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7 sim n-bpss AXym-[p-\oI apjw. Nnc-]p-cm-X-\-N-cn-{Xhpw cmp-iob {]uvn-bpw si«p-]n-w-bp sim n- v Imew k½m-\n AXym-[p-\ oi apj-amwv sim nsat{sm. sim n-bpss `mhn-h-fà -bnâ \mgn-i- Ãmtb- m-hp sim n sat{sm Gsd {]Xo- -I-tfm-sS \msn\p kaà n -s -«p-i-gn-ªp. \K-c- nsâ hym]m-c, hmwnpy cwks ]ptcm-k-xn v sim n-sat{sm Icp-t -Ip-sa- -XmWv ]qxnb IW- p-iq-«-ep-iä... 7

8 ]{Xm-[n-]-Ip-dn v DÅS w s]mt mww hc-hm-bn. kar²-am-sbmcp cmp-im-e- nsâ HmÀ½-I-fn- \nàhrxn ]qim³ Hcp- p-i-bmbn \mspw \K-chpw. sim n-bpss hni-k\ kz]v\- Ä p \nd- mà p \evins mïv - Nqfw-hn-fn-s - nb sim nsat{smbpss BËm-Zm-c-h- fpss amsämen A -co- - nâ\n - Iepw apt¼bmwv tic-f- nsâ tzio-tbm-õhamb s]mt m-whpw ]qhn-fn-s - p- Xv. HmW- mew sim n-bp-ss hym]mc taj-esb F mehpw k¼- -am- n-bn-«pïv. sim«pw IpgÂhn-fnbpw ]qhn-fnbpw D{Xm-S- m- nepsams Ac- p-wà pt¼mä sim n\kc nsâ hn]-w\-ta-j-e-bnâ AXnsâ A\p-c-W-\- Ä ZÀin- m-\m-ipw. Cu HmW-\m-fp-Ifnepw sim n-bpss hym]m-c-cwkw ]pxn-b-im-e- nsâ tncp-h-i-iäiqsn hn]-wn-bn-semcp n, s]mt m-w-\mfns\ hc-thâ m³ AWn-sªm-cp- p-i-bmwv. Cu s]mt mw \mfnâ sim n sat{sm\k-c- nsâ HmW hn]-wn v Hcm-ap-J- p-dn-s -gp-xp-i-bmwv {]kn-²o-i-c-w-cw-k v {it²-b-cmb kàk-zqxv ]»n-t - j³kv sat{sm _kmà- F HmW- -Xn- n-eqss. sat{sm _kmà tlmäsk-bnâ tjm nw-kv cw-k v Hcp k¼qàw hgn-im-«nbmipw. sim n \K-c- n-se- p sndp-ins hym]m-cn-iä v IrXy-X-bmÀ hn[w DXv - - Ä Xnc-sª-Sp- p- -Xn\v DXv - - -sf- pdn pw hym]m-c-øm-]-\- -sf p-dn pw khn-kvxcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p {KÙ-hpw sh_vsskäpamwv sat{sm _kmà. sim nbnse sam -hym-]m-c-cw-ks apgph³ hym]m-c-øm-]-\- -sf p-dn- p-apå hnh-c- Ä e`n- m-³ apgp-h³ D]-t`m-àm- -sfbpw Cu {KÙw klm-bn- p-sa {]Xo- -tbmspw hnizm-k-t m-spw IqsS sat{sm _kmà khn-\bw kaà n- p p. Editor :Celestine Kurisinkal Writer: Shaji Kumbalanghi Manager :Yesudas Joseph Advt. Manager : Jibin K.C Circulation: Akhilraj Design: Hari Photos: A.S. Satheesh, Media Hub, EKM Printed & Published by Sargadooth Publications Press Club Road, Ernakulam 11. Ph: infoekm@gmail.com Web: 8

9 sim n hf-cp- p... khn-ti-jw sa-t{sm kv-tä-j-\p-iä sim n-bpss hym]mc kv-]µ-\w Pn F-kv- Sn sim- n-bp-ss hm-wnpyw sim- n cm-pym- -c ssà-an-\â HmWw h-chm-bn... HmWw sfxo-l-s -cp-a-i-fn-eqss k-ar²ao Hm-W- mew sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä _n-kn\-kv t]-ppiä 9

10 kàk-zqxv {]kn-²o-i-cw cwk v 17 hàjw {]kn-²o-i-c-w-cw-k v ]pxn-sbmcp kà m-ß-i-x-bpss ktµ-ihp-ambn F nb kà -ZqXv ]»n-t -j³kv hnp-b-i-c-amb 17 hàj- Ä ]n n-sp-i-bm-wv. a[y-ti-c-f- nse _nkn-\êv cwk v Hcp A\n-hm-cy-X-bmbn amdnb IÌ-tagvkv sbtãm-t]-p-kv {]kn-²o-i-cn- p-sim-ïmwv kà -Zq-Xv {]kn-²o-i-cw cwk v Nph-Sp-d- n- p- -Xv þ- nâ sim n cq]-x-bpss Aevamb Ub-dIvSdn ]pd- n-d- nb kà -ZqXv 2001-þ Be- pg PnÃm Ub-d-IvSnbpw 2007-þ C³t^m Fd-Wm-Ipfw F t]cnâ Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃm Ub-d-IvSnbpw ] pd- n-d n. XpSÀ v 2008 apxâ kà -ZqXv {]mtz-ini s]cp-a-iä X m-dm- n- p-s- n. ]d-hq-cnâ ]d-hqà s]cp-abpw aqhm-äp-]p-g-bnâ aqhm-äp- pg s]cp-abpw s]cp-¼m-hq-cnâ s]cp-¼m-hqà s]cp-abpw Bep-hm-bn Bep-hm-s]-cp-abpw ]Ýna sim n-bnâ sim n s]cpabpw kà -ZqXv ]pd- n-d- n. PnÃ-bpsS hnzym-`ymk Ncn-{Xhpw D - X-hn-Zym-`ymk Øm]-\- -fpss hnh-c-whpw DÄs m-f-fn- p-simïv 2009-þ ]pd- n-d- nb hnzym-`ymk s]cpa Gsd {it²-b-am-bn P\p-h-cn-bn ]pd- n-d- nb Fd-Wm-Ipfw s]cpa PnÃ-bpsS Ncn{XtiJ-c- n\v Hcp apxâ q-«mbn amdn. PnÃ-bpsS C -e-iä, Sqdnkw, hnzym-`ym-kw, BXp-c-tk-h-\w, hyh-kmbw XpS- nb taje-isf ka-{k-ambn DÄs m-f-fn- p-simïv Fd-Wm-Ipfw s]cp-a-bpss 5 ]Xn- p-iä {]kn-²o-i-cn- n-cp- p. IqSmsX \nc-h[n {]mtz-ini Ncn-{X-{K-Ù- fpw kàk-zqxv {]kn-²o-i-cn- p. C y-bnse atäxp \K-c-s -bpw-imä AXn-thKw hf-cp sim n- v, sim n-bpss hmwnpy hyh-kmb khn-ti-j-x-iä DÄs m-ån- p-sim-ïpå Hcp tjm nwkv sskuv F - \n-e-bnâ sat{sm _kmà F -t]-cnâ 2015  BZy ]Xn v {]kn-²o-i-cn- n-cp- p  {]kn-²o-i-cn- p cïmw ]Xn- nâ sim n-bpss hmwn- Py-s -cp-a-bvs m w C y-bnâ \ne-hnâh- n-«på ]pxnb \nipxn hyh-ø-i-sf- p-dn pw sim n-sa-t{sm-sb- p-dn- p-saãmw khn-kvxcw {]Xn-]m-Zn- p- p-ïv. HmW- m-e-s - qsn hc-th-äp-simïv ]pd- n-d- p Cu {KÙw GhÀ pw Hcp apxâ q-«m-ip Xm-Wv. 10

11 Biwk amtemiscãmcpw H pt]mse t\cpw s\dnhpw hnizmkhpw kxyhpw ]peà n Ignªncp ss] XrI ticf nse Hcp kphà ImeL«s HmWw A\pkvacn n p p. AtXmsSm w, AXypÕmlt mss HmWmtLmj nâ ]s Sp p ticfob kaql nâ taâ cmaàin kmaqly\ ItfmSpÅ Pohkpä B`napJyhpw C pw {]ISamWv. ticfob kaqlw FÃm \ Ifpw DÄs mïv temi n\v Xs amxribmip Xn\v HmWmtLmj Ä Icp mis«sb v Biwkn p p. sim nbpss hnizmkw, Ie, kmwkv mcni cwkhpam bn _Ôs «v {]mtzini Xe nâ CXn\Iw kvxpxyàlhpw KpW]chpamb \nch[n {]kn²o IcW Ä v Np m³ ]nsn n«på kà ZqXv ]»nt j³kv {]kn²oicn p HmW Xn n\v A`n\µ\ Ä. HmWmiwkItfmsS, s{]m^. si.hn.txmakv Fw.]n. Chairman Public Accounts Committee 11

12 Biwk kàkzqxv ]»nt j³ Cu hcp HmWIme v sat{sm _kmà F t]cnâ Hcp HmW n v {]kn²oicn p p F v AdnªXn kt mjaqïv. hnik\ nsâ ]pxnsbmcp Xe nte v IpXn pibmwv \½psS sim n\kcw. sat{smsdbnepw Pe KXmKXhpw AS apå B[p\nI kwhn[m\ fpw, hmwnpyhyhkmb cwks h³ ]²XnIfpw sim nbpss apjomb Xs aäm³ DXIp hbmwv. hfà bpss ]pxnb Xes pt¼mä \Kc nsâ ]mcnkvxnyni, kwkvimcni sshhn[y Ä kwc nt ïxv \½psS FÃmhcpsSbpw ISabmWv. kàkzqxnsâ HmW]Xn v Cu AÀ nâ \Kc n\v Hcp apxâiq«mip-sa v {]Xo n p p. BiwkItfmsS, kuan\n spbnâ tabà 12

13 Biwk ticf nsâ sat{sm \Kcambncn pibmwv C v FdWmIpfw. Ipdp \pw Ipdp\cnIfpw apxeifpw hnlcn ncp AXn]pcmX\ Ncn{X nâ \n v XpS nb FdWmIpfw \Kcw C v aäv GXv \Kcs bpw {Xkn n p hn[w hnimkw {]m]n n cn p p. sim n sat{smbpw sim n cmpym c hnam\ Xmhfhpw sim n A mcmjv{s tìunbhpw AS apå hnik\ ]²XnIfneqsS sim n C v alm\kcambn amdnbncn p p. cmp {]uuntbmss hnf nbncp sim nbpss ]gbimencn{xw apxâ C phscbpå sim nbpss hnik\ apt ä Ä hnhcn v simïv FdWmIpfw BØm\ambn {]hà n p kà ZqXv ]»nt j³kv {]kn²nicn n«på C³t^m FdWmIpfw AS apå ]pkvxi Ä Gsd P\{i² ]nsn p ]änbhbmwv. sim n sat{smbpss DZvLmS\ hntij fpw \nà ½mW khntijxifpw H w A\pImenI hnhc fpw FdWmIpf nsâ aäv {]txyixifpw DÄs Sp n sat{sm _kmà F t]cnâ {]kn²oicn p Cu HmW]Xn v sim nbpss kmwkvimcni hnik\, hmwnpy s]cpabv v apxâiq«v Bbncn pw F Xn kwibanã. Cu ]pxp kwcw` n\v FÃmhn[ BiwkIfpw t\cp p. hnizkvxxtbmss \npmkv Pyph Pnà C³^Àtaj³ Hm^okÀ FdWmIpfw 13

14 sim n hf-cp- p... C y-bn-se sa-t{sm-i-fnâ ]-e-im-cy- -fnepw H mw Øm-\- m-c-\m-wv sim- n- sa-t{sm 2013 Pq 7 \v \n-à-am-twm-zv-lms-\w \nà-h-ln- sa-t{sm \nà-am-ww \m-ep-hàj-hpw 10 Zn-h-k-hpw- sim-ïv D-Zv-Lm-S-\- n-\p k-ö-ambn. B-Zy-L-«- nâ X-s G-ähpw Iq-Sp-XÂ Zq-cw I-½o-j³sN- p- -Xpw sim- n- sa-t{sm-bm-wv. DZv-Lm-S-\ th-f-bnâ cm-py-s G-ähpw an-i- sa-t{sm F- m-wv _lp. {]-[m-\- a{ n \-tc{µ-tam-zn sim n sa-t{sm-sb hn-ti-jn- n- Xv. F-{X-th-K-am-Wv sim- nbp-ss h-f-à-- --sb- v tem-iw ]-dp- -Xv sa-t{sm-sb-t\m- n-bm-wv cq-] ap-s- nâ sim- n-bpss Cu hn-i-k-\- kz-]v-\w ]qà-w-ambpw km- m-xv- -cn- - s -Sp-t¼mÄ \-K-c- nâ K-Xm-K-X Ip-cp- v H-gn-hm- m-\p-å H-cp amà- Kw am-{x-aã ]qà- o-i-cn- -s -Sp- Xv, A- co- a-en-\o-i-c-whpw tdm-u-]-i-s- fpw ]-c-am-h-[n-ip-d- m-\m-ip-sa- {]-Xo- -bp-am-wv. H- w H-cp s]m-xp-k-xm-k-x kwkv- m-chpw sa-t{smh-gn h-fà- nsb-sp- m-\m-ipw. F- mâ C-htb m-sfm-s ]-c-a-{]-[m-\-ambn sa-t{smh-gn ssi-h-cn- m-\m-ip- t\-«-sa -Xv bm{x-bn-se k-a-bamwv. G-hcpw B-{K-ln- p- Xpw CXp-X-s. ]m-em-cn-h-«- p-\n- v B-ep-h h-sc H-cp _-kv bm-{x-bv- v F-{Xk-a-b-sa-Sp- p-sa- v I-W- p-iq-«m- \mip-tam, km-[yaã, tdm-un-se Xn-c- v, K-Xm-K-X-Ip-cp v, ss{u-h- 14

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16 dp-ss ani-hv F- n -s\ hy-xykv- X L-S-I -sf B-{i-bn- m-wv B bm{x. A-Xn-sâ ka-bw ]-dbp-i AXp-sIm-ïpX-s A-km-²y-am- Ipw. F- mâ sa-t{sm-bn-eq-ss 25 an-\päp-simïv Cu Zq-cw Xm-ïm- \m-ip- p-sh -Xp X-s -bm-wv sa-t{sm-sb k-hn-ti-j-am- p- - Xpw. Xr- q-wn- p-d-bnâ \n- p B-ep-h-h-sc-bp-Å bm-{x-bnâ H-cp a-wn- q-dn-sâ em-`ap-ïm-im-\p-å km-²y-x-bm-wv Nq-ïn- m-wn- - s -Sp- -Xv. sa-t{sm Hm-Sn- p-s n-b Cu B-Zy-hÀ-jw C-Ô-\- n-e-hnâ tim-sn-i-fp-ss em-`ap-ïm-ip-sa- m- Wv hn-e-bn-cp- Â.C-Xp kw_- Ôn- G-ItZ-i I-W- p-iä sim- n sa-t{sm sd-bnâ ]-²-Xnbp-sS t{]mp-îv dn-t mà-«n-sâ `m-k-am-bn ]-d-bp- pïv. sa-t{sm ]qà-w-ambn Hm-Sn- p-s- p- B-Zy hàjw 3.82 e- w {Sn- p-iä tdm-unâ \n- v H-gn-hm-Ip-sa- m-wv I-cp-Xp- Xv. B-ep-h-ap-X t]-«-hsc-bp-å 25 In.ao bm-{x-sn-bv-xp Xn-cn-sI-sb- m³ i-cmi-cn c-ïpen-äà Uo-k I-W- m- n-bmâ H-cp hàjw 7.64 e- w en-äà Uo-k an- w-h-cpw. \n-c- n-en-d- p- hm-l-\- -fnâ 60% hpw s]t{smä- hm-l-\- -fm-sw- ncn-s D-ïm-Ip-hm³ t]m-ip- C-Ô-\-em`w C-Xn-ep-sa{Xtbm Iq-Sp-X-em-bn-cn- pw. am-{x-aã C-{X bpw hm-l-\- Ä ]p-dw-x-åp- ImÀ_ ssu Hm-Iv-sskUv, A-Xp-aq-e-ap-ïm-Ip- B-tcm-Ky {]-iv-\- Ä F- n-h-bv- v h-f-sctb-sd Ip-dhpw {]-Xo- n- m-hp- -XmWv. C-Xph-gn \n-c- n-se Xn-c-s m-gn-bp-ibpw kz-im-cy-hml\ fp-ss bm{xmk-a-b- nepw K-Wyam-b Ipd-hv D-ïm- n-sb-sp- m-\p-am-ipw. C y-bn-se sa-t{sm-i-fnâ ]-e-im-cy- -fnepw H mw Øm-\- m-c-\m-wv sim- n- sa-t{sm 2013 Pq 7 \v \n-à-am-twm-zv-lms-\w \nà-h-ln- sa-t{sm \nà-am-ww \m-ep-hà-j-hpw 10 Zn-h-k-hpw-sImïv D-Zv-Lm-S-\- n-\p k-ö-ambn. B-Zy-L-«- nâ X-s G-ähpw Iq-Sp-X Zq-cw I-½o-j³- sn- p- -Xpw sim- n- sa-t{sm-bm-wv. Zq-c- nâ sim- n- p ]n- nâ \n- Â- p- apwss_ sa-t{sm B-Zy-L- «- nâ I-½o-j³-sN-bvXXv 11 In ao-ä-dmwv. sim- n sa-t{sm 13 In. aoä-dpw. X-e-Øm-\-\-K-cn-bn \n- p am-dn \nà-an- p- sa-t{sm F- k-hn-ti-j-xbpw sim- n- pïv. DZv-Lm-S-\ th-f-bnâ cm-py-s G-ähpw an-i- sa-t{sm F- m-wv _lp. {]-[m-\-a{ n \-tc{µ-tam-zn sim n sa-t{sm-sb hn-ti-jn- n- Xv. 16

17 khn-ti-jw sa-t{sm kv-tä-j-\piä Iebpw h -ÀW fpw - IeÀ XmWv sim n sat{sm. FÃmbnS pw B[p\n-IkuIcy Ä. ticf nsâ khntijxisfbpw ImgvN-I-sfbpw Bhn-jv -cn- psim-ïmwv Hmtcm tìj-\p-ifpw AWn-bn-s m-cp- n-bn-«p-å-xv. Smä FseIv- - kn cq] IÂ \ snbvx tìj\pifnâ Gsg w Xow tìj\pifmwv. Beph s]cn-bm-dn-sâ a-sn- -«nâ tìj³ s]cnbmdnsâ asn «nâ \n--- p ticf nse \ZnIfn-eq-sS Hcp k mcamwv Beph sat{sm kv-tä-j³. hnhn[ \Zn-I--fpsS Nn{X Ä hàw fnâ Nm-en- ncn p p, \n-àamw kma{kniä am{xap]tbm-kn v \Zo Pe k¼- v ASbmfs Sp n«pïv. Im-gv- N mc\v ticf nse \ZnIfpsS s]cpasbs v \nkwibw t_m[ys Sp coxn-bn-emwv Beph sat{sm kv--täjsâ cq]- I-ev]-\. tìj\nse Xd t]mepw \Zn-I-fpsS amxribnemwv \nà-½n- ncn- p Xv. lcnxtic-f- nsâ kuµcy-hp-ambn ]pfn ph--sv lcnxticf nsâ kuµcyhpw hnfnt mxp XmWv ]pfn phsv sat{sm kv--täj³. aebmf a ns\ k¼ am p \mwy hnfiä apxâ kkyk¼ nsâ aiptsmzmlcw fmb hnhn[ 17

18 hr exmznifpw a nsâ awapå aebmfnbpss kuµcy k Â]hpw CgtNÀ mwv ChnsS \nàamww \S ncn p Xv. ]pâtaspiä XpS n ImSnsâ A co hpw HmÀaIfpapWÀ p CâocnbÀ Unssk\nwKnsâ anihv ChnsS sxfnªp ImWmw. Ip pifpw aeifpw \n-d-ªv I¼\n Sn ]ÝnaL«sa apjy Bib- -ne-q nbpå-xmwv I¼\n Sn tìj³ \nàan- n-«p-å-xv. B\apSnbpsS XesbSp pw lcnx`wknbpw Nn{XIebneqsS timdnbn«n«p-ïv. \½psS kwk-vimcs hmt\ mfw DbÀ ns «p ]Xm-I-Ifp-sS cq]amwv ae\ncisf Bib nemwv I¼\n Snsb sat{sm simspapsn Snbm nbxv. ssph sshhn[y nsâ Cu-än-Ãsa- coxnbnâ a\pjy \pw ae\n-cifpambpå am\thxc _Ô- fpw tìj\nâ ImWmw. A¼m«vIShn \nd-bp DcK kuµcyw ]m¼pifpss KW nse cmpmhmb cmpsh¼me apxâ A mgw ap«n p \oàt menbpw hscbpå DcKhÀKs Bhnjv-- Icn XmWv A¼m«vIShv kv--täj³. {]IrXnbn ImWs Sp F n\ pw AXntâXmb kuµcyapsï Bibw at\mlcambn tìj³ `n nifnâ Bhnjv--Icn ncn p p. ]m¼pifpss kuµcys pdn på s]mxpt_m[w amänadn p Xc nemwv ChnsS Iemcq] Ä Øm]n ncn p Xv. H p hàk nsâ sshhn[yhpw ChnsS at\m lcambn timdnbn«ncn p Xn\ mâ Imgv mà v CsXmcp \hym\p- `hambn amdpw. 18

19 ap«s ] n q«w ticf nse ] n k¼ v F{Xt mfapsï pw AXnsâ sshhn[yhpw Imgv mà v sxfnbn p simsp p XmWv ap«s sat{sm sdbnâ kv--täj³. ticf nâ ImWs Sp FÃm Xcw ] nisfbpw ]än Aht_m[w e`n m³ klmbiamwv ap«w sat{sm kv--täj³. abnepiä ]o-en hncn msp Xpw hàw- {]-] nte v angn Xpd v ] nifpss sshhn[yhpw hnhn[ Xc nepå Iemcq] fmbn \½psS ap nse pw. Infn\mZw s\t äp hà v IuXpIw \ÂIn. Ifaticnbn ImSnsâ X\na ]ÝnaL«kwkv-- mcsa s]mxp Bibt msv Gähpw \oxn ]peà p XmWv Ifaticnbnse sat{sm kv--täj³. h\m c kvacwifpbà p Xpw BZna kwkv--imcs HmÀan n p XpamWv Ifaticn tìj³. h\m co w \ne\ nà m\pw kvacwiä hc nsm\ pw \nà½mwl«nâ IrXyambn CSs]SepIÄ Dïmbn«pïv. kµàii\v \Kc nc nâ Hcp Ir{Xna h\ambn CXns\ ImWmw. Ipkmänse I tem«ncn{xw sim n v {]mno\amsbmcp PeKXmKX kwkv--imcapïv. C pw H sã nâ asämcp Xc nâ Cu kwkv--imcw sim nbnâ ZriyamWv Xm\pw. Cu {]mno\ XbpsS ASbmfs Sp epifmwv Ipkmäv sat{sm kv--täj³. PeKXmKX nsâ Ncn{Xw kpzo- À-Lambn ASbm-f-s -Sp- n-bn-«pïv tìj\nâ. Idp s]m- p txsn ticf nse nb hntzinifpss \mhni Ncn{Xhpw Xt±iobambn \ap pïmbncp \mhni kwkv- -Imchpw tìj\pifnâ FSp p 19

