Summary of Breeding Bird Counts in the Olkiluoto Archipelago

Transcription

1 Working Report Summary of Breeding Bird Counts in the Olkiluoto Archipelago Pekka Alho Tiina Sojakka February 2018 POSIVA OY Olkiluoto FI EURAJOKI, FINLAND Phone (02) (nat.), ( ) (int.) Fax (02) (nat.), ( ) (int.)

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3 Working Report Summary of Breeding Bird Counts in the Olkiluoto Archipelago Pekka Alho Varsinais-Suomen luonto- ja ympäristöpalvelut Tiina Sojakka Posiva Oy February 2018 Working Reports contain information on work in progress or pending completion.

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5 SUMMARY OF BREEDING BIRD COUNTS IN THE OLKILUOTO ARCHIPELAGO ABSTRACT This report presents a summary of the bird count results from 2009 to 2015 and compares it with the data collected in Since 2009 breeding season bird counts have been done in the archipelago surrounding Olkiluoto as part of environmental monitoring done by Posiva Ltd. The study area of bird counts locates in the northern half of the Natura 2000 site in Rauma Archipelago and is also a part of Bothnian Sea National Park. The Olkiluoto archipelago avian fauna can generally be described as very rich and diverse. According to breeding bird counts between 2009 and 2015, the study area holds several species of EU bird s directive and species in national estimate of endangeredness. Compared to previous counts during the years , some changes in bird population have occurred within relatively short time period. Some species population have suffered from dramatic decline (for example Canada Goose) and some completely new breeding species (for example Great Cormorant) are established in the area Keywords: Olkiluoto, archipelago, bird population, breeding bird count, Bothnian Sea

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7 YHTEENVETO OLKILUODON ALUEEN SAARTEN LINTULASKENNOISTA TIIVISTELMÄ Tämä tutkimus esittelee yhteenvedon vuosien välisenä aikana tehdyistä lintulaskennoista ja vertaa niiden tuloksia tehtyjen laskentojen tuloksiin. Vuodesta 2009 lähtien pesivien lintujen laskentoja on tehty Olkiluodon alueen saarissa osana Posiva Oy:n suorittamaa ympäristön monitorointia. Lintulaskentojen tutkimusalue sijaitsee Natura-2000 alueen pohjoisessa osassa Rauman saaristossa ja on myös osa Selkämeren kansallispuistoa. Olkiluodon alueen saarten linnustoa voidaan kuvailla hyvin monipuoliseksi ja runsaaksi. Lintulaskentojen mukaan tutkimusalueella esiintyy useita EU:n lintudirektiivin lajeja, sekä kansallisella tasolla uhanalaisiksi määriteltyjä lajeja. Verrattaessa aikaisempiin tutkimuksiin vuosilta voidaan havaita muutamia suhteellisen lyhyessä ajassa ilmaantuneita muutoksia alueen lintupopulaatiossa. Jotkut lintupopulaatiot ovat kärsineet voimakkaasta kannanlaskusta (esimerkiksi kanadanhanhi) ja joitain alueelle uusia lajeja (muun muassa merimetso) on vakiintunut edellisten lintulaskentojen jälkeen. Keywords: Olkiluoto, saaristo, linnusto, lintulaskennat, Selkämeri

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9 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT TIIVISTELMÄ 1 INTRODUCTION STUDY AREA RESEARCH METHODS RESULTS REFERENCES APPENDIX A. BIRD OBSERVATION DONE IN OLKILUOTO ARCHIPELAGO BETWEEN 2009 AND

