PRIVATE PILOT AIRPLANE SINGLE ENGINE LAND

Transcription

1 PRIVATE PILOT AIRPLANE SINGLE ENGINE LAND Part 61: Training Syllabus and Course Guide Student Name: Previous Hours: Copyright 2016 : Rev. 3 Aaron M. Harrington CFI, CFII, Ground Instructor (443) aharrin1@gmail.com I P a g e

2 Contents 1. Part 61 Private Pilot Training Syllabus Requirements for Private Pilot Certificate Flight Training Solo Flight Private Pilot Ground School Aeronautical Knowledge Test Endorsement Stages of Private Pilot Training Pre-solo Phase Cross Country Phase Checkride Preparation Stage Checks Your Training Aircraft Lesson Plans Pre-solo Phase... 6 Lesson 1 Introduction to Flight... 6 Lesson 2 Flight Fundamentals... 7 Lesson 3 Flight Instruments... 8 Lesson 4 Ground Reference Maneuvers... 9 Lesson 5 Slow Flight and Stalls Lesson 6 Emergency Procedures Lesson 7 Takeoffs and Landings Lesson 8 Crosswind Takeoffs and Landings Lesson 9 Short and Soft Field Takeoffs and Landings Lesson 10 Pre-solo Stage Check Lesson 11 First Solo Flight Lesson 12 Basic Navigation and Supervised Solo Lesson 13 Solo Flight to Another Airport Lesson 14 Towered Airport Operations Lesson 15 Night Flying (Flight Lesson) Lesson 15 Night Flying (Ground Lesson) Lesson Plans Cross Country Phase Introduction To Cross Country Flight Planning Step 1 Weight and Balance Step 2 Plot Your Proposed Course Step 3 Obtain Weather Briefing Step 4 Calculations in the NAV-LOG II P a g e

3 Step 5 Airport Information Lesson 16 First Dual Cross Country Flight Lesson 17 Dual Night Cross Country Lesson 18 First Solo Cross Country Lesson 19 Instrument Flying Lesson 20 Solo Cross Country Flight to Unfamiliar Airport Lesson 21 Long Cross Country Flight Checkride Preparation Phase Flight Maneuvers Skill Preparation Aeronautical Knowledge Preparation Training Tracker Appendix I Pre-solo Written Test Appendix II VFR Cross Country Planner Appendix III Towered Airport Operations Checklist Appendix IV Student s Guide to Airspace Cessna Skycatcher Cessna 172S Skyhawk Appendix VI Student and Private Pilot Endorsemen III P a g e

4 1. Part 61 Private Pilot Training Syllabus This training syllabus is to assist the instructor and student in ensuring that training goals are met: 1) Without missing elements required in the ACS 2) Completely and within a reasonable amount of time logged 3) So as to minimize the overall cost to the student 4) As a permanent record to satisfy instructor s requirements for record keeping 14 CFR ) So that the student has reference material to study from and come to lessons prepared Student Training Requirements 1) Valid driver's license Date Checked: 2) Birth certificate or U.S. Passport Date Checked: 3) FAA Third Class (or better) Medical Date Checked: 4) FAA Issued Student Pilot Certificate Date Checked: 5) Signed Rental Agreement Date Checked: Training Materials Certain materials will be required for training while other materials are optional but recommended. These materials can be purchased through the flight school or online through any number of pilot shops, Amazon, e-bay, etc. Headset FAR/AIM Logbook (digital is acceptable as a backup) Pilot Kneeboard (preferably tri-fold or with pockets) Pilot's Operating Handbook (POH) + Weight and Balance E6B (digital or analog) Plotter Sectional Charts and TAC Chart Airport Facility Directory 1 P a g e

5 2. Requirements for Private Pilot Certificate FAR (a) Lists the Requirements for the Private Pilot Certificate. It includes the following: Minimum 40 Hours of Flight Time 2.1 Flight Training 20 hrs of flight training from an instructor which includes: - 3 hrs of cross-country flight training - 3 hrs of night flight training which includes: o 10 takeoffs/10 landings to a full stop o One night cross country flight over a distance greater than 100nm - 3 hrs of instrument training - 3 hrs of training in preparation for the practical test 2.2 Solo Flight 10 hrs of solo training which includes: - 5 hrs of solo cross-country time - One solo cross country flight consisting of: o 150 nm total distance (or greater) o A full stop landing at three points along the route o One segment of the flight with a leg greater than 50 nm - Three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop at airport with operating tower Must have a valid 3 rd class medical before first solo flight if in an aircraft other than a light sport, otherwise must have valid medical before the practical test. Must have also passed the private pilot knowledge test before the practical test. 3. Private Pilot Ground School Although not explicitly required per the FARs or by your instructor. Students are encouraged to sign up for and attend private pilot ground school. The purpose of the ground school is more than just preparing the students for the FAA Knowledge Test, but to provide them with all the pertinent information they need in order to be safe and competent pilots. Ground school may be taken (and is encouraged) concurrently with your flight training. Some of the topics discussed in ground school include basic aerodynamics, operation of ATC, rules and regulations (FARs), Airspace, Weather, Airport Operations (towered and non-towered), Charts, Basic Navigation, Cross country flight planning, and accident investigation. Private pilot ground school is normally a 14 week course taught twice per year, once in the spring and in the fall. The instructor will sign you off to take the written test upon successful completion of the course. You can also have your ground instructor sign off knowledge areas on this syllabus as they are successfully completed in-class. 2 P a g e

6 3.1. Aeronautical Knowledge Test Endorsement Sections 61.35(a)(1), (d), I certify that (First name, MI, Last name) has received the required training in accordance with sections I have determined that he/she is prepared for the Private Pilot Aeronautical Knowledge Test. Signed Date CFI # Expiration Date of Knowledge Test Pass: Score: Learning Statements of Incorrect Answers: 3 P a g e

7 4. Stages of Private Pilot Training Flight training is generally divided up into three distinct phases: Pre-solo, cross-country, and checkride preparation. Generally, the pre-solo phase seems like the longest and can last generally between 10 and 20 hrs depending on frequency of lessons, pilot skill, instructor and airplane availability, and weather! Weather plays a major role in flight training and can have a major impact on the timely completion of certain tasks. Do not become discouraged if flight training is not occurring at the pace you originally anticipated. Discuss with your flight instructor if you become concerned about any of this Pre-solo Phase During the pre-solo phase of your flight training, you will be learning all the basic skills required to successfully pilot the aircraft. This includes, but is not limited to pre-flight inspection, taxi, takeoff/climb, straight and level flight, turning flight, descents, normal, short and soft field landings, crosswind landings, go-arounds, emergency procedures, use of charts, knowledge of airspace, radio communications, airport operations, stalls, steep turns, and basic maneuvers Cross Country Phase During the cross country phase of your flight training, you will have completed solo and working towards your long cross country solo. During this phase, you may still be occasionally flying with your instructor as well as performing solo flights. You will be learning about flight plans, cross country flight planning, using charts to navigate, electronic navigation, pilotage and dead reckoning, weather forecasting, night flying, instrument (hood) flying, and ATC. You will need to accomplish 5 hrs of solo cross country flying during this time, as well as near 10 hrs of solo flying in general. You will also need to accomplish a flight of at least 150 nm with landings at 3 different airports with one segment of the cross country being at least 50 nm straight line distance Checkride Preparation During checkride preparation, you will be doing a lot of ground lessons, reviewing the FARs and the things you previously learned in ground school as well as practicing all the maneuvers outlined in the Practical Test Standards (PTS) or Airmen Certification Standards (ACS). You will need to be able to accomplish all prescribed tasks within the ACS to well within standards before your instructor will send you for your checkride. You can download the current ACS from the FAA website for free at Stage Checks Between each phase of your flight training, your instructor may ask you to fly with either the chief pilot or another instructor. This is to your own benefit as much as for your instructor. During your flight training, there is a lot of material that must be covered and taught to the student. To ensure that you are at the correct knowledge and skill level for your current stage of flying, a training flight with another instructor, called a stage check, is often a great way to reinforce learning and ensure there are not gaps in your knowledge or skill. 4 P a g e

8 5. Your Training Aircraft It is important during your flight training that you become very familiar with the aircraft that you will be flying, but begs an obvious question, What airplane should I use for my flight training. Unfortunately, there is no easy answer to this question because there isn t a right answer or aircraft for that matter. This is a discussion you should have with your flight instructor on Day 1. On your first flight lesson, it won t matter much which aircraft you fly, and you ll very likely be flying whatever airplane the flight school pre-scheduled for your intro flight or maybe even the aircraft the flight instructor is most used to teaching in. However, it is important to realize that the choice is yours. What you need to ask yourself, is what is the purpose for me getting my pilot s license or even once I get my license, what is my mission going to look like? Are you going to mostly flying recreationally with friends and family? Or are you planning on becoming a professional pilot? These are the things that are going to have an impact on which aircraft you fly. Often times, money is a major factor in flight training as well. If you are on a tight budget and your end goal is to fly for fun, then maybe it makes sense to fly the most economical aircraft the flight school owns. Maybe a Cessna 150/152, a Skycatcher, or a Cherokee 140. If money isn t an issue, or you plan on buying a high performance aircraft after you get your license, then maybe flying a Cessna 172RG/182RG or a Piper Arrow II with retractable gear and constant speed prop will better for you. In any case, whatever aircraft you and your instructor settle on is going to be the right aircraft for your training. However, a word of caution being that whatever aircraft you choose, you should try to always fly the same one. It becomes very difficult for a student to jump back and forth between different aircraft with different checklists and systems and learn effectively. Even two aircraft of the same make and model might have different avionics and radios or switches placed in different locations. Therefore, try your best to always schedule the same airplane for all your training with only minor variations. A Cessna 172M Model This training syllabus revolves around the use of a Cessna 172 Skyhawk or similar training aircraft and much of the information pertaining to the lesson plans utilizes performance numbers or procedures for a Cessna 172 but reasonable substitutions can be made for other types of training aircraft. 5 P a g e

