How the Incas Engineered a Road Across Extreme Terrain By Smithsonian.com
|
|
- Evelyn Rodney Lambert
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 How the Incas Engineered a Road Across Extreme Terrain By Smithsonian.com Every June, after the rainy season ends in the highlands of southern Peru, the residents of four villages near Huinchiri, at more than 12,000 feet in altitude, come together for a three-day festival. Men, women and children have already spent days in busy preparation: They have gathered bushels of long grasses, which they have then soaked, pounded and dried in the sun. These tough fibers have been twisted and braided into narrow cords. The cords have been woven together to form six heavy cables. Each cable is the circumference of a man s thigh and more than 100 feet long. Dozens of men place the long cables over their shoulders and carry them single file to the edge of a deep, rocky canyon. About 100 feet below flows the Apurímac River. Page 1
2 Building And Rebuilding A Living Link And so it has gone for centuries. The indigenous Quechua communities, descendants of the ancient Inca, have been building and rebuilding this twisted-rope bridge, or Q eswachaka, in the same way for more than 500 years. It s a living link to an ancient past a bridge not only capable of bearing some 5,000 pounds but also empowered by profound spiritual strength. To the Quechua, the bridge is linked to Earth and water, both of which are connected to the heavens. Water comes from the sky and the Earth distributes it. In their incantations, the elders ask the Earth to support the bridge and the water to accept its presence. The rope itself is endowed with powerful symbolism: Legend has it that in ancient times the supreme Inca ruler sent out ropes from his capital in Cusco, and they united all under a peaceful and prosperous reign. The bridge, says Ramiro Matos, physically and spiritually embraces one side and the other side. A Peruvian of Quechua descent, Matos is an expert on the famed Inca Road, of which this Q eswachaka makes up just one tiny part. He has been studying it since the 1980s and has published several books on the Inca. The Great Road And Its Mysteries Numerous museum exhibitions have highlighted Inca wonders, but none to date have focused so ambitiously on the road itself, perhaps because of its political, logistical and conceptual complexities. Inca gold is easy to describe and display, Matos explains. Such dazzling objects scarcely need an introduction. But this is a road, he continues. The road is the protagonist, the actor. How do we show that? This roadway has a spirit, Matos says. Walter Alvarez, a Bolivian descendant of the Inca, told Matos that the road is alive. It protects us, he said. Passing along the way of our ancestors, we are protected by the Pachamama [Mother Earth]. The Pachamama is life energy and wisdom. To this day, Alvarez said, traditional healers make a point of traveling the Page 2
3 road on foot. To ride in a vehicle would be inconceivable the road itself is the source from which the healers absorb their special energy. Walking the Inca Trail, we are never tired, Quechua leader Pedro Sulca explained to Matos in The llamas and donkeys that walk the Inca Trail never get tired because the old path has the blessings of the Inca. Binding The Empire The road has other powers too. The Inca Trail shortens distances, said Porfirio Ninahuaman, a Quechua from the city of Cerro de Pasco in Peru. The modern road makes them farther. Matos knows of Bolivian healers who have hiked the road from Bolivia to Peru s central highlands, a distance of some 500 miles, in less than two weeks. They say our Inka [the Inca king] had the power of the sun, who commanded on Earth and all obeyed people, animals, even rocks and stones, said Nazario Turpo, a Quechua living near Cusco, Peru. One day, the Inka, with his golden sling, ordered rocks and pebbles to leave his place, to move in an orderly manner, form walls, and open the great road for the Inca Empire So was created the Capac Ñan. This vast ancient highway known as Capac Ñan, or Royal Road was the glue that held together the enormous Inca Empire. The road was paved with blocks of stone, reinforced with retaining walls, dug into rock faces and linked by as many as 200 rope bridges. The Inca engineers cut through some of the most varied and extreme terrain in the world, spanning rain forests, deserts and high mountains. The 25,000-Mile-Long And Winding Inca Road At its early 16th-century peak, the Inca Empire was the largest empire of its day. It included between 8 million and 12 million people and extended from modern-day Colombia down to Chile and Argentina cutting through Ecuador, Bolivia and Peru. The Capac Ñan linked Cuzco, the Inca capital, with the rest of the empire, its main route and branches radiating in all directions. The largest empire in its day, it also ranked as among the most Page 3