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11 3 1 INTRODUCTION Changes in bird ecosystems are considered good indicators for environmental changes. Since 2009 breeding season bird counts have been done in the archipelago surrounding Olkiluoto as part of environmental monitoring. The first year 2009 was dedicated to get familiar with the study area, which was then for practical reasons divided into two: the southern archipelago of Eurajoki municipality and the norther archipelago of Rauma town (cf. Map 1). In Olkiluoto Sea region the monitoring frequency has basically been every other year, with more and less unexpected limitations occurred, the most common of these being the weather. Monitoring activities of breeding bird fauna in outer archipelago are often blocked because of severe wind and/or rain making boating and landing on small islands and islets impossible or challenging. In addition, the seabed and most of the shorelines in the study area are very rocky and challenging for field work. On the other hand, the disturbance for nesting birds is never advisable in windy and/or rainy circumstances. The scope of the work is to produce data on bird population amounts for modelling of the long-term conditions in the biosphere. This report presents a summary of the bird count results from 2009 to 2015 and compares it with the data collected in Breeding bird counts continued in 2016 but these results were not analyzed in this report. Results from 2016 are still reported in Appendix A which presents all the results from the bird counts done in all the study islands in Rauma Archipelago and Eurajoki area between 2009 and Pekka Alho (Varsinais-Suomen luonto- ja ympäristöpalvelut) has been the main writer of the report. Pekka Alho has also produced the tables and taken the pictures of the report. Tiina Sojakka (Posiva Oy) has commented and edited the report and done all the tables in Appendix A. Tuomas Pere (Posiva Oy) has commented and edited the report. Field work has been carried out by Varsinais-Suomen luonto- ja ympäristöpalvelut.

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13 5 2 STUDY AREA The study area consists of the northern half of the Natura 2000 site Rauman Saaristo (in english: Rauma Archipelago) (FI ). The northern part of this area belongs to the Eurajoki municipality. Rauma Archipelago has a diverse bird population which is not protected on the bases of the EU bird directive, but within the sites of community importance (SCI). More widely, the study area is also a part of Bothnian Sea National Park that was founded relatively recently in Only few minor islands included in breeding bird monitoring scheme on Eurajoki s side are situated outside this definition. The study area of Eurajoki South has in principle 17 different islands or islets and Rauma North 15. Study area is illustrated in Map 1. Picture pairs of Caspian Terns breed in the study area nowadays compared to 0-1 in 1980 s. Rauma, Truutkallio 2009 Pekka Alho

14 6 Map 1. Blue marking line shows the study area. It is shared with municipality border with Rauma in South, Eurajoki in North (blue-spotted line). Bothnian Sea National Park is marked with green shadowing line.

15 7 3 RESEARCH METHODS According to the official guidelines of breeding birds count for inland habitat, the most favorable time for counts begins together with early sunrise. Much of the data in those bird counts is collected of birds singing or alarming in their territories, often based only on heard observations. With most birds the active singing is concentrated to early morning hours, though singing often occurs more randomly later the day. However, this is not the case with archipelago bird-counts where the observations are done more sighting based, with less emphasis on hearing. In both cases the perhaps most important thing still is the suitable weather, but to be able to act in archipelago it is even more crucial. Picture 2. The most important equipment used in archipelago bird counts includes telescope, binoculars, notebook, warm clothing and life-jacket. Olkiluoto Pekka Alho In Olkiluoto the field days have normally begun at 7 am due to practical reasons. The work is carried out in a team of two counters for two main reasons: safety and effectiveness. The island or an islet is once walked around with other counter following the shoreline, the other more inland, depending also on size and habitat of the island. In larger colonies of gulls, terns, cormorants, waders and waterfowl, both counters may need to concentrate on nest and nestlings counting. The number of eggs or nestlings in nests is booked and later ring-banding of birds done. The methods in previous counts during 1980 s have been basically much the same, but not all the data is directly or easily comparable due to the wide variation in field dates, spring progress etc. Also the warblers were not much noticed in earlier counts. Only very few species that were considered pelagic enough, such as Rock Pipit (Anthus petrosus), or otherwise interesting like Sand Martin (Riparia riparia), were reported. The Northern Wheatear (Oenanthe oenanthe) was not included in the earlier counts, though it is now in

