Cold Weather Safety. Installation Safety/IMNT-SO (760) /6024/6154/7708 Slide 1

Transcription

1 Cold Weather Safety Slide 1

2 Cold Weather Safety Installation Safety Office Mark G. Reeves Slide 2

3 Cold Weather Safety WARNING. GRAPHIC PHOTOGRAPHS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS PRESENTATION Slide 3

4 INTRODUCTION CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

5 5 Methods of Heat Loss Methods Evaporation Convection Conduction Radiation Respiration Hypothermic Radiation Convection Respiration Evaporation Core Periphery Skin Conduction Slide 5

6 5 Methods of Heat Loss Method 1 Evaporation Hypothermic Radiation Body heat turns liquid into water vapor 1.5 quarts or more of water loss per day Active work contributes to even more water loss Prevention STAY HYDRATED: Drink PLENTY of water Convection Evaporation Conduction Respiration Core Periphery Skin Slide 6

7 5 Methods of Heat Loss Method 2 Convection Hypothermic Radiation Loss of heat through the air by blowing over your skin Wind chill cools skin faster than still air Prevention COVER exposed skin Take SHELTER from wind Convection Evaporation Respiration Core Periphery Skin Conduction Slide 7

8 5 Methods of Heat Loss Method 3 Conduction Hypothermic Radiation Loss of heat due to direct contact Clothing conducts heat Sitting in the snow Wet clothes = 5x the conduction Immersion = 25x the conduction Prevention Convection Evaporation Respiration Core Periphery Skin STAY DRY!!! Conduction Slide 8

9 Method 4 Radiation Body radiates or leaks heat through rays or waves You can lose body heat even at 70 degrees 40-45% lost through your head & neck Up to 60% is lost if your hands, wrists & ankles are exposed Prevention COVER exposed, high radiating areas 5 Methods of Heat Loss Convection Evaporation Hypothermic Radiation Conduction Respiration Core Periphery Skin Slide 9

10 Method 5 Respiration Air is warmed, then exhaled; result HEAT LOSS Conduction in the lungs Prevention 5 Methods of Heat Loss Convection Evaporation Hypothermic Radiation Respiration Core QUIT BREATHING? No!!! Breathe through nose Use a Neck Gaiter or Balaclava Periphery Skin Conduction Slide 10

11 RISK FACTORS CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

12 DEHYDRATION CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

13 Dehydration Cause - loss of body moisture Dry air Cold diuresis Not enough fluid intake Signs/symptoms Dry lips and mouth Dark yellow or orange urine Loss of skin elasticity Fatigue Treatment/prevention Drink frequently Timed drinking 1/2 1 qt. per hour during heavy work load Don t use alcohol or tobacco TURGOR TEST Skin with decreased turgor remains elevated after being pulled up and released Slide 13

14 HYPOTHERMIA CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

15 Hypothermia Number One Killer Loss of 4 or more degrees Fahrenheit of body temp Wet body contributes Cause Continued Exposure Depleted energy supply Symptoms Shivering Slow Speech Memory Lapse Slow and Shallow Breathing Loss of Coordination Hunger, nausea, fatigue Slide 15

16 Hypothermia Treatment End exposure Warm beverages Keep victim in warm, dry clothes Gradually re-warm Slide 16

17 Chilblains CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

18 Chilblains Cause Repeated, chronic exposure of bare skin to temps 32º-60ºF Sign/Symptoms Appear as swollen, tender, papules Complaint of burning or prickly sensation Redness Treatment Passive warming at room temp No rubbing Protect from trauma and secondary infection Slide 18

19 TRENCHFOOT CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

20 Trench/Immersion Foot Cause Wet conditions, low temperature Prolonged contact with moisture at temps between 32º-50ºF Signs / Symptoms Swelling, tingling, itching Numbness and pain Pale waxy skin Blistering Treatment Elevate, wrap in loose dressing Passive re-warming at room temp No massages or rubbing Air dry, no immersion in water Slide 20

21 6 Keys to Healthy Feet Trench/Immersion Foot Prevention 1. Get into a warm area if possible. Remove your boots and socks. Dry your feet, especially between your toes 2. Use foot powder and a antiperspirant 3. Massage your feet for about five minutes increasing circulation 4. Put on a dry pair of socks 5. Dry the inside of your boots or change the liners 6. Do this every 4 hours Slide 21

22 FROSTNIP CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

23 1 st Degree Frostbite (Frost Nip) Partial freezing Most superficial form of frostbite Non permanent Cold Weather Injury Signs/symptoms Redness, mild swelling, pale skin, edema, and stinging sensation Treatment Warm immediately Slide 23

24 FROSTBITE 2 CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

25 2 nd Degree Frostbite Clear Blisters Numbness and Burning pain Entire epidermis Skin redness in fair individuals Grayish discoloration in darker skinned individuals Clear blister formation at hours followed by sheetlike desquamation Persistent cold sensitivity in the area Slide 25

26 3 rd Degree Frostbite Blue-gray discoloration Bleeding blisters Loss of sensation with pale, yellow, waxy look if unthawed Poor capillary refill Tissue loss Hemorrhagic bullae form in 3rd degree injuries at hours unless re-warming is rapid Slide 26

