this declaration, the national government through the various government agencies coordinated the preparation of tourism development plans and the conduct of tourism promotional activities. The National Ecotourism Strategy for the Philippines (July 2002) and the Sustainable Tourism Management Plan for the Central Philippines (December 2007) have identified a number of sites in Bantayan Island and the Camotes Group of Islands as potential key ecotourism sites in the country and batted for their development. The recognition of Camotes Island as an emerging important tourist destination in the country was especially reaffirmed by the national government when it named the island as the new iconic product in Central Visayas. With the inclusion of Bantayan and Camotes Islands in the national government's plans for ecotourism development, marketing them as major ecotourism destinations should not be as much a problem. In the case of President C.P. Garcia Island in Bohol, while the island municipality is not specifically mentioned as a key ecotourism site in the country's tourism plans, the whole province of Bohol is recognized as an important ecotourism destination which can also benefit President C.P. Garcia Island. The Department of Tourism (DOT) is coordinating the development and government marketing of the ecotourism sites and products of the Philippines, the Central Visayas Islands included. DOT is also involved in standard setting for the industry. Aside from policy setting and promoting the ecotourism sites, the national government is in the forefront of protecting the natural and cultural resources of the country. In particular, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) together with the Protected Area Management Boards (PAMBs) oversee the development and management of the protected areas of which the small islands are critical components. As protected areas, no development is allowed to be undertaken in these areas unless approved by DENR and the PAMBs. Among the more recent initiatives of the national government to develop and promote ecotourism in the small islands of Central Visayas was the implementation of the Philippine Environmental Governance Project or egov Project. The egov Project, a technical assistance project of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), facilitated the formulation of the Destination Development Plan for the Camotes Sea. The plan provides a broad framework for the development of the Camotes Group of Islands as an ecotourism destination. The assistance of the national government especially DOT and DENR in developing the islands' ecotourism industry continues to be needed particularly in the following areas: capacitybuilding for the local government units on ecotourism planning, product development, standards setting, monitoring and administration of ecotourism activities; and enforcement of laws, rules and regulations that have bearing on ecotourism. 18 P a g e
8 Local Government. The policy of the national government to promote ecotourism spurred the local government units of Bantayan and Camotes Islands to assess potential ecotourism destinations within their respective localities and to take the lead in developing and marketing some of these ecotourism sites. Thus far, Bantayan Island has the most developed tourism industry among the three island groups. In contrast, the municipal government of President C.P. Garcia has yet to take an active role in developing the ecotourism industry of the island. These include the identification of potential ecotourism destinations/sites, the preparation of plans, product development, marketing, infrastructure development and social and community mobilization. The municipal governments were assisted in marketing the ecotourism products of the islands by the provincial government and the private sector. The Suroy-Suroy Sugbu tours of the Cebu Provincial Government in particular had been providing the venue for Bantayan and Camotes Islands to showcase their potential as important ecotourism destinations. This tourism project involves 3-day visits to a number of towns to experience the lifestyle and culture of the area. Part of the program includes visits to cultural heritages like old churches, cultural presentations/shows, food fairs of local delicacies, exhibits of crafts and other products, and visits to natural attractions. A fee is charged from participants to cover accommodation and other travelling costs. Thus far, the tours were successfully in attracting a number of tourists that included balikbayans, domestic and foreign tourists, and businessmen. The Cebu Provincial Government has been receiving inquiries on future Suroy-Suroy Sugbu tours, an indication of its increasing popularity, which could benefit Bantayan and Camotes Islands. Argao Barili Alcoy Badian Alegria Oslob Naga Sogod Borbon Dumanjug Boljoon Malabuyoc Catmon Medellin Bogo Carmen Liloan Tabogon Carcar Danao City Compostela Ronda Bantayan San Remigio Samboan Santa Fe Madridejos Suroy-Suroy Sugbo Program of Cebu Province 19 P a g e
9 The local government especially the municipal government is also deeply involved in environment protection. The numerous marine protected areas and marine sanctuaries, for one, were created by the local government units through local legislation. Aside from passing local ordinances, the local governments created councils, task forces and similar bodies (e.g., Coastal Law Enforcement Council, Task Force Kalikupan, Bantay Dagat) to oversee the management and development of the natural resources of the islands and the implementation of measures, regulations and standards set by the national and local governments. The local government units partnered with the private sector and the non-government organizations in many of the tourism-related activities of the LGUs. The Expanded-Green Wholesome Environment that Nurtures or e-gwen program of the Provincial Government of Cebu, for instance, is being implemented in cooperation with the Ramon Aboitiz Foundation Inc. (RAFI). The e-gwen program assists the local government units in Cebu practice good governance, environmental protection, and sustainable ecotourism development and promotion. The LGUs are expected to continue to provide direction for ecotourism at the local level and to ensure that ecotourism in the local area contributes to the protection of the natural and cultural resources of the area. Protected Area Management Board. Since Bantayan Island, the Camotes Group of Islands, and the Island of President C.P. Garcia are declared protected areas (as many of the small islands of Central