16 8 category of vulnerable in the red list of threatened species of Finland (Mikkola-Roos et al. 2010). Perhaps this was due to Wheatear still being relatively common not only in archipelago, but in cultural landscape of continent too. Now the archipelago seems to remain the only stronghold of this Africa-migrating warbler, with suitable open country habitat loss and negative changes in agricultural areas of mainland. In Olkiluoto archipelago the Northern Wheatear is still doing quite well, with breeding pairs on most of the studied islands. Picture 3. Common Eider population has been decreasing significantly since 1990 s. This development is clearly seen on Olkiluoto study area too. Female Common Eider, Eurajoki, Kalla Pekka Alho The results of the bird counts often depend on the date of the count, connected with the preceding weather conditions. Some of the species, like Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Greylag Goose (Anser anser) and Common Eider (Somateria mollissima), breed early and cannot be reliably counted later, as the dispersal of the broods takes place soon after hatching. In early springs this may happen already in April, when the main population of breeding birds has not even arrived or at least not settled. For example in 2015, the cool spring weather resulted that most of the terns were not yet settled in their becoming territories by mid-may. On the other hand, some of the birds like Velvet Scoter (Melanitta fusca) breed so late, that they are often overlooked and underestimated in basic bird counts. This means that even when having several counts per season, results often remain compromises on some level. However a good overview can though be achieved with two counts per season, as the waders, gulls, terns, skuas, guillemots, cormorants and open country warblers occupy their territories for longer periods. Even a single count on late May first half of June gives useful data on most of the archipelago breeding birds.

17 9 Picture 4. Situating in the coastal main migration route, the study area of Olkiluoto archipelago is also an important area for resting birds. Especially many waders like Dunlins (Calidris alpina) in the picture use the area as a stop-over for feeding during their migration. Waterfowl rests during migration too, but also during their moulting. Eurajoki, Iso-Pyrekari Pekka Alho

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19 11 4 RESULTS The Olkiluoto archipelago avian fauna can generally be described as very rich and diverse. According to breeding bird counts between 2009 and 2016, the study area holds several species of EU bird s directive and so called red list species in national estimate of endangeredness (Mikkola-Roos et al. 2010). Compared to previous counts during the years (Sundelin & Sarlund 1992), surprisingly remarkable changes in bird population have occurred within relatively short time period. The results of the bird observations done in the study islands are presented at end of this chapter in tables 1 to 4 and in Appendix A. Some of the archipelago breeding species have remained quite stable in Olkiluoto sea region during the decades from 1970 s to these days of Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), Common Merganser (Mergus merganser), Herring Gull (Larus argentatus), Great Black Backed Gull (Larus marinus) and Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix) seem more or less stable. Also Common Shelduck (Tadorna tadorna) and Eurasian Wigeon (Anas Penelope) seem stable, though very scarce breeders in region. The Arctic Tern (Sterna paradisaea) shows a strong and stable trend in Gulf of Bothnia and even clear growth within the study area. Four completely new breeding species are already established in the area after the previous counts, with no signs till early 1990 s. The Barnacle Goose (Branta leucopsis), Gadwall (Anas strepera) and the Great Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) are already well established, whereas the Little Gull (Hydrocoloeus minutus) is always more erratic and may change breeding sites more easily. The Little Gull was first found breeding in Reimarkrunni 2013 with 8 pairs. In 2015 just 3 pairs was left and also all the other birds breeding s failed in the islet probably due to an American Mink. According to the results the increasing species have been much the same as on national level: Mute Swan (Cygnus olor), Greylag Goose (Anser anser), Common tern (Sterna hirundo), Mew Gull (Larus canus), Oystercatcher (Haematopus ostralegus) and the Rock Pipit (Anthus petrosus). Of the rarer species the Parasitic Jaeger (Stercorarius parasiticus) and the Caspian Tern (Sterna caspia) have new single pairs established. A bit more surprisingly it seems that in Olkiluoto region also the Norther Shoveler (Anas clypeata), Common Redshank (Tringa totanus) and the Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus) have or may have increased at least on some extent. According to the published evaluations (Hario & Rintala 2010) at least the populations of Common Redshank and Lesser Black-backed Gull ( Baltic Gull ) have experienced a long term decline, which is also the perception of Bird Atlas of Rauma region (Vasko et al. 2006). The Baltic Gull though seems to show a slight, but clear recovery recently, whereas the environment in this particular study area is perhaps attempting for Common Redshank, with several shoreline meadows still remaining. The negative results in Olkiluoto area indicate a dramatic decline on population of Canada goose (Branta canadensis), Tufted Duck (Aythya fuligula), Greater Scaup (Aythya marila), Common Eider (Somateria mollisima), Ruddy Turnstone (Arenaria interpres) and Sand Martin (Riparia riparia). In Olkiluoto study area only few pairs of Canada goose remain out of 20 pairs in late 1980 s early 1990 s. Slight decline in Olkiluoto

