Thorndon a timeline. Tensions began between Maori and settlers after key government buildings were built near or in the kainga of Pipitea Pa.

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1 Thorndon a timeline Date Pre 1839 Maori occupation of Thorndon. Event The date of the first settlement by Maori in Lambton Harbour is not known but centuries of occupation preceded the arrival of Taranaki Maori in the early 1820s. Pipitea Pa was originally occupied by Ngati Mutunga, who had journeyed south in The pa was taken over by Te Atiawa after the former left for the Chatham Islands in There were other Maori settlements in Thorndon, at Tiakiwai (Stowe Hill) and near the western end of Hobson Street The first New Zealand Company ships arrived to settle in Wellington. Led by William Wakefield the Company made a controversial purchase of Wellington. In early 1840 the settlers established themselves at Petone After three months the settlers decamped to Thorndon, having been flooded out of Petone. Thorndon was named after the home in England of New Zealand Company director Lord Petre. Tensions began between Maori and settlers after key government buildings were built near or in the kainga of Pipitea Pa. The Government Reserve was established where Parliament Buildings are located today and William Wakefield s residence built. In 1848 this became the residence of the Lieutenant Governor. Brick making began in Thorndon and the city s first hostelry, Barrett s Hotel, was opened. Later that year, the Thistle Inn was opened. The second pub with that name opened in 1866 on the same site and still stands. The suburb (and city s) first school (Miss Tilke s) opened Barracks were constructed on Thorndon Flat for the British Army.

2 1844 The first St Paul s Church was built in the Government Reserve Wellington s first hospital was established in Pipitea Street. It later relocated to Newtown in The first of two huge earthquakes rocked Wellington, causing considerable damage in Thorndon and elsewhere Bishop Viard arrived in Wellington from France and built St Mary s Cathedral on Hill Street the following year. Over time, two schools (which later became a convent school and St Mary s Girls College), a convent for Mercy nuns, and a hall, were all built on the land acquired by Bishop Viard. Miss Buxton s celebrated school opened on the corner of Poplar Grove and Tinakori Road. Granny Cooper s school opened in Ascot Terrace in the 1860s The Wellington Provincial Council was established. The Church of England Education Society built a school room in Sydney Street (now Kate Sheppard Place). This was the forerunner to both Thorndon School (which opened in 1873) and later the St Paul s Schoolroom (1897), which was, appropriately, later moved to Thorndon School in A second and even bigger earthquake struck Wellington, destroying many buildings in Thorndon and elsewhere and killing one person The Provincial Council buildings were constructed in the Government Reserve The Wellington Town Board was established and relieves the Provincial Council of some of its minor responsibilities.

3 1865 Parliament shifted from Auckland to Wellington and occupied the Provincial Council chambers. It led to a swift period of growth in Thorndon and elsewhere in Wellington. There were 311 buildings in Thorndon at this point. The Colonial Museum opened on a site behind Parliament buildings. It did not close until 1936, when the National Museum opened on Buckle Street The second St Paul s Church (now Old St Paul s) was built to a design by the Rev. Frederick Thatcher. Staples Brewery was established on a site between Murphy and Molesworth Street by William and John Staples. It became part of New Zealand Breweries in Beer making ended on the site in 1988 but a brewing tower (1915), still stands as part of a supermarket development The Wellington City Corporation was established, taking over from the Wellington Town Board. Work began on turning the Town Belt between Thorndon, Kelburn and the city into a Botanic Garden. By the end of the 19 th century it had been transformed into the landscape recognisable today. The Shepherd Arms Hotel opens in Tinakori Road. It still stands today, albeit greatly altered Work began on constructing the rail line from Wellington to the Wairarapa; it reached as far as Petone in The first station was built on reclaimed land in Thorndon and the main station remains in Thorndon to this day The system of provincial government ended, reinforcing Wellington as the seat of government and boosting Thorndon s prospects through the quick growth of central government. Government Buildings, built to house the Wellington based civil service, opened on Lambton Quay A swing bridge was built across Thorndon gully, linking both ends of Hobson Street.