20 ImWn p pïv. PeKXmKX nsâ ]pxpnn Ifpbcp Ime v Gähpw {]kàw. ] Sn mes aõyk¼ v ticf nsâ aõy k¼ nsâ Zriy fmwv BÝcyapfhm p coxnbnâ ] Sn mew tìj\nâ hc n«ncn p Xv. aebmf nsâ kz w a n apxet m«v FÃm aõy fpw Nn{X fmbpw s]bnân-w-kpifmbpw CSw]nSn ncn p p. Ae mc aõy fpw ` W {]n-bcpss Cã aõy fpw `n nifnâ \ndªp \nâ p p. Xr-Imhn-jv m-c-amwv CS Ån sat{sm tìjs\ aäp kv--täj\ pifnâ \n pwthdn«p \nà p Xv. Gehpw IpcpapfIpw \msnsâ ss] XrIhpw kwkv--imchpw ka\ zbn n v kpkôhyrvp\ fpss IuXpIIcamb AdnhpIfpw \ap- p ap nâ \nc p p CS Ån tìj³. N ¼pgbpsS kvac-w-bpam-sbmcp tìj³ kmlnxyncn{x nse cà\ {Xamb N ¼pgbpsS kvacwmàyapå N ¼pg ]m-à- nse sat{sm kv--täj\p BibamIm³ IebpsSbpw kmlnxy nâbpw Ncn{XaÃmsX asäm nã. aebmfs k¼pãam nb `mjm ]Þn-X- m-cpw A c sf {]Wbn {]n-b kmlnxyimc mcpw N - ¼p-g]mÀ v sat{sm kv--täj\nâ ]p-\àp\n p. CXp ImWpt¼mÄ aebmfn v kz ambpå kwkv--imc-hpw kmlnxyhpw Iebpw Hmtcm kµàiicpssbpw a\knâ A`nam\ apwà pw. kpkôhyrvp\ Ncn{Xhpambn CS Ån kpkôhyrvp\ fpss ss] 20

21 \K-tcm-Zym\w ]memcnh«w \Kc nc n\nsbnâ ]q fpss hàw{]] w XoÀ pibmwv ]m-emcnh«w sat{sm kv--täj³. \½psS \m«nse ]pjv]k¼ ns\ AXnsâ tamsntbmspwiqsn kµàiià p ap nâ hc nsp coxnbnemwv kv--täjsâ \nà½mww. ]memcnh«v h nd p hà v \Kc nc nte v DufnbnSp Xn\v apt¼ a\kv XWp n m³ hàwm`amb ImgvNIfpïv Ccphis `n nifnepw. I n\n-¼w ]Icp ImgvNIfpsS AZv`pXamWv ]memcnh«w sat{sm kv--täj³ Hcp nbncn p Xv. 21

22 Bdv s{sbn\piä, \ndp p Xv 30 sk âv BZyL«w sat{sm kàhokv Bcw`n p Beph apxâ ]memcnh«whsc HmSm³ köam p Xv Bdv s{sbn\piä an\n«v CSthfbn Ccp ZniIfnte pw aq p s{sbn\piä F \nebnemwv kàhokv {IaoIcn p Xv. 26 an\n«v simïv Beph apxâ ]memcnh«whsc 13 IntemaoäÀ s{sbn³ HmSnsb pw. tìj\pifnâ ]camh[n kabw 30 sk ³Uv am{xamwv \nà pi. Xnc nãm tìj\pifmsw nâ kabw CXnepw Ipdbpw. b{ kwhn[m\ nâ {IaoIcn p kab n\\pkcn v Hmtcm tìj\nepw s{sbns\ pt¼mä hmxnepiä Xmt\ Xpd pibpw ASbpIbpw sn pw. Hcp Znibnse s{sbn\piä e y nse n gnªmâ, Ah adpznibnte v Hm«w XpS pw. A s\ cmhnse 6 apxâ 10 cm{xnhsc HmSns mïncn pw. 22

23 sskz v snbvxp IbdWw tìj\nse ]vfmäv t^mante v IS m³ kvamà«v ImÀUv DÅhÀ v AXv sskz v snbvxpibdm³ {]txyi {]thi\ \ncbpïv. AhnsS ImÀUv sskz v snbvxmte IhmSw IS m³ Ignbq. FÃmw Hcp IpS ognâ FÃmw Hcp IpS ognâ F Bib nemwv sat{sm kv--täj\p- IÄ. sndp ` W imeiä apxâ kq ÀamÀ äpiä phsc kv--täj\p- Ifn Øew \ÂIpw. h³ins tlm«epifpss sndp imjifpw ioxf ]m\ob hnev]\ ti{µ fpw hkv{x hnev]\ ISIfpsams DïmIpw. ss³uà \S]SnIÄ {]myani L«nemWv. Beph apxâ ]memcnh«w hscbpå Ggp tìj\pifnâ hmwn- PyØew DïmIpw. I hs msc Im ncn p tìj\piä sat{sm Hmt«m sim n sat{smbnâ bm{x sn p hà v XpSÀ bm{x Ffp am- m³ sat{sm \oe -\nd nepå Hmt«mdn IÄ hcp p. \Kc- n-se 15,000 Hmt«mdn Isf DÄs Sp n sim n sat{sm sdbn-  enanäuv (si.fw.bà.fâ) I¼\nbpïm p Xn\pÅ \S] Sn XpS n. Hmt«mdn bqwnb³ t\xm fpambn sat{sm sdbnâ A[nIrXÀ \S nb NÀ sb XpSÀ mwv \S]Sn. lbà Hmt«m, kvamà«v Hmt«m, ^ouà Hmt«m F n s\ Hmt«mdn Isf aq v hn`mkambn Xncn pw. km[mcw kàhokmwv lbà Hmt«mbn e`n pi. kvamà«v Hmt«m samss_â B¹nt j³ hgn _p v snbv--tx D]tbmKs Sp m\mhq. ^ouà dq«pifnâ \n v bm{x msc Ibäp Xn\mbmWv ^ouà Hmt«mdn IÄ. sat{sm sdbnâ, ^ouà _kpiä, hm«à sat{sm F hbpambn _Ôn n påxmwv ]pxnb Hmt«mdn I¼\n. sat{smbpambn klicn på Hmt«mdn IfpsS I¼\nbpsS \S- n v NpaXe PnÃm Hmt«mdn m bqwnb³ tim HmÀUnt\j³ I½nän mwv. kàhokpifpss kpkaamb \S n n\mbn I¼\n \n-ba fpw N«fpw X mdm pw. I¼\n cq]hxvicn tijw Pn.]n.- Fkv kwhn[m\w, samss_â bm{x ¹m³, kvamà«v ImÀUv Sn änwkv, XpS nbhbpw \S m pw. sabv Ahkm\t mss I¼\n cq] hxvicn m\på {ia fmwv Ct mä ]ptcmkan p Xv. 23

24 kpµcw Cu bm{x a-c- -e- p-i-tfm-fw D-b-c- n--â, B-Im-i- m-gv-n-iä I--ïp-Å sa-t{sm-bm-{x a-t\m-l-c-amwv. ]pd- v a-c- ---fpw si-«n-s- -fpw A-Xn-thKw -]n- n-te-t m-sn a-d-bp-- Pm-e- I m-gv-n-iä B-scbpw hn-kv-a-bn- n- pw. \mw Po-hn- p sim- n- v C-{X-t m-fw `wkntbm F- p A-Xn-i-bn- n pw hn-[-am-wv sa-t{sm Pm-e-I- nâ \n- p-å B-Im-i- m-gv-niä. aq- -S- n- p- K-ÔanÃ, Im-X-S- n- p- hm-l-\- -fpss tlm i-ð- -fnã, C-c-¼-ep- I-fnÃ. F pw ]- pw BIm-i \o-en-abpw \n-d-ª a-t\m-l-c-im-gv- N-IÄ am-{xw. ]m--em-cn-h-«- p-\n- v B-ep-h-bn-te- p-å Cu bm-{x ]-t Iïp-sIm-Xn-Xo-cpw-ap-t¼ A-h-km-\n- pw. ]p-ibpw sh-bnepw -s]m----snbpw \n-d-ª A-k-l-\o-bam-b tdm-up bm-{x-bnâ-\n- v \n- v Xn-I pw hn-`n- -am-b A-\p-`-h-am-Wv sa-t{sm-bm{x\-ev--ip- Xv. Xp-cp-¼p-]n-S- m- Ìo ]m-fniä-sim-ïp \nà-an- kp-µ-camb tim- p-i-fm-wv sa-t{sm-bp-ssxv. C-fw ]- -\n-d-ap-å ko-äpiä. Ø-eku-I-cy-ap-Å A-I -fw A-Xym-[p-\o-I-co-Xn-bn \nà-½n- n-«p-å tì-j- \p-iä, hr- n F n-h sa-t{sm-sb F p-simïpw an-i- - Xm- p- pïv. ]m-em-cn-h-«- n\pw B-ep-h-bv- p-an-s-bnâ H¼-Xp kv-täj-\pi-fm-wpåxv Hmtcm kv-täj-\p ap¼pw F- n-s m-ïn-cn- p- kv-tä-j³ GXv, A-Sp- tì-j-t\-xv F- p-å A-dn-bn- v Unkv-t¹ t_mà-unâ sx-fn-bpw. B-ep-h-ap-X ]m-e-cn-h-«w-h-sc-bp-å C-cp]-Xp an-\n-äv bm-{x H-cp hn-t\m-z-bm-{x-sb- Xp-t]m-se B-kzm-Zy- I-c-amWv. an\-aw ]- p-cq-]-bm-wv Sn -äv NmÀ-Pv. aq- p tim- p-i-fp-å s{s-bn-\n-â 136 ko-äp-i-fm-wp-åxv. \n- p bm-{x-sn- p- -hà DÄ-s ss 975 t]à- v bm-{x-sn- m-\p-å ku-i-cyw s{s-bn-\n-eq-ïv. ]- p-an- \n-äv C-S-hn-«m-Wv kà-hokv. B Ahn-kv-a-c-Wo-b Zn-\w sim- n-bp-ss hni-k-\ kz-]-\- Ä- v Nn-d-Ip-hncn Zn-h-k-am-bn-cp- p Pq 17. \m-ep-hà-jw \o-ï sa-t{sm-\nà-am-ww {]- hà- -\ k-ö-ambn, bm-{x-xp-s n-b \nan-jw. D- y-bn-se G-ähpw an-i- sa-t{sm sim- n-bnâ A-Xn-sâ bm-{x-bm-cw`n- \n-anjw. izm-k-a-s- n-\n sim- n-bp-ss s\- nâ B-\-µ- n-sâ s]-cp-¼-d-bm-bncp p. {]-[m-\-a{ nbpw ap-jy a-{ nbpw ti-{µ-a-{ n-amcpw sa-t{sm-in-ev-]n C. {io-[- c\pw \n-c- k-¼- hpw {]u-v-hpam-b D-ZvLm-S-\ th-zn-bm-bn-cp- p AXv. cm-{ãob hy-xym-k- Ä- - p-dw cm-py- n-sâ hn-i-k-\-hn-im-cw Xp-Sn-, G-tIm-]n- A- -co- - n-em-bn-cp- p sim- n sa-t{sm {]-[m-\-a{ n cm-py- n-\p k-aà- n- Xv. ]m--e-cnh-«w tì-j-\nâ sa-t{sm-bm-{x \m-sap-dn v {]-[m-\-a{ n D-Zv-Lm-S-\w-sN-bvXp. ]- -Sn- m-ewh-sc bm-{x-snbv-x A-t±-lw sim- n A- m-cm-{ã tì-un-b- nâ X- mcm n-b th-zn-bn-se- n ^e-iw A-\m-h-c- Ww-sN-bv-Xp. sa-t{sm th-k- nâ ]qà- o-i-cn- m³ t\-xrxzw \-evin-b sa-t{sm-am³ C {io-[- c³ th-zn-bnâ X-m-c-ambn. A-t±-l- n-sâ t]-cv {]-[m-\-a-{ n-bs- w ]-cm-aà-in- -t msgm-s kz-kv hn-im-c-[o-\-am-bn I-c-tLmjw-ap-g- n-s m-ïn-cp- p. ap-jy-a{ n ]n-wdm-bn hn-p-b\pw sh- - -\m-bn-up-hp-saãmw {io-[c-sâ t\-xr-]msh-s ]p-i-gv- n. 24

25 sim n-bpss hym]mc kv]µ\w sim n-bpss hym]mc kv]µ-\- amwv Fd-Wm-Ipfw amà äpw t{_muvthbp-w. Imew-amän hc FÃm B[p-\oI Nn{X- -sf- mfpw sxfn-a-bpå hym]m-c-n-cn- {X-amWv Fd-Wm-Ipfw amà -än\ pw t{_muvthbv pw ]d-bm-\p-å-xv. sim n-bpss Ncn-{X- nsâ `mk-amwv t{_muvth. c mw temi alm-bp-²- Im-e v Fd-Wm-Ipfw \K-c- nsâ apgp-h³ hym]m-cm-h-iy- fpw \nd-thä-bn-cp- Xv t{_muvthbmw.v A v timhnâh-«-sa- mwv CXv Adn-b-s - «n-cp- -Xv. hfsc {]kn-²-am-bn-cp p timhnâh-«w. t {X-]-cn-k-c- Ä DÄs -Sp- -Xn-\m-em-IWw timhnâh- «-sa v {]kn-²n-bmàpn- -Xv. sim nbpss hym]mc kncm-ti-{µ-am-bn-cp a«m-t -cn-bnâ \n p km[-\- Ä a p-h-bn-teän \K-c- n-te-s - n ncp- Xv Chn-sS-bm-bn-cp- p. tim n cm-pm-hnsâ ZoÀL-ho- -W-am-bn-cp p t{_muv thbpss hni-k-\- n\p \nzm-\-am-b-xv. si«nsw ]WnXp hym ]mcw \S- -W-sa Icm-dn Hcp skân\p c p cq] Xd-hm-SI \nc- nâ {]tziw apgp-h³ hym]m-c- n-\mbn hn«p-sim-sp- p-i-bm-wp-m-b-xv. A p ]WnX si«n-s- Ä Xs -bmwv C pw t{_muvthbnâ \ne-\nev p- -h-bnâ ]e-xpw. t{_muvthbnâ BZy-ambn hni-kn Xv hkv{xhym] mcamwv. ]n osv PqX mà F nb-txmss G mb I -h-shpw XpS- n. ]e-n-c- v, ] - dn hym]mcw ]ns bpw Ime- Ä p-tijw Bcw- `n- -Xm-Wv. I - -bnâ \n- p kp-k-ô-{z-hy-i- -h-s- mà F n-btxmss Chn-Ss hym]m-c-ta-je hf-sc-thkw {]kn-²n-bmàpn- p. ]n o-s-t m«v tic-f- nsâ Xs hym]m-c-kv]-µ\w a\-ên-em- m³ Ign-bp-amdv Cu taje hfà p, AXn-th-Kw. 25

26 Pn F-kv- Sn \n-ip-xn-bp-ss G-tIm-]-\ kw-hn-[m\w tzio-b kwøm-\ X-e- -fn-em-bp-å H-t«sd ]-tcm- -\n-ip-xni-sf G-tIm-]n- n- v \-S- n-em- p- ]p-xnb \n-ip-xn k-{¼-zm-b-am-wv Nc- p tk-h\ \n-ip-xn AY-hm Pn-F-kvSn. hmäv, {I-b\n-IpXn, {]-th-i-\ \n-ipxn, Xt±-i Øm-]-\ \n-ipxn, hn-t\m-z \n-ip-xn B-Uw-`c \n-ip-xn F- n -s\ kw-øm\s hn-xyø \n-ip-xn hy-h-ø-i-sf-bpw -ti-{µ FIv-ssk-kv \n-ipxn, A-Uo-j-\Â FIv-ssk-kv \n-ipxn, ti-{µ hnev-]-\-\n-ipxn, A-Uo-j-\Â Iw-Ìw-kv Uyq-«n Xp-S n-b ti-{µ \n-ip-xn-k-{¼zmb- -sf-bpw PnF-kv-Sn \n-ip-xn hy-h-ø-bnâ G-tIm-]n- n- n-«pïv. \n-ip-xn- p-taâ \n- 26

27 Ip-Xn-sb- ]-g-b co-xn-bnâ \n- p hn-xy-ø-am-wv Pn-F-kvSn. H-cp-ev]- w H-cp \nc- v F- -Xm-Wv C-Xp-aq-e-apïm-Ip- {][m-\ t\-«w. cm-py-am-si H-ä- -t¼m-f-am-bn am-dp-sa- k-hn-tij-xbpw Pn-F-kv-Sn- pïv. C-tXmsS k-aq-ehpw hn-]p-e-hpam-b am-äw \-½psS \n-ip-xn-hy-h-ø-bnâ kw-pm-x-ambn-cn- p- p. hn]-w-\hpw tk-h-\hpw k-a-\z-bn- p- ]pxn-b GIoIr-X \n-ip-xn k-{¼-zm-b- n-\v A-hy-à-Xbn \n- p-å Nn-e IÃp-I-Sn-I-sfmgn- mâ ]c-s Aw-Ko-I-cn- -s -Sm- \m-wp km-[y-x. F- mâ hy-hkm-b hm-wn-py-ta-j-e-i-fp-ss {I-ao-I-c-W - sf B-{i-bn- m-bn-cn pw C-Xn-sâ hn- P-b km[y-x \n-co- n- -s -Sp- Xv. Pn-F-kv-Sn \-S- n-em-ip- -Xp-aq-eap-Å t\-«- Ä ]-e-hn-[-amwv. kà- m-cn\pw hm-wn-py-ta-j-e-iä pw D-]-t`m-àm-hn\pw Hcp-t]m-se t\-«-ap- Å \n-ip-xn hy-h-ø-bm-wv Pn-F-kvSn. \n-ip-xn k-{¼-zm-bw G-Io-I-cn- m³ I-gn-bp- p F- -Xm-Wv kà- m-cn-sâ {][m-\ t\«w. \n-ip-xn ]n-cn-hn-sâ Imcy- nâ kw-øm-\- Ä- n-s-bn-ep-å A\m-tcm-Kyam-b a-õ-c- Ä C-Xp-aqew CÃm-Ipw. hy-hkm-b hm-wn-py ta-j-e-iä- p kp-k-a-am-bn {]-hà- n- m-\p-å ku-icy-sam-cp- n \n-t - ]m-\piq-e km-l-n-cyw- kr-ãn- m³ Pn-F-kv-Sn h-gn-sx-fn- pw. k- oà-wam-b \n-ip-xn-co-xn CÃm- Xm-Ip-Ibpw \n-ip-xn _m-lpeyw Ip-d- ªp-In-«p-Ibpw sn- p- p F- -Xm-Wv hm-wn-py hy-hkm-b ta-j-e-bp-ss {]-[m-\ t\«w. -A- u-ïnw-kv DÄs - -ss-bpå tpm-en-i-fnâ K-Wyam-b Ip-d-hp-ïm-Im-\p-Å km-²y-x-bm-wv a-säm v. hnx-c-w irw-j-e Iq-Sp-X ^-e-{]-z-am- m\pw N-c- p-\o- hpw kw-`-c-whpw DÄ-s -Sp tem-pn-kv-än- v kw-hn-[m-\- Ä- p Nn-e-hp-Ip-d- m\pw hnâ-]-\-bnâ hà-[-\-hp-ïm- m\pw Pn-F-kv-Sn h-gn-sx-fn- p-sa {]-Xo- -bm-wv em-¼ o-i hn-z-kv-zà ap-t m-«p-h-bv- p- Xv. sn v-t]m-kv-äv t]m-ep-å hgn-tbm-c \n-ip-xn ti-{µ- Ä CÃm-Xm-Ip- -txm-ss k-a-bem-`hpw aäpw t\-«-am-bn `-hn- pw. cm-py-s -hn-ss \n- p-hm- p- D-Xv- ]- - n\pw H-cp \n-ip-xn-bm-b-xn-\ mâ \n-ip-xn \nà-w-b- n-se k oà- W-X-IÄ CÃm-Xm- m³ D]-t`m-àmhn-\p-I-gn-bp-sa -Xv D-]-t`m-àm-hn-s\ kw-_-ôn- p- {][m-\ t\-«-am-wv. sxm-gnâ cwk- v Pn-F-kv-Sn Iq-Sp- X A-h-k-c- Ä kr-ãn- p-sa- - Xm-Wv a-säm-cp {]-Xo-. hn-]w-\w D-]-t`m-àr-tkh-\w Xp-S- n-bcw-k- -fnâ bp-h-x-e-ap-d-bv v sxm-gnâ km-l-n-cy- Ä I-sï- m³ I-gntª- p-sa- p hn-en-cp- -s -Sp p. am-{xaã, Pn-F-kv-Sn {]m-_-ey- n-em-btxm-ss hn-tz-i-\n-t -]w C- ybnâ h-cp- -Xn-\v Iq-Sp-X A-\p-Iq-eam-b km-l-n-cy-am-wp-ïm-ip- -sx- p-am- Wv hn-z-kv-z-axw. \n-ip-xn _m-lpeyw hym-]m-c- n-sâ kp-k-aam-b \-S- n- n-s\ k-lm-bn- p-sa pw N-c- p- \o- hpw kw-`-c-whpw DÄ-s -Sp tem-pn-kv-än- v kw-hn-[m-\- Ä Im-tem-Nn-X-am-Ip- -txm-ss k-a-bem`hpw [\-em`-h-hpw -D-ïm-Ip-sahnX-c-W irw-j-e Iq-Sp-X ^-e- {]-Z-am- m\pw N-c- p-\o- hpw kw-`-c-whpw DÄ-s -Sp tem- Pn-kv-än- v kw-hn-[m-\- Ä- p Nn-e-hp-Ip-d- m\pw hnâ-]-\- bnâ hà-[-\-hp-ïm- m\pw Pn- F-kv-Sn h-gn-sx-fn- p-sa {]-Xo- -bm-wv em-¼ o-i hn-z-kv-zà ap-t m-«p-h-bv- p- Xv. sn v-t] m-kv-äv t]m-ep-å hgn-tbm-c \n-ip- Xn ti-{µ- Ä CÃm-Xm-Ip- -txmss k-a-b-em-`hpw aäpw t\-«-ambn `-hn- pw. 27

28 Po-hn-X- n-e-hp-iä kq- v-a-am-bn ]cntim-[n- m-wv X -fp-ss \n-e-]m-sp-iä hyà-am- p- -Xv. PnF-kv-Sn \-S- n-em-b-txm-ss G- Xmïv FÃm tk-h-\- fpw \n-ip-xn- ]-cn-[n-bnâ DÄ-s -Sp- p F- -Xm-Wv {]-txyi-x. \n-e-hnâ 15 % am{xw tkh-\-\n-ip-xn-\-ev-ip- tk-h-\- Ä- v C-\n 18% \n-ip-xn \-ev-ti-ïn-h-cp-sa- m-wv I-W- m- -s -Sp- Xv. A-Xn-\ mâ tk-h-\- Ä- m-bn Nn-e-hn-Sp- Xp-I-bn 5 ap-xâ 12% h-sc hà- ²-\-bp-ïm-tb- mw. N-c- p-i-fp-ss Im-cy- n-se- -t]m-se tk-h-\- - Ä pw hy-xy-øam-b \n-c- p-i-fm-wv m-wv A-\p-am\w. Iq-Sp-X hn-tz-i- \n-t -]I-sc C-t m-«m-ià-jn- m³ C-Xp k-lm-bn pw A-tXm-sS sxm-gne-h-k-c- -fnâ K-Wyam-b hà-²-\-hpap-ïm-ipw. Pn-F-kv-Sn hym-]-i-am-ip- -txmss -Po-hn-X- n-e-hnâ t\cn-b hà-²-\- bm-wv km-¼ n-i hn-z-kv-zà Nq-ïn- m-wn- p- Xv. C-Xv km-[m-c-w- mcnâ 5 i-x-am-\hpw k-¼- -cnâ 10 i-x-am-\hpw B-Im\m-Wv km-[y-x. s]m-xp \n-ip-xn`m-cw aq n-sem- p Ip-d- m³ Pn-F-kv-Sn k-lm-bn pw F- p kà- mà hm-zn- p-t¼mgpw Nn-e hy-h-øiä Cu hmz-s X-S-Ê-s -Sp- p- p-ïv. 81 i-x-am-\w D-Xv-]- - Ä- pw 18 i-x-am-\- nâ Xm-sg-bm-Wv Pn-F-kv-Sn F- I-W- m-wv kà- màhmz-s \ym-bo-i-cn- p- Xv. km-¼ n-i hn-z-kv-z-cmi-s«kà- m-cn\pw hm-wn-py-ta-je-iä pw D-]-t`m-àm-hn\pw Hcp- t]m-se t\-«-ap-å \n-ip-xn hy-h-ø-bm-wv Pn-F-kvSn. \n-ip-xn k-{¼-zm-bw G-Io-I-cn- m³ I-gnbp- p F- -Xm-Wv kà- m-cn-sâ {][m-\ t\«w. \n-ip-xn ]n-cn-hn-sâ Im-cy- nâ kw-øm-\- Ä- n-sbn-ep-å A\m-tcm-Kyam-b a-õc- Ä C-Xp-aq-ew CÃm-Ipw. hyh-km-b hm-wn-py ta-j-e-iä- p kp-k-a-am-bn {]-hà- n- m-\\p-å ku-icy-sam-cp- n \n-t -]m-\p Iq-e km-l-n-cyw- kr-ãn- m³ Pn- F-kv-Sn h-gn-sx-fn- pw. 28