9 Lesson 1 Introduction to Flight LESSON OBJECTIVES 6. Lesson Plans Pre-solo Phase Introduce the student to the training aircraft. Introduce the pre-flight and post-flight procedures. Introduce the use of checklists, safety briefing, and positive 3 way exchange of the flight controls, and familiarization with local area and basic handling of the aircraft DISCUSS 1) Training requirements 2) Aircraft documentation 3) IMSAFE Checklist 4) Safety near aircraft INTRODUCE 1) scheduling and checkout of aircraft 2) preflight procedures (instructor performs) 3) use of checklists 4) airplane systems 5) basic taxiing procedures 6) Straight and level flight + trim 7) Shallow turns 8) Use of rudder 9) post flight procedures COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands basics of how to checkout aircraft and schedule it and instructor. Use of checklists, 3-way exchange of flight controls, basic straight and level flight, post flight procedures HOMEWORK Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 1 Introduction to Flying Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 1 Introduction to Flight Training Chapter 2 Ground Operations Chapter 3 Basic Flight Maneuvers 6 P a g e

10 Lesson 2 Flight Fundamentals LESSON OBJECTIVES The Student will gain proficiency in performing basic flight maneuvers (straight and level, turns, climbs, and decent) DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Preflight 2) Taxiing 3) Flight instruments 4) Collision avoidance scanning INTRODUCE 1) Preflight (student perf. instructor w/checklist) 2) Airport/runway markings 3) Straight and level flight 4) climbs and descents 5) Turn coordination exercises 6) flight at different airspeeds 7) Demonstrate traffic pattern COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will demonstrate knowledge of pre-flight inspection elements. Student will demonstrate knowledge of aircraft control and the basic flight maneuvers on the ground and in the air. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 4 Aerodynamics of Flight Chapter 7 Flight Instruments 7 P a g e

11 Lesson 3 Flight Instruments LESSON OBJECTIVES The Student will gain proficiency in performing basic flight maneuvers (straight and level, turns, climbs, and decent) and correlate with reference to the instruments DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Flight Instruments 2) Normal and abnormal indications 3) Preflight 4) Standard weather briefing INTRODUCE 1) Taxiing with a crosswind 2) Use of flight instruments in phases of flight 3) Straight and level flight 4) constant airspeed climbs and descents 5) Trimming procedures 6) flight at different airspeeds 7) Compass turns 8) slow flight COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will complete the pre-flight inspection using checklist and supervised by instructor. Student will demonstrate knowledge of aircraft control and the basic flight maneuvers and how they relate to the indications on the flight instruments. Student will show increased proficiency in rudder coordination HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 6 Ground Reference Maneuvers Chapter 7 Airport Traffic Patterns Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 13 Airport Operations 8 P a g e

12 Lesson 4 Ground Reference Maneuvers LESSON OBJECTIVES The Student will gain proficiency in performing basic flight maneuvers (straight and level, turns, climbs, and decent) with reference to instruments as well as using visual features on the ground to correct ground track for winds aloft. Recognize basic elements of flying a rectangular course. Increase proficiency in controlling the aircraft including steep turns. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Fundamentals of traffic patterns 2) Rectangular course and ground reference 3) Flight instruments 4) Turn coordination INTRODUCE 1) Flying a straight ground track (wind correction) 2) Rectangular course (level flight) 3) Rectangular course doing climbs and descents 3) Turns around a point 4) Simulated traffic pattern flying 5) Steep turns COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will demonstrate knowledge of the basic elements of flying by reference to objects and features on the ground. Student will demonstrate understanding of wind correction to fly a straight course HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 4 Slow Flight, Stalls, and Spins 9 P a g e

13 Lesson 5 Slow Flight and Stalls LESSON OBJECTIVES The Student will gain increased proficiency in controlling the aircraft in a wide range of flight configurations from cruise to slow flight to stalls. Student understands elements of left turning tendencies and rudder coordination. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Fundamentals of slow flight and stalls 2) Where and when stalls are most likely to occur 3) Indications of imminent stall 4) Spin awareness INTRODUCE 1) Slow flight 2) Maneuvering the aircraft at slow flight speeds 3) Flight at critically slow air speeds 4) Partial power stall (at slow flight power setting) 5) Approach stall (power off ldg config.) 6) Departure stall (power on takeoff config.) 7) Turning stalls 8) Accelerated stalls 9) Cross control stalls 10) Demonstrate a spin (ONLY if aircraft is approved and flight school approves) INSTRUCTOR ACTIONS Introduce stalls simulated as if you were in the pattern (but at a sufficient altitude for mistakes and full recovery.) Re-visit rectangular course with climbs and descents and simulate holding off the airplane or stretching the glide on final as part of approach stalls and simulate climbing out at Vx and pitching up too high for departure stalls. Make the simulation feel more real to the student. COMPLETION STANDARDS Student is proficient at preflight inspection, engine startup, and run-up procedures. Student understands elements of slow flight, stalls, and recovery techniques. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 16 Emergency Procedures 10 P a g e

14 Lesson 6 Emergency Procedures LESSON OBJECTIVES The student will gain understanding of emergency procedures and use of emergency procedures checklists and cockpit flow checks DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Types of possible emergencies 2) Emergency procedures checklist 3) Radio, ATC, and TXPDR for emergencies 4) Emergency equipment INTRODUCE 1) Emergency approach to landing 2) Indications of impending engine emergency 3) Approach to landing with partial power 4) Overhead approach to emergency landing 5) Go around procedures INSTRUCTOR ACTIONS After introducing student to emergency engine out approaches to landing, if possible, get the student turned around or go to a grass strip airport and simulate an engine out with approach to landing all the way to the ground with a full stop landing. COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will demonstrate increased proficiency in maneuvering the aircraft in different phases of flight. Student will demonstrate increased proficiency in checklist usage. Student will demonstrate knowledge of the elements of emergency procedures and approaches to landing. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Review or Re-read Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 7 Airport Traffic Patterns Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 5 Takeoff and Departure Climbs (5-1 through 5-4) Chapter 8 Approaches and Landings (8-1 through 8-12) 11 P a g e

15 Lesson 7 Takeoffs and Landings LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will practice takeoffs and landings utilizing approximate power settings and recognition of key points in the traffic pattern. Student will understand the relation between pitch-airspeed and poweraltitude. Student will understand the proper use of flaps in relation to weather conditions, runway lengths, and type of landing (crosswind, short-field, soft-field). DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Taxiing in crosswind 2) Emergency procedures during takeoff 3) Normal takeoff INTRODUCE 1) Climbs at Vx and Vy 2) Traffic pattern and radio procedures 3) Use of flaps 4) Go-around procedures 5) Power settings 6) Key points in traffic pattern 7) Pitch=airspeed, power=altitude COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands the basic elements of takeoffs and landings and can establish a stabilized approach to landing. Student maintains altitudes and a rectangular ground track within the pattern. Student can explain the purpose and proper use of flaps. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 5 Takeoff and Departure Climbs (5-5 through 5-7) Chapter 8 Approaches and Landings (8-10 through 8-17) Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 10 Aircraft Performance (10-1 through 10-10) 12 P a g e

16 Lesson 8 Crosswind Takeoffs and Landings LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will continue to practice takeoffs and landings and will use proper checklists, and recognize and identify key points in the traffic pattern. Student applies knowledge of standard takeoffs and landings to taking off and landing in a crosswind. Student will understand use of rudder to keep nose of aircraft aligned with the runway and use of aileron to prevent wind drift. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) The airport traffic pattern 2) key points in the traffic pattern 3) pitch=airspeed, power=altitude 4) normal takeoffs and landings 4) calculating crosswind component 5) tuning AWOS/ASOS/ATIS 6) determining best landing direction 7) Pattern entry INTRODUCE 1) crosswind takeoff technique 2) sideslip method and rudder usage 3) keeping nose straight down runway 4) correcting for wind drift in the pattern 5) go-around procedures 6) Recovery from balloon and bounce landings COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands the elements of a proper crosswind takeoff and crosswind landing. Student recognizes key points in the traffic pattern. Student properly corrects for wind drift in the pattern. Student properly sets up for and enters the traffic pattern. Student using correct radio phraseology in the pattern. Student has increased proficiency in controlling the aircraft in the pattern HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 5 Takeoff and Departure Climbs (5-7 through end of chapter) Chapter 8 Approaches and Landings (8-17 through end of chapter) Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 10 Aircraft Performance (10-11 through 10-26) 13 P a g e