4 sophisticated, incorporating a huge array of chiefdoms, kingdoms and tribes. Unlike other great empires, it used no currency. A powerful army and extraordinary central administration managed business and ensured that everyone worked in agriculture until the harvest, and doing public works thereafter. Labor, including work on this great road, was the tax Inca subjects paid. Inca engineers planned and built the road without benefit of wheeled devices, draft animals, a written language, or even metal tools. A previous map of the Inca Road, completed in 1984, shows the road running for 14,378 miles. However, a new map, created by Matos and an international group of scholars, revealed that it actually stretched for nearly 25,000 miles. Partly as a result of this work, the Inca Road became a UNESCO World Heritage site in Embracing Andean Roots In Washington, D.C., where Matos has lived and worked since 1996, he still embraces his Andean roots. He enjoys participating in festivals and other activities with fellow Quechua immigrants. Speaking Quechua is part of my legacy, he says. Among the 6 million Quechua speakers in South America today, many of the old ways remain. People live in the same houses, the same places, and use the same roads as in the Inca time, Matos says. They re planting the same plants. Their beliefs are still strong. Quechua Pride And Perserverance Nowadays, about 500 communities in Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia and northwestern Argentina rely on what remains of the road, much of it overgrown or destroyed by earthquakes or landslides. In isolated areas, it remains the only road. While locals use it to go to market, it has always been more than just a means of transport. For them, Matos says, it s Mother Earth, a companion. And so they make offerings at sacred sites along the route, praying for safe travels and a speedy return, just as they have done for hundreds of years. Page 4
5 The Quechua have persevered over the years in spite of severe political and environmental threats. Nowadays the threats to indigenous people come from water scarcity and the depletion of natural resources, including copper, lead and gold. To preserve their traditional culture, [the Quechua] need to preserve the environment, especially from water and mining threats, Matos emphasizes. Education needs to be improved too. There are schools everywhere, he says, but there is no strong pre-hispanic history. Native communities are not strongly connected with their past. In Cusco, it s still strong. In other places, no. Still, he says, there is greater pride than ever among the Quechua, partly the benefit of vigorous tourism. Now people are feeling proud to speak Quechua, Matos says. People are feeling very proud to be descendants of the Inca. Page 5
April 02, Inca. The Inca controlled a vast empire covering parts of modern day Peru, Ecudor, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina.
Inca The Inca controlled a vast empire covering parts of modern day Peru, Ecudor, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. Find the Incan Empire on your map and color it in. April 02, 2014 Cuzco was the capital
More informationWhat endures from the ancient civilizations that ruled the Andes?
What endures from the ancient civilizations that ruled the Andes? By Smithsonian Institution, adapted by Newsela staff on 07.19.17 Word Count 1,113 Level 1020L Archaeological site in Moray, Peru, where
More informationInca Achievements WRITING Quechua MATH QUIPU
Inca Achievements WRITING The early history of the Incas is a mystery since the Inca never developed a writing system. The Inca like the ancient Africans had an oral tradition. Their spoken language was
More informationThe Inca Civilization. Ashley Feltz, Ashley Hamilton, Ashley Giles, James Porter and Chris Bernard
The Inca Civilization Ashley Feltz, Ashley Hamilton, Ashley Giles, James Porter and Chris Bernard History of the Inca Existed for 300 years, ruled all of South America for a hundred years.the sun was one
More informationTHIS BOX INCLUDES: Culture Box: Peru
PERU INTRODUCTION Peru has three distinct geographic regions: la costa, la sierra y la selva: coast, highland and jungle. The Pacific Ocean coastline is dominated by desert landscapes, to the high Andes
More informationChapter 10 Study Guide SOUTH AMERICA
Chapter 10 Study Guide SOUTH AMERICA When Spain and Portugal competed for trading lands in the New World, who came up with the line of demarcation to settle the dispute? The Caribbean Countries: Who was
More informationANCIENT INCA Worksheets
ANCIENT INCA Worksheets Contents 1. Ancient Inca Facts 2. Where is Ancient Inca? 3. Machu Picchu 4. Inca Art 5. Identifying Concept 6. Inca Legacy 7. Ancient Inca Word Search 8. Justify It 9. Directing
More informationWorld of the Incas and the North American Indians. Willow LeTard and Kevin Nguyen
World of the Incas and the North American Indians Willow LeTard and Kevin Nguyen World of the Twantinsuyu 1300 c.e. in the Andean highlands Notable advances in metallurgy and architecture The Incas had
More informationINKA TRAIL PICTURES - thanks to Sandip. INKA TRAIL PICTURES - thanks to Ann Mickle. INKA TRAIL PICTURES - thanks to Andreas
Note: The Sacred Valley tour and Inca Trail pictures will be coming as soon as I get a little help from friends that I made along the way. They promised to send me some pictures because my camera was stolen
More informationTHIS BOX INCLUDES: Culture Box: Peru
PERU INTRODUCTION Peru has three distinct geographic regions: la costa, la sierra y la selva: coast, highland and jungle. The Pacific Ocean coastline is dominated by desert landscapes, to the high Andes
More informationWhat Makes a Complex Society Complex?
