The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian

Transcription

1 1 sur :35 ISSN: Volume 2, Issue 4 (26 August 1999) The history of Zaire as told and painted by Tshibumba Kanda Matulu in conversation with Johannes Fabian Introduction First Session, Part 1 First Session, Part 2 Second Session, Part 1 Second Session, Part 2 Third Session,

2 2 sur :35 Part 1 Third Session, Part 2 Fourth Session Second Session, Part 1 TSHIBUMBA, HISTOIRE DU ZAIRE Second Session of October 25, 1974 Narrative 2 1. F:... bon/ wee useme tu: inakamata/ T: bon/ mm/ [rummaging] bon: wakati ile: Baudoin alifikaka: aliambia wazungu ya kama: T: ni muzuri: munkunye nabo batu: mm? mukule nabo: nazania hakutakuwa madifficultés ya kusema tulombe Indépendance: aba: abatajua na maana yake/ 2. T: bon: ile wakati ilikuya: mpaka mu butumwa/ balianza kupika batu: fimbo: ku buloko/ [Painting 34: Colonie belge: Under Belgian Rule] T: eh/ balianza kupika batu fimbo ku buloko/ kama unakosa kwa lakini: habakuanza kupiga kama ni kubamba muntu ku mukini banapika hapana: ilikuya kama uko ndani ya buloko: ilikuya mate: nani: malipizi ni fimbo kama unafanya mubaya/ na ile fimbo ilikuwa wakati ya marapports/ kama uko mule ndani: ausikia bakapita muzuri: T: bataweza kukupika fimbo: banakupeleka ku rappor T: banakupika [rummaging]: fimbo/ TSHIBUMBA, HISTOIRE DU ZAIRE Second Session of October 25, 1974 Narrative 2 1. F:...alright, you can speak, it is recording. T: Alright. Mm-hmm [rummaging], alright. At that time, Baudouin came and this is what he told the Whites. T: It will be good if you drink together with those people, right? And you should eat with them. I don't think there will be problems, they won't go around saying, let's ask for Independence. They won't know what it is about. 2. T: Alright. That time was a time of slavery. They beat people with a whip 1, in prison [Painting 34: Colonie belge: Under Belgian Rule]. T: Yes. They were flogging people in prison. It wasn't the way it used to be in the village when you had done something wrong and they would grab you and beat you. In prison, the flogging was like paying a fine when you had done something bad. The flogging took place during roll call. It could happen that you were in the lineup and did not quite understand what the supervisors said. T: Then they would beat you with a

3 3 sur :35 T: ahah/ bana: kupeleka ku ra: ba: ku rappor T: banakupika fimbo/ 3. bon/ kisha yake: monsieur Petillon: mu mille neuf cent cinquante sept alikuya/ [Painting 35: Pétillon Giving a Speech] alitembea kwa lakini: eh: Congo muzima/ ilikuwa wakati ya Congo/ mais: alifika mu Lu: mu Likasi/ ilikuwa ku résidence ya premier bourguemestre ile wakati/ mu Jadotville/ aliita ba: bazungu: balikuya kule mingi: alibaelezea kama banduku: mi mina: bananituma paka ile maneno: Baudoin aliniachaka:?muyumbe 1 / T: munasema namna gani? munasikilizana namna gani? balikamata matomates: kumutupia: na kumufukuza asema wende ukamuelezee siye tunakatala/ 4. na ile wakati: mambo ile eko napa: inapitakana: vile wakati ya: ya wa: colo: ya: ya utumwa ile: ya babelges: kulikuwa déjà muntu moya mweusi: alikuwa wakati ile: na cheo: c'est à dire: na grade: kama ni vile wanafwataka: alikuwa na fasi: T: ya budirecteur ku brasserie ya: Kisangani/ [Painting 36: Lumumba, Director of a Brewery] hapa sasa Kisangani: zamani ilikuwa Stanleyville/ T: alikuwa Lumumba/ sawa mu kazi yake Lumumba alianza kutumika: alikuwa na akili mingi/ akuna muntu alimusikiaka: namna gani alianza: kutumika: apana/ 5. bon/ alianza kutumika: ngambo politique: ngambo kazi yake/ ni kweli mu cinquante sept mule: kulikuwa conférence moya: balifanyaka mu Afrique/ mu Ghana/ ile conférence ilikuwa conférence: panafricaine/ kama?nazia?wanafanya: kama ni panafricaine/ F: mu cinquante cinq? whip. They would take you to the roll call and [rummaging] flog you. T: Aha. So they would take you to the roll call and flog you. 3. Alright. Then in 1957 came M. Pétillon [Painting 35: Pétillon Giving a Speech]. He travelled all over the Congo, as the country was called then. So he got to Likasi, this was at the lord mayor's residence in Jadotville, [as it was called] at the time. He called together the Whites, and many came. He explained to them: "Brothers, I was sent only to settle the matter that King Baudouin left for me..?... T: What do you say? What have you agreed on?" They picked up tomatoes, threw them at him and chased him away, saying: "You can inform him that we reject [what he said]." 4. When this affair was going on, during the time of our servitude under the Belgians, there was a black man who already at that time had attained a position of importance, that is to say, a certain rank in an organization 2. He had a position. T: The directorship of the brewery at Kisangani [Painting 36: Lumumba, Director of a Brewery]. Right now it is Kisangani; earlier it used to be Stanleyville. T: He was Lumumba. In carrying out his duties, Lumumba showed great intelligence. No one understood how he did it. 5. Alright. He began to work and divided his activities between politics and his work. Truly, in '57 there was a conference they organized in Africa, in Ghana. This conference was the Panafrican Conference. The conference they organized, I think [it was called] Panafrican.