17 Lesson 9 Short and Soft Field Takeoffs and Landings LESSON OBJECTIVES Introduce student to landing and departing a short and/or soft field. Student should be able to establish proper pitch attitude for precise airspeed control and establish pitch for Vx and Vy climb out. Student can touch down softly with nose wheel off the ground. Student can land at minimum controllable airspeed. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Normal and crosswind takeoffs 2) Normal and crosswind landings 3) Calculating runway required for t/o and ldg 4) application of Vx and Vy 5) Hazards of other than hard surface runways INTRODUCE 1) Utilizing ground effect for soft field t/o 2) Full braking max power prior to takeoff (short) 3) clear area before takeoff no stopping (soft) 4) Critical position go/no-go decision speed 5) Obstacles on takeoff 6) Use of flaps and power to establish approach COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands the elements of ground effect and its impact in short and soft field takeoffs and landings. Student demonstrates ability to maintain proper airspeed control on takeoff and landing. Student exhibits understanding of elements related to soft and short field takeoffs and landings HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Appendix I Pre-solo Written Test 14 P a g e

18 Lesson 10 Pre-solo Stage Check LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will demonstrate knowledge, understanding, ability, and skill to perform solo maneuvers safely. Student will gain proficiency in previous skills learned and demonstrate them to the satisfaction of the instructor. Student has progressed beyond the rote and understanding levels of knowledge and can apply their knowledge to flight of the aircraft. LESSON REFERENCE 14 CFR Solo Requirements for Student Pilots DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) The completed pre-solo written test 2) Limitations of a student pilot 3) Student training requirements (Page 1) are met 4) Aircraft performance limitations 5) Aircraft systems 6) Emergency procedures 7) Weather 8) Airspace rules and procedures 9) Limitations in rental agreement 10) Weather briefing/notams 11) IMSAFE Checklist 12) Airport pattern entry/departure 13) Collision avoidance/wake turbulence 14) Flight at various airspeeds (trim usage) 15) Ground reference maneuvers 16) slips to a landing 17) Go arounds COMPLETION STANDARDS Student exhibits strong risk management skills, single pilot resource management skills, knowledge of the above elements and proficiency in maneuvers. Student has transitioned beyond the understanding phase of learning and exhibits ability to apply knowledge learned. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Student Review Checklists Aircraft POH Aeronautical chart for solo area 15 P a g e

19 Lesson 11 First Solo Flight LESSON OBJECTIVES Student demonstrates proficiency in all the pre-solo maneuvers and meets the requirements of 14 CFR Student will conduct first solo flight under close instructor supervision. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) 14 CFR Solo Requirements for Student Pilots 2) Emergency Procedures 3) Recovery from bounced/balloon landings 4) Crosswind technique INTRODUCE 1) Student solo INSTRUCTOR ACTIONS Instructor completes the proper endorsements found in Appendix VI Student and Private Pilot Endorsemen. Endorse Student Pilot Certificate Endorse Presolo Aeronautical Knowledge Endorse Initial Solo Flight Endorsement Endorse 90 Day Solo Flight Endorsement COMPLETION STANDARDS Student performs three DUAL takeoffs and landings without any assistance or prompting from the flight instructor. Student recognizes when to go-around without prompting from flight instructor (if applicable.) Student performs at least three solo takeoffs and landings to a full stop under instructor supervision from the ground. Student makes all necessary radio calls in the traffic pattern. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 15 Navigation (15-22 through 15-35) Chapter 17 Aeronautical Decision Making (Beginning through 17-17) 16 P a g e

20 Lesson 12 Basic Navigation and Supervised Solo LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will increase proficiency in operation of the aircraft in all phases of flight. Student will be introduced to basic navigation using pilotage and charts, GPS, and VOR navigation. Student will also have a good understanding of pattern entry at another airport and know the procedures for determining the best direction for landing. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Solo pilot responsibilities 2) Airspace and navigational charts 3) Operation of the GPS direct to feature 4) Radio procedures 5) Pattern entry 6) Emergency procedures INTRODUCE 1) Diversion and lost procedures 2) Pilotage using chart (paper or digital) 3) Use of GPS flight planning feature 4) VOR and GPS navigation 5 Second supervised solo at away airport COMPLETION STANDARDS Student demonstrates ability to perform startup, taxi, takeoff, cruise, prelanding, landing, and shutdown with minimal assistance from the instructor. Student demonstrates basic understanding of navigational techniques using charts, VOR, and GPS. Student understands lost procedures. Student understands what to do in case a diversion is needed. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 17 Aeronautical Decision-Making (17-17 through end) Appendix I Runway Incursion Avoidance 17 P a g e

21 Lesson 13 Solo Flight to Another Airport LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will build confidence and skill in operation of the aircraft as a solo pilot. Student will organize himself/herself in cockpit and navigate to another airport and back home safely. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Basic navigation 2) IMSAFE Checklist 3) Basic aeronautical decision-making 4) PAVE Checklist 5) Operations at another airport INTRODUCE 1) Student s first solo flight to another airport COMPLETION STANDARDS Student navigates to and does pattern work at another airport and returns to home airport HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM) Chapter 4 Section 2 Radio Communications Phraseology and Techniques Chapter 4 Section 3 Airport Operations (4-3-1 through 4-3-2) 18 P a g e

22 Lesson 14 Towered Airport Operations LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will become familiar with towered airport operations. Student will gain confidence talking on the radio and interacting with ATC. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Sources of weather information 2) Airspace requirements 3) Radio communication procedures 4) ATIS/AWOS/ASOS INTRODUCE 1) ATIS Information for Arrival/Departure 2) Taxi diagrams 3) Ground Control and taxi instructions 4) Traffic pattern phraseology (e.g. Cleared for the option, extend downwind, I ll call your base, cleared number 2 ) 5) Ways tower might ask you to enter the pattern 6) LAHSO (if applicable) COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands towered radio phraseology. Student understands how to request taxi instructions and the procedures for taxi (movement and non-movement areas, hold short, and airport markings). Student performs all pertinent radio communications with the tower by the end of the lesson. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 10 Night Operations Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 13 Airport Operations (13-6 through 13-9) Chapter 16 Aeromedical Factors (16-17 through end of chapter) 19 P a g e

23 Lesson 15 Night Flying (Flight Lesson) LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will be introduced to night flying, its hazards, and operations. Student will gain confidence in flying the aircraft in unusual flight situations including night emergencies. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Ground Lesson for Night Flying 2) Pre-flight preparation 3) Emergency procedures INTRODUCE 1) Night departure and arrival 2) Departure procedures from unfamiliar airport 3) Airport lighting 4) Loss of interior cockpit lights at night 5) Burned out landing light 6) Total electrical failure 7) Engine out 8) Light gun signals from tower 9) Accidental flight into IMC at night COMPLETION STANDARDS Student gains confidence flying the aircraft at night. Student applies considerations for night flying and is prepared for various emergencies. Student is able to rely upon instruments in the event of loss of situational awareness and/or disorientation. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 15 Navigation 20 P a g e

24 Lesson 15 Night Flying (Ground Lesson) LESSON OBJECTIVES Student to exhibit knowledge relating to the elements of flying at night to include physiology, airport and aircraft lighting, navigation, and FARs. DISCUSSION Presentation - What makes flying at night different than flying during the day? Its dark! You don t see the same details you see during the day. Physiology Eye - Light is focused through pupil by the lens onto retina - Cones: contain cells most effective in daylight and poor effectiveness in darkness. They see detail and color - Rods: contain cells most effective for peripheral vision effective in daylight and darkness. No detail, no color Adaptation - Takes approximately 30 min to adapt to darkness. Experience this when walking from outside on a bright sunny day, to dimly lit indoors, you can t SEE! - Pupil adjusts and allows more or less light into eye - Bright lights should be avoided at night Scanning for Traffic - Since your peripheral view works best at night, use off center viewing to scan for traffic - Very slow eye movement at night - Don t look directly at an object at night as it may disappear - How to tell if other aircraft is coming from left, right, towards, or away (green on right, red on left, white on rear) Equipment Personal - Flashlight, preferably two or one with color change ability. One white (for preflight) one colored (red preferred for cockpit use) - Using a colored light might affect ability to see colors on charts Aircraft - In addition to TOMATO-FLAMES (the VFR required equipment) also require FLAPS - Fuses - Landing Light if for hire - Anti-collision lights - Position lights (red and green) - Source of power 21 P a g e

25 Aircraft Lighting Position Lights - Green on right, red on left, white on rear - Opposite color lights potentially dangerous - Same color lights usually safe - Required sunset to sunrise Anti-Collision Light - Red beacon or white strobes (or both) - Must be on at all times (except in interest in safety) why would you turn off strobe lights? Landing Light - Is it really required? What happens when your landing light burns out? - When should it be on? Within 10 miles of any airport (suggests turning it on during day too) Airport Lighting Airport Beacon - Either rotate or pulse light to help pilot visually locate airport at a distance - When is the airport beacon on? Usually sunrise to sunset, can also be pilot controlled, or during Instrument conditions - Civil Airport green white alternating - Military Airport green white white - Heliport green yellow white - Hospital or Emergency Services white green red (have Mark point this out on way to/from Ridgely) Taxiway Lights - A few possible ways - Generally lined both sides by blue edge lights - Sometimes blue reflectors - Sometimes at big airports, green markings in center of taxiway - Red stop bars to indicate where airplanes should stop Runway Lights - Runway lights bound actual landing area - Some big airports have yellow and red lights to indicate runway distance remaining - Runway edge lights are white - Runway end lights: green on approach side, red on stopping side - REILS: pair of flashing white lights at the end of the runway - VASI - Approach lights: help pilots find airport and line up with runway in reduced visual conditions 22 P a g e