20 12 archipelago was also observed within Ringed Plover (Charadrius hiaticula), Black Guillemot (Cepphus grylle) and Black-Headed Gull (Larus ridibundus) populations. Also the Northern Pintail (Anas acuta) seems to be decreasing, though the numbers have always been very low in South West archipelago. Picture 5. According to results, the Tufted Duck is one of the most decreasing species in the area. Breeding pair, Eurajoki, Kalla Pekka Alho The Meadow pipit is still fairly common in the study area, as it has almost faced extinction in the southern part of Finland (Mikkola-Roos et al. 2010). Common Sandpiper (Actitis hypoleucos) breeds in few pairs, as does the Caspian tern with slight increase from 0-1 to 2-3 established pairs breeding in three different islands of study area. More or less occasional breeding seem to occur with e.g. Teal (Anas crecca), Northern Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus) and Great Crested Grebe (Podiceps cristatus). Much variation between the years occurs within small warbler species, though the Willow Warbler (Phylloscopus trochilus), Lesser- and Common Whitethroat (Sylvia curruca & Sylvia communis), Blackbird (Turdus merula), Chaffinch (Frincilla coelebs) and Greenfinch (Carduelis chloris) are relatively common in islands of more bush and tree growth. Scarce breeding warblers in study area include e.g. Skylark (Alauda arvensis), Thrush Nightingale (Luscinia luscinia) and Barn Swallow (Hirundo rustica). The situation of some of the waterfowl species in the region, like late breeding Red-Breasted Merganser and Velvet Scoter cannot be judged with certainty based on the existing material. At least some, but perhaps even strong decline in case of Velvet Scoter may be seen. In 2009 a Dunlin of subspecies "Schinzii", also known as southern dunlin was displaying on territory in Kalla s eastern-end meadow. Though considered only as subspecies, it is officially defined in the category of most endangered of all bird species in Finland CR, critical. Southern Dunlin was not noticed in following years, but the indication for still suitable habitat was clear. The Bird Atlas of Rauma region (Vasko et al. 2006) represents two earlier records from 1932 and from 1970 s. Southern Dunlins have suffered from

21 13 habitat loss of shoreline meadows in all Baltic Sea area and nowadays it is even hard to find a mate for remaining individuals. In Varsinais-Suomi, the only existing pair in 2015 bred in Jurmo, an island belonging to the municipality of Parainen in the Archipelago Sea. In north, the situation in traditional breeding grounds of Satakunta is not much better, but few pairs still remain in shorelines of Yyteri. Another particularly interesting species in the area is the Greater Scaup. In period of , Scaup was still one of the basic waterfowl species in the Olkiluoto and the Gulf of Bothnia sea region. The Scaup was breeding relatively commonly also from near South (Uusikaupunki) to near North (Pori). In 1991 the population in study region was estimated to be stable with 11 pairs. From 2009 onwards the only breeding was found and confirmed on Rauma s side of the study area, in the outermost islet of Ruskikarta (Picture 6). The development has been very similar in Pori region.

22 14 Picture 6. Last confirmed breeding of Greater Scaup was found on 18 th June 2009 in outer islet of Ruskikarta Pekka Alho Olkiluoto study area holds one of the biggest cormorant colonies in Finland. Cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) of the subspecies Sinensis became back as a breeding species in early 2000 s. In Rauma archipelago the first breeding took place in 2005 (Vasko et al. 2006). Though still slightly growing, the population now seems to be reaching the level of stabilization as already has happened a bit earlier in Sweden. The cormorant colony has been monitored every year and many of the juveniles ring-marked for increased knowledge. Recoveries of marked individuals reveal a wide distribution of movements, though the South-West is clearly the predominant direction of migration. Some of the Cormorant reaches even northern Africa (Website of Finland's Environmental Administration 2016).