Visayas are), the Protected Area Management Boards (PAMBs) composed of representatives of national agencies, local government units and non-government organizations are responsible for planning and overseeing the development and management of the islands. As protected areas, no development is allowed to be undertaken in these areas unless approved by the PAMBs. The PAMBs of the three island groups have been organized and are involved in the following: policy formulation, settlements regulation, issuance of occupancy rights, collection and management of user's fees, royalty fees and other fees, and issuance of clearances in shorelines. Non-Government Organizations. There are non-government organizations or NGOs implementing ecotourism-related projects in the islands. Most of the projects involve natural resource preservation and management. Livelihood assistance is also being provided by some NGOs. The beneficiaries of the projects of NGOs include small-scale fishermen and farmers, and women. Tourism Enterprises. Tourism enterprises pertain to facilities, services and attractions involved in tourism (Republic Act 9593, 2009). They include the following: travel and tour services, tourist transport service, accommodation establishments, convention and exhibition organizers, tourism estate management services, restaurants, shops/stores, recreational centers, spas, museums/ galleries, theme parks, and convention centers. Among the three island groups, Bantayan Island has the most number and variety of tourism enterprises. Camotes Island's tourism enterprises, which are few, consist mainly of accommodation facilities and eateries. The Island of President C.P. Garcia has only two beach resort establishments and no other tourism enterprise. 20 P a g e
10 The tourism enterprises in the three islands are not organized. That is, each establishment work individually to advance its interests or business. This fragmented action of tourism enterprises makes it difficult to raise awareness and generate action on common issues and concerns plaguing the tourism enterprises in the islands. The lack of properly trained and educated manpower to work in the islands' tourism enterprises as well as lack of knowledge on product development are also major challenges. Thus, capability building programs and skills trainings are some of the priority activities that need to be implemented in the short-term for the tourism enterprises for a sustainable ecotourism. Visitors. Visitors seeking ecotourism experiences are the very reason why there is an ecotourism market. At present, only a small segment of this growing market has been tapped by the three island groups mainly because of limited products that the islands could offer for the moment. With their natural resources and cultural assets, the islands have the potential to attract the following types of market: adventure travellers, sedentary travellers, families, scuba divers, independent travellers or backpackers, resort-centric travellers, students, and study tours. The islands have also potentials as sites for film-making, art tours, and photography. As travellers become more discerning --- seeking quality experiences and willing to pay well for them --- it is essential that tourism authorities strive to come up with quality ecotourism products. Satisfied visitors could be very effective tourism marketing agents for the islands' ecotourism destinations. Local Communities. In order to maximise the benefits that ecotourism could bring to the communities, the local populace must be involved in ecotourism planning processes and activities. The sustainability of ecotourism depends largely on the support of the local community. Local communities will be more inclined to support and champion the ecotourism projects and activities if they are made part of the planning for these activities. The success of the islands in their implementation of past community-based initiatives is an indication that ecotourism, which is anchored on community-based tourism, could be a viable long-term undertaking in the islands. 21 P a g e
11 Table 4. Major Stakeholders and their Roles in Ecotourism Development Stakeholder Roles/Major Areas of Interest National Government Agencies Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) Department of Agriculture (DA) Department of Interior and Local Government Department of Transportation and Communication (DOTC) Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) Department of Tourism (DOT) Technical Education and Skills Development Authority (TESDA) Local Government Units Protected Area Management Board (PAMB) Non-government Organizations (NGOs) Tourism Enterprises Conservation of biodiversity, management of protected areas under NIPAS, establishment & management of critical habitats, hazard mitigation, policies, plans & programs formulation on environmental concerns, promulgation of rules, regulations & guidelines, enforcement of environmental laws Well-being of fishermen, conservation & proper utilization of fishery & aquatic resources, policy formulation, conduct of training Conduct of training/capability building of LGUs Policy formulation and regulation of marine transport and communication Ports development and management Public works/ infrastructure development (e.g. roads) Trade, livelihood development and training Tourism development, production of IEC materials, promotions and marketing, policy formulation Skills training Enforcement of laws, legislation of local laws to regulate natural resource utilization and development, enactment of comprehensive land use plans & zoning ordinances, preparation of local tourism/destination plans, development and promotion of ecotourism sites, funding and implementation of programs & projects Management of protected areas Conduct of skills training, livelihood development and training, conservation of biodiversity Development and promotion of ecotourism sites and products, provision of ecotourism services, conservation of natural resources 22 P a g e