What Makes a Complex Society Complex? The Dresden Codex. Public domain. Supporting Questions 1. How did the Maya use writing to represent activities in their culture? 2. What did the Aztecs do to master
More informationFriday, November 10, 2017
Friday, November 10, 2017 Andes and Midlatitude Countries Objective: Summarize the main physical features and regions of the Southern Cone. Identify and locate the urban centers and understand the pattern
More informationReading Essentials and Study Guide
Lesson 2 Early South American Civilizations ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS In what ways were civilizations in early Mesoamerica and South America complex? How were civilizations in early Mesoamerica and South America
More informationSacred path of the sage priest and priestess. March 26 April
Sacred path of the sage priest and priestess Journey to Peru with Puma Quispe Singona and Annika Lind March 26 April 6-2013 We had a magical journey to Peru in June/July 2012, and now our vision is set
More informationTreasures of the Incas. 8 Days
Treasures of the Incas 8 Days Treasures of the Incas Discover the best of Peru, from the Urubamba Valley to Machu Picchu. Stroll through the ancient back streets of the UNESCO World Heritage Site of Cusco.
More informationInca Pilgrimage - Part IV (Bolivia)
Inca Pilgrimage - Part IV (Bolivia) This the part IV of our Pilgrimage - Bolivia, our fourth country. Our journey in Bolivia took us first to La Paz, the highest capital in the world. It was really cold
More informationINCA IN FOCUS CUZCO - The Inca Capital
History UZCO - The Sa m Read a brief and factual history about the Inca Capital - Cuzco In this e-guide you will: *Read about life of the ancient Incas in Cuzco *Write about Cuzco *Make a Toy Llama ENRICHMENT4YOU
More informationAndean States. Cycles of Expansion and Collapse
Andean States Cycles of Expansion and Collapse Timeline Early Intermediate Period (200BCE AD 600) North Coast: Moche Civilization Southern Pole : Nazca Middle Horizon (AD 600 1000) First Highland States:
More informationSouth America Civilizations. Incan Empire
South America Civilizations Incan Empire Geography of South America The Andes mountains have several impacts on life in S. America. Provide large amounts rainfall to the west (Westward Side of Mountains).
More informationCUSCO ESCAPES THE WILD SIDE (Take a Ride on Mountain Bikes)
CUSCO ESCAPES THE WILD SIDE (Take a Ride on Mountain Bikes) Williams Ramos YOUR TRAVEL CONSEULOR AGENCY INKA ADRENALINE TOURS CC.HH Pachacuteq Bloque D N 206 Wanchaq Adventure tour guide & travel conseulor
More informationAUSANGATE 10 DAYS / 9 NIGHTS: CUSCO AND ITS SACRED MOUNTAIN. Welcome to Andean Lodges, the best Lodge to Lodge hike in the Peruvian Andes
Welcome to Andean Lodges, the best Lodge to Lodge hike in the Peruvian Andes 10 DAYS / 9 NIGHTS: CUSCO AND ITS SACRED MOUNTAIN AUSANGATE Camino del Apu www.andeanlodges.com www.andeanlodges.com Hiking
More informationAn Approach to Family Literacy in the Highlands of Bolivia: An Ongoing Experience with Aymara Families
University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Master's Capstone Projects Center for International Education 2001 An Approach to Family Literacy in the Highlands of Bolivia: An Ongoing
More informationThe Inca Civilization: its Rise to Greatness and its Downfall
The Inca Civilization: its Rise to Greatness and its Downfall By Ancient History Encyclopedia, adapted by Newsela staff on 08.23.17 Word Count 1,367 Level 1200L Machu Picchu is one of the most renowned
More informationADVENTURE TOURS. Inca Trail Salkantay Choquequirao
ADVENTURE TOURS Inca Trail Salkantay Choquequirao Inca Trail One of thr most fascinating trekking routes in the world 4 days 3 nights Ecuador Colombia Brazil Pacific Ocean Lima Machu Picchu Urubamba Cuzco