4 4 sur :35 T: mu cinquante sept/ T: bon/ ku ile conférence: kulikuwa mastajabu: sawa vile shee tulikuwa mu utumwa: akuna ata muntu mweusi alikuwa na ile akili ya kuenea kwenda kufika ku ile conférence: na ataweza ku: participer mu: mu maconférences vile/ bon: Lumumba alifikaka: balimupokeleaka: ku conférence: sawa vile nakuonyesha pale: pa tableau yulu: [Painting 37: Lumumba Meets Kwame Nkrumah] Kwame Krumah: anamulamukia: kuchuka 2 ku avion: bale ni batu: sawa hivi: banaweza kuwa ku kiwanza: kupokelea: ni pepo ile anawa: na: pepusha manguo yabo: bon: kuko avion ingine iko nafika: ya bale bakubwa bataweza kuparticiper ku ile conférence: ni kweli mu Congo: tulinonaka muntu moya mweusi:?alikutaka kuparticiper conférence: mutu wa kwanza/ 6. T: bon/ kisha yake: mu Congo vilevile/ mulikuwa muntu tena mweusi mu: mille hui T: mu mille neuf cent cinquante huit déjà/ balimunommer bourguemestre/ [Painting 38: Kasavubu Is Elected Mayor] sawa mi na ile wakati nalikuwa: niko naona: alikuwa muntu/ naliona mu Likasi: mulikuya: Mutonkole Noël/ T: alikuwa nayee vilevile bourgemestre ile wakati/ na balituelezeaka: tulisagaaka 3 sana kwa kushikia asema mutu mweusi anakuwa na: cheo/ 7. bon/ mu cheo yake: Kasavubu aliweza kwenda kutembea ku Bruxelles/ ku Belgique/ bon: alikwenda: kulikuwa exposition/ [Painting 39: Kasavubu and Lumumba Meet at the Brussels World's Fair] mais ile exposition: minadessiner matableaux yulu: ile tableaux minadessiner shi kusema kama njo ilikuwa ex: exposition inyewe/ F: In '55? T: In '57. T: Alright. At that conference there was some surprise, because we were living under slavery, there was no one [else] among the black people who would have been intelligent enough to find a way of getting to this conference and participate in the meetings. Alright, Lumumba got there and he was welcome at the conference as I show you there on the painting [Painting 37: Lumumba Meets Kwame Nkrumah]: Kwame Nkrumah greets him as he leaves the airplane, then there are people who happened to be at the airfield to greet [arriving guests]. It's the wind that lifts their clothes. Alright. Then there is another airplane approaching, carrying dignitaries that are going to participate in the conference. As far as the Congo was concerned, we saw only one black man who really wanted to participate in the conference, he was the first one. 6. T: Alright. Then, also in the Congo, there was another black man who, in 1958 already, was appointed mayor 3 [Painting 38: Kasavubu Is Elected Mayor]. I was around at the time, and I saw that he was a black man. I [also] saw this in Likasi, there was Mutonkole Noël. T: He also was the mayor at that time. This was explained to us and we all were amazed to hear that a black person was occupying a position of importance. 7. Alright. Because of his position, Kasavubu could travel to Brussels, to Belgium. Alright. He went and there was an exposition [Painting 39: Kasavubu and Lumumba Meet at the Brussels World's Fair]. To represent an exposition, I put paintings up there [in my picture]. But that doesn't mean that it was like that at that

5 sifahamu kama ilikuwa exposition ya nini: kama ilikuwa exposition ya nini/ T: sawa vile balisema kama ku: kama kulikuwa exposition: na mi naliweka ile matableaux juu kwa kuonyesha/ bon: yulu: yulu ya ile matableaux ni vile minaandika Picasso: van Gog: et Tshimbumba Kanda Matulu: tout ça: T: ni kweli: kulikuwa batu mingi kabisa/ T: na ku: kukuya kwa batu mingi kule: kulipatikana: Kasavubu/ F: oui/ T: bon: Kasavubu: alisema nitembee ndani: alionana na muntu moya: Lumumba/ T: nayee alishituka kwa kuona muntu mwenzake kule: wa kwanza/ T: [whispering to himself] ah tiens/ di abari gani? asema mi nakuwa na mi kuangaria exposition/ ni habari gani? sawa vile ni muntu alikuwa na akili ya mbele: aliisha ku: kupata akili mingi: na maconférences alikwendaka kutembea: alimuelezea mufano gani: alitembea/ T: asema kweli? asema eeh/ minafika na conférence panafricaine: naliassister: balinipokelea: nasagaa mufano gani tuko mu: mu butumwa: na sasa/ kweli asema...?... asema anatafuta nini: baliwaza mawazo ya: Indépendance/ 8. T: bon mawazo ya Indépendance yabo: balirudia mu Congo/ balifika; sawa hivi iko déjà discussion bazungu ikoako/ asema aah bantu batu: banaisha kufungula kichwa yabo: yapashwe musi: tusikilizane: ile mambo tulisema/ exposition. What was it an exposition of? I simply don't know. T: In order to show that it was an exposition, as they said, I placed those paintings up there. Alright. Onto those paintings I wrote Picasso, van Gogh, and Tshibumba Kanda Matulu, all that. T: Anyhow, a lot of people were there. T: And among those many people who were there, there was Kasavubu. F: Yes. T: Alright. Kasavubu said [to himself]: I am going to walk around in there. He and another black man saw each other 4, it was Lumumba. T: And he was startled to see for the first time a fellow black there. T: [Kasavubu, whispering to himself] "What do you know?" [Then to Lumumba] "Say, what's new?" He said: "I also came to look at the exposition; what's happening?" Because [Lumumba] was a person of great intelligence who had traveled to attend conferences, he explained to [Kasavubu] what his traveling was about. T: [Kasavubu] said: "Is that so?" [Lumumba] said: "Yes indeed, I went to the Panafrican Conference and participated in it. They welcomed me and I was shocked about the state of slavery in which we find ourselves up to this day." [Kasavubu] said: "Really? What is it you 5 were looking for?" That was when they conceived the idea of Independence T: Alright. With their idea of Independence they returned to the Congo. [Picks up next painting]. When they arrived, the discussion among the Whites was already under way: "The black people have seen 5 sur :35

6 6 sur :35 bon: Kasavubu alianzaka: na Lumumba vilevile/ alianza kulomba Indépendance/ ni kweli: balimfungaka/ mais yee: kosa yake ya Lumumba: F: balifunga nani? T: Kasavubu/ akulombake Indépendance juu ya shee bote bacongolais apana/ yee alilomba Indépendance pour la province de Kinshasa/ pour la ville de Kinshasa/ juu ya bakongo tu/ juu ya Indépendance yake alilomba ali: alicréer na parti politique yake: Abako/ mm? T: sijue: kuendelea kwake: kama ni association: de Bakongo: ou bien kama nini/ bon/ ile partie yake balikatala balimufunga na kumufunga nkamba/ nazani mbele ya tribunal: unamuona anashimama pale na policier wa zamani: eko nasamba: ni kisha kusamba kwake: ngambo ingine nakuwa kulikuwa ungine nayee: alilomba Indépendance/ ni Lumumba/ Lumumba nayee alilomba Indépendance yake ile: juu ya: Congo muzhima/ T: alisema kama minatafuta: bantu beushi bakuye: Indépendance/ T: [corrects] indépendants pardon/ [chuckles] bon/ F: baindépendants/ [chuckles] T: eeh: baindépendants/ bantu bote bakuye indépendants/ T: sasa: ile niwalombe Indépendance: c'est à dire: Congo ikuye uni/ pays for T: sawa vile aliendeleaka yee mwenyewe: et libre/ T: balimufunga nayee vilevile/ balimupika kabisa kabisa/ F:...?... T: sawa vile unaona: Lumumba balimupika: sawa hivi unaona: tableau minaonyesha pale: ni kweli: eko na damu: na fimbo ile: kumukokota wee: kumutosha: Kisa: ku nani: Kinshasa kule alifikiliaka: kumufikishaka Lubumbashi/ T: kufikisha Lubumbashi: kumuingisha ku buloko: ku Buluo/ the light 7, we must come to an understanding with them about this matter." Alright. Kasavubu went to work on it, and so did Lumumba. He began to demand Independence. What happened is they locked him up. But Lumumba's mistake... F: Who was locked up? T: Kasavubu. He did not demand Independence for all of us Congolese. He demanded Independence for the province of Kinshasa, for the town of Kinshasa, only for the Kongo people. To achieve his version of Independence he created his political party the Abako, right? T: I am not sure how this developed in his mind, whether it was an association of Kongo, or what. Alright. They [the whites] were against his party, they locked him up and tied him up with a rope. Before the tribunal, I think you see him standing there, together with a policeman in the old uniform, and defending himself 8. When his trial was over it turned out that in another place there was another person who demanded Independence. It was Lumumba. The Independence that Lumumba asked for was for the whole Congo. T: He said: "I want to the black people be independence [sic]." T: Independent, sorry [corrects himself, chuckles]. Alright. F: baindependents [chuckles] 9. T: Yes, baindépendents. "All the people should be independent." T: "Now, the kind of independence I am demanding for them should mean that the Congo be united, a strong country and," he continued, "[a] free [country]." T: They locked him up, too, and beat him up something fierce. F:...?... T: As you see, they hit Lumumba. You can see how I show this on the painting there. Indeed, he was covered with blood from the