27 FROSTBITE 3 CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

28 4 th Degree Frostbite Deeply aching Red-blue-purple-black discoloring 1-5 days after injury Characterized by gangrene, necrosis, auto-amputation Permanent anatomic and functional loss Slide 28

29 Frostbite Treatment RAPID re-warming at temps slightly above body temperature is the single most effective treatment Re-warm until the skin is pliable NO dry heat -- stoves or campfires No re-warming with exercise or rubbing Do not re-warm in the field if there is a risk of refreezing Protection from further injury, pad all affected areas Loosely wrap with gauze and elevate Remove wet and constrictive clothing Take victim to a medical facility as soon as possible Slide 29

30 Snow Blindness Cause Light reflection off snow Signs and Symptoms Red, itchy eyes Sensitivity to light Painful eye movement Treatment Stay indoors Rest eyes Bandage eyes Prevention Wear sunglasses Slide 30

31 PREVENTION CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

32 Cold Weather Injury Prevention Tips Prevention Adequate nutrition Adequate hydration and rest Adequate clothing: loose, layered, windproof and changed often Buddy system and Leader checks Assess for previous cold weather exposure Frequent sock changes Cover head and neck, 80% of heat loss Use synthetic fibers, natural fibers retain moisture and have poor wicking ability Shelter Avoid alcohol and tobacco products Slide 32

33 Dress for the C O L D Keep Clothing Clean Dirt and grease block up the air spaces in clothing and reduce the insulation value Avoid Overheating Sweat can freeze on outer layers. Stay dry, moisture will decrease the insulating ability of clothing Wear Clothing in Layers Loose clothing allows air spaces to help trap warm air without restricting blood circulation. Good blood circulation helps to prevent frostbite Keep Clothing Dry Keep clothing dry, from the outside as well as from the inside Slide 33

34 If Separated or Lost Keep calm - You may only be disoriented. Stop, look and listen for others. Attempt to retrace your path back to your last known position. Keep together - Groups must not split up. If scouting parties are required, they should consist of at least two personnel who go only short distances and mark their trail very clearly. Keep warm - Seek or assemble shelters whenever stopping, even if only for a short time. Whenever possible, use wood or other locally available fuel for fires. Burning a single candle inside a tent or vehicle can provide enough heat to keep the occupants warm. Keep fed and hydrated - If required, collect all individual food and water supplies and institute rationing. Keep safe - If frozen rivers or lakes cannot be avoided, stay near the banks, do not stand close together and watch for spots of unsupported ice resulting from changes in water level. Slide 34

35 Cold Weather Survival Kit Waterproof matches and fire starter (e.g. Candle, magnesium match, lighter) Signaling devices (e.g. Mirror, whistle, flashlight, etc.) Knife Small first aid kit Cold-climate lip balm Sunglasses Compass Water container (metal for use in fire) Small amount of concentrated food (e.g. MRE or trail mix) Foil survival blanket Slide 35

36 Bottom Line Leaders, Soldiers and Civilians that plan, train, and prepare for the cold WIN IN THE COLD!! Slide 36

37 Slips, Trips, and Falls Second only to auto accidents Over 20% of all accidents Slide 37

38 Slips, Trips, and Falls Common Causes to Slips, Trips, and Falls Loose or irregular surfaces Oil, grease or other spilled liquid Stairs can be uneven, slick tread Obstructed aisles or walkways Insufficient lighting Drawers not being closed Shoes with slick soles Obstructed view Weather hazards Slide 38

39 STF CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

40 Slips, Trips, and Falls Can occur in any part of the workplace whether inside or outside. May result in serious injuries Significant cost to both the worker and employer Impact To Worker: Pain Lost wages Temporary or permanent disability Reduced quality of life Depression Impact To Employer: Lost productivity Costs of replacement employee Cost of medical treatment Slide 40

41 Slips, Trips, and Falls What can YOU do to avoid or prevent a Slip, Trip, and/or Fall at work? Pay attention when walking Keep walkways free of clutter Secure mats, rugs and carpets Keep areas well lighted Close file cabinets or storage drawers Mop or sweep debris from floor Clean up spills immediately Slide 41

42 Slips, Trips, and Falls Proper Footwear Conditions: Floors - oily or wet Considerable time outdoors Advantages: Properly fitted Increased comfort Prevent fatigue Improve safety Slide 42

43 Fatigue and Alcohol Fatigue slows reaction times, leads to higher incidents of workplace and traffic accidents, and is evident when one is taking mini-naps or nodding off repeatedly. Alcohol consumption leads to impaired judgement, poor vision, delayed/slow reaction times and is the number one cause of vehicle accidents and fatalities during the Holiday Season. Slide 43

44 TAC CAMPAIGN CLICK LINK TO WATCH VIDEO

45 Fatigue and Alcohol REMEMBER: Drive Defensively Wear Seatbelts Do not be a distracted driver Get plenty of rest before driving Never Drink and Drive Slide 45

46 Have a safe and Happy Holiday Thank You! Slide 46