23 15 Picture 7. Cormorants hatching in Rauma Puskakari colony 2012 Pekka Alho Tables 1-4 presents the number of breeding pairs during the follow-up scheme and compares the data with results from previous studies of (Sundelin & Sarlund 1992). In the tables are included most the common archipelago breeding bird species of the region and some other key species of Olkiluoto archipelago. Because of yearly variables in research activities the interpretation of the figures in the tables is not so straight forwards as presented here, for example the exact level of Common Eider decline in the area cannot be judged, as the counts often at least partly miss this early breeding species. The simplified version though allows a good overview to the changes in Olkiluoto archipelago avian fauna, supported by the national data and interpretation based on all archipelago breeding birds count data of Finnish coastline. The figures in the tables 1 to 4 show the range between minimum and maximum of regularly breeding pairs noticed. If the species is recorded breeding in the island only occasionally, the number is shown in brackets. If the species is recorded, but with no more detail available, letter x has been used. Colours have been used to emphasis the increasing (green) and decreasing species (red), as well as different study periods. The names of the islands are in the uppermost row of the tables. The results from the bird counts done in all the study islands in Rauma Archipelago and Eurajoki area between 2009 and 2016 are presented in Appendix A.

24 16 Table 1. The number of breeding pairs during the and in islands of Kalla, Ruskikarta and Puskakari-Puskakarta. Kalla Ruskikarta Puskakari- Puskakarta Species Mute Swan (1) 1-2 (1) 1 Greylag Goose (1) Canada Goose Barnacle Goose Common Shelduck 1 (2) 1-2 Gadwall Eurasian Teal 0-1 (1) Eurasian Wigeon (1) 0-1 (1) Mallard (1) Northern Pintail (1) (1) Northern Shoveler (1) Tufted Duck Greater Scaup (1) 1-2 Common Eider Velvet Scoter 5-(30) (7) 1 Red-Breasted Merganser (2) (1) Common Merganser (2) Great Cormorant Eurasian Oystercatcher Northern Lapwing 1 (1) Common Ringed Plover (1) Southern Dunlin (1) Ruddy Turnstone (1) Common Redshank Parasitic Jaeger Black Guillemot Arctic Tern Common tern Caspian Tern 1 1 Black-headed Gull (2-18) 1-3 (1) Mew Gull European Herring Gull 1-(20) Lesser Black-backed Gull (1) (3) Great Black-backed Gull Sand Martin 0-1 Meadow Pipit 3-6 Eurasian Rock Pipit (1) White Wagtail x Hooded Crow

25 17 Table 2. The number of breeding pairs during the and in islands of Truutkallio, Iso-Kivikkokari and Vähä-Kivikkokari. Truutkallio Iso- Kivikkokari Vähä- Kivikkokari Species Mute Swan Greylag Goose 1 Canada Goose (1) Barnacle Goose (1) (2) (1) Common Shelduck Gadwall Eurasian Teal (1) Eurasian Wigeon Mallard (1) (1) Northern Pintail Northern Shoveler (1) (1) Tufted Duck 0-3 x (1) Greater Scaup Common Eider x Velvet Scoter 1-6 (1) 1 Red-Breasted Merganser Common Merganser Great Cormorant Eurasian Oystercatcher 1 1 Northern Lapwing Common Ringed Plover (1) Southern Dunlin Ruddy Turnstone (1-2) (1) Common Redshank Parasitic Jaeger Black Guillemot (1) Arctic Tern 2-31 (1) Common tern Caspian Tern 1 Black-headed Gull Mew Gull (1) (1) 0-1 European Herring Gull Lesser Black-backed Gull Great Black-backed Gull Sand Martin 10 Meadow Pipit 0-2 Eurasian Rock Pipit (1) (1) White Wagtail Hooded Crow

26 18 Table 3. The number of breeding pairs during the and in islands of Koppelkrunni, Pohjan Bokreivi and Etelän Bokreivi. Koppelkrunni Pohjan Bokreivi Etelän Bokreivi Species Mute Swan (1) Greylag Goose Canada Goose Barnacle Goose (1) (1) Common Shelduck (1) (1) Gadwall 1 Eurasian Teal (1) Eurasian Wigeon (1) (1) Mallard 0-2 (1) x Northern Pintail 0-1 (1) Northern Shoveler (1) (1) Tufted Duck Greater Scaup Common Eider Velvet Scoter x-10 (1) Red-Breasted Merganser Common Merganser 0-1 (1) Great Cormorant Eurasian Oystercatcher Northern Lapwing (1) (1) Common Ringed Plover (1) (1) 0-2 Southern Dunlin Ruddy Turnstone Common Redshank Parasitic Jaeger (1) Black Guillemot Arctic Tern Common tern Caspian Tern Black-headed Gull (1-5) (2) Mew Gull European Herring Gull (2) Lesser Black-backed Gull (1) 1 0 (1) Great Black-backed Gull (1) Sand Martin 2-5 (1) 5-15 Meadow Pipit Eurasian Rock Pipit (1) (1) White Wagtail Hooded Crow

