Characters and Motivations Book Thirteen

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1 Characters and Motivations Book Thirteen As you read Book Thirteen, record the major descriptions, actions, motivations, and key quotations of Odysseus. Description of Episode Character Traits Actions and Motivations Key Quotations that Reveal Character Traits After hosting a great feast, King Alcinous pledges to have his people give Odysseus wealth, aiding him on his way back home to Ithaca. Alcinouscharitable honorable hospitable. Odysseusimpatient homesick Alcinous wishes to help Odysseus find his home after hearing of his adventures in the last few books. He instructs his people to donate to Odysseus, offers a sacrifice to Zeus, and holds a great feast for a day. Odysseus wishes for the feasting to end because he is ready to be home. Come, each of us add a sumptuous tripod, add a cauldron! ( ). The majestic king slaughtered an ox for them to Cronus mighty son, Zeus of the thundercloud, whose power rules the world ( ). True, but time and again Odysseus turned his face toward the radiant sun, anxious for it to set, yearning now to be gone and home once more... ( ). While Odysseus sleeps, the men sail him back to Ithaca and deposit him on Ithaca s shore. Poseidon talks to Zeus about this development, about which he is very unhappy. Odysseusrelaxed peaceful Poseidonvengeful angry Odysseus sleeps all the way home and continues to sleep when the men deposit him on the shore of Ithaca with his newly gained treasures. Poseidon, upon seeing Odysseus safely at home, wants revenge upon the Phaeacians and speaks with Zeus about his anger at being unable to get it....first they lifted Odysseus off the decks--linen and lustrous carpet too- and laid him down on the sand asleep, still dead to the world... ( ). Zeus, Father, I will lose all my honor now among the immortals, now there are mortal men who show me no respect... ( ).

2 Poseidon sinks the Phaeacians ship, and King Alcinous remembers a prophecy. Odysseus, awakening on Ithaca, has an important visitor, Athena, who discusses with him all that has happened on Ithaca in his absence. She helps him disguise himself as a beggar and instructs him to go speak with his swineherd first because he is still loyal to Odysseus. Alcinousremorseful, wise Poseidonvengeful angry Odysseusuntrusting cunning wily Poseidon travels to Scheria to await the Phaeacians. When he sees their ship, he turns it to stone which causes it to sink and kills all the men. Alcinous remembers that it was previously prophesied that Poseidon would wreak destruction on his people one day. Odysseys awakens. At first, he doesn t realize that he s on Ithaca because Athena has placed a gray cloud around him. She visits him, at first in disguise, and he lies about who he is because he is afraid of being tricked by her. Athena notes that this is proof of how wily and cunning he is. After realizing it is her and discussing current events in Ithaca, Athena leaves to go call Telemachus home....the earthquake god with one flat stroke of his hand struck her to stone, rooted her to the ocean floor and made for open sea ( ). Oh no--my father s prophecy years ago it all comes home to me with a vengeance now Hurry friends, do as I say, let us all comply: stop our convoys home for every castaway chancing on our city! As for Poseidon, sacrifice twelve bulls to the god at once... ( , ) Man of misery, whose land have I lit on now? What are they here... ( ). Any man--any god who met youwould have to be some champion lying cheat to get past you for all-round craft and guile! You terrible man, foxy, ingenious, never tired of twists and tricks--so, not even here, on native soil, would you give up those wily tales that warm the cockles of your heart! ( ). First I will transform you...but you, you make your way to the swineherd first ( , 461).

3 In the space below, explain how Odysseus is a complex character. Odysseus, as usual, is full of contradictions in this book. He begins by praising the Phaeacians because of their generosity in giving him great fortune and helping him home only to immediately become suspicious of them upon awakening and perceiving that he s not in Ithaca. Additionally, he s spent the entire epic trying to make his way home, hoping and dreaming of Ithaca, but he does not recognize it when he finally arrives. As Athena points out, he is wily and cunning, but he also frequently doesn t recognize good things, such as the Phaeacians help or Athena herself, until they are revealed to him explicitly. These contradictions within Odysseus s character make him complex.