7 7 sur :35 ni kweli baliitaka bantu: ya kusema muntu moya mweushi anakuya: mais eko analomba asema: bantu bakuye indépendants/ mais shee hatushikie ile mambo anasema/ c'est que ni kusema bantu baikale tu: bule: manyumba?yenye iongoke: manyumba iko inanyengewa inyewe iko napanda yulu: njo maana ya Indépendance/ akuna ata muntu alijuake ile mawazo aliwaza/ bon: voilà: bali: bali: balimuachaka Lumumba: kiisha mu: kumuacha: ali: [starts again] kisha kumuacha kwa Lumumba eh? T: alipandaka ndeke: mm? anakwenda ku: conférance eh? iko Table Ronde/ [interrupts himsel F: looking for painting] je m'excuse: naona...?... F: aah tuko na hii: T: non: excusez: F: ya Kabwika/ T: bon/ pardon/ pale balimufunga yee nkamba ku Buluo: T: bon/ alibakia kule/ T: na kisha yake: bali: muachaka/ eh? F: eh/ T: kisha kumuacha eh? non pardon/ F: mm? T: kisha kumuacha Lumumba eh? Lumumba alifanyaka nani: discours/ ku Kinshasa/ na kisha kufanya discours ku Kinshasa: sasa minapata: oui: F: mu le quatre janvier? T: aah/ le quatre janvier/ kisha kufanya discours ku Kinshasa batu balisikiaka ile mambo alisemaka eh? ilibatroubler eh? abakushikiaka kitu hapana/ balitoshaka vita/ mm? c'est ça: minafwata muzuri eeh? balitoshaka vita/ kisha kutosha vita: baliuanaka kabisa kabisa/ bon/ sawa vile: mule ndani ya: armée/ c'est à dire: déjà ilikuya: nani: ba: mercenaires Belges: na: baforce Publique/ njo balikombanaka ile vita le quatre janvier/ excuse ku tableau yangu minaandika l'onu/ bon/ kiisha yake baliua: baliuanaka mingi: kulikuwa alianza kuwacommander alikuwa Kokolo/ Kokolo: sawa vile alikuwa flogging. And they dragged him away from Kinshasa where he had gone and brought him to Lubumbashi. T: After they had brought him to Lubumbashi they put him in prison, at Buluo. Truly, they called the people together and told them: "A black man has arrived and he demands that the people be independent." But we did not hear what he had to say. The word was out that people should just stay put, the houses should wait, houses should be built [slowly] until they reached the required height -- that was the way Independence was to come. No one really knew the way [Lumumba] thought about it. Alright, then they let Lumumba go. After Lumumba was set free, right? T: He boarded a plane, didn't he? And he went to the Round Table conference. [Interrupts himself in French] I'm sorry, I see...?... F: Ah, we have got this one... T:...no, excuse me F: by Kabwika. 10 T: Alright, sorry [about the interruption]. He was there at Buluo, tied up with a rope. T: Alright. He stayed there. T: After that, they set him free, right? F: Yes. T: After they had set him free, right? Sorry. F: What is it? T: So then the freed Lumumba, right? After that Lumumba delivered his speech in Kinshasa and after he had given his speech in Kinshasa -- now I am back on the right track. F: On January 4? T: Yes, January 4. After he had given his speech in Kinshasa people heard of what he had been talking about. It troubled them and they didn't really understand it. So they started the fighting, right? Yes, that's it, now I am following the sequence [of events] correctly, right? They started the

8 8 sur :35 kichwa nguvu eh? alikuwa muntu nayee: wa matata/ T: alikwenda: kukombanisha ile vita batu: na batu wanauana: balimufwataka kwake/ kisha kumufwata kwake: aikukuye ONU alimuua apana/ ilikuya: bapara Belges/ même na baforce Publique walimuuaka/ c'est ça/ nalikwenda kusoma bien/ bon/ kiisha kumuua: Kokolo eh? [interrupts himself, searching] qu'est que qu'est ce que ça? kisha kumuua Kokolo: T: [whispering to himself]? ça n'est pas juste comme ça/ [rummages] bon/ kisha kuua Kokolo eh? [aside to F.] njo vile nalipanda: F: aah/ T: [chuckles] ile...?... F: ndiyo: T: eeh bon/ kiisha kuua: Kokolo: bon: Kinshasa ilibakia kimya eh? T: tulikuwa paka mu: utumwa/ T: [interrupts himself, addresses F.] ayayaya/ monsieur Fabian? F: ndiyo/ T: [gives sign to stop recording] F: non non non: tuendelee tu: tusumbulie/ hata kama uko: ana [recording interrupted] T: tuseme tu: mi niliandisha [sic] kuandika: F: bon sawa vile uliisha kuandika: T:...?... correction: correction kiloko: bon/ F: juu ya hii tableaux mbili/ T: sawa vile uliisha kuandika eh? ni kweli: muntu yote anafanyaka erreur eh? T: kuko erreur kidogo: ya tableaux/ puisque: wakati ile exposition balionanaka Lumbumba na: Kasavubu: balirudia/ fighting and as a result people slaughtered each other. Alright. That is to say, in the Army, Belgian mercenaries and soldiers of the Force Publique were the ones who fought 11 in this war of January 4. I am sorry, but on my picture I wrote that it was [an intervention] of the UN 12. Alright. Then many killed each other and there was Kokolo who had taken a command. Kokolo was a strong-headed person, right? And he was a trouble-maker. T: He went and made the people fight in this war and people killed each other. In the end, he was followed to his house. So they followed him to his house -- but it was not the UN soldiers who killed him, it was the Belgian Paras and even soldiers of the Force Publique who killed him. That's it, I read up on this [so as to be] correct 13. Alright. Then they killed Kokolo, right? [Interrupts himself, searching]. Aside in French: What is this now? After they had killed Kokolo... T: [Whispering to himself in French] That's not right like that. [Rummages] Alright. After killing Kokolo, right? [Aside to F.] That is how I continued. 14 F: I see. T: [Chuckles] this...?... F: Yes. T: Yes, alright. After Kokolo was killed, alright, Kinshasa remained calm, right? T: After all, we were in a state of slavery. T: [Interrupts himself, addresses F.] Oh, well. Mister Fabian? F: Yes. T: [Gives sign to stop recording] F: No, no, no, let's go on, let's talk. Even if you... [recording interrupted, then resumed] T: Let's just say I already wrote this down. F: Alright, since you already wrote this down... T:...to correct this a little.