29 I-W- m- n-bn-«p-å-xv. 5%,12%,18%,28% F- n- -s\-bm-wv \n-c- piä hmàjn-i hn-äp-h-c-hv 20 e- - n- \p ap-i-fn-ep-å hm-wn-py ta-j-e- IÄ m-wv Pn-F-kv-Sn- c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp-i. F- mâ kw- Øm-\-X-e- neã, tzio-b X-e- nem-bn-cn pw hn-äp-h-c-hn-sâ txmxv I-W- m- -s -Sp-I. A-Xmb-Xv H-cp hym-]m-cn- v c-ïp-kw-øm-\- -fn-embn c-ïp hn-ev-]-\-ti-{µ- -fp-sï- nâ c-ïn-s- -fnepw c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ B-hiy-am-bn h-cpw. \n-ip-xn H-gnhp-bp-Å D-Xv-]- - Ä pw tk-h-\- Ä- v Pn- F-kv-Sn c-pn-kv-t{sj³ B-h-iy-am-bn hmàjn-i hn-äp-h-c-hv 20 e- - n-\p ap-i-fn-ep-å hm-wn-py ta-j-e-iä m-wv Pn-F-kv-Sn- c-pnkv-t{s-j³ B-h-iy-am-bn h-cp-i. F- mâ kw-øm-\-x-e- neã, tzio-b X-e- n-em-bn-cn pw hn-äp-h-c-hn-sâ txmxv I-W- m- -s -Sp-I. A-Xmb-Xv H-cp hym-]m-cn- v c-ïp-kw-øm-\- - fn-em-bn c-ïp hn-ev-]-\-ti-{µ- -fp-sï- nâ c-ïn-s- -fnepw c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ B-h-iy-am-bn h-cpw. ImÀjn-tIm-Xv-]- - -fpss hn-x-c-w-ap-å IÀ-j-IÀ pw Pn-F-kv-Sn c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ \njv- IÀ-j-bnÃ. h-cp- nã. ImÀjn-tIm-Xv-]- - -fp-ss hn-x-c-w-ap-å IÀ-j-IÀ pw Pn-F-kv- Sn c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ \njv-ià-j-bnã. Pn-F-kv-Sn c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ \-S- nbn-«p-å-hà A-h-cp-sS c-pn-kv-t{s-j³ \-S- n-bn-«på sam-ss_â t^m aptj-\ F-³-tdmÄ-saâv sh-cn-^nt -j³ \-S- mw. h sssw ] m--kv-thà-uv (H-Sn]n) h-gn-bm-wv sh-cn- ^n-t -j³ \-S- m-\m-ip-i. Pn-F-kv- Sn F³-kÀ-h-dp-am-bn _-Ô-s -Sm-\ på tkm-^v-äv-sh-bà Xp-S n-b kmt Xn-I kw-hn-[m-\- Ä \n-ip-zn-zm-b- IÀ k-ö-am-t -ï-xpïv. AXp-t] m-se C³-thm-bv-kv am- nwkpw aäpw Ip-d-ª km-t Xn-I kw-hn-[m\- -tfm-ss sn- m³ I-gn-bp- -hbã. Pn.F-kv-Sn F³ A-[n-jvTn-X _n-kn\- kv B-¹n-t -j³ A-sÃ- nâ A- uïnw-kv tkm-^v-äv-sh-bà C-hn-sS k-lmb-i-am-ipw. 29

30 Ibän-d- - Ä 1 ]gw, ]- - -dn-bn-\- Ä pw ]m-en\pw \n-e-hnâ \n-ip-xn-bnãm Ah-Ø Xp-Scpw tim-gn-bn-d- n- p-ïm-bn-cp- \n-ip-xn C-tXm-sS CÃm-Xm- Ipw. F mâ ]m- p-sn-bv-xp-å hn-ev-]-\-bnâ \n-ip-xn _m-[-i-am-ipw. 5% \n-ip-xn-bp-ïm-bn-cp- ià- -c-bv pw C-\n \n-ip-xn D-ïm-bn-cn- p-i-bnã. 2 \n-txym-]-tbm-k km-[-\- fm-b D v, A-cn, tkm-x¼v, tkm-x¼p-s]msn, ssa-z, ap-«ssx-cv, tx³, s{_uv, ] -Sw a-õyw, amw-kw F- n-hbpw Pn- F-kv-Sn _m-[-i-aãm- D-Xv-]- - -fm-wv. F- mâ {_mâp sn-bv-x tx³, B-«, ssa-z, ]-\oà F- n-h-bv- v Pn-F-kv-Sn _m-[-i-am-ipw. 3 C- n, Ip-cp-ap-fIv, {Km¼p, G-e-bv-, Pm-Xn, aªä, tx-bn-e, Im n, ]- -km-c, `- y F- -IÄ F- n-h-bv- pw, ]mâ-s]msn, anâ- v ^p-uv F- n-h-bv pw Pn-F-kv-Sn 5% _m-[-i-am-bn-cn- pw. 4. sh-, s\bv, I-ip-hïn, _-Zmw Pmw Xp-S- n-b-h-bv- v 12% hpw I-Ì-Uv ]u-u-dn\pw a-äpw 12% \n-ip-xn-bp-ap-ïm-bn-cn- pw. 5. ]m-n-i-hm-x-i- n\v 5% \n-ip-xn _m-[-i-am-ipw. 6. F-bÀ- -ïo-j\à, hm-jnw-kv sa-jo³, Unjv hmjà, d-^n-p-td-äà, hmizw o\à, ko-enw-kv ^m³ Xp-S n-b C-e-t{Îm-Wn-Iv-kv D-Xv-]- - Ä- v 28% hpw A-eq-an\n-b ]m-{x- Ä- v 12% hpw \n-ipxn Cu-Sm- pw. 7 s]-bnâv, thmä t] À, sk-dm-an vv sssâ F- n-h-bv- pw 28 i-x-am-\-ambn-cn pw Pn-F-kvSn. 8, tkm v, t]-ìv, slbà Hm-bnÂ, t m v, Ip-S, t^m F- n-h-bv- pw 1000 cq-]-bv- p ap-i-fn-ep-å h-kv--{x- Ä pw 12% hpw jmw]q, s]à-^yqw kuµcy h-kv-xp- Ä F- n-h-bv- v 28 i-x-am-\hpam-bn-cn pw PnF-kv-Sn cq-]-bv- p Xm-sg-bp-Å h-kv-{x- Ä- v 5 i-x-am-\w \n-ip-xnbpw _m-[-iam-ipw. 9. \n-e-hnâ 18% \n-ip-xn-bp-å ]q-pm km-[-\- Ä- v Pn-F-kv-Sn h-gn \n-ip--xn-bnãm-xmipw F- mâ ti-c-f- nâ \n-ip-xn CÃm-Xn-cp sa-gp-ip-xncn pw A-KÀ_- n pw C-\n \n-ip-xn _m-[-i-am-bn-cn- pw. 30

31 sim- n-bp-ss hm-wnpyw ti-c-f- n-se a-tä-xp \-K-c- -sf-sb-imä ti-{µo-ir-x hn]-w-\ {]-tz-i-sa- \n-e-bnâk-hn-ti-j-x-bà-ln- p- \-K-c-am-Wv sim n. D- p-sxm-«p IÀ- q-cwh-sc F - B-e- m-cn-ix-sb A-\zÀ- -am- p - hn]-w-\ ti-{µw. sam- -hn-ev-]- \-im-e-i-fpw sn-dpin-s I- -h-s- mcpw C-S-I-eÀ - p-å kw-c-`- Ä G-sd-bp-Å-Xn-\mÂX-s sim- n-bp-ss tjm- n- v F- mâ k-\zqà-w-amwv. I- n-ep-å-xn-\p I-cp-X F- Un-Pn-ä Nn- -IÄ- pw sim- n-bnâ a-xn-bm-b C-S- -fpïv. k-\z-sc am{xw D-t±-in- p-å 31

32 h³-kw-c-`- Ä-s m- w Z-cn-{ZÀ ] mà-iz-hâ- -cn- -s «p-t]m-im- hn-[w C-S-I-eÀ- hn]-w-\ k-{¼- Zm-b-am-Wv sim- n-bp-tsxv. F- pw Xn-cn-ªp hm- m-s\- p - sndnb B-h-iy- m-sc b-ym-hn-[n kzo-i-cn- p-i-bm-wv sim- n-bp-ss h-gn-hm-wn-`- mà. sam h- S- mà pw sn-dp-in-s- mà pw h-gn-hm-wn-`- mà- p-saãmw B-hiy- n-\v D-t`m-àm -sf \-ev-im³ {]m-]v-x-am-wv sim n. A-Xn-\À- w sim- n hn]-w-\ kn-cm-ti{µw F -p-x-s -bmwv. ]-Ån-ap- v ap-xâ C-S- -f-fn h-sc-bp-å... In.an. Np-ä-f-hn-em-Wv sim- n-bp-ss hym-]m-c-ta-j-e hn- ykn- -s -«n-«p-åxv. h-kv-{x-hym- ]-c-am-wv sim- n-bnâ F- - nâ- Iq-S-pX-ep-ÅXv. Cu cw-ks A-Xn-Im-bcm-b si.f³.pn, ta-, t\m-hâ-än F -n-hà sim- nb-ss h-kv-{x hn-]-w-\- n-\v ]-In-t«-Ip- «p-ïv. F- mâ sn-dpin-s hy-hkmbni-sf sxãpw _m-[n- m- hn-[-am-wv h³ hym]-c-ta-j-e-iä h-f-cp- Xv. D-]-t`m-àm- Ä Np-cp- nb-xv aq- px-cw hn-ev-]-\- m-sc B-{i-bn- p- p-sï--xm-wv- C-Xn-\p Im-cWw. \-K-c- n-se hn-]-w-\-ta-j-ebnâ c-ïmw-øm-\w Ce-t{Îm-Wn- v D-ev-]-\- Ä- m-sw-p-]-d-bmw. ]n-«m- n-ån tkm-]p \- ne- v sam - - h- S- mà pw sn-dp-in- S- mà pw h-gn-hm-wn-`- mà- p-saãmw B-h-iy- n-\v D-t`m-àm -sf \-ev-im³ {]m-]v-x-am-wv sim n. A-Xn-\À- w sim- n hn]-w-\ kn-cm-ti{µw F -p- X-s -bmwv. F- nhà Cu cwk- v an-i- -hym-]- cn-i-fm-wv. sn-dp-in-s, h³in-s hym-]-cn-ifp-ss kn-cm-ti{µw \-K-c- nâ t{_m-uv-th X-s- bmwv. h-kv-{x- Ä ap-xâ B-[p\n-I C-e-Ivt{Sm- Wn-Iv D-Xv-]-- -fp-ssbpw ap-gp-h³ hn]-wn C-hn-sS k-po-h-amwv. ko-k-wâ I- -h-s-am-wv t{_m- Uv-th-bp-sS k-hn-tij-x. HmWw, {In-kv-Xp-akv, _-{IoZv, dw-km³, Cu-kv-äÀ Xp-S n-b ap-gp-h³ B-tLm-j- -fp-ssbpw s]men-a a-\-kn-em- m³ t{_m-uv-th-bp-ss kv-]-µ-\-a-dn-ªmâ a-xn-bm-ipw. Ce-t{Îm-Wn- v-kv D-Xv-]- - -fpss hn]-w-\ ta-j-e-sb- mâ s] âm-ta-\-ibpw a-ssd³-ss{u-hp-sam- -bmwv. sam-ss_â-t^m-wpiä, hm- p-iä Xp-S- n-b-h-bp-ss {]-txy-i ti-j-c- -fp-ss ti-{µsa -v s]âm-ta-\-i-sbbpw a-ssd³ss{u-hn-s\-bp-saãmw hn-ti-jn- n- mw. Im-e- n-sâ ssl-s«- v am-ä- Ä {]-Xn-^-en- p- C-S- - fm-wn-h. C-ã-apÅ-Xv B-h-iy- n- \p Xn-c-sª-Sp- m-\p-å ku-icyhpw ti-j-chpw Cu ssl-s«v ti-{µ- -fn-ep-ïv.. \-K-c- nâ Fw. Pn. tdm-un-em- Wv kzà-w-ti-j-c- -fp-ss a-lm-hnkva-bw XoÀ- n-«p-å Øm-]-\- - fp-åxv. F- Kn-cn ss] PzÃ-dnbpw B-e- m-«v PzÃ-dn-bp-saÃmw Cu cwk- v {]-K-Û-cmWv. tem-i-s X-s ^m-j³-x-cw- K- Ä am-dn-a-dn-bp--xv sim- n-bnâ {]-Xn-^-en- p-xv C -cw A- mcm-{ã hym-]m-cn-iä sim- n-bnâ {]-hà- n- p--xn-emwv. 32

33 sim- n cm-pym- -c ssà-an-\â ti-c-f- n-se thym-abm-\ N-cn-{X- n-se ]pxn-b A-²ym-bw sim- n cm-pym- -c-hn-am-\- m-h-f- n-se cm-pym- -c ssà-an-\â ti-c-f- n-se thym-abm-\ N-cn-{X- nâ ] pxn-b A-²ym-bw Ip-dn- pw. P-\Io-b Iq-«m-bva-bn-eq-sS \m-sn-sâ hni-k-\ kz-]-\v- Ä km- m-xv- -cn- m-\m- Ip-sa- -Xn-\v D- -a D-Zm-l-c-W-amWv Cu cm-pym- -c ssà-an\â. P\Io-b Iq-«m-b-a-bn-eq-sS H-cp hn-am-\- mhfw-t]mepw km-²y-am-ip-sa- p-sx-fnbn- A-]qÀ-h _-lp-a-xnbpw Cu ssàan-\-en-\p-ïv. 15 e- w N-Xpc-{i A-Sn hn-kv-xr-xn-bp-å Sn. 3 sim- n-hn-am-\- m-h-f- nse Cu ssà-an-\-en-sâ \nàam-w Nn-e-hv 850 tim-sn cq-]-am- 33

34 {XamWv. Nn-e-hp-Np-cp- -en-sâ a-lmam-xr-i-bmbpw sim- n hn-am-\- m-h-f- n-se ]pxn-b cm-pym- -c ssà-an-\â hn-ti-jn- n- -s Spw. \nà-am-w- Nn-ehm-b 850 tim-sn-bnâ kn-hnâ {]-hà- n-iä- p Nn-e-hm-b-Xv 637 tim-sn cq-]-bmwv. N-Xpc-{i A-Sn- v 4250 cq- ]-am-{xw. suâ-ln-hn-am-\- m-h-f- nse aq mw ssà-an-\â \nà-am-w- n-\v -N-Xpc-{i A-Sn- v th-ïn-h- -Xv cq-]-bm-wv. FÃm B-[p\n-I kw-hn- [m\- -tfm-ss-bp-am-wv ssà-an-\â ]qà- o-i-cn- n-cn- p--- Xv. G-{] \nà-am-w- n-\v 175 tim-snbpw \m-eph-cn- m-x-bv pw taâ-]m-e- n-\p-am-bn 98 tim-snbpw Nn-e-hmbn. Xr-iqÀ-] qc-s B-ib---h-Xv- -cn- p H-cp n-b DÄ- a-bw a-t\m-l-c-amwv. C-cp\n-e a-µn-c- nâ 84 sn- v C³ Iu-ïÀ k-öo-i-cn- n-«p-ïv. 10 F-kv-I-te-äÀ 21 F-en-thäÀ, aq- p hm- nw-kv th, aq-hm-bn-cw \n-co- -W Iyma-d, kn-sn kv-im-\à DÄ-s -«A-Xym-[p\o-I _m-tk-pv kw-hn-[m-\w, N-Xpc- {i A-Sn hn-kv-xvr-xn-bp-å Uyq-«n {^o cm-py-s B-Zy k-¼qà-w ku-tcmà-p hn-am-\- m-hfw, B-Zy P-\Io-b hn-am-\- mh-fw F- o \n-e-i-fnâ {]-i-kv-x-am- Wn-Xv  20,000 cq-] {]mcw-` aq-e-[-\-hp-am-bn B-cw- `n I¼-\n C- v ti-cf--- n-sâ hni-k-\ N-cn-{X- nâ \n-à-wmb-i i-àn-bmwv. tjm- p-iä F- o ku-i-cy- -fp-ïv amà- v 11 \v ssh-in-«v 4 \v a-kv- -änâ \n- p-å P-äv F-b-À th-bvkv hn-am-\w Sn 3 ssà-an-\-en-sâ G-{] Wn-- C-d- n-b-txm-ss ssà-an-\â {]-hà- -\ k-ö-ambn. P-e-]o-c- nbp-]-tbm-kn- v sh-åw-no-än- v A-`n-hm- Zyw- sn-bvxp-sim-ïm-wv B-Zy hn-am-\ s h-c-th-äxv. ti-c-f ap-jy-a{ n ]n--w-dm-bn hn-p-b³ hnam-\ Po-h-\--- m scbpw bm-{x- m-scbpw aäpw kzo- I-cn p. sim- n³ CâÀ \m-j-wâ FbÀ-t]mÀ-«v en-anä-uv(kn-bmâ)sâ 3 _rl-zv ]-²-I-fn H- m-wv cm-pym- -c ssà-an-\â Snþ3. cm-py-s B-Zy k-¼qà-w ku-tcmà-p hn-am-\- mhfw, B-Zy P-\Io-b hn-am-\- mh-fw F- o \n-e-i-fnâ {]-i-kv-x-am-wn-xv  20,000 cq-] {]mcw-` aq-e-[- \-hp-am-bn B-cw-`n I¼-\n C- v ti-cf--- n-sâ hni-k-\ N-cn-{X- nâ \n-à-wm-b-i i-àn-bmwv ap-xâ ap-s- m-sx em-`-hn-ln-xw \-ev-ip I-¼-\n- p- 36 cm-py- -fn-em-bn 18,500 \n-t -]-I-cm-Wv C- på-xv. C- -gn- ª km-¼ n-i hà-j- nâ 178 % em-`-hn-ln-xw I¼-\n Xn-cn- p \-ev-in-. Ø-e-ta-sä-Sp- -enâ ho-sp \-ã-s - «622 t]à pw ani- -sxm-gn-e-hkcw kr-ãn p. an-i- ]p-\-c-[nhm-k ]m-t -Pv \-S- n-em n. \n-e-hnâ 7500 t]à hn-am-\- m-h-f- nâ tpm-en-sn- p- pïv. sam- w bm-{x- m-cp-ss F- - nâ cm-py-s Ggpw cm- Pym- -c bm-{x- m-cp-ss F- - nâ \mepw Øm-\-am-Wv hn-am-\- m-h-f- n-\p-åxv. 34

35 35

36 HmWw h-chm-bn... 36

37 a ebm-f \m-sn³- atlm-õham- Wv- Hm-Ww.- IÀ- n-si n-se t]-a-m---cn-bpw- AXp-ïm- n-b si-sp--xn-ifpw- ad m³- Nn- - p---ecn- hcn-ibmwv.- ]q- Ähn-cn---ªp- Nn--cn- p- Nn- \m- -fp--iä.- ]m----s---- p- ]p-s\ãn-sâ Xebm-«w.- AXp-Iïp- IÀ-jI \pw- IÀ-j-I-s m-gn-em-fn p-sam- w- \m-spw- Ip-fn-cp-tIm-cp- p.]n----s hn-fshsp- n-sâ Im-eam-Wv.- F psh mâ- kt m-j n-sâbpw- BÀ- p-hn-fn-bp-ssbpw- \m-fp-iä.- akv-xiw- DbÀ- n-\n-â-- p- KPho-cs\t]m-sebp-Å Npï- -³-hÅ Ä.- \b¼n-sâ Xm-f- n-â- Hm-f Ä- Io-dn-ap-dn- p- hn- P-b In-co-SaWn-bp- p.- Cu- A] qà-æim-gv-niä- Hm-W n-sâ am-{xw- {]txy-ixbm-wv.- \m-«nse pw- Ifn-IÄ,- FÃm-hcpw -]p--- ³- hkv-{x Ä- AWn-bp- p.- kar-²am-b kzy-h«ä.- at\m-lcam-b ]q- f n-\p- Npäpw- aebm-fthjan-«hà- \S- p- ssisim-«n- fn.- ]p-en-ifn,- timep-ifn,- Xe p-ifn- C s\ t]m-hp- p- Hm-W n-sâ B\µ\m-fp-IÄ.- t]m-bim-e Hm-WNn- Isf C s\ timà- n-w n- Im-Wm-s\ \ap- p- Ignbq.- Im-cWw- Im-ean- p- Gsd am-dn-bn-cn- p- p.- AXp-sIm-ïv- Hm- Wm-tLm-jhpw- am-ä n\p- hn-t[- bam-bn- gn-ªp.- A n-s\bp-å ]p- ³-Im-e Hm-Wm-tLm-j Ä- C p- aebm-fn- v- F m-wp- t\ Sn- cp- Xv.- aebm-f \m-sn³- atlm- Õham-Wv- Hm-Ww.- IÀ- n-si n-se t]-am-cnbpw- AXp- m- n-b sisp- Xn-Ifpw- ad m³- Nn- p-ecn- hcn-ibmwv.- ]q- Ä- hn-cn-ªp- Nn-cn- p- Nn- \m-fp-iä.- -]-m-s- p- ]p-s\ãn-sâ Xebm-«w.-IÀjI\pw- IÀ-jIs m-gn-emfn- p-sam- w- \m-spw- Ip-fn-cp- tim-cp- p.- ]n-s hn-fshsp- n-sâ Im-eam-Wv.- F p-sh mâkt m-j n-sâbpw- BÀ- phn-fn-bp-ssbpw- \m-fp-iä.- 37