26 - Pilot controlled lighting o Pilots tune to a specific frequency to turn on the lights (usually CTAF, but NOT ALWAYS!) o Activate by keying the mic between 3-7 times within 5 seconds o Some airports have different intensities (low, medium, and high) depending on how many times you key the mic o Lights will stay on generally for 15 min before turning off (good idea to turn them on 10 miles out, then key mic again when entering the pattern so they don t go off when you re on final) Airport Operations Takeoff and departure - There is a greater lack of visual reference so reference to instruments is more important than during the day - There may be hazards along the side of runway or at end of runway that are un-light (trees) - If you are departing an airport you ve never been to before, use EXTREME CAUTION. Try to find out about obstacles - Airports in mountainous areas can be especially dangerous. Controlled flight into un-light terrain! Approach and landing - In unfamiliar areas, or areas with a lot of ground lighting (cities), airports are VERY HARD TO FIND (Martin State is one of them) - Identify airport as soon as possible (turn on pilot controlled lighting as high as it will go when you are approaching airport) - Align aircraft with runway lights and use VASI or PAPI for glideslope information - At unfamiliar airports VASIs and PAPIs are VERY important for obstacle avoidance (Harford County Airport is a good example) - Judgment of height for landing flare is going to be much more difficult Night Emergencies - You will not be able to see big fields like during the day - Big areas of black could be anything, a field, trees, or water - Avoid congested areas - Turn on landing light and turn down cockpit lighting - Empty lighted roads could be your best bet! - If you cannot see the ground, keep plane level until ground is contacted (don t stall though!) FARs - Night Currency: piot much have flown three takeoffs and landings to a full stop between one hour after sunset and one hour before sunrise within 90 days - Night landings count for day landing currency 23 P a g e

27 COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands physiology of night flight. Student understands lighting for aircraft and airports. Student understands the elements of conducting a safe flight at night. 24 P a g e

28 7. Lesson Plans Cross Country Phase Introduction To Cross Country Flight Planning Learning the proper way to flight plan for your private pilot s license while you are a student is an important step in learning how to plan a cross country flight using pilotage and dead reckoning. You may think that these days, GPS is king, but you ll be surprised how many aircraft do NOT have GPS in them still. Besides, the VFR cross country flight plan is more than just planning how to navigate from one airport to another. It is a way to incorporate planning for a flight in a methodical and comprehensive manner that includes analyzing your course, analyzing the weather, estimating best altitudes to fly, true airspeed, headings to fly, navigation aids along route, time enroute, fuel used, destination airport information, NOTAMS, filing flight plans, take-off and landing performance, the list goes on. To help make this process as easy as possible, I ve written this guide to help you in your flight planning process so you don t forget anything! Step 1 Weight and Balance This is something that can be done at any time, but it is good to do it first, otherwise, if you are overweight or out of balance, you won t be able to complete the rest of your NAV-LOG! 1. Using the weight and balance sheet for your aircraft, record the basic empty weight of the aircraft in the appropriate box in the weight and balance section of your NAV-LOG. 2. Next, using the Pilots Operating Handbook in the weight and balance section, determine the weight of each of the sections (front passengers, rear passengers, fuel, baggage, etc) and put in the appropriate sections 3. Use the charts to determine the arm and record in the appropriate boxes in the NAV-LOG 4. Multiply each weight by each arm to determine the moment 5. Next total up the weights and the moments and find the CG by dividing the total moment by the total weight 6. Are you within weight and balance? Step 2 Plot Your Proposed Course Find your departure and destination and draw a preliminary straight line between the two. This is the fastest way to go from one point to another. However, there are a myriad of reasons this doesn t always work. Analyze this route especially paying attention to airspace and terrain requirements. Remember, you cannot fly through prohibited or restricted airspace. If there is Bravo airspace in your way, you can still fly through there, just remember, you need to contact the appropriate approach control and receive a clearance through the Bravo. Charlie and Delta airspace doesn t require a clearance necessarily, but you do need to establish two-way radio communication. Military Operational Areas should also be analyzed and discussed with your instructor, but generally speaking, you can fly through them. If you need to change your route for any reason either because of airspace, long stretches of over-water flying, lack of discernable waypoints, more reliable means of navigation, whatever the case may be, now is the time to do it. It may be beneficial to fly airways so you have VOR navigational capabilities available to supplement visual checkpoints. 25 P a g e

29 1. Determine your checkpoints. Use prominent landmarks that are on the chart. Avoid the use of private airports unless they have a paved runway. Avoid spacing them more than 15 miles apart. 10 nm spacing works well. Also, regular spacings between consecutive waypoints (e.g. 10, 10, 5, 10, or 7, 7, 7) This helps eliminate to recalculate for every checkpoint and makes predicting times in-flight, much easier. 2. Using the plotter, determine the true course of each segment of your route and record in flight log. 3. Measure the distance between each segment on your route and record in flight log. Step 3 Obtain Weather Briefing Obtain an outlook weather briefing remember to ask for NOTAMS! There are a few easy ways to obtain a weather briefing. As a new student pilot, you best bet is to call FSS at WX-BRIEF. Having a live briefer read off the conditions and notams is a big help. Other methods include logging into DUATS, Foreflight, Garmin Pilot, etc. The briefing information you will need to complete your NAV-LOG: 1. Wind direction, velocity, and temperature at altitudes. Obtain a few different altitudes 2. The ceiling and sky conditions (clouds and visibility) so you know what the maximum altitude you can cruise at is. Step 4 Calculations in the NAV-LOG 1. Based upon the wind information received during the weather briefing, choose an appropriate cruising altitude (don t forget terrain, cloud clearance requirements, avoiding/overflight of airspace, wind direction and velocity, and hemispheric rules) Generally speaking the wind direction at different altitudes is not going to vary significantly, but it may be beneficial to climb higher to take advantage of a tailwind. 2. Enter the wind direction and velocity from your weather briefing. Remember, you may have to interpolate if you use an altitude in-between weather reporting altitudes. Same goes with temperature 3. Determine your planned true airspeed. You will find this in the POH for your aircraft. Pick the power setting you are going to fly at, and based upon altitude and temperature, determine the true airspeed. Record in your NAV-LOG. 4. Using the wind side of your E6B, put the wind direction under the heading. Next, slide the grommet over 100 and mark up from there, the wind speed. (e.g. if wind speed is 20kt, grommet is over 100, put pencil dot over 120kt). Next rotate the scale and put your true course under the heading. Now, slide the pencil dot over your calculated true airspeed. Now your grommet is going to be your ground speed, which can be recorded in your NAV-LOG, and the wind correction angle can go in the appropriate block in your NAV-LOG as well. If your course has 26 P a g e

30 heading changes, you will need to just turn the rotating scale to the different true course and slide your pencil dot once again over the true airspeed and record your new ground speed and wind correction angle. DO NOT ERASE YOUR PENCIL DOT! Your pencil dot is your wind. Unless your winds are changing, you do not need to change the location of your pencil dot. 5. Next determine the magnetic variation (this comes from those dashed magenta isogonic lines on your sectional chart. Record the variation in your NAV-LOG and then calculate your new true heading. 6. If your airplane has a magnetic compass card showing deviation, you can include that as well. Otherwise, leave that section blank. 7. You can now calculate your course heading or compass heading for each leg of your cross country and put in the appropriate box on your NAV-LOG 8. Calculate your estimated time en route for each leg of your cross country. Using your E6B, put the rate index (the black arrow) under your groundspeed. Then on the non-rotating scale, find the distance of that particular leg and on the inner rotating scale, read the adjacent time. Remember, this is going to be in minutes and is going to be a relatively small number. Use good reasoning skills. (e.g. If you are going 10 nautical miles at 100 knots, it will be approximately 6 minutes.) Do this for each leg of your cross country 9. Calculate your estimated fuel burn. Using the appropriate performance chart in your Pilot s Operating Handbook for the airplane, determine the fuel burn based upon the cruise charts in the book. Enter this fuel burn in your NAV-LOG. 10. Now, using your E6B, put the fuel burn across from the rate index (black arrow). For each leg of your cross country, find the time for that particular leg on the inner rotating scale, and read the gallons used on the outer non-rotating scale. Remember, this is also going to be a small number. (e.g. If you are burning 10 gal/hr and your leg is 6 minutes, it is going to be 1 gallon) Record this calculated value in your NAV-LOG for each leg of the cross country 11. Now you can total up these columns and determine the total time for your cross country as well as the total fuel burn for your cross country 12. Now do the reverse and calculate the fuel remaining for each leg of your cross country based upon your starting fuel quantity 13. This fuel required information is really the bare minimum. Remember, we still have to start the engine, do a runup, climb to altitude and satisfy the VFR fuel reserve requirements. In the POH, you will find the time to time/distance/fuel to climb to altitude, as well as the runup and takeoff required fuel. In an empty row under fuel required, enter into your NAV log the extra fuel required. Also add an extra line for fuel required for reserves. 27 P a g e