9 9. bon/ Lumumba: na: Lumumba alifanya discours/ [Painting 40: Lumumba Leading the Léopoldville Uprising] kisha kufanya discours: [aside] ooh: kisha kufanya discours: batu balitombokaka: na baliuanaka/ mu Kinshasa/ [Painting 41: Troops Intervene in Léopoldville] kisha kuuana: vilevile ilipatikana lufu ya Kokolo/ eh? F: ya Kokolo/ T: ya Kokolo: walimuuaka/ F: acha: kumbe: discours: et kiisha ina: inafwata kisha? T: kisha inafwata quatre janvier mbele batu banatomboka eh? quatre janvier cinquante neuf à Léopoldville: F: oui/ T: et l'intervention de la NCL: et les Para Belges eh? eeh/ bon/ le quatre janvier cinquante neuf Kokolo fût tué chez lui/ [Painting 42: Colonel Kokolo Is Killed] bon: kisha kuua kwa Kokolo: Kasavubu alifungwa eh? [Painting 43: Kasavubu in Court] juu ya ile mambo alitoshesha: a: alitoshesha mu Kinshasa/ bon/ alisambishwa namna ya kusema ni politicien/ bon: kisha kusambishwa: Lumumba naye vilevile: alikuwa mwenye kunfungwa ku Buluo/ [Painting 44: Lumbumba in Bulua Prison] juu ya mambo moyamoya ile: ya Indépendance: baliwaza kulomba/ bon/ kisha kufunga kwabo/ Kasavubu balimuachaka/ bon kisha Kasavubu kumuacha: alikuwa na mayele alifanyaka: na mimi: wala na wewe: atujue eh? kulipatikana wapoliticiens: bengine: bengine ndani mule ya politique ya: Kongo/ Alright. F: On those two pictures. T: So you already wrote this down, did you? To be sure, everybody makes mistakes, right? T: There was a small mistake about the pictures. Because Lumumba and Kasavubu saw each other during that exposition and then they returned [to the Congo] Alright. So Lumumba gave his speech [Painting 40: Lumumba Leading the Léopoldville Uprising]. After that speech, oh [hesitates while reaching for painting] after that speech, the people exploded and killed each other in Kinshasa [Painting 41: Troops Intervene in Léopoldville]. After that it was the death of Kokolo, right? F: Of Kokolo. T: Of Kokolo, they killed him. F: Wait a minute, so the speech, and then, what happened then? T: Then follows January 4 when people first exploded, right? [Reads from painting] The 4th of January 1959 at Leopoldville. F: Yes. T: And the intervention of the UN, and the Belgian Paras, right? Yes, well, on January 4, 1959, [reads from painting] Kokolo was killed in his home [Painting 42: Colonel Kokolo Is Killed]. Alright, after the death of Kokolo, Kasavubu was locked up, right [Painting 43: Kasavubu in Court]? Because of the things he had spoken about in public in Kinshasa. He was tried for being active in politics. Alright. After his trial, Lumumba also found himself prisoner at Buluo [Painting 44: Lumumba in Buluo Prison]. The reason was the same, it was about their plans to demand Independence. Alright. So they were in prison. Then they set Kasavubu free. After Kasavubu was freed he set to work on this scheme of his. Neither I nor even you know [exactly what it was], right? It happened among some of those politicians who were into Kongo politics. 9 sur :35

10 10 sur : T: bon/ kisha yake: Lumumba/ alifanya parti politique yake ilikuwa MNC/ Lumumba/ bon ile MNC Lumumba: balipatikana ndani bakalonji: na bantu bengine mingi/ bon/ kisha yake balikwenda bote: ku Table Ronde/ kisha kwenda ku Table Ronde: baliassister ku Table Ronde eh? F: eeh/ T: [to himself] c'est juste c'est comme ça/ kisha ku: kuassister ku Table Ronde: balilomba asema non: sisi: hatuwezi naitika/ [aside] njo après sa libération: sisi hatuwezi naitika: tufanye Table Ronde bila Lumumba: mwenyee tu: alitupa ile mayele ya kusema: tu: fwate Indépendance/ ni kweli balimuachilia: Lumumba/ kiisha kumuachilia: F: acha nisikie mbele/ T: oui/ F: ile: ile avion/ eh? T: oui/ F: ni kuachilia Lumumba? T: ni kuachilia kwa Lumumba: anatoka mu Lubumbashi/ [Painting 45: Lumumba Flies to Brussels] sababu balimufungia mu Shaba/ mm/ F: kisha? 11. T: kisha anakwenda: anaassister ku: Table Ronde/ mu mille neuf cen T: soixante/ [Painting 46: The Brussels Round Table] mm? T: kiisha kuassister ku Table Ronde mille neuf cent soixante: kulikuwa mapartis politiques mingi/ par example PCA: MNC: Lumumba: Conaka T: Abako: T: eeh: kulikuwa mapartis ni mingi: na ingine na mi siwezi kufuhamu apana/ bon/ kisha yake: Kalonji: ku Table Ronde: alikatala: parti ya Lumumba: 10 T: Alright. Then Lumumba founded his political party, it was the MNC/Lumumba. Members of the that MNC/Lumumba were the followers of Kalonji and many others. Alright. Then they all went to the Round Table. They travelled to the Round Table and participated in it, right? F: Yes. T: [To himself in French] That's right, that's correct like that. When they were at the Round Table they made a demand. "No," they said, "we cannot go along with..." [aside to himself in French, indicating next painting] that is after his liberation -- "we cannot go along with holding Round Table talks without Lumumba. He was the one who gave us the idea to pursue Independence." So they actually freed Lumumba. After setting him free... F: Wait a minute, I want to understand first. T: Yes. F: This [picture of an] airplane, right? T: Yes. F: This goes with the liberation of Lumumba? T: This is the liberation of Lumumba, he is leaving Lubumbashi [Painting 45: Lumumba Flies to Brussels]. Because he was imprisoned in Shaba. Mm-hmm. F: And then? 11. T: Then he travelled and participated in the Round Table, in 1960, right [Painting 46: The Brussels Round Table]? T: So he participated in the Round Table of There were many political parties, for instance, PCA, MNC/Lumumba, Conakat, Abako. T: Yes, of political parties were many, and some of them I can't even recall. Alright. Then, at the Round Table, Kalonji rejected Lumumba's party and set up a party for himself, calling it MNC/Kalonji.

