( Hydropotes inermis),,,,

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "( Hydropotes inermis),,,,"

Piers Hood
5 years ago
Views:

1 22 2 Vol122, No Acta Theriologica Sinica May, (,, ) : , ,, 10 km % 5 3 km, % ;, ; ;,, : ; ; : Q95811 : A : (2002) ( Hydropotes inermis),,,,,,,, 28 42, 110,,, 4 : ; [1 ; ; ], 1923 :,,,, [2 ] ( ), [3 ] [4 ] [5 ], , N, : ; (WCS) : ( ),,,. : ; : : ; ezhangwguomai. sh. cn

2 2 : E km, km , km 2, % ; ( ) km 2, 6131 % 1 384, 98, % (30 04 N, E), 476 km 2, [6,7 ],,,,, 200 m ( 1) 1 Table 1 Topographic features of Zhoushan Archipelago Hills Plain Low mountain Area (km 2 ) Percentage % % 1100 % Note : 500 m Hills are terrains, which are below the elevation of 500 m ; m low mountain, between m, , , ,, , 7 9, 3 6,,,,, hm 2, %, % ( Quercus fabri ) ( Rhododendron simsii ) ( Eurya japonica) ( Kalimeris indica) ( Rumex acetosz) ( Imperata cylinderaca) ( Pteridiumaquilinum) 3 112,,, ( GPS, : Garmin 12) ; 2 ) 25, 188, 226, ( 211 (30 26 N, E) ; (29 40 N, E) ; (29 52 N, E) ; (30 04 N, E)

3 ( ), 3 : 25, 1173 %, km 2, 86 % 21, 8715 %, km 2, 8715 % : (30 42 N, E) (29 55 N, E) (30 12 N, E), (30 13 N, E) ( 1) 1 Fig11 Map of Zhoushan Archipelago 212 ( 2) 25,, 476 km 2, (29 44 N, E), 0171 km 2 10 km 2

4 2 : , 14, %, 13, % 30 km 2, 1 10 km 2 42, 11, 8, %,, , 3 km 5, 0135 km, 3 km, (30 04 N, E) ( km 2 ) ( 30 2 Fig12 The distribution of Chinese water deer in islands of different sizes 13 N, E) (30 15 N, E) ; ( km 2 ) (29 45 N, E) (29 43 N, E) (29 43 N, E) ; (30 04 N, E) ( km 2 ), (60189 km 2 ) 212 km (29 55 N, E) (30 26 N, E) ( km 2 ), 6 50 km 2 4, % 2 Table 2 Evidence of Chinese water deer on islets ( Data were collected by using line transact method) Frequency Hills The places that traces of water deer were found Percentage Slop fields Frequency Percentage Plain fields Frequency Percentage Tracks % % % Faecd pellets % % % Bedding sites % % 0 0 % Browsed traces % % % Live deer % % 0 0 % Notes : 153, 35 ;, ; A total of 153 transacts were made in slope field while 35 transacts in plain field ; slope fields refer to fields on the slope of hills, generally in the lower part of hills ; plain field refer to fields in plain , 7115 % 21, % 1 km 2 58, 23, %,

5 , %, % 215 ( 2) 2,,,,,, ;,, , ( ) 20, 80 % 18, 90 %, (30 42 N, E) (30 12 N, E),, 4 3, 2, ;,,, 3 21, 22 3, 43 [2,3, ], [3,8,9 ], (29 60 N, E) (30 15 N, E) [2 ],, 311, 1 km 2 58, 31, % 5 km 2 24, 21, 8715 % 1 km , %, 14, 1106 %, 476 km 2 ; (29 59 N, E), 0102 km 2,,,, ;, ( 3), 0118 km 2 [10 ] / km 2[4 ], km 2, 0171 km 2 ;, 0102 km 2, 0110 km 2, ; 0120 km 2,,,? ( Incidence Function Hypothesis) :, ; 3,,, ,

6 2 : 103, (Small Island ef2 fect hypothesis),, ( Disturbance hypothesis),, [11, ],,,, , 7 9, 3 6, 3 Fig13 The distribution of water deer on islets of various areas Note :, For convenience, the ratio of 0-10 was used,,, 3 km,, ( 316), 10 km 2, 10 km 2 [2 ], 10 km 2, (6130 km 2 ) (6193 km 2 ) (7128 km 2 ), (2122 km 2 ),,, ( 4), : y = / x ; x : ; y : ; R 2 = 01896, F = 34143, P = 01004, df = 4 ;,, 4 Fig14 Number of islets with Water deer in relation to the distances from main land : 43 Note : The data are from 43 islands whith Chinese water deer distributed, 4105 km ;, 5618 km ( 5)

