SCC Trouble Shooting for Farm Advisors Impact on Ontario Dairy Farms

Transcription

1 SCC Trouble Shooting for Farm Advisors Impact on Ontario Dairy Farms David Kelton, DVM, PhD Department of Population Medicine University of Guelph

2 SCC 400 Just Two Months Away! The goal is to maintain high milk quality ALL YEAR Tools to get there: Know where we are current situation Understand the importance cost of elevated SCC Finding the producers at risk variability and seasonality and tools to help Tools available for advisors Elevated SCC versus Elevated Iodine good news

3 : From 800 to 500 K Ontario Weighted Average Bulk Tank SCCs January 1988 to January Where are we NOW? SCCs x 10* SCC Penalty Program (the easy fix)

4 7 Inhibitor violations (cases/100 farms/year) 6 5 But- MORE Inhibitor violations! < > Schukken,

5 Decrease in Penalty Level If the SCC Penalty Level dropped from 500 to 400 TODAY.what would happen?

6 Penalty Threshold from 500 to Distribution of the Monthly Average Bulk Tank SCC for the Years May 2010 until April Percent ~9% of all bulk tanks Monthly Average Bulk Tank SCC

7 Penalty Threshold from 500 to 400 Weighted Monthly Averages

8 100 Percent of Herds by # of Months over SCC Threshold May April 2012 Percent Penalty Threshold from 500 to 400 SCC Threshold 500 SCC Threshold SCC Level 8%of herds with >1 month above threshold & at risk 400 SCC Level 26%of herds with >1 month above threshold & at risk herds with EVERY BTSCC over # of Months

9 Normal SCC s for Clean Cows FAQ: Can SCC s for Cows or Herds Get Too Low? Average SCC of Uninfected Cows Cell coun nt Heifers Parity 2 Parity 3 and greater Days in milk Schukken, 2011

10 3500 Normal SCC s for Clean Cows FAQ: Can SCC s for Cows or Herds Get Too Low? Daily SCC Data cell/ml) /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /05/ /05/1900 SCC (*1000 Jan 1 Feb 1 Mar 1 Apr 1 May 1

11 Milk Loss Due to Elevated SCC

12 Milk Loss Due to Elevated SCC FAQ: What is the cost of elevated SCC? LINEAR SCORE Raubertas& Shook, JDS, 1982.

13 Milk Loss Due to Elevated SCC Shook- Lactation 1 Hand, Godkin, Kelton- Lactation 1 Shook- Lactation 3+ Hand, Godkin, Kelton- Lactation 3+

14 Milk Loss Due to Elevated SCC Key Differences: 1-Greater impact than 30 years ago 2-Greater impact on 1 st lactation 3-Greater impact with more high tests 4-Greater impact on higher producers

15 Is BTSCC Herd Size Dependent? FAQ: How do we find the problem herds? NO!!!!!!

16 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s Finding Producers At Risk? All Producers Got This Graph in December and June!

17 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s FAQ: How variable can BTSCC s be? Bulk Tank SCC BTSCC Average = Bulk Tank SCC June July August Septem ber 2010 October Novem ber

18 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s Bulk Tank SCC BTSCC Average = 100 BTSCC Average = Bulk Tank SCC June July August Septe mber 2010 Octobe r Novem ber

19 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s Bulk Tank SCC BTSCC Average = 100 BTSCC Average = 250 BTSCC Average = Bulk Tank SCC June July August Septe mber 2010 Octobe r Novem ber

20 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s 900 Bulk Tank SCC for Herd with Average of FAQ: Does herd size affect variability? ~200 cow herd 600 Bulk Tank SCC AP MR FE JA2012 DE2011 NO OC SE AU JL JN MA AP MR FE JA2011 DE2010 NO OC SE AU JL JN2010

21 Variability in Daily Bulk Tank SCC s Bulk Tank SCC for Herd with Average of 250 Fewer cows more variability bigger impact of one cow ~40 cow herd 600 SCC Bulk Tank AP MR FE JA2012 DE2011 NO OC SE AU JL JN MA AP MR FE JA2011 DE2010 NO OC SE AU JL JN2010

22 Risk of Penalty with Change in SCC Penalty Level FAQ: How many more penalties do we expect? Expected change in penalties assessed: Monthly BTSCC data from 1 st 11 months in 2009 & SCC Penalties in 2009 & 345 SCC Penalties in 2010 Compared odds of being penalized if the SCC penalty level was 400 as compared to 500 Results: Ontario dairy herds were 3.8 times as likely to incur a SCC Penalty at the 400 level. So.expect ~ 1,300 SCC penalties if nothing else changes

23 Penalty Threshold or Environment? FAQ: Is this just a summer problem..a seasonal issue? Average Bulk Tank SCC in Oxford and Perth Counties and Average Daily Temperature ( º C, London Airport) SCC Average Temperature Average Average SCC Average Daily Temperature ( º C) Year-Month

24 Low SCC in Hot Summer Months Distribution of Monthly Bulk Tank SCC March and August 2011 Mar % of herdsbelow 200 in March Percent Monthly Bulk Tank SCC

25 Low SCC in Hot Summer Months Distribution of Monthly Bulk Tank SCC March and August 2011 Aug-11 Mar-11 Percent % of herdsbelow 200 in March % of herds below 200 in August 2011 We have some herds which stay below 200,000 ALL YEAR! Monthly Bulk Tank SCC