27 19 Table 4. The number of breeding pairs during the and in islands of Isokrunni-Porhovare and Reimarkrunni. The two most right-handed columns presents the range between minimum and maximum of regularly breeding pairs noticed in the all study islands. Isokrunni- Porhovare Reimarkrunni Total pairs min.-max. Total pairs min.-max. Species Mute Swan Greylag Goose (1) Canada Goose Barnacle Goose Common Shelduck Gadwall (1) Eurasian Teal Eurasian Wigeon Mallard (1) 1 (1) Northern Pintail Northern Shoveler (1) Tufted Duck (1) Greater Scaup (1) Common Eider (10) Velvet Scoter (1) Red-Breasted Merganser (1) (1) Common Merganser (1) Great Cormorant Eurasian Oystercatcher Northern Lapwing Common Ringed Plover Southern Dunlin Ruddy Turnstone (1) Common Redshank (1) Parasitic Jaeger (1) Black Guillemot Arctic Tern (1-5) Common tern Caspian Tern 1 2 Black-headed Gull Mew Gull (1) 7-13 (1) European Herring Gull (1-2) (1) Lesser Black-backed Gull (2) Great Black-backed Gull (1) 0-1 (1) Sand Martin Meadow Pipit Eurasian Rock Pipit White Wagtail 1 1? Hooded Crow

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29 21 5 REFERENCES Hario, M. & Rintala, J Population trends of the archipelago birds along Finnish coasts during Linnut Vuosikirja 2010, p Mikkola-Roos, M., Tiainen, J., Below, A., Hario, M., Lehikoinen, A., Lehikoinen, E., Lehtiniemi, T., Rajasärkkä, A., Valkama, J. & Väisänen, R. A. 2010: Linnut. In: Rassi, P., Hyvärinen, E., Juslén, A. & Mannerkoski, I. (eds.), Suomen lajien uhanalaisuus. Punainen kirja Ympäristöministeriö & Suomen ympäristökeskus, Helsinki, p (In Finnish) Sundelin, R. & Sarlund, T. 1992: Rauman pohjoissaaristo, pesivä linnusto Ympäristöministeriö/Rauman maalaiskunta. 109 p. (In Finnish) Valkama, J., Vepsäläinen, V. & Lehikoinen, A The Third Finnish Breeding Bird Atlas. Finnish Museum of Natural History and Ministry of Environment. Referred Vasko, V., Lampolahti, J. & Sundelin, R. 2006: Rauman seudun lintuatlas. Rauman Seudun Lintuharrastajat ry. 134 p. (In Finnish) Website of Finland's Environmental Administration. Finnish Environment Institute. Merimetsoseuranta (In Finnish). Referred

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31 23 APPENDIX A. BIRD OBSERVATION DONE IN OLKILUOTO ARCHIPELAGO BETWEEN 2009 AND 2016 Table A-1. In this table bird species names, common names (in English and Finnish) and corresponding abbreviations are presented (according to website of Suomen lintuatlas 2012). In the following tables A-2 to A-26 abbreviatiations of the species names are used. Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi ACTHYP Actitis hypoleucos Common Sandpiper Rantasipi ANTPRA ALAARV Alauda arvensis Skylark Kiuru AREINT Anthus pratensis Meadow Pipit Niittykirvinen Arenaria interpres Turnstone Karikukko ANAACU Anas acuta Pintail Jouhisorsa ASIFLA Asio flammeus Short-eared Owl Suopöllö ANACLY Anas clypeata Shoveler Lapasorsa AYTFUL Aythya fuligula Tufted Duck Tukkasotka ANACRE Anas crecca Teal Tavi AYTMAR Aythya marila Scaup Lapasotka ANAPEN Anas penelope Wigeon Haapana BRACAN Branta canadensis Canada Goose Kanadanhanhi Anas Branta ANAPLA platyrhynchos Mallard Sinisorsa BRALEU leucopsis Barnacle Goose Valkoposkihanhi Bucephala ANASTR Anas strepera Gadwall Harmaasorsa BUCCLA clangula Goldeneye Telkkä ANSANS Anser anser Greylag Goose Merihanhi CALALPALP Calidris alpina alpina Dunlin Suosirri ANTPET Anthus petrosus Rock Pipit Luotokirvinen CARCHL Carduelis chloris Greenfinch Viherpeippo

