Developments in Regional and National Programs. Broad and Equitable Access to the Internet Lishan Adam, Eshetu Alemu. 16 October 2008, Dakar

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1 Developments in Regional and National Programs Broad and Equitable Access to the Internet Lishan Adam, Eshetu Alemu 16 October 2008, Dakar

2 Outline Development of the Internet in the region Progress in sector reform and market expansion National ICT policies and strategies Rural connectivity programmes Broadband access (cable and satelite) Content development Issues

3 Internet usage World Regions Population ( 2008 Est.) Internet Users Dec/31, 2000 Internet Usage, June 30, 2008 % Population ( Penetration ) Usage % of World Usage Growth Africa 955,206,348 4,514,400 51,065, % 3.5 % 1,031.2 % Asia 3,776,181, ,304, ,538, % 39.5 % % Europe 800,401, ,096, ,633, % 26.3 % % Middle East 197,090,443 3,284,800 41,939, % 2.9 % 1,176.8 % North America 337,167, ,096, ,241, % 17.0 % % Latin America/Caribbean 576,091,673 18,068, ,009, % 9.5 % % Oceania / Australia 33,981,562 7,620,480 20,204, % 1.4 % % WORLD TOTAL 6,676,120, ,985,492 1,463,632, % % %. Source:, Miniwatts Marketing Group.

4 Internet population Oceania/A ustralia Middle East Africa Latin A merica North America Euro pe Asia Source: Minwatts Marketing Group

6 Progress in sector reform Maturity Relatively advanced regulatory framework Have regulatory bodies No regulatory body Countries Botswana, Egypt, Kenya, Mauritius, Morocco, Nigeria, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda Algeria, Angola, Benin, Burundi, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Cape Verde, Chad, Cote d Ivoire, Central African Republic, Comoros, DRC, Congo, Guinea-Guinea Bissau, Ethiopia, Gabon, Gambia, Ghana, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Liberia, Libya, Mali, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritania, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Rwanda, Seychelles, Sudan Togo, Tunisia, Zambia, Zimbabwe Djibouti, Eritrea,, Sao Tome & Principe, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Swaziland Level No competition in fixed segment No Competition in the Mobile segment Monopoly in both fixed and mobile services Countries Angola, Botswana, Burkina Faso, Benin, Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Chad, Comoros DRC, Gabon, Gambia, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Liberia, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Sudan, Togo, Zambia, Zimbabwe Comoros, Ethiopia, Eritrea, Sao Tome & Principe, Equatorial Guinea, Cape Verde, Guinea Bissau Comoros, Ethiopia, Eritrea,

7 Recent developments Some countries are moving beyond distressed and slow privatization Ghana Telecom with Vodafone International Holdings BV - the sell of 70 per cent stake in Ghana Telecom. The sell of Nigeria s Nitel is under process

8 Recent development in market expansionb Introducing SNOs is in progress in different countries South Africa (Neotel), Kenya (IPO), Nigeria (Globacom), Ghana (Westel), Mali (Ikatel), etc. Additional Mobile operators in different countries (eg Uganda, Rwanda, etc) Aggressive expansion into broadband access - eg. Wanachi of Kenya using wimax and hybrid fibercoax Subscribers will have access to 50 channels at only Ksh150 ($2.3) per channel per

9 Convergent/unified licensing regime Mauritius, Tanzania, South Africa have embraced convergence licensing framework others like Kenya, Nigeria, Uganda are working towards that direction Sub-regional and regional level harmonization has been an interest going on for the benefit (win-win situation) for all stakeholders WATRA has been promoting since 2005/06.

10 Rural connectivity programmes In Ethiopia, Over 50% of rural villages have access to telecom and the remaining will be covered within one year time In Uganda, The Uganda Rural Communications Development Fund is expanding ICT access to districts and countries Through an MTN and Grameen Foundation project established in 2003 facilitated the set up of close to 7,000 new village phone operators. In Mauritius, The governments have brought internet to rural communities through cyber coaches and caravans. A vehicle equipped with computers and multimedia learning material travels to rural schools to instruct teachers, students and the local community on basic internet and computing skills.

11 Progress in formulation of national ICT policies Benin Burundi Burkina Faso Cameroon Cape Verde Central African Republic Chad Comoros DRC Gabon Gambia Ghana Guinea Lesotho Mali Mauritania Malawi Mozambique Niger Nigeria Rwanda Sierra Leone Swaziland Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe Countries that followed the AISI NICI Model Algeria Djibouti Ethiopia Kenya Madagascar Mauritius Morocco Namibia Senegal Seychelles South Africa Sudan Tanzania Tunisia Incremental and organic approach Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Guinea Bissau Liberia Libya Sao Tome & Principle Somalia Togo No ICT policy

12 Drivers for the Internet development Improvement in saetllite banddwidth and availability although the cost remains high (US$2000- $5000) per month Expansion of mobile phone and services (from banking to SMS) Use of VOIP over 20 countries have now allowed VOIP that brought the cost of access down Interest in broadband fiber and wireless network and aggressive marketing by private sector A growing sentiment for regional cooperation and routing traffic Jobs drive -call centers, IT and software development, entertainment, media, pharmaceuticals, research Improving private sector and foreign investment in communications

13 Satellite projects Satellite the main form of access in the majority of African countries (in 15 land locked countries in particular) RASCOM launched a Satellite on December 2007 O3b Networks (Connecting the other 3 billions) HSBC and Google to launch satellite with investment of US$650 million with performance comparable to fiber by 2010

14 Broadband access Aggressive move towards 3G (WCDMA), CDMA, Wi Fi, WiMax, xdsl, broadband satellite, access According to the GSM Association, there were 883'000 W- CDMA subscribers in the region by June 2007, The average price of an entry-level (e.g., 256 kbps) monthly broadband subscription is over US$ 100 in Africa, exceeding average per capita income. Senegal enjoys some of the cheapest ADSL prices in Africa, at US$ 40 per month for an entry-level 512 kbps package. In Morocco, the average broadband prices are the cheapest in all Africa, at US$ 18 per month for a 256 kbps package. Morocco has one of the highest broadband penetration rates in Africa, at 1.5 subscribers per 100 inhabitants.