38 Gsd al m-b Bibam-Wv- Hm-W n-\p-åxv.- AXp- kaxz- n-sâxm-wv.- tem-ia m-ssbp-å P\ Ä- sim-xn- p- Xpw- AXm- Wv.- BtLm-j n-s\ \n-ds men-abnâ- \mw- ad p-t]m-hp- Xpw- AXm-Wv.- ]n-s tem-i m-iam-\ ap-å aebm-fn- p- \m-«n-se m-\ pw- ho-«nâ- FÃm-htcm-Spw- Iq-Sn- Ign-bm-\p-ap-Å AS m- tamlw- Hm-Ww- Xcp- Gähpw- hen-b ]p-wy-hpw- hczm-\hp-am-wv.- AXpsIm-ïm-Wv- Fs m-s am-äapïm-bm-epw- aebm-fn- Hm-W n-s\ lr-zb]qà-æw- kv-t\ln- p- Xv.- {]PIsf Gsd kv-t\ln- bpw,- BZcn- bpw- Ahcp-sS D a\ n-\m-bv- am-{xw- cm-pyw- `cn- Hcp- N{IhÀ- n-bp-ïmbn-cp- p.- alm-_en-sb B cm-pm-[n-cm-p\p- hm- v- ]m---en-t ïn-h t mä- ]m--xm--f n-te p- Xm-tgïn-h p.- F n-epw- Xsâ {] PIsf Im-Wm³- sim-ã n-semcn- Â- hcm-\p-å A\p-hm-Zw- B {]Pm-]Xn- p- e`n- p.- Hm-e p-snq- Sn- B N{IhÀ- n- Fgp- Åp- \m-fp-ifm-wv- Nn- n-se s] m-t m-w fm-bn- am-dn-bxv.- F mâ- k¼â-kar-²am-b hn-fshsp- n-sâ ]iv-nm- e nâ- \m-spw- \m-«p-im-cpw- IÀ-jI\ pw- sxm-gnem-fn-bpw- FÃmhcpw- H p-tncp- p.- A s\ FÃm-hcpw- Hcp-an- p- bm-sxm-cp- ] t`zhpw- CÃm-sX BtLm-jn- p- BtLm-j n-sâ]n-³-im-e ]cn-wm-aam-wp- Hm-Wsa pw- ] dbp- hcp-ïv.- F m-bm-epwticf n-sâ a n-sâ awap-å s]m-en-abmà- BtLm-jw- Xs bm-wv- aebm-fn- v- F pw- Hm-Ww.- tem-iw- C p- A\p-Zn- \w- am-ä n-\p- hn-t[bam-bns m-ïn-cn- p- p.- ]p-xn-b Isï ep-iä- tem-is Hcp- hn-câ-xp-¼n-te p- ti{µo- Icn- m³- a\p-jy-s\ {]m-]-xam- n- gn-ªp.- ]s km-¼ n-i AkaXz- Ä- Zcn-{Zs\bpw- [\ hm-t\bpw- tem-i p- kr-ãn- p- p.- Hcp-`m-K p- ]«n-wnbp-ss `o-ic Im-gv-NIÄ.- adp- `m-k p- k¼ Xbp-sS s] m----- Im-gv-NIÄ.- CXp-aq-ew- cm- Py--- Ä- X½nÂ- ]I DSseSp- p- p.- AXp-]n-s bp-²am-hp- Ibpw- \n-c]cm-[n-ifp-ss Po-h\ pw- cm-py- fp-ss k¼ pw- \in- n- p-sim-ïv- ap-t dp- p.- tem-i nse FÃm-hÀ- pw- Hcp-t]m-se Po-hn- m³- Ign-bm- Øn-Xn-bnÂ- AXn-s\m-cp- ]cn-lm-cam-bn- aebmfn- p- sh m-\p-åxv- Hm-Wsa ka`m-h\bp-ss Bibam-Wv.- Chn-sS IÅan-Ã,- IÅw- ]dbn-ã,- sndp- hen- an-ã,- bmsxm-cp- hn-tzz-jhp-an-ã,- DÅXp- \nà-½eam-b kv-t\lw.- tem- I n-\m-hiy-hpw- am-\hkv-t\ lam-wv.- B kv-t\l n-sâ {]PIsf Gsd kv-t\ln- bpw D a\ n-\m-bv- am-{xw- cm-pyw- `c cp- p.- alm-_en-sb B cm-pm h t mä- ]m--xm--f n-te p- X {]PIsf Im-Wm³- sim-ã n-s hm-zw- B {]Pm-]Xn- p- e`n- p.- Fgp- Åp- \m-fp-ifm-wv- Nn- bn- am-dn-bxv.- ticf n-sâ a n BtLm-jw- Xs bm-wv- aebm-f 38

39 ,- BZcn- bpw- Ahcp-sS n- Hcp- N{IhÀ- n-bp-ïm-bn- -[n-cm-p\p- hm- v- ]m---en-t ïnm-tgïn-h p.- F n-epw- Xsâ em-cn- Â- hcm-\p-å A\p- Hm-e p-snq-sn- B N{IhÀ- n- n-se s]m-t m-w fm- -sâ awap-å s]m-en-abmà- n- v- F pw- Hm-Ww.- km-tlm-zcy- n-sâ hà- p-s Nq- Sn-b Hm-Ww- Bscbm-Wv- BthiwsIm-Ån- m- Xv.- ]s BtLm-j n-sâ s]m-en-abn Â- C p- a\p-jy³- ad p-t]m-hp- Xpw- a\p-jy-xz-]cam-b kv-t\ lam-wv.- Im-ew- ho-ïpw- ap-t m- «p-t]m-hp-ibm-wv.- \m-fn-xp-hsc ti«ktµihpw- Bibhp-sam- pw- Chn-sS km- Xv-Icn- s Sp- n-ã.- A²zm-\n- p- hcp-ss ]SbWn-bnÂ- t]m-epw- hn-åâho-wp- Ign-ªp.- Ip-Xn-ImÂsh«pw- Ip- n-xn-cp- pw- ]Ibp-sS I\ep-IÄ- kr-ãn- p- p.- kxyw- ]d-bp- hà- hgn-bcn-inâ- ]n--s- ªp-acn- p- p.- Igp-I p-å k¼ p-tam-ln-iä- FÃmwssI S n- Nq-jW n-\pthïn- ]p- ³- X{ Ä- sa\ bp- p.- Adn-tªm- Adn-bm-sX tbm- AXnÂ-s]Sp- hà- sim-spw- NXn-bp-sS CcIfm-Ip- p.- cm-pyw- A\p-Zn-\w- Agn-aXn-bp-sSbpw- X«n- n-sâbpw- sim-åbp-ssbpw- hmà- IÄ- ti«p- sr«p- p.- \½p-sS kv-{xo-iä- A]am-\n-Xcm-hp- p.- A S hpw- HXp- hp-apïm-bn-cp- \½p-sS h\n-xiä- v- C s\ A]am-\w- t]td ïn-hcp- Xn-sâ Im-cWsa v.- hkv-{xk Â-] fn-sem-s C p- Im-Wp- hy-xn-bm-\w- CXn-\p- hgn-acp- n-sp- p-tïm.- I hsx{ n-sâ \q-x\ AShp-IÄ- Fs \ap- p- Xn-cn- dn-bm³- Ign-bp- n-ã.- C n-s\ am-en-\y- Ä- \n-dbp- s]m-xp-\nc p-t]m-se aq- p-s]m-t ï AhØbn-te p -]p-tcm-kxn- {]m-]n-s m-cp- \m-sp-\o- p- Xv- Xn-I pw- Z\o-bam-Wv.- Cu- ]iv-nm- e nâ- Hm-Ww- \ap-s ÃmhÀ- pw- Ir-Xy-am-b amà- \n À-tZiw- \Â-Ip- p.- \ bpw- Im-cp-Wy-hpw- A\y-sâ k Sw- Im-Wm-\pw- Ign-bp-ÅhÀ- F pw- ""Hm-WalXzw''- Im- p- hcm-wv.- Hm-W n-\n-sp- ]q- Ä- DW n-t m-ipw.- AXp-t]m-se DW m-\p-åxã Hm-W n-sâ A k.- AXp- \m-sn-sâ tam- N\ n-\p-xiww.- GXp-Xc nep-å {]iv-\ Ä- Dïm-bmepw- Hm-Ww- hn-`m-h\ sn p- amà- \nà-t±i Ä- ]m-en- p-apt dn-bmâ- GXp- ZpÀ-LS {]XnkÔn-bpw- XcWw- sn m³- a\pjy-\p- Ign-bpw.- AXn-\p-Å Icp- m-wv- Hm-tcm- Hm-Whpw- \ap- p- txsn- cp- Xv.- AXp-sIm-ïp-Xs Cu- Hm-WmtLm-jhpw- BtLm-j Ä- p-] cn- \ bp-ss ]Xm-Ihm-lIcm- Im³- \ap- p- Ign-bWw.- Hm-Wwt]m-se kaxz-ap-å Hcp- \m-sn-\mbv- FÃmw- kaà- n- p- Hcp- ] Sbm-fn-bm-bv- a\êv- sim-ïv- \ap- p- am-dm³- Ign-bWw.- F n-se alm-_en- N{IhÀ- n-bp-ss Fgp- p-å n-\p- {]kàn-bp-ïm-hq.- 39

40 HmWw sfxo-l-s -cp-a-i-fn-eqss hnxyø fmb A`n{]mb fmwv HmW nsâ Dev] nsb kw_ôn- på Xv. HmW nsâ DXv] n Sn Øm\w Xr m cbmwv Fs mcp sfxolyw \ne\nâ p pïv. Cu sf-xn-ly- n-sâ Np-cp- -an-xm-wv: a-lm-_-en (amth-en) Xr- m- -c B-Øm-\-am- n k-xy- n-epw [À-½- n-epw A-Sn-bp-d- v am-xr-im-]-c-am-b H-cp `-c-ww \-S- n-bn-cp- p. F- n-epw A-t±-lw H-cp A-kp-c-\pw {_m-ò- W hn-tzz-jn-bp-am-bn-cp- p. A-XpsIm-ïv {_m-l-a-w-cp-ss t{]-c-wbmâ hn-jv-wp hm-a-\-s\- H-cp en-ãn-]p-«p cq-]- nâ A-h-X-cn- v a-lm-_-en-tbm-sv aq- -Sn `q-an-bm- Nn- p. [À-½n-jvT-\m-b-Xp-sIm-ïv A-f-s -Sp- p-sim-åm³ A-\p-h- Zn- -t mä hm-a-\³ s]-«- v cq-] w-am-dn! hn-iz- n-sâ h-en- w sh- p. c-ï-sn A-f- -t mä a-lm-_-enbp-ss cm-pyw ap-gp-h³ XoÀ- v t]m-bn-cp- p. aq- m-a-s A-Snsh-bv- m³ C-S-an-Ãm-Xm-b-t mä hm- p-]m-en- m³ th-ïn kz- w in-c-êv Xm-gv- n-s m-sp- p. in-c- Ên ImÂ-sh- -txm-ss a-lm-_-en ]m-xm-f- n-te- v Xm-gv- v t]m-bn. B-ïn-sem-cn-  X-sâ C-jv-S- 40

41 ti-c-f- n-se F-Ãm cm-pm- - m-cp-ts-bpw D-Õm-lt m-spw ]n- p-w-tbm-spw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv Xr- m- -c-bn-â ssh-jv-w-ht -{Xw Øm-]n- -s -Sp- -Xv. {]-Xn-jvTm-th-f-bn B cm- Pm- - m-cp-ss \m-sp-i-fn-se P-\- Ä-s -Ãmw Xr- m- -c-bnse- p-i A-ku-I-cy-am-b-XpsIm-ïv Xr- m- -cbn-se D-Õh-Zn-h-k-am-b Nn- -am-k- n-se Xn-cp-thm-Ww ti-c-fw D-S-\o-fw ho-sp-txm-dpw B-tLm-jn- phm³ kw-bp-à-am-b cm-p-io-b hn-fw-_-cw D-ïm-bn-cp- n-cn- - Ww. A- -s\-bm-wv Hm-Ww B-tLm-jn- p Xp-S- n-b-x-s{x. P-\-s H-cp t\m- p Im-Wm³ A-\p-h-Zn- -W-sa- a-lm-_-en-bpss A- ym-`n-em-jw hm-a-\³ A-\ph-Zn- p-sim-sp- p. sim-ãw txm-dpw Nn- -am-k- n-se Xn-cp-thm-W-\mfn a-lm-_-en X-sâ P-\- -sf Im-Wm-s\- p- p. C-Xm-Wv Hm-Ws - p-dn- v {]-Nm-c- n-ep-å G-ähpw t{i-jvt-am-b sf-xn-lyw. Hm-W- n-sâ D-Û-h-s - p-dn- v th-sd-bp-ap-ïv sf-xn-ly Ä. Xr- m- -c ]p-cm-x-\ kw-kv-im-cn-i ti-{µ-am-wv. ti-c-f n-sâ s]m-xphm-b tz-io-bm-tlm-j- n-sâ DÂ- - n B sim- p {Km-a-s B-{ibn- p \nâ- p- p. Im-c-Ww A-{X Zp-cq-l-a-Ã. ti-c-f- n-se F-Ãm cm-pm- - m-cp-ts-bpw D-Õm-lt m- Spw ]n- p-w-tbm-spw Iq-Sn-bm-Wv A- hn-ss ssh-jv-w-h-t -{Xw Øm-]n- -s -Sp- -Xv. {]-Xn-jvTm-th-f-bn A-h-sc-Ãmw kw-_-ôn n-cp- p. B cm-pm- - m-cp-ss \m-sp-i-fn-se P-\- Ä-s -Ãmw Xr- m- -c-bn-se- p-i A-ku-I-cy-am-b-Xp-sIm-ïv Xr- m- -cbn-se D-Õ-h-Zn-h-kam-b Nn- -am-k- n-se Xn-cp-thm- Ww ti-c-fw D-S-\o-fw ho-sp-txm-dpw B-tLm-jn- p-hm³ kw-bp-à-am-b cm-p-io-b hn-fw-_-cw D-ïm-bn-cp- ncn- -Ww. A- -s\-bm-wv Hm-Ww B-tLm-jn- p Xp-S- n-b-x-s{x. an- n-\-xo-x-am-b a-säm-cp sf- Xn-lyw Iq-Sn-bp-ïv. F.Un. \memw i-x-i- nâ ti-c-f- n-sâ X-e-Øm-\w Xr- m- -c-bm-bn-cp- p. Hm-Ww \-S- m- n-b-xv a- (a- Ù-cm-Pm-hv) F- v A-e-l-_m-Zv en-jn-x- -fnâ kw-ú sn- - s -«n-cn- p- a-ù-cm-pm-hv F- {]-kn-²-\m-b ti-c-f-cm-pm-hm-bn-cp- p. k-ap-{z-kp-]v-x³ Z- n-tw- y B-{I-an- Iq-«- nâ Xr- m- - c X-e-Øm-\-am- n hm-wn-cp- B cm-pm-hn-sâ \m-spw B-{I-an- p-i-bpw k-ap-{z-kp-]v-x-\p-am-bn \-S- n-b bp-²- nâ a-ù-cm-pm-hv {]-I-Sn- n- km-aà- y- nâ {`-an- p-t]m-b k-ap-{z-kp-]v-x³ k-ôn- - t]- n- p-i-bpw sn-bv-x-t{x. Xp- SÀ- v ti-c-f- n-\-`n-am-\mà-l-am-b B bp-² ]-cn-k-am-]v-xn-bp-ss kv-a-c- W \n-e-\nà- m³ cm-jv-{so-tbm- Õ-h-am-b Hm-Ww sim-ïm-sm³ cm-pm-hv hn-fw-_-cw ]p-d-s -Sp-hn- p- I-bpw sn-bv-xp. Cu cm-pm-hm-i-s«a-lm-_-en-bp-ss A-h-Xm-c-am-sW- pw Cu sf-xn-ly-hm-àm- Ä ]-d-bp- p. Xr- q-wn- p-d-bp-ss P-\-Io-b D-Õ-h-am-Wv A- - -a-bw. A- w \m-fnâ sim- n cm-pm-hv th-j-`qjm-zn-i-tfm-ss Hm-W B-tLm-j- n-\v ]p-d-s -Sp- p-sh- v N-cn-{Xw ]-d-bp- p. cm-p-`-c-ww A-h-km-\n- -txm-ss N-a-bw B-tLm-j-am-bn þ-a- m-tlm-jw. ti-c-f- nâ 56 cm-pm- - m-cp- 41

42 ïm-bn-cp- Im-e-am-Wv 12 ap-xâ 15 h-sc \q-äm-ïp-iä. A- -s G-ä-hpw h-en-b t -{X-am-bn-cp- Xr- m- -c-bn-se D-Õ-h- n-\v 28 Zn-h-k-am-Wv B-tLm-jw. A- w \m-fn-se B-tLm-jw km-aq-xn-cn-bpss-bpw sim- n cm-pm-hn-tâbp-am-wv. A-Xn-\p-Å H-cp- - Ä A- - -ab-am-bn. Xn-cp-thm-W- n-sâ Xp-S- w Ipdn- p- N-S- m-wv A- - -a-bw þ H-cp-Im-e- v A-Xv sim- n-bn-se a-tlm-õ-h- -fnâ H- m-bn-cp- p. sim- n a-lm-cm-pm-hv F-Ãm cm-pio b {]u-vn-tbm-spw Iq-Sn Xr- m- - c-bv- p bm-{x ]p-d-s -Sp- -Xm-Wp N-S- v. Cu bm-{x-sb- -än ]-e A-`n-{]m-b- Ä D-ïv. tn-c-n-{ihà- n-bp-ss -B-Øm-\-t - p km-a- -cm-pm- mà \-S- n-bncp- bm-{x-bm-wv F- v H-c-`n-{] m-bw. a-lm-_-en-sb Im-Wm³ km-a- - mà F- p- -Xn-sâ HmÀa ]p-xp-  F-s m-c-`n-{]m-bw; a-lm-_-en-sb ti-c-fo-bà h-c-thâ- p- -Xm-Wv F- p aq- m-a-sxm-c- `n-{]m-bw G-tXm bp-²-bm-{x-bp-ss kv-a-c-w-bm-wv, am-am- - n-\p k-am- \-am-bn sim- n cm-pm-hv \-S- p- N-S- m-wv, sim- n cm-pm-hn-sâ {]-Pm-k-µÀ-i-\-am-Wv, Hm-W- n- \p ap³-]v km-aq-xn-cn-bp-am-bp-å bp-²w XmÂ- m-en-i-am-bn \nà- n- -Xn-sâ {]-Xo-I-am-Wv. Ip-e-ti- J-c³ N-{I-hÀ- n-]-zw Xy-Pn- v. ]n- p-d- m-c-\m-bn cm-p-ti-j-c-s\ hm-gn- m³ {io-aq-e-hm-kw t -{X- n-te- p \-S- p- bm-{x-bm-wv F- n- -s\ ]n-s -bpw D-ïv `n- hym-jym-\- Ä. sim- n cm-pm-hv B Zn-h-kw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv A-hn-sS-bm-Wv A- - -a-bw A-c-t -dp-i-þ-a-xmb-xv Xr- q-wn- p-d F- cm-p-[m- \n-bnâ-x-s th-ww F- p \n À-_-Ô-an-Ã. a-lm-cm-pm-hv Xr- mc- -c-bv- p bm-{x ]p-d-s -Sp- -Xpw sx-ãp-zq-cw k- -cn- p a-s- n-h-cp- -Xpw B-Wv N-S- v. A- - -a-bm-tlm-jw Xp-S- p- -Xv tz-iw A-dn-bn- -tem-ss-bm- Wv. a-iw, ]q-cw, D-{Xw \m-fp-i-fnâ A- - -a-bw hn-fw-_-c-s -Sp- p- tz-iw A-dn-bn-  N-S- v \-S- pw. B-\- p-d- n-cp- m-wv tz-iw A-dnbn- Â. aq- p-tim-«-hm-xn- -epw A-dn-bn- p-ïm-hpw \m-emw Zn-h-kam-b A- - n³ \mä, \m-emw tim-«-hm-xn-en-eq-ss B-Wv bm-{x. A- - n-sâ X-te-\mÄ cm-pmhv ]qà-w-{x-bo-i-s\ h-µn- v, ssh- Ip-t -cw D-]-h-kn-, {_-Ò-N-cyw ]m-en- pw. Xr- q-wn- p-d-bn-em-wv F- nâ A- p I-fn-t m-«sim- «m-c- nâ F- -Ww. A-t mä {_m-ò-w-cpw Xn-cp-apÂ- m-sp-am-cpw tnà- v cm-pm-hn-s\ B-`-c-W- Ä A-Wn-bn- pw. C-Xm-Wv N- w-nmà- 42

43 Â.-tZ-h-{_m-lv-W-]q-P-bv- p-tij-am-wv N- w-nmà- Â Xp-S- p-i. A- p ]qà-w-{x-bo-i-\pw ]-g-b- qà `-K-h-Xn- pw {]-txy-i h-gn-]m-sp-iä \-S- pw. B-`-c-W- Ä A-Wn-ª a-lm-cm-pm-hn-s\ I- m-sp Im-c-W-h- m-sv (X-e- n- Ån kz-cq-]- n-se Im-c-W-h-cm-b A-bn-\n- q-dp-\-¼n-sn-bm-wp I- m- Sp Im-c-W-h- m-sv) B-Zyw ap-jw Im-Wn- pw. Xp-SÀ- v Øm-\n-IÄ, ]u-c-ap-jy- mà, D-tZym-K-Ø {]-ap- JÀ F- n-hà cm-pm-hn-s\ I-ïp h-w- pw. N- w-ip-f- -c t -{X-]-cn-k-c- v ]o-c- n ap-gp- p- -Xv A- w tlm-j-bm-{x Xp-S- p- -Xn-sâ kq-n-\-bm-wv. sim-«m-c- nâ ]q-ap-j- v sh-ån-hn-f- pw \n-d-]-d-bpw ]-Ån-iw-Jpw ]-g- p-ebpw ho-c-a-±-f-hpw h- -Xn-\p-]n- nâ sh-ån knw-lm-k-\- nâ a-lm-cm- Pm-hv C-cn- pw. In-co-Sw a-sn-bnâ h-bv- pw. A-Xn-sâ Im-fm- n Du-cn X-e- m-hnâ [-cn- n-cn- pw. (h-t - cn-bnâ h- p ]-«m-`n-tj-iw \-S- mte In-co-Sw X-e --bnâ h-bv- q F- m-wv sim- n cm-p-ip-spw-_- nse {]-Xn-Ú). Xp-SÀ- v F-gp- - Å- m-bn.cm-pm-hp I-b-dn-b ]-Ã- v F«p t]mï m-cm-wv Np-a- p-i. A- - -a-b bm-{x-bv- p-th-ïn am- {X-am-Wv sh-ån-sim-ïpw kzà-wwsim-ïpw A-e- -cn- Cu ]-Ã- v sim- n cm-pm-hv B Zn-h-kw F-hn-sS-bm-Wv A-hn-sS-bm-Wv A- - -a-bw A-c-t -dp-i-þ-a-xm-b-xv Xr- q-wn- p-d F- cm-p-[m- \n-bnâ-x-s th-ww F- p \n À-_-Ô-an-Ã. a-lm-cm-pm-hv Xr- m-c- -c-bv- p bm-{x ]p-d-s -Sp- -Xpw sx-ãp-zq-cw k- -cn- p a-s- n-h-cp- -Xpw B-Wv N-S- v. A- - -a-bm-tlm-jw Xp-S- p- -Xv tz-iw A-dn-bn- - tem-ss-bm-wv. a-iw, ]q-cw, D-{Xw \m-fp-i-fnâ A- - a-bw hn-fw-_-c-s -Sp- p- tz-iw A-dn-bn- Â N-S- v \-S- pw. B-\- p-d- n-cp- m-wv tz-iw A-dn-bn- Â. aq- p-tim-«-hm-xn- -epw A-dn-bn- p-ïm-hpw \m-emw Zn-h-k-am-b A- - n³ \mä, \m-emw tim-«-hm-xn-eneq-ss B-Wv bm-{x. 43