31 Step 5 Airport Information Using the airport facility directory you will need your departing and arrival airport information including (FAR Each pilot in command shall, before beginning a flight, become familiar with all available information concerning that flight. This information must include (b) for any flight, runway lengths airports of intended use, and the following takeoff and landing distance information ) 1. Find your departure airport in the AFD (airport facility directory). In the Terminal Information portion of your NAV-LOG under the Field Entry, record the identifier for your departure airport. Use the AFD to determine the airport elevation, runways available, and appropriate radio frequencies 2. Do this for your destination airport as well as any alternate airport you propose to use. 3. If there are any applicable notes you wish to write to yourself, put them in the notes section You will also need to determine takeoff and landing performance for your proposed flight. Remember, if the temperature outside is hot, and you are close to max gross takeoff weight, you are going to have a loooong takeoff roll. You can use the appropriate sections in the Pilots Operating Handbook to determine the takeoff and landing performance of your aircraft to safely determine if you have enough room at your departure and/or destination airport to takeoff and land. 28 P a g e

32 Lesson 16 First Dual Cross Country Flight LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will be introduced to cross country flying. Student will become familiar with the procedures and processes for safely conducting long distance flying. Student will be introduced to VFR flight plans, navigation, diversion, weather, and lost procedures. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Cross country flight planning 2) Weather planning 3) IMSAFE 4) PAVE 5) Aircraft performance planning 6) Pilotage and dead reckoning 7) Airport signage and markings INTRODUCE 1) Opening/Closing VFR flight plans 2) Timing checkpoints in flight 3) Course corrections 4) Locating waypoints/checkpoints 5) Diversion procedures 6) Lost procedures 7) Taxi diagrams 8) Airports with multiple runways COMPLETION STANDARDS Student understands the basics of cross country flight planning and flying. Student is able to describe the risk management process for coming to a go/no-go decision. Student becomes proficient at timing checkpoints and filling out/modifying VFR flight log enroute. Student understands diversion procedures. Student understands lost procedures. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Download 20SFRA%20Checklist.pdf Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge Chapter 14 Airspace 29 P a g e

33 Lesson 17 Dual Night Cross Country LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will be introduced to night cross country flying and procedures. Student will learn techniques for determining checkpoints for night flying and increase proficiency at electronic navigation techniques. Student increase proficiency in cross country flight planning. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Night VFR fuel requirements 2) Cross country flight planning 3) Airspace rules specifically Class B 4) Filing flight plans 5) Basic attitude instrument flying INTRODUCE 1) SFRA Flight Plans and Procedures 2) VFR flight following/ Class B Clearance 3) Clearance delivery/ RCO 4) VOR/GPS Navigation 5) Using the Autopilot 6) Fueling procedures at another airport COMPLETION STANDARDS Student is proficient at cross country flight planning including analyzing the weather, preflight/performance planning, filing VFR nav-log, using Sectional/TAC charts for determining airspace requirements, identifying special use airspace, and picking routes for flight. Proficient at pilotage and dead reckoning. Student understands how to get VFR flight following. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Review FAR Solo Cross-Country Flight Requirements 30 P a g e

34 Lesson 18 First Solo Cross Country LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will gain confidence flying the aircraft longer distances including dealing with potentially unknown weather. Student will gain confidence by getting VFR flight following and filing, opening, and closing VFR flight plans. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Student s VFR flight planning 2) Airspace 3) Weather 4) Endorsements 5) Alternate airports INTRODUCE 1) Student s first solo cross country flight COMPLETION STANDARDS Student files, opens, and closes VFR flight plan with flight service. Student receives flight following from approach control. Student successfully navigates to distant airport and returns. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Airplane Flying Handbook Chapter 16 Emergency Procedures (16-12 through end) Inadvertent Flight Into IMC Instrument Flying Handbook Chapter 6 Section I Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying Using Analog Instruments 31 P a g e

35 Lesson 19 Instrument Flying LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will become familiar with basic attitude instrument flying and navigation. Student will understand the dangers of inadvertent VFR flight into IMC. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Flight instruments 2) VOR and GPS navigation 3) Unusual attitude recovery 4) Emergency procedures INTRODUCE 1) Leaning tendencies 2) Graveyard spiral 3) The basic instrument scan 4) The standard rate turn 5) Standard rate climbs and descents 6) Navigating while under the hood INSTRUCTOR ACTIONS There are two very basic illustrations that can help a student better understand the dangers of flying IMC. The first is leaning tendencies. One way to help a student understand their own personal leaning tendency is for instructor to take the controls and maintain straight and level flight of the aircraft. Have the student close their eyes and count slowly to 10. When the student reaches a count of 10, have them keep their eyes closed and tell the student which way the airplane is turning. The airplane should continue to remain in straight and level flight throughout this demonstration. The student will then open their eyes and see airplane straight and level and this now becomes their leaning tendency. The second demonstrations is the graveyard spiral. This is accomplished by the instructor taking the controls and keeping the yoke completely level. There shall be NO aileron or rudder usage in this maneuver. Instructor will gently apply back pressure on the yoke to initiate a slow climb. Due to left turning tendency of most aircraft, the plane will automatically enter a left turn that will continue to steepen further and further as well as transition to a diving spiral. This is how a graveyard spiral starts. Instructor will show student that the inclination is to look at the instruments, see a dive and want to pull up, which only exaggerates the spiral tendency. COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will gain confidence and skill in basic attitude instrument flight including basic course reversal, descents, and navigation. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Student picks an unfamiliar airport more than 50nm away and plans a cross country flight to that airport. 32 P a g e

36 Lesson 20 Solo Cross Country Flight to Unfamiliar Airport LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will gain confidence and skill in cross country flight planning and flying to an unfamiliar airport far away from the home airport. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Student s VFR flight planning 2) Airspace 3) Weather 4) Endorsements 5) Obtaining flight following 6) Radio navigation aids along route 7) Alternate airports INTRODUCE 1) Student solo cross country to an unfamiliar airport COMPLETION STANDARDS Student successfully plans a cross country flight to an airport of their choosing (more or less) and executes that flight. Student will file, open, and close a VFR flight plan as well as obtain flight following. HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Prepare a solo cross country flight plan for their long cross country. 33 P a g e

37 Lesson 21 Long Cross Country Flight LESSON OBJECTIVES Student will gain confidence and skill in cross country flight planning and flying to an unfamiliar airport far away from the home airport as well as navigating to multiple airports and planning cross countries with multiple legs. DISCUSSION AND REVIEW 1) Cross country flight plan 2) Weather 3) VOR/GPS navigation 4) Emergency procedures 5) Clearance delivery/ RCO (if applicable) 6) Fueling procedures at another airport 7) Endorsements INTRODUCE 1) Long solo cross country COMPLETION STANDARDS Student will file, open, and close a VFR flight plan as well as obtain flight following for the flight. Student will land at three different locations and plan a flight over 150nm with one segment being more than 50nm. Preferably each segment of the flight is more than 50nm HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT Read and understand the Private Pilot Airmen Certification Standards Provide instructor with a photo-copy of Airmen Knowledge Test and appropriate PTL codes. 34 P a g e

38 8. Checkride Preparation Phase The checkride preparation phase is designed to review the Private Pilot Airmen Certification Standards and for the student and instructor to practice the maneuvers that will be required for the practical test, also known as the checkride. It is important for the student to realize that the checkride is about much more than just flying the airplane. The checkride is about aeronautical decision making, judgement, aeronautical knowledge, as well as pilot skill and ability to perform maneuvers demonstrating mastery of the aircraft in many different flight regimes. Many of the maneuvers that will be practiced in preparation for the checkride will be maneuvers introduced during the pre-solo phase of training and it may have been a while since the student has performed them. 8.1 Flight Maneuvers Skill Preparation It is equally as important for the student to realize that although FAR (a)(4) states that the student only needs 3 hours of instruction for the practical test; FAR Flight Proficiency lists all the areas of operation the applicant must be proficient in performing prior to the practical test (checkride). Notice the key word here is Proficiency. If the student is not proficient and within ACS standards, more training may be required. Therefore, it is important that the student conduct one or two solo flights practicing these maneuvers prior to flying with the instructor. This will help minimize training cost and will give the student ample opportunity to self-critique their flying skills and ability and be prepared to talk with their instructor about their perceived deficiencies so as to maximize the efficiency of the final three hours of training. 8.2 Aeronautical Knowledge Preparation There are many valuable resources available in book, web, and app form that are helpful in preparing for the knowledge portion of the private pilot practical test. One of these that is particularly good is Ride Ready Oral Exam Prep software by Dauntless-Soft. The student should also have purchased a current FAR/AIM, current applicable Sectional and TAC charts, a current Airport Facility Directory, the latest copy of the Private Pilot ACS Standards (paperback), and a Pilots Operating Handbook for the aircraft they plan to take the checkride in. NOTE: if the student plans on continuing to rent and fly the checkride aircraft upon completion of their private pilot certificate for the foreseeable future, it is highly encouraged they purchase a physical copy of the POH if they don t already own one. One way to help study is to use sticky tabs and tab all the applicable FARs as well as go through the AIM section of the book and tab the applicable sections in there. If on the checkride, the student does not know an answer, he/she will be expected to be able to find the applicable FAR or FAA guidance and having the books pre-tabbed will greatly aid in the student s ability to locate such guidance. 35 P a g e