More informationSAMt. INCA tour Chile - Peru. Total Kilometers days 10 nights
An ADVENTURE of an incredible mixture of mystical archaeology sites and historical monuments, amazing nature combined with one of the oldest and most diverse cultures in South America. LIFE IS NOT - WITHOUT
More informationEthnicity, Race, Class, Gender in the Andean Countries ANT325
Ethnicity, Race, Class, Gender in the Andean Countries ANT325 Native Americans 15M - 30 Million people at the time of Conquest Indígenas. Highland Survivors and descendants of the Incas and conquered peoples
More information15th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics
15th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics 28-30 November 2018 - Cusco, Peru Tours and excursions in Cusco Information Half day City tour - Start Time: 14:30hrs Exclusive city tour that starts at San Cristobal
More informationIndigenous People and Community Culture Unit
Indigenous People and Community Culture Unit Big Idea: Culture, Culture, everywhere from me to you, from here to there, from past to present, Culture, Culture, Culture! 1 Vocabulary - Culture: The characteristics,
More informationDiscover the Sacred Valley & Lares Region. 9 Days
Discover the Sacred Valley & Lares Region 9 Days Discover the Sacred Valley & Lares Region Just north of Cusco lies a little-traveled region of tranquil lakes and rugged peaks, where farmers have grown
More informationAncient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere. Maya, Aztec, & Inca
Ancient Civilizations of the Western Hemisphere Maya, Aztec, & Inca THE MAYA The maximum extent of the Maya Maya - Location southern Mexico into northern Central America called the Yucatan Peninsula Maya
More informationInca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu
Peru Inca Trail Trek to Machu Picchu peru Peru is an extremely diverse country, with 11 ecological regions and 84 of the world s 117 different types of life zone. It has a huge variety of scenery thanks
More informationJourney to the Heart of Peru A Spiritual Healing Trip of a Lifetime June 30 July 17, 2011
Journey to the Heart of Peru A Spiritual Healing Trip of a Lifetime June 30 July 17, 2011 Join us as we venture into a world of enchantment, guided by spirit and an open heart. We will visit sacred sites
More informationsurprises, new friends and the company of like-minded adventurers at every step.
ABOUT MOUNTAIN LODGES OF PERU The Salkantay Trek with Mountain Lodges of Peru (MLP) offers adventure at its finest - the opportunity to experience true adventure within the realm of revitalizing comforts.
More informationJuly in Cusco, Peru 2018 Course Descriptions Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola
July in Cusco, Peru 2018 Course Descriptions Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola For course syllabi, please contact CISaustralia. Please note: Course availability is subject to change. Updated 28 September
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY BOLIVIA - HIGHLIGHTS OF BOLIVIA TRIP CODE BOTSBOH DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 7 Days LOCATIONS
INTRODUCTION This tour is a suggested itinerary designed by our specialist team! Choose this itinerary or alter it to design your own Journey. Discover the highlights of this fascinating country with its
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY BOLIVIA - LA PAZ TO CUSCO TRIP CODE MCTSLTC DEPARTURE. Daily DURATION. 8 Days LOCATIONS. Bolivia, Peru
INTRODUCTION This tour is a suggested itinerary designed by our specialist team! Choose this itinerary or alter it to design your own Journey. This spectacular eight day tour of South America s high mountain
More informationGEOGRAPHY. Peru holds all of these natural wonders!