11 11 sur :35 alitafuta parti yake peke: alisema: MNC Kalonji/ T: bon: kiisha balirudia mu: Zaire: mu Congo/ T: Alright. Finally they returned to Zaire, to the Congo T: kisha kurudia mu Congo: T: After they had returned to the baliprocramer Indépendance: mu le Congo they declared Independence trente juin: à zéro heures/ on June 30, at "zero hour [Painting 46: The Proclamation of [Painting 46: The Proclamation of Independence] c'est à dire: Independence]." That is to say, it c'était le vingt neuf juin: à zéro was on was on June 29, as we would heures: sawa vile tunafwataka shee count it in Swahili, where we'd mu: mu Kiswahili tunasemaka mu le say "on the twenty-ninth at vingt neu midnight." F: minuit ya bushiku/ T: But in French they say "at zero T: mais: bo: mu Français banasema hour" because it is already the zéro heures: c'est que ni shiku next day. In other words, it was ingine tena/ njo kusema ilikuwa le on June 30, '60. trente juin: soixante/ F: What is the building were it F: ni ndani ya nyumba gani? happened? T: ni mu Kinshasa/ mais siwezi T: It was in Kinshasa but I don't nafahamu ndani ya nyumba ile/ know what this building was [where peut-être ni: nyumba moja: nazania it happened]. Perhaps it is a iko pa franga 4 eh? kuko monument ya building, I believe it is depicted roi Alber on a bill of money, right? That's T: ile nalikuonyesha: ya Léopold where the monument stands of King deux/ Albert, or rather the one of Leopold II that I showed you. T: eeh/ T: Yes. 13. bon: kiisha yake: [rummages for next painting] Lumumba: alisigner: Indépendance: na jina ya bupremier ministre: mu Congo/ mbele ya Baudoin eh? mbele ya Baudoin/ [Painting 48: Lumumba Signs the Golden Book] bon: kisha kusigner Indépendance: balimupa yee alikuya: premier ministre: Kasavubu alikuya: eeh: chef de l'état/ 14. asubui yake: batu balikuwa mingi [picks up painting] pa place ya poste/ mu Kinshasa/ njo fasi moya mukubwa: banafanyaka ma: manifestations ou bien ma ku: ku: kufêter pa ile mafasi/ bon: Kasavu: Lumumba alikuya mbele: Baudoin alikuwa ku mukongo/ [Painting 49: Lumumba Makes His Famous Speech] na ni siku Baudoin: eh: Lumumba alisemaka mambo: mingi kabisa kabisa/ na mambo yake: 13. Alright. Then [rummages for next painting] Lumumba signed the [document of] Independence as Prime Minister of the Congo, in the presence of Baudouin, right? in the presence of Baudouin [Painting 48: Lumumba Signs the Golden Book]. After Independence was signed he was made Prime Minister, Kasavubu was head of state. 14. On the morning after, there was a crowd of people [picks up painting] in the square in front of the post office at Kinshasa. This is the sort of big open space where they organize demonstrations or celebrations. Alright. Kasavubu, or rather Lumumba was standing in front, Baudouin was behind him [Painting 49: Lumumba Makes His Famous Speech]. And it was the day when Baudouin, or

12 12 sur :35 mulikuwa ndani ingine: matushi par example: ku ngambo ya: Baudoin/ T: na kuchambula namna yote ni yee aliona: bishilani ya butumwa: sawa vile iko tokea ku matableaux ya fimbo ule uliona: T: kutokea ku butumwa yetu?inyewe tulikuwa nayo: alisirikaka na alisemaka mingi sana/ na ile ilimutoshaka Baudoin: mu Congo bila kulaka: alikwendaka/ na kishilani/ 15. bon/ kisha yake: paka yee mwenyewe Lumumba/ anakuwa premier ministre sasa/ mu premier ministre: mu soixante: alitosha sauti/ mu Kinshasa/ anasema: babelges booote beko mu: Zaire: mu Congo: yapashwa bote batoke/ mu vingt quatre heures/ bote bende/ shipendi tena kuona bazungu yee alisema/ shipendi kuona muzungu: mu: mu nani: mu Congo/ T: ni kweli ile wakati: nazania mi na miye nalikuwa mu Likasi/ naliona kwa sababu: baba alienda mu kazi/ tulianzaka kumuongelea: atuku: atukumuonake apana eh? mm/ T: [aside, barely audible]...?... atukumuonake hapana/ ni kweli nayee vilevile: aliondokaka: alikuwa paka mu ile njia ya kwenda ku Zambia eh? [Painting 50: Whites Fleeing the Congo] balimuambia asema twende utakatupeleke/ ali: ondokaka: ni ile camion rouge uanona nafanya ilikuwa Ford eh? aliondokaka/ mu njia mulikuwaka mateso mingi/ mulikuya: mateso ya maji: mulikuya mateso ya byakula: ni vile unaona bazungu bengine: banachuka pale na mutoto kidogo ku mukono: banafia: anawe ata maji kidoko: apate pepo: baingie mu: Zambie/ na huyu ingine alifika tu na chupa: anashota maji: anaanza tu kunywa/ ule na: nani: na: manguo banavwalaka nayo quoi? nani? machemise ya: ts: ach: ii banalalaka naye pa kitanda ni: F: chemise de nuit? rather, Lumumba brought up a lot of grievances in his speech, among them, for instance, curses he hurled at Baudouin. T: And he insulted him every which way because he had before his eyes the outrage of slavery as it is represented on those pictures of flogging that you have seen. T: He was enraged about the slavery we lived under, and he said a lot [about it]. This made Baudouin leave the Congo; he departed immediately, full of anger. 15. Alright. Then Lumumba himself was now the Prime Minister. As Prime Minister in Kinshasa, in '60, he issued an order: "All the Belgians living in Zaire -- or rather the Congo -- they all must leave. Within twenty four hours they should be on their way. I don't want to see whites any more," he said. "I don't want to see a white person in the Congo." T: Really, at that time, I think, I was in Likasi and I saw this. Because my father had gone to work. We began to wait for him but we did not see him, you understand? F: Mm-hmm, mm-hmm. T: [Aside, barely audible; takes up picture] We did not see him. What happened was he, too, had gone away, he was on the road that leads to Zambia, right [Painting 50: Whites Fleeing the Congo]? They had told him: "Let's go, you are going to drive us." So he left. This is the red truck I painted -- it was a Ford -- right? That was the one he drove away in. On the road, there was a lot of suffering -- not enough water, not enough to eat. As you can see, some whites got out [of their cars], one them holding a child by the hand, they are about to die there. One of them wants to wash a little, get some fresh air, just to get into Zambia. And this other one brought a bottle to get a little water and now he drinks.