44 1951 h-sc sim- n cm-p- Ip-Spw-_w A- - -a-bw \-S- n-bn-cp- p. cm-pyw \-jv-s--s -«-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ- v 1951-þ A- - -a-bw D-ïm-bn-Ã. ]n- o-sv H-cp P-\-Io-b I-½n-än B-tLm-jw G-sä- Sp- v 1983 hsc \-S- n. C-t mä Xr- q-wn- p-d ap-\n-kn-  timà-]-tdj-\pw ti-c-f kà- m-cpw tnà- m-wv A- - -abw \-S- p- -Xv-þ-Sq-dn-Ìv B-tLm-j- n-sâ `m-k-ambn. Xr- m- -c t -{X- n-se C-cp-]- n-sb-«p Zn-h-kw \o-ïp-\n Â- p- D-Õh- n-sâ A-h-km-\-s ]- p-\m-fp-ss-b-cw-`-am-wv A- w. D-]-tbm-Kn- p-i. Xp-SÀ- v s\-«qà X- Ä ]cn-hm-c- -fp-am-sb- n Ip-dp- p-gâ hm-bn- pw. N-a-b- n-\v km- yw h-ln- m³ I-cn- m- n-d I- -\m-cp-sa- pw. sn-¼n-e-c-b³ h- n-bn-se N-S- n-\p-ap-¼m-bn cm- Pm-hn-\v D- pw I-b-dpw \Â-Ipw. \-Sta ]-Ån-bn \n- v ià- -c X-«- hpw Im-gv-N sh- n-cp- p. A- -s\ \m-\m Pm-Xn- m-cm-b B-fp-I-fp-sS A-I-¼-Sn-tbm-sS a-lm-cm-pm-hv N-ab- n-\n-d- p- p. Pm-Xn-hy-h-Ø \n-e-\n- n-cp- A- m-e- v F-Ãm Pm-Xn- mà- pw tim-«-bv- -I- v I-S- m-\p-å A-\p-a-Xn cm-pm-hv \Â-In-bn-cp- p. s\-«qà X- Ä H-cp \mä h-cm-xn-cp -Xn-\m A- - -a-bw ap-s- n-b-xm-bpw tc-j- I-fp-ïv. ]-Ã- n-sâ h-e-xv-`m-k- v hmä G- n-b Zn-hm³-Pn \-S- pw. C-S-Xp-`m-K- v ]-ïv C-f-ap-d- -¼pcm-\m-Wv \-S- n-cp- -Xv. ]n- o-sv F-t m-tgm A-Xv \o-xn-\nà-h-l-wm- [n-im-c-ap-f-f D-tZym-K-Ø-\m-bn.cm-P- Ip-Spw-_- n-se ]p-cp-j- mà ]-Ã- n-\p ]n- nâ \-S- pw. ap- nâ s\-än- -«w si-«n-b aq- v B-\-IÄ. H-cp B-\- p-d- v A-¼m-cn-bpw Iq-Sm-c-hpw, a-säm- n-\p ap-i-fnâ \-Im-cw; aq- mw B-\- p-d- v Iml-f-hpw tn- -e-bpw. B-\-IÄ- p ]n- nâ _mâv hm-zy-hpw Ip-Xn-c- - «m-f-hpw \m-bà tk-\-bpw A-Wn- \n-c- pw. Cu \m-bà tk-\-bv- v am-e-t m-«p-imà F- p ]-d-bpw. A-h-cp-sS Hu-tZym-Kn-I th-jw \o-e-im-ep-d-bpw Np-h- Ip- m-bhp-am-wv. sn-ï-hm-zyw A-Xn-\p ]n- nâ. ]nâ- m-e- v kv-iu-«pw C-Xn tnà- p. ]-Ã- n-\p ap- nâ Xo-sh-«]n-Sn- n-«p-ïm-hpw. Zm-kn-bm-«-hpw D-ïm-hm-dp-ïv. tlm-j-bm-{x In-g-t tim-«- hm-xnâ-h-gn I-S- v ]qà-w-{x-bo-i t -{X- n-\p ap- n-se- p-t¼mä cm-pm-hv ]-Ã- nâ C-cp- v ]qà-w- {X-bo-i-s\ h-µn- pw. A-t mä H-cp {_m-ò-w³ h- v, B hà-jw Xr-- m- -c t - 44

45 {X- nâ D-Õ-h-an-à F- -dn-bn- pw. A-tXm-sS bm-{x D-t]- n- v a-lm-cm-pm-hv a-s- pw. ho-ïpw In-gt tim-«-bnâ F- n-bmâ ]-t«me ta-t\m³(-]-æ- nâ X-d-hm-«n-se Aw-K-am-hpw ]-t«m-e ta-t\m³-þ-cm-p- IÂ-]-\-IÄ Hm-e-bn Ip-dn- p- \m-bà Øm-\n) cm-p-k- n-[n-bnse- n k-½m-\w hm- m-\p-å-hcp-ss t]-cp-hn-h-c- Ä Hm-e-t\m- n hm-bn- m³ Xp-S- pw. Hm-tcmcp- -cm-bn cm-p-k- n-[nbn-se- n k-½m-\w kzo-i-cn- pw. Cu k-½m-\w ]p- ³-s]m-Xn F- -dn-bp- p. sim- n-bn-se \m-wb-am-bn-cp- p-h-tãm ]p- ³. ]n- o-sv i-¼-f- n-sâ txm-xv A-\p-k-cn- v D-tZym-K-س-amÀ- pw ]p- ³-s]m-Xn \Â-Ipw. (Hm-Ww t_m-w-kv!) Øm-\n-I-fm-b ]u-caq-jyà- pw In-«pw ]p- ³-s]m-Xn. sim- n {]-tz-i- p-ïm-bn-cp- ]q-ªmä tim-hn-e-iw `q-an hn-ebv- p hm- n-b a-wv-u-e ap-x-enbmà- pw D-ïv ]p- ³-s]m-Xn- v A-h-Im-iw. A-h-km-\w I- m-sp Im-c-W-h- m-sn-\v Hm-W- p-s-h \Â- Ipw. cm-pm-hn-sâ A-ar-tX- v B-Wv Xp-SÀ- p \-S- p-i. H- n-s\m- p sxm-sp-hn- v aq- p Xq-i-\n-e-IÄ h- v A-dp-]- n-\m-ep-iq-«w I-dn-Ifpw ]-Xn-\m-dp-Iq-«w {]-Y-a-\pw F-«p-Iq-«w D- n--en-«-xpw B-\- ph-s³ ]- -S-hpw tnà- k-zy-hn-f- ¼pw. hn-f-¼p- BÄ Xdp-Sp- v D- -co-bw C-«n-cn- pw. a-lm-cm- Pm-hn-sâ `- -W-ti-jw ho-ïpw F-Ãm hn-`--h- -fpw k-ar-²-am-bn hn-f-¼n, H-cp ]-d A-cn-bp-sS tnmdpw C-e-bn hn-f-¼n, hn-f-¼p- Im-c³ D-d-s aq- p-h-«w Nn-cptX F- p hn-fn- pw. Nn-cp-X,B C-e-bp-sS A-h-Im-in-bm-Wv. Cu N-S- m-wv Nn-cp-X-hn-fn. ]n- o-sm-wv k- n-ln-x-cm-b F-Ãm-hÀ- p-ap-å kà-hm-wn k-zy. kà-hm-wn k-zy-bnâ ]-s -Sp- p- -hà-s - Ãmw k-zy-bv- p-]p-d-ta Hm-tcm ]p- -\pw \Â-Ipw h-sc sim- n cm-p-ip-spw- _w A- - -a-bw \-S- n-bn-cp- p. cm-pyw \-jv-s--s -«-Xn-s\ Xp-SÀ- v 1951-þ A- - -a-bw D-ïm-bn-Ã. ]n- o-sv H-cp P-\-Io-b I-½n-än B- tlm-jw G-sä-Sp- v 1983 hsc \-S- n. C-t mä Xr- q-wn- p-d ap-\n-kn-  timà-]-td-j-\pw ti-cf kà- m-cpw tnà- m-wv A- - a-bw \-S- p- -Xv-þ-Sq-dn-Ìv B-tLmj- n-sâ `m-k-am-bn. Xr- m- -c t -{X- n-se C-cp-]- n-sb-«p Zn-h-kw \o-ïp-\n Â- p- D-Õ-h- n-sâ A-h-km- \-s ]- p-\m-fp-ss-b-cw-`-am-wv A- w. 45

46 ]q- -fsamcp  Xn-cp-thm-W-\m-fn hn-cp- n-s\- p- am-th-en X-¼p-cm-s\ kzo-i-cn- m³ A- w ap-xâ B-cw-`n- p- H-cp- - -fp-ss `m-k-am-wv ]q- -f-samcp- Â. ap-ä- v X-d-bp-ïm- n, Nm- W-Iw-sa-gp-In-b-ti-j-am-Wv ]q- -f-w D-ïm-t -ï-xv. H- mw- Zn-h-k-am-b A- w-\m-fnâ H-cp \n-c- q-hpw, c-ïmw- \m-fnâ c-ïn-\w-]q- -fpw, aq- mw \m-fnâ aq- n-\w ]q- -fp-am-wv ]q- -f- nâ D-]-tbm-Kn-t -ï-xv. ]q- -fp-ss C-\w hà-²n- p- -Xp-t]m-se I-f- - fp-ss h-ep- -hpw Iq-Sp- p. aq- mw-\mfm-b tnm-xn-ap-x-em-wv ]q- -f- nâ sn-¼-c- n- q-hn-sâ Øm-\w. A-Xp-hsc I-f- nâ Np-h- -]q-hv D-]-tbm-Kn- n-ã. D-{Xw-\m-fn-se ]q- -f- n-\m-wv Iq-Sp-X h-ep- w. aq-ew \m-fnâ ]q- -f-sam-cp-t -ï-xv N-Xp-cm-Ir-Xn-bnem-Wv. Wn ]-e-i-bn-en-cp- v Hm-W- - -sâ ap- nâ am-shm-gn- v ]q- p-e \n-c- n ]q-h-s \n-th-zn- -p- p. a-äp-]q-p-iä t] m-se X-s Xq-i-\n-e-bn ZÀ-`-]p-Ãphn-cn- v Xr- m- -c-b- -s\ k- Â-]n- v C-cp- pw. Xp-SÀ- m-wv A-S \n-th-zn- p-i. I-fn-a- n-em-wv Xr- m- -c-b- -sâ cq-]w sa-\-sª-sp- p- -Xv. c-ïp-zn-hkw sh-bn-e- p-h- m-wv Xr- m- -c-b- -sâ cq-]w X- m-dm- p- -Xv. Hm-W- m-gv-n ]m-«- m-c-\m-b Ip-Sn-bm³ P- n- v \Â-tI-ïn-bn-cp- D-S-¼-Sn {]-Im-c-ap- Å ]n-cn-hm-wv Hm-W- m-gv-n k-aà- - Ww. hm-g- p-e-bm-bn-cp- p ]-ïp-ap-x- Â-t D-Å Hm-W- m-gv-n. Iq-«- nâ G-ä-hpw \-à Ip-e-bm-Wv Im-gv-N-bm-bn k-aà- n- p- -Xv. Im-gv-N-bÀ- n- p- Ip-Sn-bm³-amÀ- v ]p-s-h-i-fpw, k-zybpw P- n-amà \Â-Ipw. C-Xv H-cp P- n Ip-Sn-bm³ _-Ô- n-sâ kv-a-c-w ]p-xp- -em-wv. F- mâ C- v t -{X- -fn-te- m-wv Im-gv-N- p-e-iä k-aà- n- p- -Xv. B-bn-c- -W- n-\v Im-gv-N Ip-e-IÄ D-{Xm-S-Zn-h-kw Kp-cp-hm-bqc- -\v k-aà- n- p- p-ïv. I-eym-Ww I-gn-ªv B-Zy-hÀ-j- n-se Hm-W- n- \v s] -ho-«p-imà B -ho-«n-te- v Ip-e-bp-am-bn t]m-i-ww. A-Xp-]-t A-bÂ- mà- pw, th-e- mà- p-sa- Ãmw A-h-Im-i-ap-Å-Xm-Wv. D-{Xm-S- m- nâ Hm-W- -te- v, ]n-tä- -s k-zy-bpw a-äp-sam-cp- p- -Xn-\v B-hiy-am-b-sX-Ãmw hm- n- q-«p- Zn-h-kam-Wv D-{Xm-Sw. k-zy-sbm-cp- p- -Xn-\v I-s - pw Zq-c- v F-Ãm-sa- n- p-hbv- p- -Xn-\m-bn Xn-c- n-«p \-S- v km- [-\- Ä hm- n-h-bv- p- -Xn-\m-Wv D-{Xm-S- m- n-se- p-t±y-in- p- -Xv. Xn-cp-thm-W-\m-fn-se N-S- p-iä km-[m-c-w-bm-bn Xn-cp-thm-W \mfnâ Ip-fn- v tim-sn-h-kv-{x-a-wn-ªv Hm-W ]q- -f- n-\p ap- nâ B-h- 46

47 Hm-W- m-«p-iä Hm-W- n-sâ sf-xo-ly- -fpw, k-tµ-i- -fpw DÄ-s -Sp- n-bp-å \m- S³-]m-«p-I-fm-Wv Hm-W- m-«p-iä. {Kmao-W-`w-Kn-bpw, am-th-en- -¼p-cm-sâ `-c-w-n-cn-{x-hp-sa-ãmw Cu Km-\- Ä- p hn-j-b-am-bn-cn- pw. Hm-W-k-Zy k-zy Hm-W- n-sâ {]-[m-\- B-IÀj-W-am-Wv. Hm-W-k-Zy H-cp- p- -Xn X-s Nn-e Nn-«-h-«- -fp-ïv. \m-ep-iq- «w D- n-en-«-xm-wv I-W- v. I-Sp-am-, \m-c-, C- n- p-fn, C- n-ssx-cv, C-S- -cw ]- -Sw, \m-ep-hn-[w D-t -cn þ tn-\, ]-bà, h-gp-x-\-, ]m-h-, ià- -c-]p-c-«n, Iq-Sm-sX ]-g-\p-dp- pw. ]-g-hpw, ]m-e-s-bpw, {]-Y-a-\pw, A-hnb-epw, km-¼m-dpw. C-{X-bp-am-bm si-t -a-am-bn k-zy. \m- n-e-bn-em-wv Hm-W-k-Zy hn-f-t¼ï-xv. \m- p-h-iw C-S- p-h-cp- -Xm- Wp-co-Xn. C-S-Xp-ap-I-fn-em-bn D-t -cn, h-e-xp-xm-sg ià- -c-d-t -cn, C-S- p ]- -S-hpw, h-e- p-im-f³,-hm-e³, F-cntÈ-cn, \-Sp- p-tnm-dv, \n-c- v D- n-en-«- Xv. Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn B-Zyw hn-f-¼p- -Xv ]-cn- p-i-dn-bm-wv. km-¼m-dn-\pw, {]-Y-a-\pw, Im-f-\pw. ]p-d-ta ]- -tam-cv \nà-_-ô-am-wv. ssi-x- - -bn-«p-hmän-b Nm-cm-bw Iq-Sn tn-cp-t¼m-gm-wv sim-ãw-`m-k- -fn-se ]-g-a- m-cp-ss k-zy Ip-im-em-Ip- -Xv. a-c- o-\n h-dp- -Xpw, F-Åp-ï-bpw A-cn-bp-ï-bpam-Wv a-äp hn-`-h- Ä. D-{Xm-Sw ap-xâ Xn-cp-thm-Ww-h-sc Hm-W-ap- -Ww F- -Xm-bn-cp- p Ip-«-\m-S³ co-xn. ]p-fn-tè-cn, tam-cv, txm-c³, km-¼mà F- n- -s\-bm-wv {]-txy-i-hn-`-h- Ä. 47

48 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä hnãnw-k-s sfeâv sim n pdapjw cq]sasp t mä XpdapJ hnik\ n\v XSkambn 450 ASn hoxnbpw 32 ASn Bghpw 4 ssaâ \ofhpapff ]md t]m-se Dd Hcp awâ n«cq]w simïncp p. XpdapJhnIk\ n\v t\xrxzw \ÂIms\ nb kà tdm_à«v {_ntìm Cu awâxn«\o w sn m³ Xocpam\n p. ChnsS \ n pw e`n p awâ FdWmIpf n\v ]Snªmdphi apïmbncp Hcp Xpcp nâ I ndsi«n \nt ]n v Xpcp v hnikn n m\pw At±lw Xocpam\n p. Hcp IpjvTtcmKmiq]{Xnbpw ]ffnbpw (]ffn C papïv.) am{xambncp p Cu Xpcp nse s]mxpøm]\ Ä. Xpcp nsâ hs v `mk v I ndsi«n Xn«\o w snbvx awâ AhnsS \nt ]n p. A{]Imcw \ni nsbsp ISense Zzo]n\v 900 G À hnkvxoà apïmbncp p Unkw_À 9þ\v Hcp NS nâ sim n cmpmhv cmahའazncmin KhÀ dmbn temàuv hnãnwkvswnsâ t]cv sim n pdapj n\pw ]pxnb Xmbn \ni nsbsp at\mlcamb Zzo]n\pw \nàt±in p. B NS nâ h p Xs azncmin KhÀ À Cu t]cv AwKoIcn p. C v sim n pdapj nsâ BØm\amWv hnãnwkvs sfeâv. cmpys BZy {Ko³^oÂUv jn vbmàuv 1969þemWv C ybnse B Zys {Ko³^nÂUv jn vbmàumb sim n³ jn vbmàuv P sasp Xv. C ybnse \nch[n Øe Ä ]cnkwn Xn\v tijamwv sim n³ jn vbmàun\v A\paXn \ÂInbXv. 1982þ jn vbmàunsâ BZyL«w ]qà nbmbn. 48

49 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä P m³ BØm\ambpff anxvkp_njn slhn C³Ukv{SokmWv jn vbmàuv cq]iâ \ snbvxxpw \nà½mw {]hà \ Ä v t\xrxzw hln Xpw 1972 ImebfhnemWv I¼\n \nà½mw{]hà \ Ä Bcw`n Xv. 1978þ I  \nà½mwhpw 1981þ jn v dn bdnwkpw 1993þ assd³ G \obdnwkv s{sbn\nwkpw 1999 þâ Hm^vtjmÀ A]vt{KtUj\pw Bcw`n p. Ncn{XKXnIÄs mcp aqikm n FdWmIpfw inht {X n\v kao]amwv sim n cmpmhnsâ UÀ_mÀ lmä. hmkvxpinâ] `wknbpw {]uunbpw amäpcbv p UÀ_mÀlmfn ]cn n v X¼pcm³ ayqknbaµnc nembncp p UÀ_mÀ \S nbncp Xv P\phcn 4þse `cw] cnjv mc hnfw_cw, Pq 19þse ]pxnb `cwls\ {]Jym]\w F nh Cu UÀ_mdn \S kp{] [m\ hnfw_c fmwv. kmlnxy Ncn{Xw thcnd nb a mwv UÀ_mÀ lmä {Kuïv. ticfefnx Iem A mzanbpss IemtI{µamWn nhnsw. {]IrXn kuµcy nsâ ]dpzok Cw o-jvimà \nà½n sdkn-uïv sim«m-c-amwv t_ mäkm«n ]me-kv. F. Un. 1744emWv ]mekv \nà½n-x-amb-xv. apf-hp-imsv Zzo]nsâ sxs Aä- mwv sim«m-cw. U p-imà ChnsS _w m-hp-iä si«n Xma-kn- n-cp- p. A ns\ Øe- n\v t]mªn- c F t]cp-ïm-bn. {_n«ojv sdkn-u³kn Xma-kn- n-cp- -Xn-hn-sS-bm-Wv. 49

50 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä ticfsslt msxn PnÃbpsS timsxn Ncn{Xw Bcw`n p Xv 1812þ tiwâ a tdmbpss `cwime mwv. AXn\p ap³]v \msphmgnifpw tzihmgnifpw ams¼namcpw kzcq]nifpw {Kma eh mcpam-wv XÀ -- fnâ XoÀ p Iev]n n cp Xv. a tdmbpss Ime v Xr qwn pdbnepw XrÈqcnepw Htcm k_vtimsxniä \nehnâ h p. FdWm-Ipf v A teäv A[nImcapff, Znhm³ A²y \mb Hcp lpkpà timsxn \nehnâ h p. 1835þ lpkpà timsxn cmpmtimsxnbmbn. Xr pwn pd bnepïmbncp PnÃm timsxn, k_v timsxnifnâ k_vtimsxn FdWmIpft v amän. AXv A n bvaä timsxn F dnbs «p nâ cmpmtimsxn sim nbnse No^v timsxnbmbn Pq 18þ\v No^v timsxn sim n sslt msxnbmbn \hw_à 1þ\v ticfsslt msxn Øm]nXambn. 1938þ ssht{kmbn en³ en vtkm {]`p sim n kµàin t mä ]WnXoÀ cmwtaml³ ]me-kmwv sslt msxn aµncambn cq]m cw {]m]n Xv. cmahà½cmpmhmwv cmwtaml³ sim«mcw F p t]cn«xv. cïmw temi almbp²ime v sim«mcw ssk\ni Bip]{Xnbmbpw 1949þ XncpþsIm n sslt msxnbpss BØm\ amip Xv hsc sim«mcw sim n sk{i«dntbämbpw {]hà n p. C ybnâ A ma³; {In änâ aq pw sim nbnse PhlÀem s\lvdp tìunbw hen nâ C ybnâ A mw Øm\ pw C ybnse {In äv tìunb fnâ aq mw Øm\ pw \nesimffp p þemwv tìunbw DXvLmS\w 50

51 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä snbvxxv. 75,000 t]à ncn mhp kwhn[m\ fpïv. \nch[n CâÀ \mjwâ ^psvt_mäþ{in äv aõc Ä CXn\Iw ChnsS Act dn gnªp. \nch [n FIvkn_nj\pIÄ pw kn\nam kmkv mcniþ cmjv{sob ]cn]msniä v tìunbw D]tbmKn v hcp p. 1997þ \S s\lvdp I v CâÀ \mjwâ ^psvt_mä SqÀ saâmwv tìunb nse BZy aõcw. C ybnse Gähpw ]g w sn \mhni ]cnioe\ ti{µw 1939þ cïmw temialmbp²amcw`n p Xn\v GXm\pw Znhkw ap³]v {_n«ojv \mhnitk\ tdm bâ t\hn sim nbnse n. tkmh apxâ I\ymIp amcnhscbpff Xoc nsâ kwc Wambncp p ChcpsS {][m\npaxe. bp²amcw`n txmss tdmbâ FbÀt^mgvkv, tdmbâ assd³kv, tdmbâ t\hâ FbÀ HmÀKss\tkj³ IqSmsX Hcp BÀan Iym¼pw t\hâ hnam\ mhfhpw sim nbnâ Øm]nXambn. C me v sfeânse ae_mà tlm«embncp p \m hni mhf nsâ BØm\w sk]väw_dnâ 50 G À Øew \mhni mhf n\mbn A\phZn p Pq 23þ\v sf. F³. Fkv. shïpcp n DXvLmS\w sn s «p. 1951þ K dnþi½yqwnt j³, tsmà ]otum, Bân k_v sado³ \mhntkj³ Ubd ³ F o hn`mk Ä IqSn tnà s «p. 1977þ Z nw \mhni tajebmbn sim n cq]oirxambn HIvtSm_À 12þ\v ^bdnwkv kviqä Bcw`n p. t^mà«vsim n ]tcuv{kuïnembncp p ]cnioe\w. 1952þ ^bdnwkv kviqä Øncw kwhn[m\ nte p amän.]n osv Cu kviqä t^mà«vsim nbnte v amän. K dn kv qfns\m w t\hâ timìâ _mädn, t\hâ timìv hnwkv kviqä F nhbpw tnà s «p. 51