12 Stakeholder Roles/Major Areas of Interest Visitors/ Tourists Local Communities Promotion of ecotourism sites and products, contribution to conservation of natural environment Plans and programs formulation, development and promotion of ecotourism sites, monitoring of implementation of environmental laws Support Infrastructure and Utilities The presence of good infrastructure and reliable utility services are pre-conditions to a successful and sustainable ecotourism industry. The following sections describe briefly the state of the infrastructure and utilities in the three island groups. Sea Ports. The existing seaports in the three island groups are used primarily by the ordinary commuters in their trips to or out of the islands. The same seaports are used by the tourists who visit the islands. Most of the trips going to or originating from the islands' seaports have mainland Cebu (for Bantayan and Camotes Islands) and mainland Bohol (for President C.P. Garcia) as their destinations. There are also trips going to other neighboring provinces such as Leyte and Masbate (see Figure 2). Camotes Group of Island. Camotes Island has port facilities in the Municipalities of Poro, San Francisco, Tudela and Pilar. The ports cater mainly to small boats plying mainland Cebu and Camotes, and Leyte and Camotes. There is also a fastcraft service plying the Cebu City to Poro route. In the Port of Poro, there are plans to put up a shopping center inside the port to cater to passengers as well as tourists. President Carlos P. Garcia Island. The island municipality has one base port, the Port of Pitogo, and 2 subsidiary feeder ports in Barangays Popoo and Aguining. The Port of Pitogo is the main port of the island and the town s gateway to Cebu and mainland Bohol. While the Port of Pitogo is not designed for large seacrafts, large vessels can drop anchor in Pitogo Bay. The Port of Pitogo, however, has no passenger terminal facilities but only a waiting shed that provides little shelter to passengers. The feeder port in Barangay Popoo has RORO facilities. Motorized bancas however are the main users of the port. These bancas are available anytime to transport passengers from the island to Ubay in mainland Bohol and vise-versa for a fee with special night rates. Travel time is only 10 minutes. As in the case of the Pitogo port, the Popoo feeder port has no passenger terminal facilities but only a waiting shed. The feeder port in Barangay Aguining is operational on Fridays only. Except for a concrete quay, it has no other facilities. The Port of Aguining serves mainly as jump off point for the transport of livestock bound for Maasin City in Southern Leyte. 23 P a g e
13 24 P a g e Figure 5. Seaport and Airport
14 Airport/Airstrip. Bantayan Island has a feeder airport located in the Municipality of Santa Fe. A feeder airport is one that serves towns with limited passenger traffic. The airport in Bantayan Island, however, is not being used for commercial operation. Only chartered flights are presently accommodated in the airport. Camotes Island, for its part, has an airstrip located in the Municipality of San Francisco. The airstrip can easily accommodate aircrafts with passenger capacity. While the 1.2- kilometer airstrip was improved by the Mactan-Cebu International Airport Authority (MCIAA) in 2005, it has remained unattended and thus needs rehabilitation and upgrading to accommodate commercial flights that could bring in more tourists to Camotes Island. The Island of President C.P. Garcia has no airport nor airstrip. The nearest airport is the feeder airport located in the Municipality of Ubay in mainland Bohol. Roads. The roads in Bantayan Island and the Camotes Group of Islands are generally in good condition. Except for the roads in the remote barangays, the road network in the two island groups are either asphalted or cemented. In the Island of President C.P. Garcia, meanwhile, only 6.23 percent of the kilometers of road are concrete. Roads leading to some of the ecotourism sites in all the three islands need to be constructed or improved. Power. Electricity is available in the three island groups. These are provided by the electric cooperatives in the islands. Cost of power in the islands though is relatively high. Because of this, while all barangays in the islands are served with electricity, not all households are connected. Not all areas in the Islands of Bantayan and Camotes also have 24-hour power service. Power service in many municipalities runs up to 10 to 18 hours only daily. Power fluctuation is also common in various areas. The Island of President C.P. Garcia has the most reliable and sustainable power supply. This is because the Leyte-Bohol power interconnection link of the Visayas grid passes through the Island of President C.P. Garcia. Water. Potable water supply is a major concern in the islands. The water supply systems in the islands are inadequate to provide safe and potable water to all residents. This is because being small islands, the area do no have big rivers as sources of water. The volume of groundwater, which is the main source of water in the islands, is also low due to limited land area. In some municipalities, there are instances in the summer months that water is scarce as many of the islands' main sources of water dry up. Majority of the households in the islands with access to safe water get their water from communal faucets (level II water supply system). Communication. Cellular mobile phone is the primary mode of communication in the islands. Cell phone service is provided by Smart, Globe and Sun Telecom. Still, communication service remains unreliable due to intermittent weak signals and presence of dead spots. Landline telephone service is available only in Bantayan Island. However, almost all towns in the three island groups have public calling centers usually located in the urbanized area of the towns. Some of the public calling centers though could not be accessed any time in the 25 P a g e
15 day. In one municipality in Camotes Island, for instance, a telephone connection could only be made in the mornings. The internet provides an alternative means of communication in the islands. There are some internet cafes in the three island groups although not all municipalities have them. In Camotes Island, the Municipalities of Poro and San Francisco have internet cafes. The island municipality of President C.P. Garcia has also a few internet cafes, all located in Barangay Pitogo. Solid Waste and Wastewater Treatment Facilities. A major challenge that all the three island groups must address as they develop their respective ecotourism industry is the proper disposal of wastes. At present, many of the municipalities in the three island groups do not have adequate facilities and a system in place to address the anticipated rise in the volume of wastes that will be generated by a growing tourism industry. Open dumpsites are widely used in the islands in the disposal of garbage. Moreover, tourism establishments in the islands do not have wastewater treatment facilities to ensure that effluents that are disposed to the sea are clean. 26 P a g e
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