39 Task Lesson Stage Training Tracker Gnd Complete Date Flight Complete Date Date Proficient Remarks Pre-Flight/Post-Flight Training 1 1 I Local dispatch procedures x Fitness for flight (I'M SAFE) PHAK:Ch16 pg 1-2, I Certificates/Documents/Airworthiness Requirements x AFH: Ch 2 pg 1-6. PHAK: Ch 8 pg I Obtaining weather information / Sources of weather x x 4 1 I Positive Exchange Flight Controls x 5 1 I Collision avoidance x 6 1 I Use of checklists x x 7 2 I Airport Opns / Traffic pattern entry/departure procedures x x 8 3 I Airport/runway markings/lighting x x 9 3 I Radio Comms (Non-twred) x x 10 3 I Radio Comms (Towered) x x 11 1 I Local Area Familiarization x x 12 2 I After Landing x x 13 2 I Parking and securing x x 14 2 I Refueling x Basic Flight Maneuvers / Skills / Knowledge 14 2 I Taxi - surface opns including runups x 15 2 I Takeoff/climb (Normal) x 16 2 I Straight Level x 17 3 I Turning Flight x 18 2 I Climbs/Descents x 19 3 I Climbs/Descents during a Turn x 20 4 I Climbs at Vx and Vy x 21 4 I Stall awareness / Spin Awareness and spin recovery x x 22 4 I Slow Flight flight using high/ low drag configurations x 23 4 I Stalls Power-On x 24 4 I Stalls Power- Off x 25 6 I Steep Turns x 26 6 I Approach/landing (Normal) x 27 8 I Soft field take-off x 28 8 I Soft field landing x 29 7 I Short field take-off x 30 7 I Short field landing x 31 7 I Go-Around x 32 4 I Accelerated / Cross-Ctrl Stall Demo x 33 7 I Cross-wind take off / landing x x 34 7 I Forward slip to landing x x 35 I Use of Charts (basic airspace) x 36 9 I Recognition of critical weather situations from the ground and in flight, x x 37 6 I Effects of density altitude on takeoff and climb performance; x 38 3 I Principles of aerodynamics x 39 6 I Recognition and avoidance of wake turbulence x 36 P a g e

40 Task Stage Task Gnd Complete Date Flight Complete Date Date Proficient Remarks Emergency Procedures 40 5 I Engine Failures (In-Flight / On Take off) x x 41 5 I Systems and equipment malfunctions x x 42 5 I Approaches to a landing w/ sim eng malfunctions x 43 5 I Emergency Descent (clean/dirty) x Ground Reference Maneuvers 44 6 I Rectangular Course x x 45 6 I S-Sturns x x 46 6 I Turns around a Point x x I Pre-Solo Training Requirements 9 I Estimating visibility while in flight x 10 I ADM - DECIDE-3P - Pers Mins x 10 I FRZ / SFRA Training (SFRA entry / exit) (Certificate) x 9 I Single Pilot Resource Mgt / Cockpit Management x 10 I Diversion x 10 I Lost Procedures x 11 I Student Pilot solo limitations (61.87 (n)) x 11 I Student Pilot General limitations (61.89) x 11 I Solo cross-country flight requirements (61.93) x 11 I Aircraft limitations x 11 I Pre-Solo quiz - COMPLETE x I I 12 II SOLO Date Proficient Cross-country flight planning 46 II Flight Service Stations / filing / opening / closing / VFR flight plan x x 47 II Local area airport X-C planning (for solo to airports w/in 25 nm) x x 48 II Land and Hold Short Opns x 49 II Fuel required/alternates x 50 II Use of performance charts (and how pertains to cross-country flight) x 51 II Obtaining runway lengths x 53 II Weight and balance computations; x 54 II Operation of powerplant x 55 II Aircraft systems x 56 II Operation of instruments and equipment incl. normal/abnormal indications x x 57 II Min Equipment List (MEL)/Min Eqpt Req'd (Day, Night) x 59 II Low level Wind shear x 60 II Controlled Flight into Terrain (CFIT) x 63 II Planning for alternatives if flight cannot be completed or delayed x 64 II Use of charts for VFR navigation (cross-country planning) x x 65 II Pilotage and dead reckoning w/ a magnetic compass x x 37 P a g e

41 Task Stage Task Gnd Complete Date Flight Complete Date Date Proficient Remarks 66 II Aeronautical weather reports and forecasts x 67 II Recognition of hazardous terrain features/airspace x 68 II Navigation Systems (VOR, GPS) x x 69 II Cross-country Planning and Navigation Logs x x 70 II En-route weather services / HIWAS / EFAS (Flight Watch) x x 71 II Radar Services / VFR Flight Following x x 72 II Aeromedical factors (hypoxia, IMSAFE, hyperventilation, inner/sinus ear, diving) x Vertigo/disorientation, motion sickness, CO2, Middle ear and sinus problems. II Instrument Flight (3 hrs) 73 II Straight-level, turns, climbs-descents x x 74 II Turns to a heading x x 75 II Recovery from unusual flight attitudes x x 79 II SOLO CROSS-COUNTRY (150 Total dist/one leg 50 nm / ldgs at 3 points) x x Night Flight (3 hrs) 80 III Night Physiology x 81 III Night Preparations x x 82 III Night Flight (10 T-L to F/S) x 83 III Night Cross Country (Dual) (100 nm total dist) x Pre-Check Ride 84 IV Aircraft maintenance records and inspections x 85 IV Basic Maneuvers Review x 86 IV Ground Reference Maneuver Review x 87 IV Check-Ride Preparation / IACRA input / FAA 8710 Completion x FINAL CHECK RIDE x x General Knowledge Review 88 FAR Review Pt 1, Pt 61, Pt 91, x 89 Use of the Aeronautical Information Manual and FAA advisory circulars; x 90 Applicable FARs that relate to pp privileges, limitations x 91 Accident reporting requirements of the NTSB x Duration of pilot and instructor certificates. x Medical certificates: Requirement and duration. x Pilot logbooks x 95 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command. x 38 P a g e

42 Private Pilot Requirements 40 hours of flight time, which includes; - 20 hours of flight training from instructor, which includes; (1) 3 hours of cross-country flight training (2) 3 hours of night flight training, which includes; - One cross-country flight over 100 nm total distance - 10 T-offs / 10 Ldgs to a full stop (each involving a flight in the traffic pattern) (3) 3 hours instrument training to incl. unusual att, comms, ATC, radio nav. (4) 3 hours of training with instructor in preparation for the practical test - 10 hours of solo training, which includes; (1) 5 hours of solo cross-country time (2) One solo cross country flight consisting of; nautical miles total distance - A full-stop landings at three points along route, - One segment of flight a straight-line distance of more than 50 nm - Three t-offs and three ldgs to a full stop at airport w/ a control tower. Note. This syllabus is intended as a checklist that addresses all flight and ground topics as outlined the the Airmen Certification Standards, and/or the FAR. It provides student pilot a roadmap from from first flight, through solo, to final check-ride. Corrections/changes/comments for improvement should be directed to Mark Fischer at MDF1229@yahoo.com or Aaron Harrington at aharrin1@gmail.com ver. 11/15 39 P a g e

43 Appendix I Pre-solo Written Test Student Name: Date: Instructor Name: CFI#: Aircraft (make/model): Initial and Corrected Score This knowledge test is administered to satisfy the requirements of 14 CFR (b): Aeronautical Knowledge covering the applicable sections of parts 61 and 91, including airspace rules and procedures for the airport where the solo flight will be performed and the flight characteristics and operational limitations for the make and model of aircraft to be flown. 1. What documentation and endorsements are you required to have before you solo? 2. How long is your solo endorsement good for? 3. What aircraft are you authorized to fly on solo flights? 4. Can you carry passengers as a student pilot? 5. What are your student pilot limitations regarding visibility, ceilings, and cloud clearance requirements for flying solo? 6. What is the minimum fuel reserve for day VFR flight and on what cruise speed is the fuel reserve based? 7. What aircraft certificates and documents are required to be in the aircraft when flying solo? 8. What preflight action is required prior to a flight? 9. What is the minimum amount of time after the consumption of alcohol required before you can act as pilot in command? 10. When are you required to wear safety belts? Shoulder harnesses? 11. When you are approaching another aircraft head-on, how should you alter your course to avoid a collision? 40 P a g e

44 12. Two aircraft are in the pattern at the same time, which aircraft has the right of way? 13. A glider, skydiver, or no-radio airplane is landing on the same runway you are landing on or the crossing runway, what do you do? 14. You are on downwind following an aircraft in the traffic pattern, the aircraft in front of you is turning base to final, when should you turn onto base leg to ensure the aircraft in front of you has proper spacing to land and clear the runway before you touch down? 15. When should you perform a go-around and what are the go-around procedures? 16. What is the minimum safe altitude when flying over congested areas? Other than congested areas? 17. How do we determine the proper altimeter setting for the airport of intended use? 18. What are the procedures should you have an engine failure in flight? 19. What are the procedures should you have an engine failure on take off? (three part answer) 20. What nearby airspace should we be aware of and what are the entry requirements? 21. What is the minimum altitude you are allowed to practice solo maneuvers? (e.g. stalls, steep turns, slow flight) 22. What are the requirements for flying into a towered, class D airport? 23. What is our nearest class D airport? 24. As a student pilot, can you enter class B airspace? 41 P a g e