52 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä hãmà]msw cmpym- c {Sm³jn- vsaâv ssàan-\â Ad-_n- -S-ensâ dmwn v hni-k-\- nsâ ]pxnb N{I-hm-f- Ä Xpd- p-sim-sp- Xpd-ap-J-]-²-Xn-I-fmWv Fd-Wm-Ipfw PnÃ-bn bmymà y-am-b hãmà]msw cmpym- c {Sm³jn- vsaâv ssàan-\â, sim n-bpss ]màiz-h-xv -cn- -s -«p-in-s- n-cp Hcp {]tz-i- nsâ apj-omb Xs amänb ]²-Xn-bm-Wn-Xv. ]m\m-am-ivkv, kq À ]m\m-amivkv t{iwn-bnâs «Iï-bv\À I -ep- I-fpÄs ss sim n-bn-te-s - p-i F e y-t m-ssbmwv hãmà]msw cmpym- c {Sm³jn- vsaâv ssàan-\â FÂ. F³. Pn. ssàan-\â Øm]n-X-am-bn-«p-Å-Xv. \Kc nsâ tkm{io sim ncmpy nsâ s]mxpacma v hip v a{ nbmbncp ktlmzc³ A \mwv ssh n³þfdwmipfw ]me n\v BZy{iaamcw`n Xv. F mâ XncpsIm n kwtbmp\t mss AXv \S msx t]mbn sabv 18þ\v tkm{io Zzo]v hn Ik\ AtXmdnän cq]oicn p. 84 timsn cq] Nnehp hcp tkm{io ]²Xnbn ]mew \nà½mw nsâ am{xw Nnehv 39,36,82,165 cq]bmbncp p. apwss_bnse A^vtIm kv C³{^mkv{SIvNÀ I¼\n mbncp p \nà½mwnpaxe. apfhpimsv, hãmà]msw, ssh n³ Zzo]pIsf \Kchpambn _Ôn n p aq v ]me Ä pambn 1353 aoäà \ofhpw aoäà hoxnbpw hcpw Unkw_À 29þ\v ]²Xnbnse BZy]mew sim nþapfhpimsv ]mew ]qà nbmbn s^{_ phcn 10þ\v apfhpimsv hãmà]msw ]mew ]qà nbmbn amà v 30þ\v Ahkm\ KmÀUdpw Øm]n txmss tkm{io ]me Ä bmymà ambn. 52

53 sim n-bpss hnkva-b- Ä cmpmkv... almcmpmkv 1845  Øm]nXamb Zn cmpmkv sslkviqfnsâ {]n³kn mfmbn 1865  Cw ojvimc³ F^v. Fkv. koen F nbtxmssbmwv FdWmIpfw almcmpmkv timtfpnsâ Ncn{Xw Bcw`n p Xv. 1875þ Znhm³ i p ntat\m³ FdWmIpfw timtfpmbn kviqfns\ DbÀ n. 1925þ kphà Pq_nentbmS\p_Ôn v almcmpmkv timtfpv F v ]p\à\maicww snbvxp. ^okv hà²\hns\ psà v 1934þ ChnsS \S kacamwv PnÃbnse BZy hnzymà n kacw HmKÌv 14\v `mcx ]XmItbmsSm w cmpmhnsâ ]XmIbpw DbÀ Wsa IÂ]\sb XpSÀ \S A{Iahpw {]Xntj[hpw ]\¼nÅn a{ nk`bpss cmpnbnâ Iemin Xv Ncn{Xw. imkv{xþkmt XnI ]T\ nâ \ mbiøm\ v imkv{x kmt XnI ]T\ nepw KthjW nepw `mcx nse ap³\ncøm]\ Äs m amwv C v Ipkmänsâ Øm\w. AXnsâ ^eambmwv Cu kàhiemimesb sf. sf. Sn. Xe nâ tziob {]m[m\yapff Hcp Øm]\ambn DbÀ m\pff ti{µ kà mcnsâ Xocpam\w. bqwnthgvknän Hm^v sim n³ F t] cnâ 1971þ Øm]n p. 1986þ 'sim n³ bqwnthgvknän Hm^v kb³kv Bâv ssivt\mfpn' F t] cnâ ]p\à\maicww snbvxp. D X hnzym`ymk n\v Du  \ÂIn t]mìv {KmtPäv hnzymà niä v kv{io³, ssivt\mfpn, C³Ukv{Sn Bâv timtagvkv F nhbnâ D]cn]T\amWv CUSAT eqss km[yamip Xv þ lyqa³ dntkm-gvkkv Un mà«psaâv Ipkmäv sf. sf.än. seh-enâ AwKo-I-cn- -s -«p. 53

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55 ABOUT ernakulam GENERAL INFORMATION Area : sq.kms. Population : (Greater Kochi) Languages : Malayalam, English Altitude : Sea Level Rainfall : 254 cm. (annual) Climate : Warm tropical Temperature : Summers 24.C to 33.C & Winters 22.C to 32.C Clothing : Tropical Cottons Best Season : November to May. Rainy season (May to Oct) STD Code : 0484 Captivating Kochi is the commercial capital and the most cosmopolitan city of Kerala. It is an excellent blend of tradition and modernity and is a perfect reflection of the cosmopolitan society of Kerala. The town also known as the has one of the finest natural harbours in the world and is one of the oldest port in country. Kochi, formerly called as Cochin, came into being in 1967, as a result of the merger of the then neighbouring towns and villiages of mainland Ernakulam, Old Cochin, including Mattancherry, Fort Kochi, Palluruthy and Thoppumpady, Willingdon Island, the suburbs of Edappally and the exurbia of Kalamassery, Thrikkakkara and Kakkanad to the northeast and Tripunithura to the Southeast. It is indeed one of the most spectacular cities of the country, brimming with history, legends and natural beauty. Since time immemorial, Arabs, Chinese, Ducth, British and Portuguese had trade relations with Kochi and the prosperity of the town can be judged by the remarks of the famous Italian traveller Nicolas Conti, who wrote that If China is where you make your money, then Cochin is surely the place to spend it. The City s rich historical legacy is well exhibited at Fortkochi, which still retains the ambience of the colonial past. Here one can see ancient temples, churches and synagogues standing in complete harmony. The innumerable historical monuments are of special interest to the archaeologists and historians. Ernakulam, the gateway to Kochi, is the commercial and residential part of the twin city. Ernakulam district, with its headquarters at Kochi is the first fully literatec district in the country and is also the most industrially developed district of the state. Kochi-Ernakulam is served by an international as well as domestic airport and has fine communication facilities, excellent accommodation, restaurants and all the modern amenities wished by a travel. The rich historical and cultural legacy, exceptional scenic beauty, with beautiful backwater, lush lagoons, beaches and not to forget the Chinese Fishing Nets, a hallmark of Kochi makes this interesting city one of the most attractive destination in the world. 55

56 Accessibility By Air The domestic and international airport are at Nedumbassery 30 km. from Kochi and 25 km from Ernakulam. The international airport here has been built by a major contribution from NRI s of the State and is one of the best airports of the country. By Road Ernakulam is connected by a well developed network of road. The KSRTC Central Bus Station is located near the junction Railway Station. Long route private buses operate from High Court jn.,rly. Station and Kaloor jn.since2011 India s biggest bus terminal named Vyttila mobility Hub working in the heart of city in between NH 17 and 49 Fairs & Festivals Athachamayam This is a spectacular procession marking the onset of Onam festival and is taken out from Thripunithura and Piravam. It provides a fine opportunity to view the folk and temple arts of Kerala. The well caparisoned elephants and variety of floats add colour to the festivities. Cochin Carnival This glittering festival is held during the last week of the year at Fort Kochi. Its origin can be traced back to the colonial times, when New Year was celebrated with pomp and gaiety. Today, the festival symbolises fun and merry making. The city is beautifully illuminated and various competitions and unique games are organised. On the New Year day a massive procession is take out accompanied by caparisoned elephants, Panchavadyam spectacular floats, music bands and enthralling folk performances. Indira Gandhi Boat Race 56

57 The boat race coincides with the tourist festival held during last week of the year. Thousands of visitors assemble to watch the exciting snake boat race. Siva Temple, Ernakulam This eight day annual festival is another popular event of the city. The Seeveli procession with 9 tuskers and the Panchavadyam is held twice a day within the temple on all the eight days. On the seventh evening, Pakalpooram is conducted. Folk and classical performance like Kathakali, Ottanthullal etc. are performed by renowned artists. The festival concludes with the Aarattu. Shopping Kochi is a treasure trove for shopper s. The shopping list in Kochi is quiet long as the shops here are full of antiques, exquisitely carved wooden items, wooden jewellery boxes, oil lamps, coir products, textiles, spices and other handicraft items. Main shopping Areas The M G Road and Durbar Hall Road jos jn - South Railway Station Areas in Ernakulam are dotted with several handicraft and antique emporiums. M G Road teems with numerous shopping outlets and caters to all the needs of the visitors. Jos junction is also called as the heart of the city and is a great shopping locality. The Marine Drive - Park Avenue area is also an important business and commercial centre of the city. The massive GCDA shopping complex on Marine Drive is worth visiting. The jew Town at Mattancherry is famous for the shops dealing in age old antiques and spices. The India pepper & Spice Building usually teems with racket of dealers shouting the latest prices of the spices. 57

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59 Public Utility Service ACCIDENT HELPLINE - 24 Hrs Rotary Road Accident Helpline Kalamassery Irumpanam IOC Highway Alert AIR SERVICES Air India Cathay pacific Emirates Go Air Gulf Air Indian Airlines Jet Airways Kingfisher Airlines / Kingfisher Airlines Global Aviation Kuwait Airways Quatar Airways Saudi Arabian Airlines Singapore Airlines / Srilankan Airlines - Airport Office Airport Enquiry Air India Cargo Section Cochin International Airport Emirates Gulf Air Indian Airlines Jet Airways / AMBULANCE Aluva-Medical Trust Accident Helpline Asraya Ambulance Service Dial (Ambulance) Edappally MAJ Hospital Edappally - Amritha EKM Dhanwandhari Ser Society Ernakulam Karayogham Ernakulam General Hospital Kacheripady PNVM Hospital Kalamassery Medical Trust Kaloor- PVS Memorial Hospital Maradu Grama Panchayath palarivattom Sunrise Hospital Panayapilly Goutham Hospital Tripunithura - Varma Medical Clinic Trauma Care Ambulance Service (Co-Operative Medical College) Tripunithura, Irumpanam-Medical Trust help Line ART GALLERIES Lawrance Art Gallery Jupiter Arts & Frame Gallery Muses Art Gallery Wall Frame Art Gallery ASSOCIATION Kerala Merchants Union Cochin Commercial Employee Association Cochin Custom House Agents Association Kudumbasree District Mission Office Angamaly Private Bus Operators Association Export Sea Food Dealers Association Kerala High Court Advocates Association IDA - Cochin (Secretary) India Pepper And Spice Trade Association Inside Architectural Kerala Cradai Kochi Kerala Electric Trade Kerala Foot Ball Association Kerala Hotel And Restaurant Association Kerala Management Association Kerala State Bar Council Keral state Small Industries Association Sea Food Exporters Association Of India All Kerala Chemists & Druggists Association Bus Operators Association BLOOD BANKS Amritha (AIMSRC) Ernakulam General Hospital IMA Voluntary Donor Lakeshore Hospital (Extn.2547) Little Flower Hospital Lourdes Hospital / Medical Trust BREAK DOWN SERVICES 4 - WHEELERS Audi GM Motors Focus Motors Ford Honda City Maruti - Popular Maruti - Sai Service Maruti - Indus Motors MGF Hyundai Mitsubishi Skoda 24x7 Helpline Toyota WHEELERS Alwaye Motors JKB Automobiles M Squred Kinetic S N Motors CHAMBER OF COMMERCE Kerala Chamber of Commerce & Industry Cochin Chamber of Commerce & Industries Indian Chamber of Commerce & Industry Imdo American Chamber Commerce CORPORATION Cochin Corporation Boat Jetty Cochin Coporation - Edappally Cochin Corporation Mattanchery / 03 COURIER SERVICES Aramex Pvt Ltd Blazeflash Couriers Pvt Ltd Blue Dart Express Ltd Country Wide Courier Service Dartex Courier & Cargo DHL Express / DTDC Courier & Cargo / DTDC Courier- Cargo Shanmugam Rd DTDC Courier Maradu First Flight Couriers Ltd / Fly King Courier Service Kairali Couriers Pvt Ltd Ondot Courier Professional courier Speed And Safe Courier Service Pvt Ltd The French Express Network Pvt Ltd Trackon Couriers Pvt Ltd XPS Courier COURTS High Court District Court Consumer Court CREMATORIUM Padiyath Ravipuram Crematorium DIAGNOSTIC CENTRES DDC International DDRC Well Spring Pathlabs Medilab (Kadavantra) Medivision Laboratories Medivision Scan & Diagnostic Research Centre Pvt Ltd DIALYSIS Amritha Hospital Lakeshore Hospital Lise Hospital Little Flower Hospital Lourdes Hospital / Medical Trust Samaritan Hospital / DIST. ADMINISTRATIONS Collectorate Office Corporation of Cochin Boat Jetty EKM Corporation of Cochin Edappally Corporation of Cochin Mattanchery GCDA Office DISTRESS HELP LINE Children in Distress Help Line Children in Distress Office Friends Janaseva Kendra HIV - Aids Help line Council of People Living with HIV/AIDS in Kerala Janaseva Sisu Bhavan Karunalayam Maithri (Helpline for the Lonely Depressed & Suicidal) Missionaries Of Charity Mukthi - free De - addiction Services Night Shelter for Youngsters Nirmala Sisu Bhavan Peoples Council for Social justice Prathyasha - Women in Distress Snehabhavan palluruthy SOS Village ELECTRICITY BOARD SERVICES Aluva Town Athani Chengamanadu Chowara College Section Ernakulam

60 Edappally Eloor Fort Cochin Giri Nager Kalamassery Kaloor Maradu Vyttila EYE BANKS Abhayam Eye Bank Littile Flower Hospital Eye Bank Thanks Sight Foundation Hospital FIRE EMERGENCY SERVICE Aluva Club Road Cochin Port FACT Udyogamandal Fort Kochi Gandhi Nagar Thrikkakara Kochi Refineries Mattanchery FOREIGN MONEY EXCHANGE Muthoot Exchange Paul Merchant Thomas Cook ( India) Ltd UAE Exchange VKC Credit & Forex Wall Street Finance Ltd Weiz Mann Forex Ltd Western Money Transfer HOSPITALS AYURVEDA Birla kerala vaidyasala Kerala Ayurveda Pharmacy Kerala Vaidyasala Keraleeya Ayurveda Samajam Hospital , Nagarjuna Ayurvedic Centre Parathuvayalil Hospital Punarnava Ayurveda Hospital Pvt Ltd Santhigiri Ayurveda & Sidha Vaidyasala Sree Shankara Ayurveda Hospital Vaidyarathnam Oushadhasala ALOPATHIC Al Shifa Super Speciality Hospital For Piles Amrita Institute of Medical Science Ayswarya Hospital Chaithanya Eye Hospital Cimar Cochin City Hospital Cochin hospital Cochin Mental Health Centre Cochin Spine Hospital Devi Hospital Pvt Ltd Dr Denny s Laparoscopy & Hernia Hospital Dr Jolly Thomson s Clinic Dr Joy s Hospital For Women & Children Early Cancer Detection Centre Ernakulam Medical Centre Focus Eye Hospital Gautham Hospital General Clinic & Nursing Home Gridhar Eye Institute Indira Gandhi Co - Operative Hospital KGM Eye Care Hospital KPM Eye Hospital Krishna Hospital Kumar Back & Neck Pain Centre Kunhalu s Nursing Home Kusumagiri Mental Health Centre Lakeshore Hospital Lisie Hospital Little Flower Hospital Lourdes Hospital Madonna Diabetic Centre / MAJ Hospital Medical Trust Hospital Nairs Hospital Najath Hospital Nethaji Nature Cure & Yoga Ojus Clinic Our Lady s Hospital P N V M Hospital P S Mission Hospital P V S Memorial Hospital Peejay s child Guidance Clinic (CGC) , Peejay s Policlinic R C M Hospital San Joe Hospital Specialist Hospital Sree Sudheendra Medical Mission St. Teresa s Nature cure Hospital Susrusha Nursing Home Thaqdees Hospitals Limited / V G Saraf Memorial Hospital Varma Medical Clinic Vathakat Orthopedic Hospital Vijaya Fertility Clinic Vijaya Kumara Menon Hospital Vijayalaksmi Medical Centre Welcare Hospital GOVERNMENT Co- operative Medical College E S I Hospital General Hospital Ernakulam Govt Ayurvedic Hospital Taluk Hospital Aluva Ayurveda college Hospital TPN Dist TB Centre, Palluruthy Taluk Hospital Tripunithura Women & Children Hospital Mattancherry ESI Dispensary Thoppumpady HOMEOPATHY Dr. Padiar Memorial Homeopthic Medical College Search Homeopathy Aditya Institute of Homeopathic Medical Sciences Sanjivini Homeopathic Clinic Hahnehmann Homeo Dispensary INDUSTRIAL & ECONOMIC ZONES Indian Gateway Terminal Pvt Ltd, Vallarpadam Info Park Project Office / Ernakulam export Promotion Industrial Park...Kakkanad Hitech Park Kalamassery Small Industries Park Mazhuvannur Rubber Park-Airapuram, Perumbavoor LPG EMERGENCY SERVICES Anand Gas / LPG Emergency Service (5pm-9am) Aiswarya Gas Service Ajoy Gas Service Bharath Gas Bismi Gas Agency Blue flame Gas Agencies City Gas Agencies Resmi Gas Rose Flame S N C Gas LPG Emergency Sai Gas Sini Agencies Super Flame Super Gas Agencies United Gas LIBRARIES Eloor Libaries EMS Co-Operative Libary Kakkanad Ernakulam Public Libary MEDIA - TV / PRINT TELEVISION ACV Amritha Tv Asianet News Business Digest Magazine Doordarshan indiavision Jaihind Tv Jeevan TV Kairali TV malayalam Tele Net Manorama News Mathrubhumi News Siti Channel Surya TV PRESS / PRINT MEDIA Chandrika Daily Deepika Deshabhimani Dhanam Janayugam Janmabhumi Kerala kamudi Madhyamam malayalamanorama Malayalam News Mangalam Mathrubhumi Metro Vartha Press Club PTI Siraj Daily Times of India The Financial Express The Hindu

61 The Hindustan Times The New Indian Express Thejus Daily UNI Veekshanan RADIO Club FM All India Radio Radio Mango Red FM MUSEUM Dutch Palace Hil Palace Archeological Museum Museum of Kerala History Kerala Folklore Theatre & Museum PASSPORT OFFICE Enquiry PETROL BUNKS - 24 Hrs Edappally -United Fuels Kundannoor - Meleth Agencies PHARMACIES - 24 Hrs Amrita Pharmacy Medicops Society Oriental Pharmacy Med Care POLICE Central Police Station City Traffic Police Station Commissioner of Police Control Room Ernakulam Town North Police Station (kasba) IG Office Ernakulam Range Vanitha Police Station POSTAL SERVICES Changampuzha nagar Cheranelloor Cochin University Edappally Ernakulam College Ernakulam H.O Kadavanthra kaloor Kochi H.O Kochi M G Road Thrikkakara RAILWAYS Reservation Enquiry Ernakulam Junction - Arrival Enquiry Aluva Angamaly Ernakulam Town General Enquiry Kalamassery - Goods Office Tripunithura Current Status of Reserved Ticket English Hindi Malayalam REVENUE & TAX Depat of Revenue Intelligence Income Tax Department / Sales Tax Department ROAD TRANSPORT- KSRTC Aluva Angamaly Ernakulam Kothamangalam Paravoor perumbavoor Thodupuzha Private Bus Stand Aluva STADIUMS Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Rajiv Gandhi Indoor Stadium Maharaja s College Stadium STOCK EXCHANGE Cochin Stock Exchange Ltd TELECOMS - LANDLINE SERVICES BSNL - Service Access Codes Internet ISDN Internet Dial Up India Telephone Card Net One - Accountless Internet - CLI Based Call Now card Helplines Internet & Broadband Leased Line Mobile Airtel Airtel Post paid Airtel Pre Paid BSNL Idea Post paid Idea Pre Paid Reliance Mobile Tata Indicom Vodafone Post paid Vodafone Pre Paid BROADBAND SERVICE Airtel Broadband Aircel Asianet Dataline BSNL Reliance Broadband Tata Docomo TOURIST INFORAMTION India Tourism Office WDI KTDC - Ernakulam Lakshadweep tourism IRCTC UNIVERSITIES CUSAT (Cochin University) ICFAI University IGNOU M G University S S Sanskrit University Kalady, Indian Maritime University VETERINARY SERVICES Govt. Vaterinary Hospital South WATER SUPPLY & SEWAGE PHW Sub Division Aluva Choondy Drainage, pallimukku HW Sub Division Aluva KWA Control Room (Complaints) Sub Division Pallimukku Kalamassery kaloor Karuvelippady North Paravoor Tripunithura Vadakkekkara

62 Business Pages... Wholesalers & Distributors Accountants- Chartered Joseph Sibin C.A, Kochi , Rejith & Maju, Kaloor, Kochi , Varma & Warrier, Pallimukku, Adhesives & Glues B & Co, Jewstreet, Ernakulam Crescent Enterprise, Ernakulam Max Associates, Palarivattom, Kochi Uday Tapes, G..P Road Advertising Media Hub, Press Club Road Ernakulam Mark Advertising, Ernakulam Dassena Advertising Kalthiparambu Rd Cathay Marketing & Advertising, Panampilly Nagar, Kochi Agricultural Eqp.& Supplies Chaithram Agro Products, G.P Road Ernakulam I.M Agencies, Muslim Street, Ekm Joseph Chandy, T.D West Rd Yemkey Hardwares, Jew Street Alloys-Aluminium Dealers, Wholesale & Retail Aluminium Trading Co.T.D Road Golden Aluminium Centre, Ekm Jaihind Traders, G..P.Road Ekm Kaloor Metals, Cloth Bazzar Road Mubarak Metals,JewStreet Premier Aluminium Metals,T.D Road (See our Advt Page 54) Steels India Jew Street Architects Denarch Associates, Koovappa K K Ravindran Bhagathsig Road, Vyttilla kumar Group Total Designers Karshaka Artifical Flowers Flower dale, Broadway Evergreen Broadway (See our Advt Page10) Rohini Marketing, Broadway Arums Cochin Armoury, Narakkathara Road (See our Advt Page 13) Automobile Service Classic Maruthi Service, Vyttilla Cochin Maruthi Service, Thammanam Thara automobiles, Edappally MGF Hyundai Helpline Service Nippon Toyota Penisular Honda Popular Automobiles Sai service Roadians,Desom Flme, Desom Automobile Spares Bombay Auto Agencies, Bji Rd J K B Automobiles, M C Rd Alankar Motors, A.M road Ayurveda Medicine DealersChands Pharmaceautical Works, Ekm K.N.G. Stores, Market Road Ekm Karippai Ayurveda Pharmcy, N.Parur Kurumthottam Ayurvedic Agencies T.D Rd Pooram pooja Marketing, Market Rd, Praksh Oushadhalaya, Jew Street Shankar Pharmacy, Manjummal Sajeeva Pharmacy, Press Club Rd Trends Ayurvedic Pvt. Ltd.,Konamthai Velayudha Pharmacy Padma Jn Abrasives Balaji Ram, T.D, West Road, Ekm Raj Enterprises, Basin Road Regal Tool Centre, Ekm Bag Dealers Alankar Bags, Edappally Bag palace Broadway CVK Plastics, Market Rd (See our Advt Page 5) Elements Enterprises, Market Rd (See our Advt Page 62) Fashion Bag palace, Basin Rd Jain Bag House, Ernakulam College Kakkat Indian steel Trunk Stores, High Court Junction Kaloor Traders, Kacherippady Lavrel Florist, Ernakulam College Luky Bag House, Broadway Magnet Bags, Kalabhavan Rd Mas Bags, Bazar, Jewstreet Ernakulam My Choice, Broadway, Ernakulam My Planet Bags peeyes Bags, Broadway Nibas Collections, M.G..Road Nizco International, Mkt Road