4 1879 Work began on a railway link to the west but construction ended in 1880 after the government cut expenditure. 1880/81 There were 854 building in Thorndon by this point Private investors formed the Wellington Manawatu Railway Co. and restarted construction of the line to the west. It was completed as far as Longburn in Passengers used a different station from the Wairarapa line, the terminus of which was itself moved to a site near Government Buildings in Wellington Girls College opened in Abel Smith Street. It moved to a site on the corner of Pipitea and Moturoa Streets in 1887, where a new main building was opened. The school remains on that site to this day The Shamrock Hotel was opened on Molesworth St. In 1980 it was moved to a new site on the corner of Harriett Street and Tinakori Road by developer and heritage enthusiast Rex Nicholls St Mary s Cathedral burned down and was replaced two years later by the Sacred Heart Basilica (later renamed the Cathedral of the Sacred Heart) The electric tram began running to the Botanic Gardens via Tinakori Road, later travelling to Karori A devastating fire destroyed the timber Parliament Buildings, leaving largely unscathed Government House and the masonry built General Assembly Library The government purchased the Wellington Manawatu Railway Co Anderson Park was formed by the levelling of a ridge and the filling of a gully on the corner of Glenbervie and Tinakori Roads An architectural competition was held to select a design for the new Parliament Buildings and it was won by John Campbell (then Government Architect) and his assistant Claude Paton The Wellington Hotel opened on Molesworth St. Now known as the Backbencher, the hotel was extended in 1917.

5 1914 Marist Brothers opened a school on Hawkestone Street. It was moved to Wilton in 1970 after the motorway required its demolition Scots College opened in a house on Hobson Street once owned by Colonial architect William Clayton. Queen Margaret s College opened in the same house in 1919, after Scots College moved to Strathmore A partly completed Parliament Buildings was opened. It was never finished to Campbell and Paton s design St Mary s College s was registered and its main building (in red brick) was completed in Work on forming Bowen Street began in 1929 with the conversion of Glenbervie Road into a broad thoroughfare. Work on the road was suspended during the Depression but finished in Work began on a new Wellington Railway Station to combine both lines at Bunny Street Construction of the Wellington Railway Station was completed. A government centre was planned for the area surrounding and adjacent to Molesworth Street but it did not begin to form until the 1960s and was never properly planned. Post 1945 In the wake of World War II many families moved to the suburbs as Thorndon declined in appearance and population The first proposal for a Wellington urban motorway, passing through Thorndon, was raised The present St Paul s Cathedral opened in Molesworth St. It was considerably extended in 1995.

6 1965 Work began on the motorway. The route devised through Thorndon (from north to south) began with an excavation from Thorndon Quay, via the Hobson Street gully, through houses and streets to the east of Tinakori Road to Hill Street, and then south through Bolton Street Cemetery, to what was known as Shell Gully (the remnants of Kumutoto Stream) and a tunnel portal to the west of The Terrace. The decision to take the motorway through the cemetery caused a big controversy. Some 3,700 burials were exhumed and most were later reinterred in a large vault beneath a lawn in the Bolton Street Memorial Park (as the cemetery is now known) Over the preceding decade, Thorndon s population had dropped from 6700 to Old St Paul s was purchased by the government for the people of New Zealand Molesworth Street s first tall office buildings ICI House and Vogel House among them were completed. Over the ensuring decades many more large office buildings followed The former Government House was demolished to make way for a new Executive Wing, or The Beehive as it became known. A restored Old St Paul s was opened to the public. It was immediately successful and remains one of the country s most visited historic places By this time only 3800 people lived in Thorndon A group set up to save Granny Cooper s Cottage the previous year formed the Thorndon Trust, which went on to save and restore other properties, and remains active to this day Out of the Thorndon Trust emerged the Thorndon Society, an organisation formed to advocate for the protection of Thorndon s built heritage. The Trust also remains active to this day Thorndon became the focus of the first bid in New Zealand to protect an area through a local authority s district scheme. That year, the Residential E Zone was adopted. It was later replaced by a character area (in 1993).

7 1984 The Beehive was completed Katherine Mansfield Birthplace, at the northern end of Tinakori Road, was opened to the public, after it was bought and restored by a group led by art historian and heritage advocate Oroya Day Premier House, the former home of many of the country s leaders, was reopened as the Prime Minister s residence after many decades as a dental clinic Just 2500 people lived in the suburb as this time Work was begun on a four year restoration, refurbishment and strengthening project of Parliament Buildings, including the Parliamentary Library Variation 14 to the proposed District Plan extended protection to pre 1930s buildings in inner city suburbs by requiring a resource consent prior to demolition.