32 24 Table A-1. Continued Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi CEPGRY Cepphus grylle Black Guillemot Riskilä LARCAN Larus canus Common Gull Kalalokki Charadrius Lesser Blackbacked CHAHIA hiaticula Ringed Plover Tylli LARFUS Larus fuscus Gull Selkälokki Great Blackbacked CORNIX Corvus corone Hooded Crow Varis LARMAR Larus marinus Gull Merilokki Cygnus Hydrocoloeus CYGCYG cygnus Whooper Swan Laulujoutsen LARMIN minutus Little Gull Pikkulokki Larus Black-headed CYGOLO Cygnus olor Mute Swan Kyhmyjoutsen LARRID ridibundus Gull Naurulokki FRICOE Fringilla coelebs Chaffinch Peippo LUSLUS Luscinia luscinia Thrush Nightingale Satakieli Haematopus HAEOST ostralegus Oystercatcher Meriharakka MELFUS Melanitta fusca Velvet Scoter Pilkkasiipi Mergus HIRRUS Hirundo rustica Swallow Haarapääsky MERMER merganser Goosander Isokoskelo Red-backed Mergus Red-breasted LANCOL Lanius collurio Shrike Pikkulepinkäinen MERSER serrator Merganser Tukkakoskelo LARARG Larus argentatus Herring Gull Harmaalokki MOTALB Motacilla alba White Wagtail Västäräkki

33 25 Table A-1. Continued Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi Abbreviation Species name Common name lajinimi OENOEN Oenanthe oenanthe Wheatear Kivitasku STECAS Hydroprogne caspia Caspian Tern Räyskä PARMON Parus montanus Willow Tit Hömötiainen STECUS Stercorarius parasiticus Arctic Skua Merikihu PHACAR Phalacrocorax carbo Great Cormorant Merimetso STEHIR Sterna hirundo Common Tern Kalatiira Phylloscopus PHYLUS trochilus Willow Warbler Pajulintu SYLBOR Sylvia borin Garden Warbler Lehtokerttu Sylvia PICPIC Pica pica Magpie Harakka SYLCOM communis Whitethroat Pensaskerttu PODCRI Podiceps cristatus Great Crested Grebe Silkkiuikku SYLCUR Sylvia curruca Lesser Whitethroat Hernekerttu PODGRI Podiceps grisegena Red-necked Grebe Härkälintu SYLNIS Sylvia nisoria Barred Warbler Kirjokerttu RIPRIP Riparia riparia Sand Martin Törmäpääsky TADTAD Tadorna tadorna Shelduck Ristisorsa SOMMOL Somateria mollissima Eider Haahka TRITOT Tringa totanus Redshank Punajalkaviklo STEAEA Sterna paradisaea Arctic Tern Lapintiira TURPIL Turdus pilaris Fieldfare Räkättirastas VANVAN Vanellus vanellus Lapwing Töyhtöhyyppä

34 26 Bird observations done between 2009 and 2016 are presented in tables A-2 to A-26. Observation have been done in islands /islets locating in municipalities of Eurajoki and Rauma. The location coordinates of islands are presented in KKJ1 coordinate system. The study area belongs to Natura 2000-area and some of the study islands are part of the Bothnian Sea National Park. Field work has been carried out by Varsinais-Suomen luonto- ja ympäristöpalvelut. Table A- 2. The bird observations done in the island of Kalliopöllä in individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä CYGOLO ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä CYGOLO ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä MELFUS ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä ACTHYP ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä LARCAN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä MOTALB ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä OENOEN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä CYGOLO 1 1 brood ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä ANACLY ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä AYTFUL ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä SOMMOL 3 1 brood ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä AREINT ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä LARCAN 1 1 brood ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä STEAEA ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä ANTPET 1 1 brood ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä MOTALB ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä OENOEN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä CORNIX 1 1 brood ,5 FI