GEOGRAPHY Have you ever heard of the Andes Mountains? The Amazon River and Rainforest? How about the Pacific Ocean? Peru holds all of these natural wonders! It s landscape is filled with MANY diverse land
More informationDay 1 flying from Amsterdam to Lima. Day 2 flying from Lima to Cusco
Day 1 flying from Amsterdam to Lima Day 2 flying from Lima to Cusco Day 3 ( ) cusco sacred valley. Enjoy breakfast with fellow travelers and then transfer to the airport, where we will fly to the Inca
More informationTHE ANDEAN AREA....How does the rich countries development affect some poor and 1. distant countries
THE ANDEAN AREA...How does the rich countries development affect some poor and 1 distant countries 1. Geographical situation of the Andean area South America view 2 Andes mountain range Amazonian basin
More information15th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics November Cusco, Peru. Travel Information
Peru 15th Global Forum on Tourism Statistics Travel Information Peru s history spans over more than 5000 years. It is one of the most culturally and environmentally diverse lands on the planet and an ideal
More information11/16/2015 PRESENTS COUNTRY SPOTLIGHT: Peru WHERE IN THE WORLD. Capital: Lima
PRESENTS COUNTRY SPOTLIGHT: Peru WHERE IN THE WORLD Capital: Lima 1 GEOGRAPHY Located in South America Shares borders with Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil, Bolivia and Chile It s the third largest country in
More information1: The Nile River Valley
1: The Nile River Valley In Nubia and Egypt, the Nile flows through the Sahara, a vast desert that stretches across most of northern Africa. Before reaching Egypt, the river in ancient times roared through
More informationUNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OF THE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE
World Heritage Distribution limited 27 COM WHC-03/27.COM/INF.13 Paris, 23 June 2003 Original : English/French UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE
More informationMesoamerican Civilizations
Mesoamerican Civilizations Human Migration Turn to page 237 and answer the two geography skillbuilder questions: What two continents does the Beringia land bridge connect? From where do scholars believe
More informationmachu picchu SUMMER 2019
CUSCO, PERU 13.5320 S, 71.9675 W machu picchu trip overview Nestled in the Andes mountains and frozen in time, the archeological and ecological wonders of Peru are unparalleled. In this South American
More informationSESSSION 26. Dr. Raquel Gil Montero Universidad Nacional de Tucumán and CONICET, Argentina
SESSSION 26 International Economic History Congress, Helsinki 2006; Session 26: Families, Kinship and Forms of Land Ownership in Mountain Societies (16th-20th Centuries) Dr. Raquel Gil Montero Universidad
More informationMystical Peru with Mary Lee LeBay. July 19-28, Pre-Tour Optional extensión to Nazca flight over Nazca lines July 16-18, 2013.
Mystical Peru with Mary Lee LeBay 19-28, 2013 Pre-Tour Optional extensión to Nazca flight over Nazca lines 16-18, 2013. Those arriving on Thursday. 18, 2013 will overnight in Lima (Ramada Costa del Sol
More informationTOUR GUIDE. Full day tour. City tour Cusco
TOUR GUIDE Full day tour City tour Cusco City tour Cusco Full day tour DESCRIPTION Be inspired as you walk through the ancestral streets and plazas of Cusco! You can walk through each era of history in
More informationChapter 6. Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania. 2011, The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Chapter 6 Early Societies in the Americas and Oceania 1 Early Mesoamerican Societies, 1200 B.C.E.-1100 C.E. 2 Origins of Mesoamerican Societies Migration across Bering land bridge? Probably 13,000 B.C.E.,
More informationSouth America. pg. 520 (5 th) pg. 523 (6 th )
South America pg. 520 (5 th) pg. 523 (6 th ) Venezuela Rich in Oil Lake Maracaibo Called Little Venice pg. 572 (5 th) pg. 574 (6 th ) Caracas 8 miles Inland 3000 pg. 572 (5 th) pg. 574 (6 th ) Caracas
More informationTREKKING GUIDE. Huchuy Qosqo. Full day trek
TREKKING GUIDE Huchuy Qosqo Full day trek Huchuy Qosqo DESCRIPTION Huchuy Qosqo the Little Cusco is an archeological site north of Cuzco, Peru it was originally an administrative and military center around
More informationCULINARY DEMONSTRATIONS