15 Optical Fiber National Backbones Projects Country Project Estimated implementation cost Sponsor Burundi Support for deployment of national backbone US$7 million support, the rest from private sector World Bank Burkina Faso Feasibility study for national backbone - no financial figure USTDA DRC National Backbone US$233 million IDRC Ethiopia National backbone No figure 14,000km total (6,400 km ) Rwanda National backbone study Government of Ethiopia World Bank Tanzania Implementation of national backbone Uganda National e- government backbone 170 million Government of China $160 million ZTE/ Ministry of IT

16 Example 1 - NATIONAL FIBER OPTIC CABLING PROJECT Phase I Phase II Phase III 16

17 - Uganda e-gov backbone for districts

18 Optical Fiber Projects (regional/international) Regional links - ITU estimate Landline (Km) Central Africa Eastern Africa Northern Africa Southern Africa Western Africa TOTAL (Km) Planned 4,406 4,367 3,277 14,757 14,285 41,092 Proposed 4,390 1,919 3,889 9,478 5,329 24,915 Total 8'796 6'286 7'166 24'235 19'524 66,007 On-going Submarine Cable (EASSY, Infinity, TEAMS) 25,778 Total 91,785 Existing Submarine Cables (SAT- 3/ WASC= kms; SAFE= 13,500 91,785

19 Submarine Cable projects Project Links Major Player East African Submarine Cable (EASSy) US$ 265 Million SEACOM US$ 650 Million East African Marine System (TEAMs) US$ 82 Million Infinity US$ 865 Million East and southern Africa East and southern Africa IFC, EIB, Kfw, AfDB Herakles, Blackstone; Aga Khan Fund; Venfin; Convergence Partners; Shanduka Neotel Kenya to UAE Government of Kenya (40%), Etisalat (UAE) (15%) Portugal to South Africa along the west coast of the continent FLAG India, east Africa, southern Africa Reliance Group Infinity Telecommunications Group of Companies Infraco VSNL, Neotel Latin America, Europe Glo-1 Nigeria, UK Globacom SAT4 South Africa to portugal MTN, Vodacom, Telkom Uhurunet Broadband) (NEPAD East Africa, Latin America NEPAD, E-Africa commission

20 Internet Exchange Points Why IXP? Local traffic exchanged over international links is slow, poor quality and expensive need to retain local traffic local and regional traffic regional Africa spends ~ US $400M a year on talking to Africa via the Internet Where are IXPs in Africa? There are 21 operational IXPs in Africa Johannesburg Internet Exchange Kenya Internet Exchange Point Mozambique Internet Exchange Uganda Internet Exchange Point Tanzania Internet Exchange Arusha Interent Exchange Kinshasa Internet Exchange (DRC) Egyptian Internet Exchange Zimbabwe Internet Exchange Point Ibadan Internet Exchange (Nigeria) Rwanda Internet Exchange Swaziland Internet Exchange Ghana Internet Exchange Botswana Internet Exchange Mauritius Internet exchange Lusaka Internet Exchange Angola Internet Exchange Namibia Internet exchange * Blantyre Internet exchange (Malawi) Lagos Internet exchange (Nigeria) Abidjan Internet exchange (Ivory Coast) Bamako Internet exchange (Mali)

21 National Research & Education Networks (NRENs) Aggregate bandwidth needs for academic institutions Negotiate, on behalf of all participating institutions, favorable pricing for Internet access and software licenses. Contribute to inter-institutional collaboration, research and human networking. Promote joint institutional content development, access to large databases and sharing of research results. Undertake research into advanced networking concepts and applications of Internet technologies, protocols and services. Promote linkages between the academic and research community, industry, government and other international research and educational networks Promote regional and international collaboration

22 NRENs in Africa Established Algeria Morocco Tunisia Egypt Kenya South Africa New: Mozambique Rwanda Tanzania Uganda Sudan. In process Ethiopia Namibia Lesotho Botswana Swaziland Zimbabwe Tanzania DRC Somalia Senegal Cameroon Ghana Nigeria

23 Content development Content is driven by : IT Enabled Services (ITES) The ITES market is estimated to be worth US$728 billion by 2007 Call centers have immense business potential as the current global business of ITES is approximately $10 billion and is estimated to grow to $140 billion by 2008 and $2000 billion by Current players in the ITES Market - Egypt, Ghana, Mauritius, Morocco, South Africa, Tunisia In Morocco, for example, the Business Process Outsourcing market was US$170 million in 2007, and the prospect for its tremendous growth remains very high. Potential countries for ITES - Kenya, Mozambique, Namibia, Nigeria, Rwanda, Senegal, Zambia, Zimbabwe Mobile applications entertainment, gaming, music

24 Issues Gaps between expectations and realization of fiber projects Stimulation of the demand for network Capacity and skills for regulation, application, programme management Good regulation for better investment in the ICT segment Aggressive policy making at highest levels

25 Thank you

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates)

Table A.LPG1 : TOTAL LPG CONSUMPTION (Best available Estimates) 1000 MT 1 Burkina Faso 0.509 0.587 0.615 0.606 0.435 0.429 0.691 1.057 1.385 1.698 2.156 2.432 2.888 2 Cape Verde 4.058 4.268 4.988 5.259