63 Palastic Cottage, Broadway Polo Bags, Broadway,Ernakulam Sylcon, Edappally Western Bag Mall (H) Shanmugham Rd Accurate Bags, Edathala,Ernakulam Elite Bags, Pachalam, Ernakulam Bag Materials Allience Agency, Basin Rd Ekm Kairali Agencies, T.D Rd Bags - Retail Bag House, Thevara Boot House, Thevara Challege Footwear, Vyttila Just Look, Vyttila Baker s Supplies & Wholsale Bombay Trading Co.Market Rd EP Market Rd Thomson Trading Company, Ekm Vetas Enterprises, Sannidhi Rd Viveka Essance Mart, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 63) Bakers, Equipments Sahiya Trading Co. P. Lt, T.D West Bathroom Accessories Cochin Sanitary Stores, T.D Rd Modern Sanitary Stores Mather Brothers, Market Rd National Metal & Pipes, G Prabhu Rd Prakash Metal & Pipes Sreenivasa Mallan Rd Star Stationions, Mkt Rd S.S Marketing, G Prabu Rd Southern Distributors, Jews street, Ekm Vasudev Enterprises, T.D West Rd Battery Dealers Cochin Battery Service, Hi-Court Jn Dawan Battery House, Palarivattom Genuine Enterprises, Kochi GK Battery House, Pulleppady Star Enterprises, Palarivattom Pulikkal Exide Shoppe Alwaye Battery Centre Beauty Saloons Kalpana Beauty sallon, & Health Club Edappally Lakme Beauty Saloon,Panampilly Nagar Live In Style, Panampilly Nagar Lush Beauty Clinic, Panampilly Nagar Beauty Saloons - Equipment Accessories & Supplies Beauty collection centre, Broadway Cheeran Agencies, Mather Bazar Honey fancy Stores, Broadway Lane Top Fancy, Broadway S.S.J. Agencies, Broadway, Ekm Bed Centre Anand Traders, Press Club Rd Anand Agencies, Press Club Rd White Shop, Press Club Rd Beltt & Caps Aaron, Broadway, Ekm Belt House, Boardway Broadway Cap House, Broadway Tiptop Belt Centre, p.o Link Rd Bicycles-Dealers & Parts Supplies Boney Cycle Emporium, Press Club Rd Jayabharat cycle & Motor, Broadway Navabharat Cycle & Motor, Co-Cochin Bolts & Nuts Bolts & Nuts, TD Rd Kochi N.M.A Traders, Payyapally Rd,Ekm S.S Traders, G.P Rd (See our Advt Page 64) Venkateswara Trading Copr. T.D West DV Pai Fasteners & Exporters Pvt Ltd (See our Advt Page 64) Book Dealers Acadamic Book House, Chittoor Rd CICC Book House, PC Rd H & C Stores, Near KSRTC, Ekm Janatha Book Stall, Press Club Rd Mar Louis, Broadway, Ekm New Santha Book House, Press Club Rd Soorya Book House, Convent Jn..., Sargadooth Publication Surya Book Centre, T.D Rd St.Paul s Book Centre, Broadway Brass Swastik Metal Agency, T.D Rd, Ekm United Metals, T.D.Rd,Ekm Brassieres & Meterials Elasto Mils (P) Ltd.,.ChittoorRd-35, Fouse Agencies, Broadway Lane, PMG Textiles, Broadway, Ernakulam., Smarto Builders, Contractors & Designers Ace Associates, Paramara Rd. Kochi - 18,. 63

64 Deecone, Aluva Geo Construction, S. Kalamassery, Kaveri Construction, Amaravathi S.J.Construction, & Contractors, Kaloor T.K. Construction, Pullepady Trikkakkara Construction, Edappally Manadath Homes Home Designs Verizon Anand Group, SA Road Ernakulam Dharti Builders, Mamanglam, Kochi25, Entice Properties Pvt Ltd Green Dot Homes, (India) Pvt Ltd Siddhi Homes, Tripunithura, Kochi Cable TV Accessories Maheswari Electronics, Pallimukku R R Electronics, Pallimukku Royal Electronics, Pallimukku Camrea Sales & Servicing Asian Camera Centre, Marine Drive-31., Camera Scan, N. Paravur Paris Zoom Jn, Shanmugham Road, Penta Menaka Caps & Belts Lucky Bag House, Jew Street West End, Broadway Western Bag & Leather House Shanmugham Rd Ekm Carpet & Rug Dealers Carpet Weaves, Ravipuram - 16., Glory & Co., Shanmugham Rd P.K Makkar & Company, Market Rd Car Acceessories The Car Club, Pulinchodu My Car Car Nest Auto Cool The Car Plus, Banerji Rd Cashew Nuts & Dry Fruits Bombay Trading Co, Market Rd, Ekm E.P.J. Market Rd., Ernakulam Five Star Traders, Market Rd Cast - Iron Bharth Pipes, Jew Street, Ekm Edison Enterprises, Njarakkal Omkar Marketing, T.D Rd Pipes & Tubles, Jew Street, Ekm Raghav Enterprises, T.D.Rd Cochin Ceiling Materials Golden Aluminium Centre, Convent Rd, Ekm Chemicals A & Enterprises, S.Kalamassery Chaithram Agro Products, Gopalaprabhu Rd. Ekm Cochin Syndicate, KovilvattomRd Choice Chemicals, Ekm North,Kochi Mas Chemical Cochin Church Articles Catholic Art Centre, Broadway Carmel Book Stall, Banerji Rd New Christian World, Market Rd Madonna Emporium, Broadway Mookkannor S.H.Orphanage Depot (See our Advt Page 63) Mar Louis Book Centre, Kochi St. Antony s Depot, Broadway St. Pauls Book Centre,Broadway Cinema Theatre Ernakulam Kanoos Kochi Kavitha, Kochi Padma, Kochi Pratheeksha,Palluruthy Saritha, Savitha, Sangeetha, Kochi-18 Sreedhar, Kochi EVM, Kochi Complimentary Items Fashion Bag Palace, Ekm Gift Land, Mather Bazar,Ekm Swastick Agencies, Jews Street Construction Odathinkal Construction (See our Advt Page 06) Computer Education G-Tech Computer G-Tech Computer Education, Chullickal G-Tech Computer Education GTechComputerEducation,KochiPalace GammaComputerCentre,PalarivattomJn LCC Computer centre, Tripunithura-31., LCC, Nedumbassery., Lattice Animation Academy, Pallrivattom Laxmi Inst. of Information Technology Mattancherry-2., Leader s Academy of Computer Education,.Narakkal NACT Computer Centre. Kochi Palace-31., Regional Computer Education, Pulleppady-18., Computer Peripherals & Consumables Allnet Solution, Ravipuram Cochin Compu Land, Paramar Rd Computer Ware House, Manorama Jn Gloria Business & Services, Ravipuram

65 Mahaveer Computers, Panampilly Pengium Systems, Malippuram Sreelakshmi Traders, Ravipuram Computers-Rental Magna Systems, Market Road, Ekm Corporation Office Kochi Corporation Thrissur Corporation Courier Services AFL Courier, Chittoor Road AFL Wizz, KTM Aramex Courier, Ravipuram - 15., Aramex Indian Pvt Ltd, Warriam Road Ernakualm682016, Blue Dart DHL, T.D Rd., City Courier Service, T.D, Rd Country Wide Courier, Service Providence Rd DTDC Couriers, Kaloor Blue Dart DHL Express India, M.G Road-15., DTDC Courier & Cargo Ltd Providence Road North End , DTDC Courier & Cargo Ltd. Venus Castle, Palarivattom, Nr. St.Martins rice Shop., DTDC Courier & Cargo Service North DTDC Courier & Cargo, Shenoy Jn DTDC Couriers, Kalamassery Cranes - Renting Cherayi Crane Service St.George Saw Mills, Cherai North Crockery Wholsale Dealer Garden Crockery, Broadway JNB Marketing, Jew Street Kottaram Trading Company Curtain & Furnishing WholSale Dealer Sunstar Furnishing (See our Advt Page 70 ) Curtains Mall,P.O.LinkRd (See our Advt Page 65) Dammies & Hangers Sree Krishna Hangers Mart (See our Advt Page 65) Sree Mahalakshmi Hangers Mart (See our Advt Page 57) Decorations & Dance Materials Crystal Collections Broadway Lane, Ekm Dishin Decoration,Broadway, Eccilisica, Broadway, Mather Squre Novelty, Mather Bazar, Broadway Line Rinku FancyStores, Broadway Prince Fancy Stores, Broadwayline (See our Advt Page 16) Duty Paid Shop A One Collection, Edappally, A One Fancy,. S.Ernakulam Paris Zoominn, Shanmugham Rd,PentaMenaka Penta Mobile & Dutypaids P.O Jn Electrical Appliances Dealers Anupma Electricals, Jews Street ArchanaElectricals,ClothBazarJn (See our Advt Page 3) Arafa Electricals, Ernakulam College Ravi Electrical, Muslim Street Capital For Lighting, Jew Street (See our Advt Page 58) Tammanam, Kochi Associated Engg. Corpn (p) Ltd Jew Street New Soldier Jew Street, (See our Advt Page 51) Godwin Lights, Jews Street (See our Advt Page 4 ) Image Electricals, Jew Street (See our Advt Page 47) R.R. Electricals, Jew Street (See our Advt Page 38) Light House, jew Street (See our Advt Page 81) Bombay Light Home, Jew Street (See our Advt Page 68) Baby Tom Electricals, Kaloor Benser Agencies, M.G Rd Bright Electricals, G Prabhu Rd Chambady Electricals, Edappally Coins, Ernakulam North Deepa Agencies, Chittoor Rd, Electric House, Mkt Rd Electrical Roatating Stms, Pallimuk Equipments Agencies, Ravipuram Ess Bee Traders, Palarivattom Everest Agencies, Kaloor Fine Light House, Cloth Bazar Friends Light House, Jew Street Honey Light House, Jew Street Hydro Tech Engg. Co. Kachaerippady-18, Kabel Lines, Ravipuram, Kastson Traders, Cochin Lamps & Light, Jewstreet Ekm Light House, Jews Street Liji Traders, Chittoor Rd Lokk Lite, T.D Rd Manju Electronics, Pallimukku Marikar Motors, Edappallay New Grand Electricals,Jew street New Mariya Electrical. Cheranelloor Ocean Electronics. Chittoor Rd Pamba agencies, Parur, Pamba Electricals, Vyttila Paulson Electricals, Chittor Rd Premier Electrics, Broadway Rachana, Electricals, Jew Street (See our Advt Page 28) Radiophones,Ernakulam College Rolex Marketing,Chittor Rd Sunder Marketing, Jews Street The Light, Kochi Uni Tech Associates (P)Ltd, Vyttila Union Light Emporium, Broadway

66 Veliath Electricals,Ayyappankavu Win Light House, Jew Street,Ekm Electric Swich gear G.H. Associates, Chittoor Rd Electro Plating Brite Electro Plating, Pallimukku Meena Electro Plating, Mamangalam Electronic Equipment & Supplies & Dealers Aiwa Electronics, Pallimukku A.V. Electronics, Pallimukku, Beena Trading Co., Broadway Bazar Ekm Classic Electronics, Pallimukku Ideal Electronics, pallimukku Electronics India, Pallimukku Geo Electronic Systems, Ravipuram Gem Agencies, Chittoor Rd, Ekm Globe Electricals Traders,Ekm J.K. Electronics, pallimukku Kings Broadway Nano systems, Pallimukku New Jabin Electronics, Pallimukku Pooja Electronics, pallimukku Prakash Electronics, pallimukku R.R.Electronics, pallimukku Royal Electronics, Pallimukku R X Electronics Centre, M G.Rd S.R. Electronics, pallimukku Sun Rise Tronics, Pallimukku Elevators-Mfrs. Contractors Supplies Classic Lifts, Kadavanthra, Kochi Falcon Elevators, Edappally Toll, Kochi Schindler India Pvt Ltd, Banerji Rd, Cochin Engineering Works Coimbatore Engineering works, Combara R D.Hardwares, Panampilly Nagar St. Joseph Industries, Palarivattom Entrance Brillant Tutorials, Ravipuram, Ekm Carrier Launcher, Ernakulam Naipuniya Academy, Kaloor, Ekm T.I.M.E. Kacheripady,Ekm False Ceiling/ Partition Boards A To False Celiling System, MS Ali Rd Carmel Agencies, palarivattom, Kochi Fire & safety Equipments Damodar Pipes & Fittings, Deep Tech Fire Systems, Chittoor Rd,Ekm Prefire Solution, Palarivattom, Kochi Usha Fire safety Equipments (P) Ltd, Kakkanad Universal Enterprises, NH. By Pass Edappally Cochin Fire Tech India Pvt. Ltd Ekm Firex Solutions & Traders, Ekm Fishing Materials Nirmala Trading Company, Jews Street.Ekm Fire Works AAR Traders, Jews Street Burma Fire Works, Mkt Rd New Cochin Syndicate, Ekm Domodar, Cochin Harris Nylons, Jews Street M.S.Nylons,Jews Street, Ekm Net lines, Ekm Usha Nylons, Muslim Street Flex Printing Sign World, paramara Rd Royal Sign, High Court Jn Flower Mart Fashion Flower Mart, Jews Street Foot Wears Alies Foot Wear, Basin Rd, Ekm New Kerala Foot Wear, Basin Rd Royal Foot Wear, Basin Rd, Ekm Furniture - Dealers A.K Habeeb, Jew Street A.K kochunny Son, Jews Street, Deluxe Furniture, Banerji Rd L.M.S Enterprises, Kakkanad, Paul & Sons-Woodesigns India Winstyle International, Providance rd, Gas Stove Dealers, service & Spares 66

67 Excellent Traders, Jewstreet (See our Advt Page 66) Hindhustan Enterprises,Ekm (See our Advt Page 66) Kingni Stove Centre, N.Paravur Magnum Appliances, Jewstreet Panakkal Light Empoirum Wilson Agencies Broadway, Laksmi HP, Basil Stove Centre KSRTC road General Merchandise-Whsle Kumarppilly Enterprises, Cochin Generators Commercial & Industrial Modern Service, Combara, market Rd Powermech, Ekm Premier Diesels Atlantis Jn The Poweron Diesel Services, Kochi Gift shops & Greeting Cards Angel Gift Articles,Broadway Archies galary, Convent Jn Bharath Gift, Broadway lane Broadway Collections, Ernakulam Century Gifts, Ernakulam College Cherin Jolly, Manorama Jn Classic Gift & plastic, Marine Drive Crescent Gift House, Ernakulam Empire Gifts, Shanmugham Rd Fine Selection, Ernakulam College Garden fancy Stores, Ernakulam Gift Land Broadway, Howva Gift House, Edappally Josco Gift House, Jew Street Kerala Gift House, Marine Drive Kochi Gift Emporium, Mattancherry Madonna Emporium,Broadway Mar Louis, Broadway MemoryCards, Ekm New Style Gifts, Broadway New Christian World, Broadway, New Century Gift House, Jews street Paicos, M.G Rd Premier Companies Margin Free Markets, Palarivattom Rohini Marketing, Broadway, Seasons Gift Centre, Ekm St.Antony s, Broadway,Ekm Surya Agencies, Jew Street Swastic Agencies, Jew Street Toy Land, Mather Bazar, BroadwayLane Twinkle Gifts, Ernakulam Union Varity Stores, Ernakulam -35., Variety Gift House, Jew Street Glass & Plywoods Devsn & Co M.C Rd Kuzhimattathil Glass & Plywoods P P Rd Hardware Wholesale A.K Krishna Bhatt, Cloth Bazar Rd, Cheeran s Hardware Mart, Mkt Rd Cochin Hardware, Cloth bazar Rd Classic Hardware, ClothBazar, Rd Gosris Hardware, Bazar Rd, (See our Advt Page 31) Hardware Point, Jews street, Hardware House, Jews street,kochi (See our Advt Page 50) I.M. Agencies, Muslim street, Ekm Indian Hardware Stores, T.D Rd Indira Traders, Near TD Temple Jain wire Netting Corporation, Padivattom Ramraj Enterprises, T.D Rd, Ekm Sree Balaji, Market Rd Teepee Hardware, CB Rd Waidhyuthi, T.D.Rd.Ekm Health Club Equipment Ephata Speech & Hearing Centre, Home Appliances. Blue Star Light House,Kochi Pooja Home Appliances,Jews street Pynadath Agencies, Vanitha, Ayyappankavu Hotels Archana Residancy, Munnar (See our Advt Page 2) Hydraulic Hoses Actrade Corporation Indus Trade Links, Arangath Rd Ice cream Raw Materials Viveka Essences Mart, TD West Rd Hydraulic Hoses Actrade Corporation Indus Trade Links, Arangath Rd Ice Cream Raw Materials 67

68 68

69 Viveka Essences Mart, Td West Rd Insulation Material-Electric B & Co., Muslim Street, Ekm Instrumentation A C Trade Corporation, T.D.Road, Ekm Interior Decorators Bethel Interiors, Chambakkara Carmel Agencies, Palarivattom Concord Enterprises, Ravipuram, Gee Tee Trading Company, University Rd,Kochi Inverter Alpha Zee Control & System,EKM Beacon Power,EKM Iron & Steel Merchants Bombay Trading Company, Jew Street George & Co, Jews Street Jay Jay Pipes, Edappally Parakkat Traders, Edapally Popular Metals, T.D. West Rd P.H.Metals, Mkt Rd The Bombay Trading Co.Jews Street Union Trading Co., Jews Street, Ekm Kaloor Steels Jewellers Alappat Arcade,MG Road,EKM Alappatt FashionJewellery.EKM Bhima Jewellery,EKM City Jewel Centre Josco Fashion Jewellery, M.G. Road Joy Alukass Jewellery.EKM Vanitha Jewellery, EKM Jewellery Imitation Wholesale Crystal Collection, Broadway Lane Ekm Desings Jewellery, Broadway Lane Ekm Megha Jewellers, Broadway, Ekm Rinku Fancy Stores, Broadway Lane, Ekm T.K. Fancy Stores, Broadway Lane, Ekm Kitchen Cabinets & Equipment Classic Trade Links, Kochi Enjay Steel House,Broadway Ekm Shree Kitcheners, Pathadipalam Lace Emporium Asian Lace Emporium Mater Bazar Cochin Lace House, Mater Bazar Ecclisea Lace Emporium, Mather Bazar Ladies Stores Crystal Collections, Broadway Lane Ekm Designs Jewllery, Broadway Lane Ekm Rinku Fancy Stores, Broadway Lane Ekm Top Fancy, Broadway Ekm Novelty Ladies Stores, Mather Bazar Orange Lifts Thyssen Krup Elevator (India) Express Elevators Pvt. Ltd., Light & Sound CAK Sound, Kalamassery S S Sound, Near TD Temple Lodges Broadway Lodge, Broadway Manjooran M.P.P.S.Lodges, Kovilvattom Rd Modern Guest House, Market Rd Tilak Rest House, I.S. Press Road Luggage-Whsle & Mfrs Alfa Collections, Convent Jn Angel Bags,Pullepady, Kochi CVK Bags,Jew Street Mas Bag Bazar, JewStreet Machinery Balaji Mill Stores, Cloth Bazar Prince Engineering Co., Vjblm Ramesh & Co, Mkt Rd Tooling Systems India Pvt. Ltd. Rprm Venus Machine Tools Co., Vjblm Kesava Engineering, Kalamassery Manpower Jeeva Manpower Consultancy Executive Jobs, Kochi Marble Dealers & Granites Chaithanya Granites & Marbles, Edapally Choudharay,Vyttila Chodhary GraniteTraders, Edappaly Commercial Marbles, Edapally Granite Centre, Chakkarapparambu Hindustan Granite, Vennala Jai Ambey Granites, Edappally Krishna Marbles, Edapally KwalityMarbles,Palariv Marble Centre, Palarivatoom Marble Craft, Anchumana MOBILE PHONE CUSTOMER SERVICES AIRTEL Postpaidconnection AIRTEL - Prepaid connection CELLONE IDEA Post paid connection IDEA Prepaid connection TATAindicomCustomer Care VODAFONE Mobile Phone Sales & Service Alif Communication, Penta Menaka Cell House, Cell Zone, G..C.D.A. Marine Drive Cellular World, Penta Menaka Electro World Penta Menak First Mobiles, Penta Menaka Foretime, G.C.D.A., Marine Drive Fone City, G.C.D.A. Marine Drive Galaxy Mobiles, Penta Menaka Glob Star, M.G. Road Mobile Plaza, G.C.D.A, Marine Drive MobileVoice, Penta Menaka , Mobile Zone, Aluva Neo Mobiles,Penta Menaka New Cellular Vision, Penta Menaka New Mobile Corner, G.C.D.A. Maraine Drive

70 New Zoom Mobiles,Penta Menaka Nextel, G.C.D.A., Mrine Drive New Penta Mobile,Penta Menaka Musical Academy Sangeeth Musics, Kochi National Academy of Music, Ravipuram Musical Instruments National Academy of Music, Rprm Sankara Wood Crafts, Kalady Singnera Neon, EroorPO.Vyttila,Cochin New Born Baby Items Daliya Plastics,Market Rd Chiku s Market Road New Rekhas,Market Road Office Staionery A.S.Paper Mart, Broadway A one paper Mart, Jew Street Ekm Saroja Stationary Mart, Jew Street St. Francis De Sales press, Broadway Opticals Optitech, Lisi Jn Shiv Opticals, Jew Street VithayathilOpticals,MGRd, Cochin View Plus Jew Street., (See our Advt Page 32) Optical Goods-Whsle & Mfrs Fashion Opticals, Jews Street Laly Stores, Bazar Rd Linda Opticals, Cochin Opticana Scientific Traders, Td Rd Packaging Materials. Polymer Packs, Moolamkuzhi Popular Packaging, Kacheripady Prefect cartons, Kaitharam Premier cartons, St. Benedict Rd Polymer Packs Moolamkuzhi Popular Packaging, Kacheripady Premier cartons, St.Bendict Rd Regal Stores. Jews Street, Ekm Packers & Movers ABT Parcel Service, Aluva Agarwal Packers & Movers Caravan Cargo Movers&Packers,Ekm Chennai Packers Movers,Cochin C.T.S Packers & Movers, M.K.B.Rd Paint Dealers Chamany Brothers,Kochi Evershine Agencies,Bji rd, Gosris hardwares, Cloth Bazar Rd,Ekm Kerala Traders,Jew Street Raghav,Jews Street, Ekm Ramakrishna Enterprises, Cherai Wilson Brush Industries, Jews Street Asian Color Plus, N.Paravur Balaji Hardwares, Varapuzha Paint-Mftrs & Distrs Colour India Paints & Inks Pvt.Ltd.Aluva Everlac Paints & Chemicals Ero Paints,Angamaly Master Agencies, Kochi New India Panits (P) Ltd, Chathangattu, Palarivattom Opatex, Mamangalam, Kochi Surose Primer & Varnishes Aluva Paper Dealers A One Paper Mart, Jew Street Arvind Industries, Kochi Friends Paper Mart, Broadway (See our Advt Page 67) Laxman Combine, Santhosh Lane Maria Agencies, Kovilvattom Rd Mamatha Trade Links, Basin Rd, New Paper King, Shanmugham Rd New Vijaya, Broadway (See our Advt Page 67) Sree Ram Agencies,Broadway Ekm Vishal Paper & Boards, Ernakulam Saroja Stationary Mart, JewStreet Sree Ganapathi Agency, Pullepady Vasantha Corporation, Broadway Visual Paper and Bond Arangath Rd Parcel Services ATC Parcel Service , AAR Roadlines & Transport Wings Cargo Management (P) Ltd, , Amar Transport Co Amit Cargo Carriers , Amit Transport Corporation , Assam kerala Roadways (CAL) , Associated Road Carners Ltd Bajaj parwahan Pluj Baharat Roadways , BLR India Pvt. Ltd , Caravan Goods Carriers (P) Ltd Central Transport Service , Century Transport of India