13 13 sur :35 T: ah oui voilà/ nasahabu/ F: njo madame anavwala? T: non/ uyu: monsieur pale eh? F: huyu monsieur/ T: anala: anavwala: F: pyjama/ T: ah pyjama/ oui/ anaanza kunawa maji: na ile pyjama kusudi tu/ mavoitures ingine iko napita paka pepo tu/ 16. voilà: ile wakati: mvita pale: iko inapikana/ mvita: ilianza pale balisikia vile: baparas ya Kamina/ Belges/ Paras Belges/ ya Kamina: baliondokaka/ na balifika: ilikuwa sawasawa le onze juille T: dix neuf cent soixante/ ile: Indépendance ya Katanga alikamata/ baliondoka Kamina: kufika huku: juu ya kukombana sasa/ balipikana kabisa kabisa: na Force Publique/ [Painting 51: Congolese Troops Fighting Belgian Paracommandos] ni kweli Force Publique aliwezaka ile mvita/ ali: alipata victoire: ba: Belges: bote balikimbiaka tuseme/ na kisha shiku kidogo: Katanga: ali: pata mayele ya kuchagula Moïse eh? Tshombe: ya kusema kama: atabakia mukubwa ya: Katanga/ atabakia mukubwa ya Katanga/ 17. T: kisha kubakia mukubwa ya Katanga: baliita batu mingi ya kusema kama muingie mu busoldat/ bon: balibembeleza bale baforce Publique: balikombana ile vita: asema non: hakuna maneno: muikale tu: hakuna mambo: hakuna mawazo ile tunaweza kuwaza: muko basoldats: sawa basoldats yetu vile/ siku kidogo balishituka tu: banaanza kufungwa nkamba/ vilevile sawa ni [pointing to painting]: ile gare: ni gare ya Likasi/ [Painting 52: The Deportation of the Congolese Troops] kama unaona gare ya Likasi na ile: That one with this garment they wear, what it is again? A something-or-other shirt -- the one they sleep in? F: A night shirt? T: Ah, yes, there you are. I forgot... F: Is it the lady who is wearing it? T: Non, that gentleman back there. F: That man. T: He is wearing... F:...pajamas. T: Ah, pajamas, yes. He wants to wash himself, wearing pajamas. Other cars are rushing by like the wind. 16. You see, that was the time when the war broke out. The war started when they had heard that the paras at Kamina, the Belgian paras stationed at Kamina, had taken off. And they arrived -- it was around July 11, 1960, the date when the Independence of Katanga was declared -- they took off from Kamina and arrived here to go into battle. And they had a violent fight with the Force Publique [Painting 51: Congolese Troops Fighting Belgian Paracommandos]. Truly, the Force Publique won that war, they were victorious, that is, all the Belgians ran away. Soon after [politicians in] Katanga conceived the plan to elect Moïse Tshombe as the head of Katanga. He was to be the head of Katanga. 17. T: When he was the head of Katanga, many people were called to join the military. Alright. They sweet-talked the Force Publique soldiers who had fought that war: "There is no problem, just stay. There is no problem and we have no evil plans. You are soldiers, just like our own soldiers." One day they woke up to find themselves being tied up with ropes. [Pointing to painting] This railway station there is Likasi Station [Painting 52: The Deportation of the Congolese Troops]. If you see Likasi

14 14 sur :35 T: picha minafanya pamoja tu/ ni gare ya Likasi/ balifungwa nkamba: kisha kufungwa nkamba: na babibi yabo benyewe vilevile: na batoto: baliba: pandisha kubengisha ndani ya mawagon/ mule ndani: na kachakula kadogo/ na kupikwa kabisa: sawa vile unaona ungine analala chini beko banamupika/ T: baparas: na basoldats ya Katanga: balikuwa bagendarmes Katangais/ kukamata kubengisha ndani ya: ya mawagons mule: kufungako/ asema sasa mwendeni kwenu muzuri/ F: mwendeni wapi? T: kwabo/ kipande ya Congo/ muntu wa Kisangani: F: aah T: muntu ya: muntu ya Kasai: muntu ya: ya Bukavu: muntu ya: kipande ya bale bantu ya kule chini/ bon/ balienda/ 18. bon: sasa Katanga: anabaki/ pale penyewe tuko nasema: fujo ilipatikana sasa fasi yote/ Lumumba eko premier ministre: Kasavubu eko chef de l'état/ fujo ilipa T: ilipatikana fasi yote/ mu Kasai: baluba: ile baluba Kasai/ na balulua nabo balikuwa déjà na mvita mule/ [Painting 53: Luba against Lulua] balisema na mwee balulua: [corrects] mwee baluba: mutoke mwende kwenu/ bon: akukuwe mufano: balianza kuuana sasa kuuana kwa kweli kweli/ 19. batu: baluba banakwenda kwabo/ kwenda kwa kwabo: banakwenda kufanya mukini yabo/ balifika tu pa pori tu: pori tu hivi: miti pa ile fasi/ T: baanza banakata miti: banayenga: banafanya mukini yabo: Mbuji Mayi/ [Painting 54: The Luba Kingdom and the Building of Mbuji-Mayi] ile inakuwa sasa Mbuji-Mayi/ ilikuwa Bakwanga mbele Station. T: And the picture I made [you will find that] they are the same. It is Likasi Station. [The Force Publique soldiers] were tied up and later also their wives and children. They were made to board the train and put into freight cars, with a little food. And they were beaten up. As you can see, one of them lies on the ground while they are beating him. T: The Paras and the soldiers of Katanga -- they were now called the Katanga Gendarmerie -- grabbed them, made them board those freight cars, and locked them up. "Have a good trip home," they said. F: Go where? T: Home. Their region of the Congo. One came from Kisangani. F: Ah. T: Another form the Kasai, another from Bukavu, others from regions downstream. Alright. They went away. 18. Alright. So there was Katanga. What we [must] say here is that there were conflicts everywhere. While Lumumba was Prime Minister and Kasavubu head of state, there was quarreling everywhere. Over there in the Kasai, the Luba, those Luba-Kasai, and the Lulua were already at war [Painting 53: Luba against Lulua]. You Lulua, [corrects himself] you Luba, they said, get out, go home. Alright. It was terrible, they began to slaughter each other. 19. So the Luba people went to their home region. They went home and set out to build their own town. The place they had come to was just bush, there was only bush there, covered with trees. T: They began to cut the trees, they built [houses] and founded their town, Mbuji-Mayi [Painting 54: The Luba Kingdom and the Building of Mbuji-Mayi]. It was