CULINARY DEMONSTRATIONS At Sumaq Machu Picchu Hotel you can learn to prepare a perfect ceviche, a traditional Peruvian dish consisting of citrus-marinated seafood, spiced with chili pepper. You ll also
More informationMACHU PICCHU AND LA PAZ TOUR & LAKE TITICACA CRUISE Travel in the Footsteps of the Incas from Lima to Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Lake Titicaca & La Paz
MACHU PICCHU AND LA PAZ TOUR & LAKE TITICACA CRUISE Travel in the Footsteps of the Incas from Lima to Cuzco, Machu Picchu, Lake Titicaca & La Paz 10 DAYS / 9 NIGHTS Travel to Machu Picchu and La Paz on
More informationCreativity, Activity, Service Peru Sample Itinerary
www.castrips.org Creativity,, Service Peru Sample Itinerary Creativity, & Service Peru Sample Itinerary Please note, this is a sample itinerary - all destinations, activities and timeframes can be changed
More informationPERUVIAN ANDES ADVENTURES LARES TREK TO MACHU PICCHU 04 DAYS THE WEAVERS TREK. Length: 04 days including Machu Picchu tour Grade: Moderate Trek
PERUVIAN ANDES ADVENTURES LARES TREK TO MACHU PICCHU 04 DAYS THE WEAVERS TREK Length: 04 days including Machu Picchu tour Grade: Moderate Trek The Lares Valley trek, also known as the Weavers Trek takes
More informationTOUR GUIDE. Machu Picchu. Full day tour
TOUR GUIDE Machu Picchu Full day tour Machu Picchu DESCRIPTION Named one of the New 7 wonders of the world, considered one of the most important energy centers in the world, and an iconic, world-renowned
More informationTRIP FOR THE SOUL PERU JULY 2012
TRIP FOR THE SOUL PERU JULY 2012 I invite you to share a wonderful and transformational experience in a magical and special place. This personalized journey will help to awaken and increase our consciousness
More informationTraditional Excursions:
Traditional Excursions: We organize different kinds of experiences in Cusco city, Sacred valley and Machu Picchu. Our experiences are private and customized to satisfy all your expectations. We offer unforgettable
More informationJust ahead of me, around a bend, I heard my companion exclaim in exasperation, "You have GOT to be kidding me!" After three long, but exhilarating
Just ahead of me, around a bend, I heard my companion exclaim in exasperation, "You have GOT to be kidding me!" After three long, but exhilarating days of hiking, we were finally at the point where the
More information*Latin America spans 7,000 miles, from Mexico to Tierra Del Fuego. *3 Regions: Central America, South America, and the Caribbean.
Physical Geography Latin America spans 7,000 miles, from Mexico to Tierra Del Fuego *3 Regions: Central America, South America, and the Caribbean. *Intro clip: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cffp6rza3
More informationJuly 13, Sunday: Leave USA. July 14, Monday: Arrive 7:40 in Piura. July 15, Tuesday: Piura Frias Activities:
July 13, Sunday: Leave USA Leave Seattle and arrive in Lima early Monday. Get through Customs and Immigration and wait for early morning flight to Piura. July 14, Monday: Arrive 7:40 in Piura Welcoming
More informationEgyptian Civilization (3100 B.C-332 B.C.)
Egyptian Civilization (3100 B.C-332 B.C.) Ancient Egypt -a land of mysteries. No other civilization has so captured the imagination of scholars and public in general. Mystery surrounds its origins, its
More informationINTRODUCTION ITINERARY PERU - LARES ADVENTURE TO MACHU PICCHU TRIP CODE PETSLAA DEPARTURE
INTRODUCTION The Chimu Collections range consists of boutique properties, cruises & itineraries, throughout Latin America, designed for travellers seeking unique experiences. Join us to explore the Sacred
More informationADVENTURE PROGRAM: APURIMAC RIVER: Head Water of the Amazon River + MACHU PICCHU
ADVENTURE PROGRAM: APURIMAC RIVER: Head Water of the Amazon River + MACHU PICCHU DAY BY DAY ITINERARY DAY 1: ARRIVE TO CUSCO At your arrival to Cusco Airport our representative will be waiting for you
More informationAUTHENTIC travel experiences
www.intenseperu.com AUTHENTIC travel experiences intense peru online travel agency and tour operator We are an experienced online travel agency and tour operator. We create authentic and unforgettable
More informationThe capital of Ecuador is Quito. Ecuador is located in western South America, and borders Colombia to the southwest and Peru to the northwest.