71 Cochin Express , Cochin Roadlines (Regd) Express Roadways (P). Corpn , Fast And Safe Transport Pvt.Ltd , Kerala Roadways (P) Ltd , Kerala Transport Co , Kerala Transport Services, , Maharashtra Rd carriers Ltd Patel Roadways, Ltd, , Pardha Deals Noor Pardha, Market Rd Parvin General Trading Co.Ltd,Ekm Sinva Pardhas P.O. Link Rd (See our Advt Page 69) Sumi Pardha Centre Pullupallam Rd Pest Control Services Apcon Pest control Co. Maradu Bigico, Mahalashmi, Blr K.K Hameed & Company, Perumbavoor Pest O Flash Azad Rd. Kaloor, Kochi PestolinePestControlServices Pipes Bharath Pipes, Jews Street Jayaraj Pipes,EKM Fajir Pipes Pipe House, Jew Street Pipes N Tubes, Kochi Sreevatsa Tube Corporation, TD RD Shankara pipes,ekm Travancore Polymers Pvt.Ltd, A.R. Enterprises, TD Rd Asrani Tubes Ltd., TD Road Carrier Pipes & Tubes (P) Ltd Bharath Pipes, Jew Street Jiji Enterprises, Market Road Pipes India, T.D. Road Mittal Sanitary Fittings, T.D. Rd Peejo Traders, Mkt Rd Pipe House, Ekm Prakash Metal & Pipes (See our Advt Page 69) Pulinal Marketing, Near T.D. Temple, Ekm Southern Distributors, Jew Street, Ekm Damodar Pipes & Fittings, TD Rd (See Our Colour Advt 19) Fluid Line, Engineering Home, G.P. Rd Jane Sanitation,Kochi Jk Piling Corporation, MGRd, Ekm Jvm Associates,Gandhi Nadar, Kochi Mittal Sanitary Fittings, TD Rd Pipe House, Jews Street Pile Founadation, Edappally, Kochi Reliant Sanitary Wares, Td Rd Sanitary Fittings, Jews Street Steels India, Jew Street Smitha Sanitary, Mkt Rd The Supreme Inds.Ltd, Convent Jn Uniglobe, Edappally, Cochin , Vajra Plastics, Aluva Vasudev Agencies, TD East A V Bhatt.Kochi Central Steel Tube Co., T.D. Rd Mercury Enterprises, TDRd, Kochi Industrial Distributors & Agencies, Kochi Industrial Pipe Centre,T.D. Road Sparry Polymers, Kodanad Star Plast, Aluva West India Plastics, Broadway Plastic PVC Pipes Mfrs Akson Industries, Kalady Diya Polymers, Aluva Josco Plastics, Angamali Femi Plast, Aluva Festo PVC Pipes, Kalady Kavil Industries, Aluva Kevin PVC Pipes, Pachalam Meendra PVC Pipes, Aluva Shell Pipes, Aluva Span Wirings Pipes Travancore Polmers (P) Ltd , Plywood Dealers Abson Ply & Board, Pulluvazhi Aja Associates, Manikath Rd Amal Plywood, Keezhilam Anna Agencies, Puthenpally Assam Ply Boards, Allapara Best Ply, Palarivattom Century Laminating Co Ltd, Providence Road Das & Co., Broadway Delta Plywoods & Boards Everest Plywoods, Rayonpuram Golden Timbers, Perumbavoor Kapb Sons India Plywoods Kitply Inds., Pulleppady axmi Plywoods, Palarivattom Mampilly Plywoods Inds., Mudickal Nesco Veeners, Mannam Oriental Class & Plywoods, Kochi Periyar Plywoods, Mudickal Prestige Plywood inds. Pvt.Ltd Sree Krishna Agencies, Kochi

72 Sree lakshmi Plywoods, Kathrikadv Traders India, Providence Rd Uni Agencies, Providence Rd Vijayan Inc, Ravipuram Wood Bank, Ekm M.S. Nylons Jew Street Net Lines, Muslim Street Rawther, Broadway Nylon Mart, Jews Street Rubber Products Amala Sailes,Kadavanthra Coral Connections, Broadway Gijas Rubbers, Edayar, Ernakulam Mohan s Polymer Stamp Works, Vblm Omega Rubber & Engineering, Kumbalanghi S.R. Polygraph, Kochi Twinco rubber Stamps, Palarivattom Rubber Stamp & Pre-Inked Mfs Allen Creations, Vyttila Anns Communication, Ernakulam Markwell, Convent Jn Mohans Polymer Stamp Works& Key duplicating Valanjambalam Twinco Stamps, Beneath P.O, Pltm A1 Common Self Inking & Pre Inked seals KatrikadavuJn David Rubber Stamp Works Gopalakrishna Printing Works, TD Road Hari Print Systems, Ernakulam North Joson Traders, Ernakulam North Letter Park, Palarivattom Presto Stamps R.A.K.Rd, Kol Rahul Enterprises, Mattanchery Rubber Board Office, Willington Island S.R.Polygraphs, St. Benedict Road Sebee Crafts, Ravipuram Smart Stamp, Kadavantra Sanitary Wares Kailasam Street, Chennai Eminent Composites Pvt Ltd, Kalamasserry Silver Stream Polymers, Binanipuram Watertech Systems (I) Pvt Ltd, A2Z Group of Concerns, PT Usha Road Ayrookuzhiyil Stores, Vazhakkala Construction Stores, Kaloor Joseph Purakkatt & Sons, Vyttila Mather Brothers, Market road Southern Distributers,Jew Street Tropical Traders, PT Usha Road Valiyara Hardwares, Edappally Appollo Sanitary wares, Palarivattom Asbetos Suppliers & Contractors Cochin Sanitary Stores, TD Road Ebenezer Agencies, Kadavantra Hsil Hindustan Sanitary Ware Indl Ltd, Jane Sanitation, Providence Road Jane Sanitations, Providence Road Jaquar Marcantile, Palarivattom K.K.Abdul Kareem & Sons, Thoppumpady Kadaviparambil Traders, Thoppumpady Kazhunilathil Agencies, Kolenchery Kunnal Sales Corpn., Ernakulam College MR Lawrence & Sons, Karuvelipady Madasserry Traders, Kalloor Mar Basil Traders, Puthencruz Meera Electrical & Sanitarty Wares, Mittal Sanitary fittings, TD Road National Metal & Pipes, Ernakulam Ngk Hardwares, Tripunithura Padath Sanitary Ware, Kolenchery Parackal Hardwares, Narakkal Pathiyara Sanitaries & Tiles,Parur Pee Kay Tile Centre, Edappally Premier Sanitary, Parur Shenoy Sanitary & Hardwares, Parur Sona Sanitrades, Pulleppady Sree Venkateswara Agencies Sree Vekadeswara, Cherai Super Electricals, Thoppumpady Thalakkatt Traders, Muppathadam Thottungal Agencies, Aluva United Hardwares & Sanitary, Aluva Universal Sanitary House, Jew Street V.V.Sanitations, Kolenchery Vrindavan Sanitary Wares, Aluva Zion Tile & Sanitaries, Koonammavu ASM Sanitarywares, Aluva Kattees Hardwares, Varapuzha Menachery Hardwares, Malipuram Modern Sanitary Wares, Palarivatto Manakki Sanitary Wares, N.Parur National Metal & Pipes, G.P.Rd Raghav Enterprises, T.D. Rd (See our Advt Page 52) Prakash Metal & Pipes Sree Nivasa Mallan Rd Raghav Enterprises, TD Rd Reliant Sanitary Bazar, T.D Rd Sanitary Fittings, Jew Street Southern Distributers., Jew Street Smitha Sanitary Wares, Mkt Rd Shreejee Traders, C.P. Ummer Rd Sharma T.D.Road.EKM Star Sanitations, Market Rd Universal Sanitary House, Jew Street Vasudev ENterprises, T.D. West Rd Vismaya Ceramics, Moothakunnam Scrap Metals P.K. Abdul Kareem, Palarivattom Suvarna Metals, Mudikal Mini Metal Traders,Thamarassery Rd Security Control Equipment & Supplies Bharath Industries, Cherai Sincere Security, Palarivttom Tiger Security Vivekanada Security& Placement Service Safes & Security Systems Infoniks Systems Pvt Ltd, Kadavanthra Infra Vision, Thamaraparambu Rd, Cochi Security Services Akhil Securities,KSRTC BusStand Ex-Servicemen IdealSecurity Agencies, Edappally, Kochi City Lock, Vypin Gorkha Security Pilot Security, Aluva Ravenbeck, Vyttila PO Sumac Security Services,Kochi Rsk Group Guardmark, Panampilly Nagar Sincer Security, Palarivattom Tiger Security Force, S. Kalamassery Vivekanada Security & Placement Service Sweving Machine Devi Agencies, Perumanoor Industrial Sewing Syndicate, Vyttila K.C. Pappu & Sons, M.G.Rd Rufer Enterprises, Cloth Bazar Rd Shalon Agencies, Edapplly, Kochi T.C.unni Agencies (Machine House)Thrissur Ship Companies/AgenciesGolden Card Service, Kizhavana Rd, P.Nagar Signs Materials Asiana Digital Signs, Pullepady Elite Plastics Co., Chitoor Rd, Valajabalam

73 Shinex, Kaloor Sign $ Display,Paramara Road.EKM Slotted Angle Materials Maharaja Stickers,K.C.M.Mather Rd Sabeer Industries, Pachalam, Kochi Solar Energy Equipments Andyodaya, Angamaly Alpha Zee Sysetems, Kadavanthra, Kochi Electro Systems, ByePassJn, Aluva Mos Systems & Control, Kaloor, Kochi Stainless Steel Bhagyoday Metals, G Prabhu Rd Enjay Steel House, Bdway Mubarak Metals, Jews Street M.Babulal, Mumbai S.D.Metals, Td Rd Shakti Metal Depot.., Cloth Bazar Shree Ramdev Steel (India), Mumbai Swastik Metal Agencies, T.D. West Road United Metal, Mkt Rd Venkatesh Alloy & Steels (See our Advt Page 71) Stabilizers Albite Systems C.P. Ummer Rd Orion Stablizers, Kaloor Star Stabilizers, Aluva Stationery Abacus, Providence Plaza, Providence Rd Baby Stationery, Jews Street Bombay Stationery Brother s Stationery Geo Enterprises, Jews Street Kings Stationery, Broadway Line Mumbai Stationery, Jews Street PEE VEE Stores, Basin Rd Plus One Agencies, Ekm Storage Tanks-Cement/Plastic/Metal/GEneral Carris Pipes Tubes (Pvt) Ltd, Koovappady, Cochi Lf Industries, Vaduthala, Kochi Miltone Enterprises, Muslim Street Nath Spun Pipes,Pullappady Studio Bhavana Studio, Njarakkal Flashy Studio, Kaloor Gayathri, Cherai Imperial Photos, Paramamara Rd K.J. Studio, Kandakkadavu Penta Media, Bdway Photo Care Laminators, Aluva Rugma Studio, Elamkunnapuzha Suit Sales & Rent BritishSuit gallerry Swimming Pools Aquarius Engineering Company, Calicut Envirommental Solutions, Aluva Trios Engineering Corporation,Kochi Tailoring Materials Asian Trading Co.Mather Bazar Cochin Lace House, Broadway Lane Metro Agencies, Edappally Star Agencies, Mather Bazar, Ekm Threads, Edapally Telecommunication Equipment-Maintenance City Telecom, Broadway Telecommunication Equipment & Supplies A C M Communications, EKM South Electro Systems, Always Faxtel Systems Pvt. Ltd, Kacheripady Frontline Systems,South Bridge Smart Line Communications, Thevera United Systems & Service, P. Nagar United Technologies, North Textile Wholesalers & Garment Readymade Wholesalers ABC Fassions Mrkt Rd A D Fashion, G Prabhu Rd A J Shirts, Mkt Road A.K.Collection, Market Rd A.K.Selection, Mkt Rd A.K Sons Markt Rd Ekm Ambika Textiles, Mkt Rd Amba Garments, G.P. Road (See our Advt Page 30) Aneesh, Garments, P.O.Link Rd

74 (See our Advt Page 61) Designer P.O link Rd, (See our Advt Page 73) Asna Collections, Mkt Rd A.V. Traders, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 77) N Style,.Market Rd (See our Advt Page 77 ) Jasmin Fashion, P.O.Link Rd (See our Advt Page 76) Vithayathil Sales Corporation P.O Link Rd (See our Advt Page 21) Bansi Collection, G.Prabhu Rd Bhadhra Textiles, Cloth Bazar Road Bharath Garments P.O, Link Road Big Deal Marketing Bombay Fancy Agencies, Mkt Rd Beena Agencies, Mkt Rd Cochin Garments, Mkt Rd Cochin House, Broadway Chanitanya Enterprises Trends Garments. P.O Link Rd (See our Advt Page 27) City Garments.Cottonline, Mkt Td Yas Garments. G.P Rd (See our Advt Page 70 ) Creative Marketing group Cotton Shop, Mkt Rd Ryan Marketing,T.D Rd (See our Advt Page 82) Designer, P.O. Link Road (See our Advt Page 73) Durga Textiles, Mkt Rd Dress Land, market Road Eagle Garments, G.Prabhu Rd (See our Advt Page 42 ) Empaire Selection,Market ROAD Evics, G.P. Road Fashion Club Mkt Rd Fashion Fabrics, Ekm Fashion Factory Mrkt Rd Fashion Track, Mkt Rd Fcoms.Tex.Market rd (See our Advt Page 76) Ganapathy Bhagyam TExtiles, Ekm Green Land Po.Link Rd Honesty Press Club road Hanshu Textiles,G.P.Road Image Tex, Gopalaprabhu Rd In Fashion,Chittoor ROAD J.J. Brothers, P.O., Link Road J.P Collections GP RD Just Look,Market Rd J B Fabrics, G Prabhu Rd J.P Garments,Market RD Kanhaiya Fab Gopalaprabhu Rd K.B. Garments, Mkt Rd KNG Silks And Sarees, Kombara K.N.T.& Sons,Market RD Khalid Saree, Mkt Rd Kwality Associates, G.P. Rd Kwality Enterprises, G Prabhu Rd Libas Garments, Broadway Liberty Enterprises, G Prabhu Rd Limras Garments, Mkt Rd Lovely Collections (See our Advt Page 79 ) Lulu Garments Mrkt Road (See our Advt Page 72 ) Maharaja Garments, G Prabhu Rd (See our Advt Page 81 ) Mahavir Texorium Maharani Creations, G.P Rd (See our Advt Page 77 ) Majeesa Traders Mrkt Road (See our Advt Page 34) M.N. Fashions, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 43) Mass Traders, Mkt Rd Mas Textiles, P.O., Link Road Megha Garments, G Prabhu Rd M.H. Garments, Market Rd Men zone,p.o.link Rd Deepak Garments,Merchant Rd (See our Advt Page 47) M.N.S. Textiles, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 74 ) Surabhi Tex, Market Rd (See our Advt Page 76) Mohanas, G.P. Rd Mother Land Collections, Press Club Rd Zaina Fashion, Market Rd (See our Advt Page 15) Mumbai Prints,P.O.Link RD (See our Advt Page 25) Rado Collections, Market Rd, (See our Advt Page 78) Mumbai Cotton Mills Po. Link Rd Nandini Garments, Mkt Rd Navabarath Textile, Mkt Rd NOB jeans, Market Rd, (See our Advt Page 69) Navajothi Garments P.O Link Rd Jai Bhawani Garments, Market Rd, (See our Advt Page 76) Nefsin, Mkt Rd Neelam Traders, G Prabhu Rd New Amar Dresses New Jeans Collection, Mkt Rd Lens Man Marketing, Marketing Market R (See our Advt Page 35) New Fashion Markt Road Roops. Press Club Rd (See our Advt Page 76) New Limaras Garments New Rekhas, Kochi New Traders Mkt Rd Nice Fashions, Mkt Rd N.S Traders, G.P.Rd (See our Advt Page 41 ) Padmaraj Textiles, Broadway Parimal Textiles G.P Road Paros Enterprises Mrkt Road Perfect Sarees GP Rd Perfect Sarees, Mkt Rd Peacock Textiles, Mkt Rd

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79 Peacock Textiles, Mkt Rd Pooja Fashions, Mkt Rd, P.M.G.Textiles,Broadway Plus Point. Market Rd, (See our Advt Page 77 ) Puja Garments, G Prabhu Rd Parag COllections, Mkt Rd Mass Traders. Market Rd (See our Advt Page 77) Play marketing GP Road Premier Textiles, PO Link Rd Print Line, DD Vastra Mahal Priyanka Fashion, Mkt Rd Raise N Raise, Kurumassery Rahmans Traders,PO Radhakrishna Textiles, Mkt Rd Rajadhani Fashions, Market Road (See our Advt Page 53) R1 DD bazar(see Our Colour Advt) Rajdeep Collections Market Road Rajaram Garments (See our Advt Page 37) Relax Apparels, Market Rd Rajshree Garments,.Market Rd (See our Advt Page 44) Rajlaksmi Collection, (See our Advt Page 45) Rock n Roll, DD Vastra Mahal Rohini Collections, Market Road Ruby Garments, Market Rd (See our Advt Page 77) R- One Shirts D. D Bazar S.S. Fashions, G.P. Road (See our Advt Page 11 ) Sajna Garments P.O link Road Shree Ramdev Collection, Market Road Stuff Trends DD Vastramahal Sri Karni Collections DD Bazar Shre Bhagavati Fabrics Shri Ambaji Fassions D.D Vastrmahal (See our Advt Page 61) Shri Krishna Fashion (See our Advt Page 76) Siddharth Markt Road Shivsakti Garments DD Bazar Sharath Market Road Shre Mahalakhsmi Garments DD Bazar Sinva Pardha POlink Rd Sion Garments Sanjay Textiles, Market Rd Sanas Colletion, Mkt Rd Sankara Narayana Lyer Bros, Ekm Sapna Textiles, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 80) Sajna Gearments, P.O. Link Rd S.B. Garments, Mkt Rd Sha & Company, Broadway Shalimar Fashions, G Prabhu Rd Sree Balaji Textiles, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page 76) Sri Devi Krupa Textiles, Market Road Shifa Saree Centre, G.P.Rd Sree Nakoda Bharav,P.O.Link Rd Shreyas, Mkt Rd Sri Karni Collections, G. P. Road Sree Venkstesa Textiles, Mkt Rd Sugam, International Mkt Rd Sudarsan Enterprises,TeresaLane,Ernakulam Surabhi Textiles, Mkt Rd Swapna Sale Corporatoin Textile Agency, Broadway TeX Dream PO Link RD Thara s Traders, G Prabhu Rd Tonart International PO Link Rd TOP Collection DD Vastramahal Tulsi Fab tex GP Road Kerala Collection. Market Rd (See our Advt Page 39 ) United Textiles, Broadway Urban Dominance Varun Collections, Mkt Rd Vijaya shree Collections D.D TexWorld Vinod Collections, Mkt Rd Vishnu Collections Mrkt Road

80 Vismaya Fashions P.O Link Road Virus Marketing G.P Road VG Fashions Mkt Rd Victory Pius, Mkt Rd Vithaythil Sales Corp P.O Road J.P Garments, Market rd (See our Advt Page 78 ) Yaseen Garments, Broadway Holy Family Traders Po.Link Rd Jyothi Textiles, G.P Rd, (See our Advt Page 79) Tirupathi Fashion, Market Road The Jay shree internatinal, G.P.Rd (See our Advt Page 33) Textiles & Readymades-Retail Astha kala, convent rd Astha kala, convent rd Arun Fashions, tripunithara Akaangshu tripunithara Akshaya Silks tripunithara Aaliya silks, tripunithara Ambadi, tripunithara Ambat, tripunithara Benzer tripunithara Blouse material,m G Rd Bhandra ekm tripunithara Bisna Bisni koothattukulam City Hall, Broadway Cochin House, Broadway Charutha Silks&Readymades Darsana, Tripunithara Lovety Collections, Market Rd (See our Advt Page...) Dupattas, convent rd Fashion club, ekm Fashion Hut Fashion club, ekm Gardens stores,ekm

81 Vivek Sales Corporation, Kochi Cochin Sanitary Stores, T.D. Rd, Ekm Ernakulam India Tourism Office-WDI KTDC Ernakulam Sports Lakshadweep Tourism Tours & Travels Attic Tourist &Travels,Kaloor, Ekm Broadway Travels, Ekm North Cotagiri Travels, Kaloor Delta Taxies, TDRd, Kochi Jay Jay Travels, Lissie Jn Kerala Luxury Tourism, Thevara Kerala Holiday Mart, SreeKanthRd, Kochi My Destination, Raipuram, Kochi Princy Tours & Travels, Vyttila, Kochi Rental Wheels Alappat Rd Tourist Land Tours & Travels, Ekm South Thara travels,edpally North Smitha Taxi, M.G.Road SK Tours & Travels, Kadavantra, Ekm Valiyaveetil Travels, Pullepady Vigneswara Tours & Travels, Edappally Venkateswara Travels, T.D. West Road Vysakh Travels, Palarivattom Yes Jay Travels, Palliyil Lane WIN Travels,JEWS street Tourists Homes Broadway Tower, T.D. West Rd., Ekm Haramain Tourist Home, Mkt Rd (See our Advt Page...) Kerishna Vihar, T.D. West Rd, Ekm Miltone Guest House, Muslim Street Top Form, Marketed Rd Tourist Information Tourist Planel, Press Club Rd God Own Tours Travels, Ekm Uae Exchange & Financial Service Ltd, Tourist & Travels TicketingAgents-Rail/Road, Air Delta Taxies, Td Rd, Kochi Green Channel Air Travel & Tours, Riya Travel & Tours (India) Pvt, Ltd, Kochi Toys-Whsle Best Fancy Stores Jews Street Famous Toys Corp.,Broadway Grace Toys, Jew Street United Sales, Broadway Toy Land, Mather Bazar Playmate,Jews Street Poineer Toys, Muzlim Street Sree Rajaram Traders, Jew Street Star Trading Corp.,Broadway Tools Akrishna Bhat, Cloth Bazar Balaji Ram, TD West (See our Advt Page 80) DV Pai, Fasteners & Exporters Pvt Ltd Evergreen Tool & Marine Stores, Ekm OM Metal Corporation, T.D, West Manayil Marketing,T.D.Road S R Distributors (P) Ltd, West Rd West Coast Enterprises, Basin Rd., Ekm Transport Ac Group of companies palarivattom AKC Traders, Lissie Hospital Road Arun Selvan Logistics, Elamakkara Allianz Transport, Arangath Rd Benzy Transport Corpn, TD Road Bon Cargo,Bristow Road Central Transport Service, Ekm CTS Transport Service CTS Packers & Movers Central Speed Cargo, Edapally CTA Logistics Ltd, Market Road Dixons Cargo Consolidators (P) Ltd, Island Ensign Shipping & Logistics, Thevara Galilee Travel & Cargo Agency (P) Ltd GMS Express (P) Ltd, St. Vincent Road I.P.C.Logistics, St.Alberts College Lane,Ekm Jayem Agencies, Ernakulam North K.K.N Travels & Express Cargo Ernakulam Kerala Roadways (P) Ltd Ernakulam Kerala Roadways Ltd., TD Rd Omshanthi, Banerji Road Omega Roadlines, Pulleppady Rajastan Golden Transport Co, Edappally Sugam Parivahan Limited, Kochi Vikrant Roadlines, Ernakulam Western Bag & Leather House, Zodiac Advertisers, Kadavanthra Upholstery Materials Chennat Furnishing, Palluruthy Crescent Enterprises, Kovilavattom Rd Plastic Bazar, Press Club Rd Rajan Associates, Bazin Rd Uniform Suppliers Sudarsan Enterprises,TeresaLane, Ernakulam U=Albite Systems, Kochi Alpha Zee Systems, Kadavanthra, Kochi Crown Electronics, Kaloor, Kochi

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