45 25. Explain how you would enter the pattern at an uncontrolled airport. (draw a diagram) 26. What does right traffic pattern look like? If a tower controller asks you to enter a right downwind for runway 33, how and where do we enter the pattern? (draw a diagram) 27. What is the radio frequency for Harford County? 28. What is the emergency frequency and transponder code? 29. What is typical pattern altitude? 30. What is the maximum wind and x-wind you are allowed to fly in as a student pilot? (renter agreement) Aircraft Questions 1. List the minimum equipment and instruments that must be working properly for day VFR flight. 2. What is the maximum weight of your training aircraft? 3. What is the maximum fuel capacity? Usable fuel? 4. What is the maximum and minimum oil qty? 5. What is the maximum RPM drop allowed during run-up? (two part answer) 6. Fill in the V-speed definitions and speed for your training airplane. Vso Vs1 Vx Vy Vfe Va Vno Vne 42 P a g e

46 Best Glide 7. Describe flap operating limitations for your training aircraft 8. What speeds do we use on downwind? Base? Final? And how do they change when its windy? 9. Explain how we make a proper crosswind landing 43 P a g e

47 Appendix II VFR Cross Country Planner 44 P a g e

48 45 P a g e

49 Append ix II I Towered Airport Operations Checklist Approaching Airport Pilot: Easton Tower, Skyhawk N647SP Tower: Skyhawk N647SP, Easton Tower, Go Ahead Pilot: Easton Tower, Skyhawk N647SP is ## miles north east at #000 ft with information (mike) to land Ground: Skyhawk N647SP, enter a left base for runway 22, report 3 out Pilot Enter left base for runway 22, report 3 out, N647SP After Landing Tower: N647SP, exit left on delta, ground on Pilot: Left on delta, ground on (change to gnd ctrl) Pilot: Easton Ground, N647SP is on taxiway delta, request taxi to the FBO Ground: N647SP, taxi to the ramp via, Delta, Alpha Pilot: Taxi to the ramp via Delta, Alpha, N647SP Towered Airport Operations Checklist After Startup (Listen to the ATIS first) Pilot: Easton Ground, Skyhawk N647SP Ground: Skyhawk N647SP, Easton Ground, Go Ahead Pilot: Easton Ground, Skyhawk N647SP is at the Terminal with information (november), VFR departure to the North East Ground: Skyhawk N647SP, taxi to runway 22 via the ramp and Alpha Pilot: Taxi to runway 22 via the ramp and Alpha, N647SP Ready for Takeoff Pilot: Easton Tower, N647SP is ready for takeoff runway 22 Tower: N647SP, cleared for takeoff runway 22, left turnout departure approved, avoid overflight of the town of Easton at 2000ft or below Pilot: Cleared for Takeoff runway 22, left turnout, will avoid overflight of Easton, N647SP 46 P a g e

50 Appendix IV Student s Guide to Airspace Class A (IFR Only) Ceiling FL 600 Floor 18,000 MSL NO AIRWAYS IN THIS AREA Ceiling 14,500 MSL Class E Controlled airspace 30 nm Mode C 10nm Radius Class G Class E down to 700 Class G Class E down to surface Class B 1,200 Class G 4nm Ceiling 2,500 AGL Class D Ceiling: 4,000 AGL Class C Floor: 1,200 AGL 5nm Surface Chart Symbol 47 P a g e

51 Cessna Skycatcher PREFLIGHT INSPECTION Interior 1. Documents and A.R.O.W. CHECK 2. Control Lock REMOVE 3. Master Switch ON 4. Avionics Master (Listen for Fan ON/CHECK 5. Avionics Master & Master Switch OFF 6. Wing Flaps UP/DOWN 7. Fuel Quantity CHECK Exterior 1. Left Fuselage CHECK 2. Horizontal Stabilizer CHECK 3. Elevator (Two nuts) CHECK 4. Tail Tiedown REMOVE 5. Vertical Stabilizer CHECK 6. Rudder CHECK 7. Trim Tab (one nut) CHECK 8. Elevator (Two nuts) CHECK 9. ELT / GPS/ COM Antennas CHECK 10. Right Wing Flap DEFLECT/CHECK 11. Right Aileron CHECK 12. Right Strobe/NAV Light CHECK 13. Right Wing Leading Edge CHECK 14. Right Wing Tie Down REMOVE 15. Right Main Wheel/Brakes CHECK 16. Right Cabin Door CLOSED/CHECK 17. Fuel Tank Sump (TWO) DRAIN/CHECK 18. Fuel Filler Cap CHECK Cessna Skycatcher PREFLIGHT INSPECTION cont. 19. Cowl Plugs REMOVE 20. Propeller/Spinner CHECK 21. Air Filter CHECK 22. Nose Strut and Tire CHECK 23. Engine Oil (no less than 3.5 qts) CHECK 24. Fuel Sump (one under cowling) DRAIN/CHECK 25. Static Port CLEAR/CHECK 26. Left Wing Leading Edge CHECK 27. Pitot Cover REMOVE 28. Left Wing Tie Down REMOVE 29. Fuel Vent CLEAR 30. Left Landing Light/Strobe/NAV Light CHECK 31. Left Aileron CHECK 32. Left Wing Flap DEFLECT/CHECK 33. Left Main Wheel/Brakes CHECK 34. Left Cabin Door CLOSED/CHECK 35. Fuel Tank Sump (TWO) DRAIN/CHECK 36. Fuel Filler Cap CHECK 48 P a g e

52 Cessna Skycatcher ENGINE START 1. Preflight Inspection COMPLETE 2. Passenger Briefing COMPLETE 3. Rudder Pedals ADJUST 4. Seat Belts CHECK 5. Doors CLOSED/ DUAL-LOCKED 6. Electrical Equipment OFF 7. Circuit Breakers ALL IN 8. Fuel Shutoff Valve ON (IN) 9. Mixture FULL RICH 10. Carb Heat OFF 11. Master Switch ON 12. PFD NO red X s ENGINE IF ENGINE COLD a. Fuel Primer (1 to 3 STROKES) b. Throttle OPEN ¼ inch IF ENGINE WARM c. Throttle (PUMP ONCE) d. Throttle CLOSED 13. Propeller Area CLEAR 14. Magnetos START 15. Oil Pressure CHECK 16. Ammeter CHARGING 17. Avionics Master Switch ON TAXI CHECKS 1. Brakes CHECK 2. Flight Instruments CORRECT WHILE TAXIING Cessna Skycatcher BEFORE TAKEOFF 1. Parking Brake SET 2. Seatbelts Shoulder Harness CHECK 3. Doors CLOSED/ LOCKED 4. Flight Controls FREE/ CORRECT 5. Flight Instruments CHECK 6. Carb Heat OFF 7. Mixture FULL RICH 8. Fuel Primer LOCKED 9. Fuel Shutoff ON (IN) 10. Throttle 1700 RPM 11. Magnetos LEFT/RIGHT/BOTH (max 150 rpm drop, 50rpm difference) 12. Engine Gauges CHECK/GREEN 13. Carb Heat CHECK 14. Throttle ILDE 15. Avionics and Radios SET 16. Transponder SET/ ALT 17. Strobes/NAV/Landing Light ON NORMAL TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps SET 10 deg 2. Carb Heat OFF 3. Mixture RICH 4. Rotate 55 KIAS 5. Climb KIAS 49 P a g e

53 Cessna 162 Skycatcher SHORT FIELD TAKEOFF 1. Wing Flaps SET 10 deg 2. Carb Heat OFF 3. Brakes APPLY 4. Throttle FULL (IN) 5. Engine Instruments CHECK 6. Brakes RELEASE 7. Climb 55 KIAS CRUISE CHECK 1. Flaps UP 2. Power RPM 3. Trim SET 4. Mixture LEAN (SET) Cessna 162 Skycatcher SECURING AIRCRAFT 1. Parking Brake SET 2. Throttle IDLE 3. Electrical Equipment OFF 4. Magnetos GROUNDING/ILDE 5. Mixture IDLE/CUTOFF 6. Master Switch OFF 7. Ignition Switch OFF 8. Gust Lock INSTALL PRE-LANIDNG CHECK 1. ATIS/ASOS/AWOS Weather OBTAINED 2. Altimeter SET 3. Power AS DESIRED 4. Mixture FULL RICH 5. Landing Light ON 6. Wing Flaps AS DESIRED AFTER LANDING 1. Carb Heat OFF 2. Wing Flaps UP 3. Strobes/Unnecessary Electrical OFF 4. Transponder STANDBY 50 P a g e

