SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION

Transcription

1 Supplementary information for Groundwater vulnerability on small islands by S. Holding, D.M. Allen, S. Foster, A. Hsieh, I. Larocque, J. Klassen, and S.C. Van Pelt Table S1: List of 43 small island developing states included in assessment. Small Island Developing State Representative Island Small Island Developing State Anguilla Anguilla Nauru Nauru Representative Island Antigua and Barbuda Antigua Netherlands Antilles Curacao Aruba Aruba New Caledonia Grande Terre Barbados Barbados Niue Niue British Virgin Tortola Palau Koror Cape Verde Santiago Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Comoros Njazidja Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Kitts Cook Rarotonga Saint Lucia Saint Lucia Northern Marianas Saipan Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Dominica Dominica Samoa Upolu Federated State of Micronesia Pohnpei Sao Tome and Principe Saint Vincent Sao Tome Fiji Viti Levu Seychelles Mahe French Polynesia Tahiti Singapore Singapore Grenada Grenada Solomon Malaita Guam Guam The Bahamas New Providence Jamaica Jamaica Timor-Leste Timor-Leste Kiribati Tarawa Tonga Tongatapu Maldives Male Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad Marshall Majuro Tuvalu Funafati Mauritius Mauritius US Virgin Saint Croix Montserrat Montserrat Vanuatu Efate NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 1

2 Figure S1: Map of 43 small island developing states included in assessment. The islands (shown in black) are enlarged for visibility; they are not to scale with the rest of the map. 2 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE

3 Table S2: Ranges of aquifer hydraulic conductivity (K) values from Freeze and Cherry (Ref 20), Geometric Mean K from Gleeson et al. (Ref 21) and final K values used for recharge simulations where no K values are reported in the questionnaire. Lithology Freeze and Cherry K range (m/s) Gleeson et al. Geomean K (m/s) Values used (m/s) Undifferentiated 1x10-14 to 1x x10-5 1x10-12 unfractured igneous Undifferentiated 5x10-9 to 1x10-4 6x10-5 1x10-6 fractured igneous Permeable volcanic 1x10-7 to 1x10-2 3x10-6 3x10-6 Undifferentiated unfractured metamorphic 1x10-14 to 1x x10-5 1x10-12 Undifferentiated 5x10-9 to 1x10-4 6x10-5 1x10-6 fractured metamorphic Coarse alluvium 7x10-6 to 1x10-2 1x10-6 1x10-4 (clean sand) Carbonate 5x10-10 to 2x10-6 2x10-5 5x10-8 Karstic carbonate 8x10-7 to 1x10-2 2x10-5 1x10-4 Shale 8x10-14 to 8x x x10-10 Sandstone 1x10-10 to 1x10-6 3x10-6 3x10-6 NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 3

4 Table S3: Summary of key attributes for each small island developing state and output from the climate change simulations and recharge modeling. K is hydraulic conductivity. ACI is aridity change index. SIDS Area (km 2 ) Population K (m/s) Historic Future in in ACI /Pop (m 3 /pers/yr) American E % -4% Samoa Anguila E % 0% Antigua and Barbuda E % 3% Aruba E % -11% Barbados E % 2% Belau/ Palau E % 6% British Virgin E % 2% Cape Verde E % -1% Comoros E % 2% Cook E % -6% C'wealth of the Northern Marianas E % -17% Dominica E % 4% Federated E % 4% State of Micronesia Fiji E % -11% French E % 3% Polynesia Grenada E % -1% NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE

5 SIDS Area (km 2 ) Population K (m/s) Historic Future in in ACI /Pop (m 3 /pers/yr) Guam E % -30% Jamaica E % 0% Kiribati E % -26% Maldives E % 7% Marshall E % 1% Mauritius E % 2% Montserrat E % 3% Nauru E % 9% Netherlands Antilles E % -10% New E % -10% Caledonia Niue E % -3% Puerto Rico E % 1% Saint Kitts and Nevis E % 2% Saint Lucia E % 2% Saint Vincent E % 0% &the Grenadines Samoa E % -16% Sao Tome & Principe E % 8% Seychelles E % 4% Singapore E % 4% NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 5

6 SIDS Area (km 2 ) Population K (m/s) Historic Future in in ACI /Pop (m 3 /pers/yr) Solomon E % 1% The Bahamas E % -3% Timor-Leste E % 12% Tonga E % -1% Trinidad & E % 1% Tobago Tuvalu E % 5% US Virgin E % 25% Vanuatu E % -14% NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE

7 Figure S2: Estimated recharge rate. The recharge rates for each small island developing state are enlarged for visibility; they are not to scale with the rest of the map. NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE 7