15 15 sur :35 pale balifika/ 20. T: bon/ sasa ile wakati: Kalonji [pulls out painting from stack]: alitawala: mu Mbuji Mayi/ anakuwa sultani/ bon: Tshombe anabakia mu Katanga: sultani/ balipatana barafiki/ sawa vile bali: balikuwa barafiki: basoldats ya ANC: balibatuma kuko: Lumumba/ T: asema non: ile sécéssion ya Katanga anafanya: mwende mukakombane/ shipende: mubebe Katanga tu: murudishe paka ku Congo/ ikuwe Congo uni/ bon: mu kufika mu: Kasai: abakuwe maneno: balishituka tu: bakasaiens: banabaattaquer/ [Painting 55: Luba-Kasai against the National Army] T: kubaattaqer: ilikuwa: ilikuwa lufu ya batu mingi kabisa kabisa nazania/ pale unaona/ T: kisha Kasai alikamata na drapeau: anaweka juu: anakuwa nayee na état yake/ F: njo: njo drapeau ya: T: njo drapeau yake/ état yake ile: ilikuya: Kalonji alikuwa roi/ après quelques jours: alikuwa empereur/ T: bon/ suivant histoire nitakuelezea mfano gani: ilipoteaka royaume ya Kasai: na mufano gani ili: fansiwa coup d'état/ 21. bon/ [picks up next painting] apa ni Katanga sasa/ F: [asisde, rummaging] mbele tunapashwa ku..?... T: bon/ [turn tape] F: kumbe tuli: simama tu: T:...?... F: ya attaque ya baluba contre l'anc/ T: mm/ F: ni fasi gani? Mbuji-Mayi? T: ni: ni ile fasi ilipatikana Kasai muzhima/ now Mbuji-Mayi; earlier, before they arrived, it was Bakwanga. 20. T: Alright. Now, at that time, Kalonji [pulls out painting from stack] ruled in Mbuji-Mayi. He was the chief. Alright. Tshombe was the ruler in Katanga. The two were linked in friendship. Because they were friends, Lumumba sent the soldiers of the ANC [against the Luba]. T: "Go," he told them, "fight against the secession of Katanga. I don't like it. Take Katanga and return it to the Congo. There should be a united Congo." Alright. They got to the Kasai, not expecting any trouble, when they were suddenly attacked by the Kasaians [Painting 55: Luba-Kasai against the National Army]. T: They were attacked and this spelled death for lots of people, I think. You see it there [on the picture]. T: Then Kasai adopted a flag, raised it and was now a state by itself, too. F: That is their flag? T: Their flag. In this state, Kalonji was the king and a few days later he was emperor. T: Alright. When I continue the series 16, I am going to explain to you how the Kingdom of Kasai disappeared, and how there was a coup d'état. 21. Alright. [Picks up next painting] What we have here now is Katanga. F: [Aside, rummaging] First we must... T: Alright. [turn tape] F: So, we stopped for moment... T:...?... F:... with the Luba attacking the ANC. T: Mm-hmm. F: Where was that? Mbuji-Mayi? T: It happened all over the Kasai. T: Kasai. It was in South Kasai.

16 16 sur :35 T: Kasai: ilikuwa Sud Kasai/ T: ile wakati/ ilikuwa Sud Kasai/ c'est que: Zai: Congo: ili: kabulana: bipande na bipande/ F: aah/ T: sawa mu Kasai ilikuwa aba: balulua: na ngambo yabo: bakabinda ngambo yabo: batetela ngambo yabo: bakasai baluba ngambo yabo: ilikuwa fujo tu/ 22. T: ni vile: mu le onze juillet [pulls out next painting]/ ngambo ingine mu le onze juille T: Katanga: anaproclamer Indépendance yake/ [Painting 56: Katanga Independent] ile nyumba nazani na wee unafahamu ni nyumba moya ikoako pa Lubumbashi: ee: ilikuwa zamanani cinquantennaire/ sasa ni bâtiment ya trente juin/ ni kule kulikuya: assemblée ya Katanga/ T: mule ndani assemblée: ni vile ili: ilikuya na: gouvernement ya Katanga: kulikuya: Munongo: alikuwa premier ministre: T: eh non alikuwa ministre de l'intérieur: eeeh: huyu Mutaka wa Dilomba alikuwa président ya: assemblée: mm? T: At the time it was called South Kasai. What happened was that the Congo was divided up in regions. F: I see. T: Like in the Kasai there were the Lulua who had their territory, the Kabinda, the Tetela, the Luba-Kasai, each had their territory. It was one big squabble. 22. T: So it happened that on July 11 [pulls out next painting], on July 11, Katanga declared its Independence [Painting 56: Katanga Independent]. I think you know this building. It is a building here in Lubumbashi. It used to be the Cinquantenaire, now it is the Building of June 30. It was there that the Katanga assembly met. T: From among this assembly,the Katanga government was formed. Munongo was prime minister. T: Wait, no, he was minister of the interior and this man Mutaka wa Dilomba was president of the assembly, right? bon/ kisha ile vi: ile Alright. Once the Independence of proclamation ya Katanga Katanga was declared there was war Indépendance: ilikuwa sasa: between the various ethnic groups attaque: makabila na makabila mu in Shaba and they began to kill Shaba/ inaanza kuuana sasa/ each other 17. [Those from] Katanga Katanga anaanza kuua makabila: ya began to kill members of ethnic kule chini/ bakasai: baluba: groups from downstream: Kasaian, batshokwe: kabila ingine: ile Luba, Tshokwe and other groups. ilikuwa mapartis politiques ya ba: This happened while there were ya: ilikuwa ku partis politiques ya ba:?leadeurs 5 political parties, each with their bengine/ ni kweli leaders. Truly, those people ran bale batu: balikimbia/ kiisha away. [To illustrate] this general kukimbia: kwa bale batu [picks up exodus I have here a picture by next painting] nazania: bali: Mister Kabwika [Painting 57: bali: balitoka kukimbia kule Fighting at the Railway Overpass]. balianza kukimbia: niko na tableau ya bwana Kabuika: [Painting 57: T: It shows the railway overpass, Fighting at the Railway Overpass] that's the route they took. They took this route and went to the T: inatuonyesha tunnel/ ni njia region of the ocean 18 and when they ile balikamata/ ile njia got there, they settled down. balikamata: banaanza ku: kwenda ku