7 104 22, : y = / x ; x :, y : ; R 2 = , F = 69139, P < 01001, df = 5 ;,,, 0135 km ;, 3315 km,, 3315 km, 5618 km, km,,,, Diamond (1976), (, ), [12 ], ( ),,, [12, ], ( Phelsuma), [13 ],, ;,,,,,,,, 5 Fig15 Number of islets in relation to the distance from the Main Island : 43 Note : The data are from 43 islands in which Chinese water deer distributed,,,, 313,,,, SLOSS (single large or several small),, ( ) [14 ],,, 1, ;, [14, ]

8 2 : km,, 0135 km,,, 314, 106 km 2, 1217 %,,,,,,,, 85 %,,, , 2 80, ; 100, , 3 ( ), ; 500, , 3 000,,,,,,, [15 ] 315 Tivy, ( ),,,, [16 ] MacArthur Wilson, ;,,, [17 ],, [2,,, ],, 226 [2,3 16, 2 km, ], [3 ] [1 ],,, 1967 [2 (30 11 N, E), ], ( 311),,,

9 106 22,,,,, 316 ( 200 ), [19 ] [1 220 ],, 3, 2 11, 5 7 m,, [19, 7, ],,,,, 4, - 70 m,,, 20 m, 20 m, 10 m, m 3,,, , 5 m, 2 000,, m , m,, 5 000,,, [19 ],,,,,, :, : [1 ] 1 [M] 1 :, [2 ] 1 [J ] 1, 1981, (4) : [3 ], 1 [J ] 1, 1984, 4 (3) : [4 ], 1 [J ] 1 ( ), 1990, 9 : [5 ], 1 [J ] 1 ( ), 1990, 9 :

10 2 : 107 [6 ] 1 [M] [7 ] [M] 1 :, [8 ],,, 1 [J ] 1, 1986, 32 (1) : [9 ] 1 [J ] 1, 1982, 2 (2) [10 ], 1 ( Hydropotes inermis) [M] 1 ( ), 1990, 9 : [11 ] Whittaker R J1 Island Biogeography : Ecology, Evolution and Conservation [ M] 1 New York : Oxford University Press, [ 12 ] Diamond J M1The island dilemma : lessons of modern biogeographic studies for the design of nataral peserve [J ]. Biological conesrvation, 1975, 7 : [13 ] Losos J B1 Island biogeography of Day Geckos ( Phelsuma) in the Indian Ocean [J ] 1 Oecologia, 1986, 68 : [14 ], 1 [J ] 1, 1998, 44 (2) : [15 ] Zhang E, Guo G P1Poaching as a major threat on Chinese water deer in Zhoushan Archipelago [J ] 1 Deer, 2000, 11 : (8) [16 ] Tivy J1Biogeography : A Study of Plants in the Ecosphere [M]. Longman Scientific &Technical Press, [17 ] MacArthur R H, Wilson E O1The theory of island biogeography [M]. Princeton N J : Princeton University Press1 [18 ] Sun L X, Sheng H L1Chinese water deer at the areas of Poyang Lake [J ] 1J of East China Normal Univ (Mammalian E2 cology Supplement), 1990, (9) : [19 ], 1 [M] 1 :, THE DISTRIBUTION OF THE CHINESE WATER DEER ( HYDRO PO TES IN ERMIS) IN ZHOUSHAN ARCHIPELAGO, ZHEJIANG PROVINCE, CHINA GUO Guangpu ZHANG Endi ( School of Life sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ) Abstract : A survey was conducted on the distribution of the Chinese water deer ( Hydropotes inermis) on 25 islands of Zhoushan Archipelago from July 1999 to June 20001Results showed that the Chinese water deer distributes between E and N in Zhoushan1They are mainly located in the southwest of the area1large islands have a higher percentage of distribution, e1g1, islands larger than 10 km 2 than those small ones1so do those smaller islets around larger islands, i1e1, in the 5 islets surveyed that are within 3 km from Zhoushan main island are all have water deer1the number of islands that the deer distributed declines with in2 crease of the distance from the mainland and main island1the deer usually dwell on hills but come to the hill foot and plain to feed at night ; There are % of the islands that human resides have the deer1the major factors that affect the distribution of the deer are the distances from the mainland and the main island, the size of islands, and human activities especially poaching1our results showed that the shape of the island is not related with deer s distribution in Zhoushan area1the deer could move or migrate between islets thus affect the distribution locally, and the distribution was al2 so affected by geological movements and other environmental factors1 Key words : Chinese water deer ( Hydropotes inermis) ; Distribution ; Zhoushan Archipelago

Investigation and analysis on situation of ecotourism development in protected areas of China

31 24 2011 12 ACTA ECOLOGICA SINICA Vol. 31 No. 24 Dec. 2011.. 2011 31 24 7450-7457. Zhong L S Wang J. Investigation and analysis on situation of ecotourism development in protected areas of China. Acta