ECUADOR The capital of Ecuador is Quito. Ecuador is located in western South America, and borders Colombia to the southwest and Peru to the northwest. Ecuador has a population of 15,654,411 people and
More informationLEARN * DREAM * AWAKEN* DISCOVER * ENLIGHTEN * INVESTIGATE * QUESTION * EXPLORE
History Aztec, Mayan & Inca Marketplaces & Commerce In Focus file History ple m Sa *Read about Aztec, Mayan & Inca Markets & Commerce *Write about an Aztec, Mayan or Inca Marketplace *Make a Model of a
More informationMachu Picchu Innto-Inn Express Trek. 7 Days
Machu Picchu Innto-Inn Express Trek 7 Days Machu Picchu Inn-to-Inn Express Trek Similar to our popular Machu Picchu Inn-to-Inn Trek, this streamlined, seven-day adventure gives you extra flexibility in
More informationLUXURY TRAIL TO MACHU PICCHU Mountain Lodge to Lodge Trek to Machu Picchu - Tour Extension
LUXURY TRAIL TO MACHU PICCHU Mountain Lodge to Lodge Trek to Machu Picchu - Tour Extension 7 DAYS / 6 NIGHTS Trekking from lodge to lodge, enjoy the comfort and service of top-quality mountain lodges located
More informationPSMAV2 - THE CHASKI TRAIL
PSMAV2 - THE CHASKI TRAIL RESUME DURATION AND SEASON 02 Days/ 1 Night - 01/04-01/12 LOCATION From Cusco to the Sacred Valley of the Incas; Heights of the Piuray, Huchuy Qosqo, and Lamay lagoon COORDINATES
More informationArt and Politics: Contemporary Arpilleras
University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Textile Society of America Symposium Proceedings Textile Society of America 9-2012 Art and Politics: Contemporary Arpilleras
More informationPERU ADVENTURE PROGRAM Cusco Inca Trail Machu Picchu - Rainbow Mountain 10 Days - 9 Nights
PERU ADVENTURE PROGRAM Cusco Inca Trail Machu Picchu - Rainbow Mountain 10 Days - 9 Nights Day 01: June 7 th Lima Arrival in Lima, assistance and transfer to the hotel. Accommodation in Lima Meals: None
More informationEXPLORE MYSTICAL PERU Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley, Cusco, Lake Titicaca
EXPLORE MYSTICAL PERU Machu Picchu, Sacred Valley, Cusco, Lake Titicaca Peru is a place that calls to the heart of those who are ready for a spiritual awakening. It is said that a Journey to Peru is a
More informationMany ecotourists visit the various natural habitats in Central America. Why do you think ecotourism has become so popular?
Chapter 9 Middle America and Spanish Speaking South America pg. 252 287 9 1 Central America pg. 255 259 Connecting to Your World What is one country in Central America that promotes ecotourism? Many ecotourists
More informationNovember 2015 SHAMANIC PILGRIMAGE TO PERU
15-26 November 2015 SHAMANIC PILGRIMAGE TO PERU ARE YOU READY FOR THE JOURNEY OF A LIFETIME? Our journey will include at least 3 ceremonies with medicine plants and teachings from Peruvian traditions.
More informationCountries Of The World: Mexico
Countries Of The World: Mexico By National Geographic Kids, adapted by Newsela staff on 06.07.18 Word Count 659 Level MAX Image 1: The pyramids of Guachimontones in Jalisco, Mexico. Mexico is a country
More informationLAST TIME (Happy 300 th Birthday Ben Franklin!)
LAST TIME (Happy 300 th Birthday Ben Franklin!) Latin American Diversity: Introduction Physical Geography of Mexico, Caribbean, and Central America: 1. Mexican drylands 2. Mesoamerican Highlands 3. Coastal
More informationThe Nile Valley For use with pages 38 46
READING ESSENTIALS AND STUDY GUIDE 2-1 The Nile Valley For use with pages 38 46 Key Terms cataract: spot of rapid waters in a river (page 39) delta: area of fertile soil at a river s end (page 39) papyrus:
More informationAndes Majesty Atacama and Bolivia
Andes Majesty Atacama and Bolivia This 13-day journey takes the intrepid traveller through the dazzling lunar landscapes of the high Andes. Explore this ultimate wilderness in a private 4x4 and admire
More informationHORSEBACK RIDING. All rates are subject to service charges
HORSEBACK RIDING The Local Loop Ride - A family-friendly 45-minutes to one hour ride around Dunton s east property. Perfect for children and adults who are new to riding. Easy terrain and beautiful views.
More informationOur winter collection for 2018 is inspired by two major destinations: the Andean countries and Japan.