35 27 Table A-2. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä STECUS ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä ANAPLA ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä AYTFUL ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä LARARG ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä LARCAN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä LARRID ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä ANACLY ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä STEHIR ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä STEAEA ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä MOTALB ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä TRITOT ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalliopöllä AYTFUL ,5 FI Table A-3. The bird observations done in the island of Iso Susikari in individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE CYGOLO ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE BRALEU ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE AYTFUL ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE SOMMOL ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE MELFUS ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE HAEOST ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE LARCAN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE STEHIR ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE STEAEA ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE MOTALB ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari 400 m SE OENOEN ,5 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari S HAEOST ,8 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari S LARCAN ,8 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Susikari S STEAEA ,8 FI

36 Table A-4. The bird observations done in island of Kalla in individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PODCRI ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CYGOLO ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla BRALEU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANAPEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANAPLA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACLY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MELFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERSER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERMER 1 1 brood ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HAEOST ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARMAR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEHIR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CEPGRY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPRA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPET ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MOTALB ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla OENOEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CORNIX ,1 FI

37 29 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MELFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANAACU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla BRALEU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACLY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla RIPRIP ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPRA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PHYLUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CYGOLO ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERSER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PODCRI ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERMER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TADTAD ,1 FI

38 30 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CYGOLO ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANSANS 1 1 brood ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANAPLA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACLY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MELFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERSER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HAEOST ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEHIR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CEPGRY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPRA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPET ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MOTALB ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla OENOEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CORNIX ,1 FI

39 31 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CORNIX ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANASTR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANAPLA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TADTAD ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla BRALEU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANSANS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACLY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACRE ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERMER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERSER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ACTHYP ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CYGOLO ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HAEOST ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARMAR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla RIPRIP ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PHYLUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HIRRUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LANCOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla OENOEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LUSLUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla FRICOE ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPRA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPET ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MOTALB ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLCUR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLCOM ,1 FI

40 32 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLCOM ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLCUR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPET ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HAEOST ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla OENOEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TADTAD ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPRA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MOTALB ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla FRICOE ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CARCHL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARMAR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TURPIL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CORNIX ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla BRALEU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CYGOLO ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PASMON ,1 FI

41 33 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ASIFLA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACRE ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLNIS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PHYLUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEHIR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ALAARV ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANACLY ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla RIPRIP ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HIRRUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MELFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERSER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MERMER ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANSANS ,1 FI

42 34 Table A-4. Continued individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARCAN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARRID ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla LARARG ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STECUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AREINT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla TRITOT ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla HAEOST ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla OENOEN ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla ANTPET ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla PHYLUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CARCHL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SYLCUR ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla AYTFUL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla SOMMOL ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CORNIX 1 1 brood ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla RIPRIP ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla STEAEA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla CHAHIA ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla BRALEU ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla MELFUS ,1 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E CYGOLO ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E AYTFUL ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E HAEOST ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E AREINT ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E LARRID ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E LARCAN ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E STEHIR ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E STEAEA ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E MOTALB ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E LARCAN ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E LARARG ,6 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Kalla 50 m E LARMAR ,6 FI

43 Table A-5. The bird observations done in the island of Iso-Pyrekari in individual Nests Y-coordinate X-coordinate area (ha) Natura-area Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari CYGOLO ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari BRALEU ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari ANACLY ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari AYTFUL ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari SOMMOL ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari MERSER ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari MERMER ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari HAEOST ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari TRITOT ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari AREINT ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari STECUS ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari LARCAN ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari LARFUS ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari LARARG ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari LARMAR ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari STECAS ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari STEAEA ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari CEPGRY ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari ANTPET ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari MOTALB ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari OENOEN ,2 FI Eurajoki Bothnian Sea Iso Pyrekari CORNIX ,2 FI