17 17 sur :35 kipande ya océan/ kufika kule: baliyenga/ 24. T: bon/ kisha kuyenga: nazania baliikala/ kisha kuikala kwenyewe kule balikala: ni pale balitaka: ba l'onu/ kuko tableau moya l'onu: ni kuita kwa l'onu eh? [Painting 58: The United Nations Is Called In] T: [chuckles] l'onu balimuita juu ya fujo ilipita mingi mu: mu Congo/ 25. F: ile inafwata: mu foire? T: inafwata: nani: ah oui/ kisha: vita mingi mu Congo/ kisha: pale baliona vile: akukuwa mufano l'onu pale alikuya: batu balikimbia bote: ku ba l'onu: anakwenda ku: yenga foire/ T: bon/ kisha kuyenga foire: batu: baliikala/ mu mateso: mu lufu: batu kufa: njala: nini: na bitu ingine mingi/ ni sawa vile unaona minafanya hapa pa tableau: ya foire [takes up painting]: [Painting 59: The Refugee Camp] nde: mbata mule: eh mbuzi: kuku: ni ile makuku yabo balikimbia nayo: ii minafanya ii: ni manyumba/ ile nyumba ni ya masaka/ saka ii: saka ya: mu bunga: ao nini/ ni saka banafanya: banafanya: et puis umu chini banachimbula jimu/ kisha banakwenda kuingia mule ndani/ nabo: bale batu balikimbia: bote bengine mingi balipenda: unité/ balipenda umoja ya: ya Congo/ walikuwa na drapeau ya l'onu sawa vile ni fasi banaikala/ mulikuwa bazee: na bamama na tutoto: ilikuwa lufu kila shiku/ 26. bon: bale bengine balikuwa mule ndani: T: mulikuwa bal: ba: bantu ya kule chini: bakasai: na makabila ingine/ balifwiya asema non: atuenee kuteswa vile: tukimbile 24. T: Alright. The settled down and I think they stayed there. So they stayed there. That was when they called the UN. There is one picture called "The Appeal to the UN," right [Painting 58: The United Nations Is Called In]? T: [Chuckles] They called the UN because of the many conflicts that erupted in the Congo. 25. F: So what comes now is the [painting of the] Foire 19? T: That comes now, yes. There was a lot of war in the Congo, and when they saw that there was no way out, all the people fled to the place were the UN [troops] were stationed and went about to build the Foire camp. T: Alright. So they built the Foire camp and that's where the people stayed, suffering, dying; people died of starvation and many other causes. It was as you see here on the picture of the Foire camp I did [takes up Painting 59: The Refugee Camp]: There were ducks, goats, and chicken they had taken along when they fled. What I painted here are the dwellings, made of empty sacks, flower sacks or something like that, which they would put together. And then, on the ground there, they dug holes and got into them. Among those refugees, all or most were in favor of [national] unity. The were for a united Congo and in the place where they stayed they also had the flag of the UN. There were old people, women, and little children, and everyday there was dying. 26. Alright among the people in the camp there were some... T:... from downstream, Kasaians and other ethnic groups who were dying in that place. No," they said, "we cannot bear suffering

18 18 sur :35 twende hata kwetu/ ni kweli nabo pa kufika pa: Kamina [pulls out next painting]: ni gare ya Kamina: kama unaisha kuona nazani mufano moja tu/ [Painting 60: The Secession in North Katanga] sababu nalikala paka na mi mashiku mingi/ bon/ kulikuwa ile: kichwa ya mashua:?kuko bado kufika bado kufika ile: shinga ya moto/ bon/ huit cent et un: kulikwa maneuf cen T: bon: balianza kutoka juu ya kusema: twende kwetu/ bakifika mu njia mule: kulikuya Kasongo Nyembo/ bon: Kasongo Nyembo naye pale alikuwa ni ule wa zamani hapana?vanneur Kisula hapana/ T: ni ule wa zamani/ alianza kukauku [sic]: alituma batu/ batu ilikuwa basoldats ya Katanga/ sababu yeye: alikuwa kipande ya: ya Katanga huku/ alituma batu: ba: baguerriers: anakwenda kuua bale batu/ nakuua batoto/ banamuke apana/ paka wa mukulu mubaya ataweza kufa/ ni vile nabo banamuke beko nalia: mikono mu kichwa: na kulia babwana yabo bale: banakufwa/ ni kweli alikuwa muntu wa Katanga na drapeau ile yake aliweka mule ndani ya inchi yake/ 27. T: bon/ ile naanza kuelezea sasa: ni mambo vile ilianza kupitakana: juu ya kuwawa kwa batu mfano Katanga ali: fanyaka na yeye/ ni histoire/ kulikuwa Katanga nayee sawa vile alikuwa na gouvernement aliuza ndeke ya avion/ ile ndeke ya avion ilikuya: Fouga Magister/ T: Fouga Magister/ kama ni vile: puisque sisemake Anglais: nasema kama ni: [chuckles] sawa/ [reads from painting] ravage: le Nord Katanga/ [Painting 61: Fighters Strafing a Village] c'est que ilikuya: batu kama banaikala mu mukini: ile avion ataweza kuya/ inafika: inapika mabombes/ bale like this; let us escape and go to our home country." What happened was they got as far as Kamina [pulls out next painting]. This is Kamina station; if you have seen it before, I think [you will admit that] it is an accurate representation [Painting 60: The Secession in North Katanga] because I lived there for a long time. Alright. At the time, there was this [steam] engine, electrification had not yet gotten that far. Alright. [Model] 801, and there were also engines [of the model] 900. Alright. So they took off, saying: "Let's go home." On their train ride, whenever they got to this place, they were up against Kasongo Nyembo. Alright. Now the Kasongo Nyembo who was there was the old one, not?vanneur Kisula. T: It was the old one, he was getting really old. And he sent out his people. They were Katanga soldiers, because he was siding with Katanga. He [also] sent his warriors and set out to kill those refugees, even children, but not the women. Only those who could not walk well had to die. You see the women lamenting, their hands joined on their heads, lamenting their husbands who were dying. He really was a backer of Katanga and he flew his own flag in his country. 27. Alright. What I am going to explain to you now is an[other] example of how Katanga was involved in killing people. It is history. Katanga had its own government which bought airplanes. Those airplanes where Fouga Magister. T: Fouga Magister. I'm not sure this is correct because I don't speak English. This is how I pronounce it [chuckles]. [Reads from painting] The ravaging [of] North Katanga [Painting 61: Fighters Strafing a Village]. What happened is this: People would be staying in a village when these