Our winter collection for 2018 is inspired by two major destinations: the Andean countries and Japan. Unlike previous years we leave the cities for the majesty of lakes and mountains, discovering new harmonies,
More informationFriday, November 10, 2017
Friday, November 10, 2017 Human Geography of the Andes and Midlatitude Countries Language Objective: Analyze the demographic information from the Andean region of South America. Finish Geography Now activity
More informationINCA TRAIL TO MACHU PICCHU
PERU TREK TOUGH ABOUT THE CHALLENGE Machu Picchu is one of the most iconic sights in South America, and the culmination of our magnificent Inca Trail trek through the Peruvian Andes. Join us as we trek
More informationPILGRIMAGE TO MYSTICAL PERU
PILGRIMAGE TO MYSTICAL PERU Awakening the Divine Feminine July 6 July 20, 2019 A Joyful Life Changing Experience Guided by María del Rosario (Charo) A Spiritual Journey to Open the Heart, Heal the Soul,
More informationItinerary Planning Document. Peru. The Andes and Altitude Sickness
Itinerary Planning Document This general information is provided to help ensure that your itinerary is planned best to suit you. Please have a thorough read of the areas below as many of these items may
More informationCULINARY DEMONSTRATIONS
CULINARY DEMONSTRATIONS At Sumaq Machu Picchu Hotel you can learn to prepare a perfect ceviche, a traditional Peruvian dish consisting of citrus-marinated seafood, spiced with chili pepper. You ll also
More informationCycling Across Peru...recap of our 2016 tour
Cycling Across Peru...recap of our 2016 tour Pampamarca, Peru. Elevation: 14,000 feet. Population: 100. Temperature: 28F degrees, Heat: none. It takes a strong person to roll over in bed when covered with
More informationHuman Geo of Latin America
Human Geo of Latin America Fill in the 8 Blanks Latin America is generally understood to consist of the entire continent of South America in addition to,, Mexico Central America and the islands of the
More informationInca Culture. Kelly Prince
Inca Culture Kelly Prince History Estimates ranging from 4 million people to over 37 million people have been debated as the population of the Inca empire at its peak was the largest empire in pre-columbian
More informationGUIDE PERU & BOLIVIA 28 DAYS SUMMER 2019
GUIDE PERU & BOLIVIA SUMMER 2019 28 DAYS WHERE ARE YOU GOING? PERU & BOLIVIA These two neighbouring countries offer so many adventures and unmissable sights, it wouldn t be right to visit one and not the
More informationGUIDE PERU 28 DAYS SUMMER 2019
GUIDE PERU SUMMER 2019 28 DAYS WHERE ARE YOU GOING? PERU From exotic jungle to coastal desert via the breath-taking peaks of the Andes; Peru s staggering variety of places to visit means the potential
More informationHow the Nile River Led to Civilization in Ancient Egypt
How the Nile River Led to Civilization in Ancient Egypt By USHistory.org, adapted by Newsela staff on 03.07.17 Word Count 786 Level 950L TOP: This photo, taken around 1915, shows the flooding of the Nile
More informationGUIDE PERU & BOLIVIA 28 DAYS SUMMER 2019
GUIDE PERU & BOLIVIA SUMMER 2019 28 DAYS These two neighbouring countries offer so many adventures and unmissable sights, it wouldn t be right to visit one and not the other! Peru and Bolivia offer a truly
More informationA funny sounding lake. South American Landforms, Climate, and Vegetation
A funny sounding lake South American Landforms, Climate, and Vegetation 3 4 Essential Question: How have physical features and climate affected the population distribution of Latin America? 5 I. Landforms
More informationCUSCO, SACRED VALLEY & MACHU PICCHU
CUSCO, SACRED VALLEY & MACHU PICCHU (04 days / 03 nights) Description: Enjoy a quick tour package of the Cusco s main tourist attractions. It was in Peru that the mighty Inca Empire flourished and the
More informationPeru Tri X Challenge Conquer Peru s extreme terrains by Raft, Bike and Foot
Peru Tri X Challenge Conquer Peru s extreme terrains by Raft, Bike and Foot Peru is frequently referred to as the land of the Incas and has some of the most spectacular and varied scenery in South America.
More informationLatin America s Physical Geography. EQ: What are characteristics of Latin America s physical features?
Latin America s Physical Geography EQ: What are characteristics of Latin America s physical features? Your Task: We are going to participate in a Museum Walk! You will travel around the room with a partner
More informationCHAPTER 12. South America. Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: South America Today. HOLT World Geography
CHAPTER 12 South America Section 1: Natural Environments Section 2: History and Culture Section 3: South America 1 Section 1 Natural Environments Objectives: What are the major landforms and rivers of
More informationJourney to Peru with John Perkins and Daniel Koupermann December 6 16, 2014
Journey to Peru with John Perkins and Daniel Koupermann December 6 16, 2014 This December, John Perkins and Daniel Koupermann will lead a group of travelers to Peru, concentrating on Lima, the Sacred Valley,
More informationCycling Across Peru...Details for the 2019 Tour
Cycling Across Peru...Details for the 2019 Tour Pampamarca, Peru. Elevation: 14,000 feet. Population: 100. Temperature: 28F degrees, Heat: none. It takes a strong person to roll over in bed when covered
More information