26 Low SCC in Hot Summer Months FAQ: Does location matter? We have some herds which stay below 200,000 ALL YEAR!

27 Good News & Bad News! FAQ: Are producers responding? Penalties!!!

28 Monitoring of Cow SCC -DHI Does monitoring cow SCC impact SCC penalties? 2009 Data for 2,898 DHI herds and 1,186 non-dhi herds 48,250 monthly bulk tank average SCC values Bulk Tank SCC penalty levels of 400 and 500 FAQ: What tools do we have to help? Controlled for season, milk, fat and protein shipped Median BTSCC for DHI herds was 228,000 Median BTSCC for non-dhi herds was 250,000 Non-DHI herds had higher BTSCC s and were 1.4 times as likely to be penalized at the 400 SCC penalty threshold as DHI herds

29 DHI Resources Monthly Individual Cow SCC Mastitis3 PCR Test Melanie Quist Moyer CanWest DHI, Guelph, Ontario Dairy Comp 305 Computerized records system Used to trouble-shoot SCC problems

30 Monitoring of Cow SCC - DHI

31 PCR test..identifies DNA Identifies 3 contagious pathogens Staph. aureus Strep. agalactiae Mycoplasma bovis Uses DHI test day milk sample Convenient and easy ~ $23/sample ONLY THESE BUGS!!

32 Commercial Application! Original Laboratory Application!

33 Mastitis 3 PCR Assay Questions and Answers

34 Feb 2009 to May 1, 2011: The CanWest DHI Experience 11,246Mast 3 PCR tests in Ontario 2,897 Staph aureus Positive 25.7% 83 Strep ag Positive Only 17 Mycoplasma bovis Positive

35 Monitoring of Cow SCC Dairy Comp Top List DC305 Udder Health Commands David Kelton, YnteSchukken& Melanie Quist-Moyer

36 Why aren t they the same? DHI Herd Average SCC vs. DFO Bulk Tank SCC

37 SCC Test Differences (DFO-DHI) Same Test Day and DFO 1 Day Post DHI (Jan00-Mar00) Freq quency /-100 on any given day! Why the Difference? mean = cows std in dev tank = cows 5% on = -113 test 95% = milking out of 4 -etc. etc. etc SCC Differences (DFO-DHI)

38 Benchmarks New Infections Herd Summary SCC Benchmarks for Ontario Herds Schukken Ontario BEST OK Not OK Q1 -W Q1 -S Q2 -W Q2 -S Q3 -W Q3 -S Q4 -W Q4 -S <5% 8% >8% 5% 7% 8% 10% 11% 13% 14% 16% Chronic <5% 10% >10% 7% 9% 12% 14% 15% 17% 21% 24% Infections High Fresh <10% 15% >15% 13% 18% 20% 23% 27% 30% 35% 38% Q = Quartile (Q1 are BEST 25% of herds based on Herd Average SCC in that month) W = Winter (March, 2012) S = Summer (August, 2011)

39 Beyond SCC Clinical? What bug(s)? Daily SCC Data 2011 Cow # Do we care if clinical or which bug? Do we care if clinical or which bug? SCC (*1000 cell/ml) /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /01/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /02/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /03/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/ /04/1900 Jan 1 Feb 1 Mar 1 Apr 1 May 1

40 CanWest- Health Data Collection Source (Jan December 2010) for 8 major diseases 41% 59% DHI Staff Producer Software Who enters Mastitis Events? Health Data Collection By Agency (Jan Dec 2010) 8 Major Diseases Observations Valacta CanWest 0 CO DA KET LAME MAST METR MF RP Health Event

41 Milk Loss Due to Elevated SCC See June Milk Producer. Spilt Milk by SSG

42 On-farm Risk Assessment

43 Iodine Levels in Milk FAQ: Is iodine a bad thing? Three year DFC project Health Canada upper limit is 500 PPM Year 1 sampling completed late Jan Results provided early Jan Objective is to have all tanks below 500 micrograms/litre Percentiles 10% 25% 50% 75% 90% 95% 99% Canada Ontario Most commonly implicated factors for elevated iodine: 1. Pre- and post-milking teat dip use 2. Ration components / supplements

44 Iodine Test Results Iodine Test Results - Initial Sampling - Ontario 2011 Total # of % of Samples Samples Normal Elevated High All Producers % % % Milking System Pipeline % % % Parlour % % % Buckets & Other % % % Robots % % % Niche Market DHA % % 4 7.7%

45 SCC versus Iodine Iodine and SCC SCC Iodine

46 Why Elevated Iodine? Herds Visited & Data Collected: Milkingpractices General herd characteristics (ie: herd size, barn type..) Feeding practices (feed components & amounts fed) Iodine containing products Volumeof iodine pre and post dips used at one milking Pre and post dip teat coverageon the teat Pre-dip residue on teats before milking machine applied Iodinemeasured in bulk tank milk and feed samples collected at visit

47 Why Elevated Iodine? K. MacDonald, G. Keefe, D. Kelton, 2012

48 Why Elevated Iodine? Iodine teat dips ONLY increased BTM iodine when they were: Pre-dip NOT properly removed Applied to more than just the teat skin (onto the Applied to more than just the teat skin (onto the base of the udder)

49 Things to think about as we Count Down. BT SCC has flat-lined since 1995.so time for action! Change from 500 to 400 SCC penalty level could result in up to a 4x increase in # of penalties if NOTHING is done! Talk to producers and find out who is at risk ask! Lots of great tools available..try the Risk Assessment! Be proactive..be part of the TEAM..be the solution! START NOW -NOT AN EASY FIX!!!

50 Acknowledgements and Questions