54 Cessna 162 Skycatcher ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT 1. Best Glide 70kts 2. Ignition ON/BOTH 3. Carb Heat ON 4. Throttle IDLE 5. Mixture RICH 6. Fuel Shutoff (IN) ON 7. Primer LOCKED Try and Restart If Power Not Restored LAND WITHOUT ENGINE POWER Notify ATC Transponder 7700 EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 1. Best Glide 70kts 2. Seat Belts SECURE 3. Ignition OFF 4. Electrical Switches OFF 5. Mixture IDLE/CUTOFF 6. Fuel Shutoff OFF 7. Doors OPEN 8. Flaps As req. 9. Master Switch (Landing Assured) OFF Exit to Rear of Plane Cessna 162 Skycatcher ELECTRICAL FIRE 1. Master Switch OFF 2. Vents, Cabin Air, Cabin Heat OFF 3. Fire Extinguisher ACTIVATE 4. Avionics Master OFF 5. Electrical Switches OFF If Fire is Extinguished 6. Vents, Cabin Heat, Air OPEN 7. Master Switch ON 8. Circuit Breakers (don t reset tripped breakers) 9. Radio Switches OFF 10. Avionics Master ON 11. Radio Switches ONE AT A TIME ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 1. Mixture IDLE/CUTOFF 2. Fuel Shutoff OFF 3. Master Switch OFF 4. Cabin Heat OFF 5. Airspeed 85kts Execute EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER EMERGENCY DESCENT 1. Throttle IDLE 2. Airspeed 70kts 3. Flaps FULL 4. Notify ATC P a g e

55 Cessna 162 Skycatcher Engine Continental O RPM Oil Full 5 QTS Min Local 3.5 QTS Min X-ctry 4 QTS Max Gross Weight 1320 LBS Fuel 100LL (Blue), 100 (Green) Total Fuel Usable Fuel 25.5 GAL 24 GAL Electrical System 12 VOLT Speeds Best Glide Speed Stall (Vso) Stall (Vs1) Rotate (Vr) Best Angle (Vx) Best Rate (Vy) 70 KIAS 37 KIAS 41 KIAS 55 KIAS 57 KIAS 62 KIAS Maneuvering Speed (Va) 1320 LBS 100 KIAS 1200 LBS 85 KIAS Flaps Extended (Vfe) KIAS KIAS 25-FULL 70 KIAS 52 P a g e

56 Cessna 172S Skyhawk PRE-LANDING CHECK 1. ATIS/AWOS/ASOS OBTAIN 2. Seat Belts CHECK 3. Autopilot OFF 4. Master Switch ON 5. Ignition BOTH 6. Circuit Breakers ALL IN 7. Landing Light AS REQ. 8. Mixture (Push) RICH 9. Fuel Selector ON/BOTH 10. Flaps as Required. CHECK o kts o kts o kts AFTER LANDING CHECK RPM CHECK 2. Flaps UP 3. Transponder STANDBY 4. Strobes OFF 5. Contact Ground as Required. 121.##* SECURING AIRCRAFT 1. Radios and Electrical Equipment OFF 2. Magnetos Grounding (IDLE) CHECK 3. Mixture (PULL) IDLE-CUT-OFF 4. Ignition (When Propeller Stops) OFF 5. MASTER SWITCH OFF 6. Control Lock INSTALL 7. Air Vents CLOSED 8. Forms (HOBBS and TAC) RECORDED Cessna 172S Skyhawk INTERIOR 1. Documents (ARROW) ON BOARD 2. Control Lock REMOVE 3. Radios, Avionics, and Electrical- OFF 4. Battery Switch ON 5. Avionics Switch ON 6. Avionics Fan AUDIBLE 7. Annunciator Panel TEST 8. Avionics Switch OFF 9. Fuel Gauges CHECK 10. Lights (Night Operation: CHECK 11. Flaps DOWN 12. Battery Switch OFF 13. Fuel Selector ON/BOTH EXTERIOR 1. Left Fuselage CHECK 2. Empenage and Tail Tie Down CHK/REMOVE 3. Right Fuselage CHECK 4. Right Flaps, Aileron, and Nav Light. CHECK 5. Right Tie Down REMOVE 6. Fuel Sumps (5) and Quantity CHECK (10 gal/hr) 7. Oil Quantity (8 qts) & Belly Fuel Sump (3) CHECK 8. Air Filter, Alternator, Nose Strut CHECK 9. Static Port, Pitot, and Stall Slot CHECK 10. Left Tie Down REMOVE 11. Landing Light and Taxi Light CHECK 12. Left Nav Light, Aileron, and Flaps CHECK 13. Left Sumps (5) and Quantity CHECK (10 gal/hr) 14. General Walk Around CHECK 15. Chocks Remove CHECK 16. Don t Leave Anything Behind CHECK 53 P a g e

57 Cessna 172S Skyhawk ENGINE START 1. Seats and Belts SECURED 2. Brakes TEST 3. Radios and Electrical OFF 4. Fuel Selector ON/BOTH 5. Beacon ON 6. Circuit Breakers ALL IN 7. Throttle OPEN 1/4-1/2 8. Mixture FULL IN 9. Battery Switch ON 10. Fuel Pump 3-4 SECONDS 11. Mixture IDLE/ CUT-OFF 12. Area Clear/Ignition Start START 13. Mixture (On Engine Firing) FULL RICH 14. Throttle 1000 RPM CHECK 15. Oil Pressure (Green) CHECK 16. Alternator Switch ON 17. Ammeter CHARGING 18. Avionics Switch ON 19. TRANSPONDER ON 20. Flaps RETRACT 21. ATIS/ AWOS/ ASOS OBTAIN 22. Clearance Delivery/Taxi (as req.) OBTAIN PRE-TAXI CHECK 1. Mixture Lean on Ground 1 INCH 2. Altimeter SET 3. TRANSPONDER CODE SET & ALT 4. Area Clear (R,N,L) CHECK 5. Brakes Release and Test CHECK 6. Ground Control (as req.) 121.##* Cessna 172S Skyhawk ENGINE AND SYSTEM CHECK RPM SET 2. Flight Controls Free and Correct CHECK 3. Fuel Selector BOTH 4. Circuit Breakers ALL IN 5. Flight Instruments SET 6. Throttle 1800 RPM 7. Magnetos (LEFT RIGHT BOTH) CHECK 8. Engine and Suction Gauges CHECK 9. Annunciators TEST 10. Throttle to Idle CHECK 11. Avionics and Radios, TXPNDR CHECK/ ALT 12. Auto Pilot OFF BEFORE TAKE OFF 1. Flaps, 10 degrees, VISUALLY CHECK AS REQUIRED 2. Mixture (PUSH) FULL RICH 3. Trim (take off), Throttle Tension CHECK 4. Doors and Windows CLOSED/LOCK 5. Strobes ON 6. Circuit Breakers IN 7. TRANSPONDER ALT 8. Contact Tower Frequency CRUISE CHECKLIST 1. Throttle AS REQUIRED 2. Engine Instruments CHECK 3. Landing Light OFF 4. Flaps Up CHECK 5. Mixture Slowly Lean (1 INCH) AS REQUIRED 54 P a g e

58 Cessna 172S Skyhawk ENGINE FAILURE IN FLIGHT 8. Best Glide 68kts 9. Ignition ON/BOTH 10. Fuel Pump ON 11. Mixture FULL RICH 12. Fuel Shutoff (IN) ON 13. Fuel Selector ON/BOTH Try and Restart If Power Not Restored LAND WITHOUT ENGINE POWER Notify ATC Transponder 7700 EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 10. Best Glide 68kts 11. Seat Belts SECURE 12. Ignition OFF 13. Electrical Switches OFF 14. Mixture IDLE/CUTOFF 15. Fuel Shutoff OFF 16. Fuel Selector OFF/LEFT 17. Doors OPEN 18. Flaps As req. 19. Master Switch (Landing Assured) OFF Exit to Rear of Plane EMERGENCY DESCENT Cessna 172S Skyhawk ELECTRICAL FIRE 12. Master Switch OFF 13. Vents, Cabin Air, Cabin Heat OFF 14. Fire Extinguisher ACTIVATE 15. Avionics Master OFF 16. Electrical Switches OFF If Fire is Extinguished 17. Vents, Cabin Heat, Air OPEN 18. Master Switch ON 19. Circuit Breakers (don t reset tripped breakers) 20. Radio Switches OFF 21. Avionics Master ON 22. Radio Switches ONE AT A TIME ENGINE FIRE IN FLIGHT 6. Mixture IDLE/CUTOFF 7. Fuel Shutoff OFF 8. Fuel Selector OFF/LEFT 9. Fuel Pump OFF 10. Master Switch OFF 11. Cabin Heat OFF 12. Airspeed 100kts Execute EMERGENCY LANDING WITHOUT ENGINE POWER 5. Throttle IDLE 6. Airspeed 85kts 7. Flaps FULL 8. Notify ATC P a g e

59 Cessna 172S Skyhawk Engine Oil Summer W100 Full Min Local Min X-ctry Lycoming IO RPM Winter W80 8 QTS 6 QTS 7 QTS Max Gross Weight 2550 LBS Fuel 100LL (Blue), 100 (Green) Total Fuel Usable Fuel 56 GAL 53 GAL Electrical System 24 VOLT Speeds Best Glide Speed 68 KIAS Stall (Vso) 40 KIAS Stall (Vs1) 48 KIAS Rotate (Vr) 55 KIAS Best Angle (Vx) 62 KIAS Best Rate (Vy) 74 KIAS Maneuvering Speed (Va) 2550 LBS 105 KIAS 2200 LBS 98 KIAS 1900 LBS 90 KIAS Flaps Extended (Vfe) KIAS KIAS 56 P a g e