Potential Procedures to Reduce Departure Noise at Madrid Barajas Airport

Transcription

1 F063-B-011 Potential Procedures to Reduce Departure Noise at Madrid Barajas Airport William J. Swedish Frank A. Amodeo 7 January 2001 The contents of this material reflect the views of the authors, and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea (Aena), the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration, or any other party.

2 2 Proposed Runway Configuration 0 Predominant flow is northbound New Runways N

3 3 0 Southbound departures today can turn and avoid noisesensitive areas (red and orange) 0 Parallel departures would need to fly closer to these areas N (not to scale)

4 Independent Parallel Departures Standard ICAO/FAA Departure Procedures 4 0 Departure tracks must diverge by 15 immediately after takeoff - One track straight or turns away (implied) 760 m (2500 ft)

5 5 Southbound Departures 0 Greatest noise impact would be due to southbound departures at night ( local time), - Noise Impact is population exposed to critical noise levels = 65 dba in daytime = 55 dba at night 0 Recommendation: To reduce noise impact for these departures, use only one runway - New Runway 15L, farther away from sensitive areas - Single departure track over open land - Less capacity, but demand is light

6 6 Alternative Procedures for Parallel Departures 0 As traffic grows, single runway may not provide enough departure capacity at night 0 Varying the departure flight paths may reduce noise impact compared to standard procedures - Reduce divergence angle to avoid populated areas, or - Turn both in same direction 0 Feasibility of such techniques at Barajas is not assured

7 Reduce Divergence Angle for Independent Departures 7 0 ICAO standard procedure: 15 divergence 0 10 divergence - Implemented at Toronto, Canada (3300 m runway spacing) - Investigating 5 divergence 0 Parallel departures for 5 NM - Implemented at Paris Charles de Gaulle (3000 m runway spacing) - Requires positive course guidance (e.g., VOR on runway centerline)

8 Toronto Pearson International Airport 3300 m (10,800 ft) Runway Spacing 8 0 Even at 5 divergence, there would be more separation between adjacent aircraft than ICAO standard case (15 divergence and 760 m) until >6 NM from runway end - 10 departure divergence ==> 15 NM Toronto m (14000 ft) 3290 m (10800 ft) m (10640 ft) 3750 m (12300 ft) 760 m (2500 ft) ICAO 5 NM 6 NM

9 9 Turn Both Departures in Same Direction 0 Concept: Independent departures with same-direction turns - New procedure, not explicitly covered by ICAO PANS = Would require more analysis, much testing - Need to ensure separation between departures = Minimum straight segment required on outside runway = Protects against a slow climb to 400 ft before turn from inside runway ~ 2 NM

10 Turn Both Departures in Same Direction (continued) 10 0 Independent departures with same-direction turns - New procedure with safety issues - Straight segment before turn takes aircraft closer to noisesensitive area = Will increase noise impact compared to turn at runway end 0 Alternative concept: Dependent departures with same-direction turns - Interval (e.g., 60 sec) between departures on different runways = Provides longitudinal separation - Departure capacity is function of this interval

11 Dependent Departures with Same-Direction Turns 11 0 Advantages - Turns are not simultaneous (side-by-side) = Straight segment not required - Procedure can be implemented gradually = Start with 60 sec inter-runway separation (for radar separation), reduce as pilots and controllers gain experience and confidence 0 Some safety questions - How close could the aircraft be? - What if one aircraft goes straight ( blunders )?

12 12 Preliminary Monte Carlo Simulation 0 Used simple dynamic model to calculate the Closest Point of Approach (CPA) 0 Departures from Runways 15L/R - Turn Angles from 15R: 5, 10, 15 - Divergence: 0 (parallel), 5, 10, 15 - Also blunders (15L departure does not turn) 0 Variable parameters - Takeoff Speed - Heading after Turn - Start of Turn

13 Mean and Minimum CPAs 5 Turn 30 sec. inter-runway departure 15R separation 5 Degree Turn Mean CPA Distance (feet) Diverging Diverging turns turns are are still still required, required, to to increase increase minimum minimum CPA CPA Mean 15R #1 Mean 15R #2 Min 15R#1 Min 15R # Minimum CPA Other Turn Angle

14 Conclusions 14 0 High noise impact for southbound night departures (2% of year) can be greatly reduced by using only a single runway for departures 0 Reducing departure divergence, if feasible at Barajas, could potentially reduce noise impact and/or provide additional departure capacity 0 Dependent departure / same direction turn procedure appears promising, but further analysis is needed - Especially blunder performance