4 Characters and Motivations Book Sixteen As you read Book Sixteen, record the major descriptions, actions, motivations, and key quotations of Odysseus. Description of Episode Character Traits Actions and Motivations Key Quotations that Reveal Character Traits Telemachus returns home and greets Eumaeus who is then dispatched to secretly deliver to Penelope the news that her son is home. Odysseus, disguised as a beggar, speaks with Telemachus about challenging the suitors before seeing Athena and leaving to talk with her. After Athena removes his disguise, Odysseus reveals himself to Telemachus, and the two share a tearful reunion. Eumaeusloving faithful loyal Telemachuskind polite anxious Odysseusclever caring Eumaeus greets Telemachus kindly as if he loved him as a son. Telemachus, after meeting Odysseus disguised as a beggar, offers him hospitality despite his worries concerning fighting the suitors alone. Odysseus attempts to give his son a pep talk about fighting the suitors before Athena comes along and instructs Odysseus to reveal himself to his son after removing his disguise. Straight to the prince he [Eumaeus] rushed and kissed his face and kissed his shining eyes ( ). But our new guest, since he s arrived at your house, I ll give him a shirt and a cloak to wear, good clothing, give him a two-edged sword and sandals for his feet and send him off, wherever his heart desires ( ). It s hard for a man to win his way against a mob, even a man of iron. They are much too strong ( )..And with those words Odysseus kissed his on and the tears streamed down his cheeks and wet the ground, though before he d always reined his emotions back ( ).

5 Odysseus and Telemachus come up with a plan to destroy the suitors. Odysseus tells Telemachus that the following day, he will again take a disguise and distract the suitors so Telemachus can gather their weapons in the house. They will have few weapons to use, but Telemachus feels that the gods will help them in their fight against the suitors. They decide to also question the female servants to discover who is still loyal to Odysseus, and then they send out a messenger to tell Penelope that Telemachus is home. Odysseusclever Strategic Telemachusloyal believing steadfast Odysseus shows his son that he is as intelligent as was rumored by developing a plan for the destruction of the suitors. Telemachus, however, places his trust in the gods to help them defeat the suitors. Two great champions, those you name, it s true. Off in the clouds they sit and they lord it over gods and mortal men ( ). But now, with daybreak, home you go and mix with that overbearing crowd. The swineherd will lead me into the city later ( ).

6 The servant that Odysseus and Telemachus sent to reveal Telemachus s arrival to Penelope announces it to the entire crowd. The suitors become worried because a group of them has just attempted to ambush and kill Telemachus, but they eventually decide to pray to the gods to see if they are favored in their quest to kill Telemachus before acting again. Penelope confronts the suitors after hearing of their plan. Odysseus and Telemachus seemed untroubled when Eumaeus brings them news of the happenings in town. Suitors- evil conniving Penelope- brave loyal Odysseus/ Telemachus- sneaky secretive The suitors desire Odysseus s wife, land, and property, and their greed motivates all of their actions. Penelope tries to stay loyal to Odysseus and her son Telemachus. She attempts to protect her son by confronting this suitors about their plans to murder him.... we d never sleep the night ashore, never, always aboard our swift ship, cruising till dawn, patrolling to catch Telemachus, kill him on the spot ( ).... [Penelope] cried out against him: You, Antinous! Violent, vicious, scheming- you, they say, are the best man your age in Ithaca, best for eloquence, counsel. You re nothing of the sort! ( ). At that the young prince Telemachus smiled, glancing toward his father, avoiding Eumaeus s eyes ( ).. In the space below, explain how Odysseus is a complex character. This books depicts Odysseus interacting with someone he cares about more than himself perhaps for the first time since the beginning of the epic. Odysseus is loving and caring with his son, which shows a

7 much different side of his character; however, his lust for revenge on the suitors and the glory of battle demonstrates that he still maintains some of his old qualities that made him a famed warrior. His ability to be patient and wait for the opportune time to seek revenge, however, demonstrates the evolution of his character.

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