Encyclopedia of Flight Table of Contents

Transcription

1 Encyclopedia of Flight Table of Contents Publisher's Note vii Contributors ix Introduction xi A Accident investigation, 1 Advanced propulsion, 5 Advanced Space Transportation Program, 9 Aer Lingus, 12 Aerobatics, 14 Aerodynamics, 17 Aeroflot, 22 Aeromexico, 23 Aeronautical engineering, 25 Aerospace industry, U.S., 28 Ailerons and flaps, 32 Air Canada, 33 Air carriers, 34 Air Combat Command, 39 Air Force, U.S., 42 Air Force bases, 47 Air Force One, 50 Air France, 52 Air rage, 54 Air shows, 57 Air traffic control, 59 Airbus, 63 Aircraft carriers, 67 Airfoils, 70 Airline Deregulation Act, 72 Airline industry, U.S., 75 Airmail delivery, 81 Airplanes, 84 Airport security, 88 Airports, 92 Alitalia, 97 Altitude, 99 American Airlines, 101 Animal flight, 104 Antiaircraft fire, 108 Apache helicopter, 110 Apollo Program, 111 Neil Armstrong, 114 Astronauts and cosmonauts, 115 Jacqueline Auriol, 120 Autopilot, 120 Avionics, 122

2 B Baggage handling and regulations, 125 Balloons, 127 Barnstorming, 131 Bats, 132 Battle of Britain, 134 Beechcraft, 137 Bell Aircraft, 139 Bermuda Triangle, 141 Biplanes, 143 Birds, 146 Black Sheep Squadron, 148 Blimps, 149 Blue Angels, 151 Boarding procedures, 153 Boeing, 154 Bombers, 157 Boomerangs, 161 Richard Branson, 163 Wernher von Braun, 164 British Airways, 165 Buoyant aircraft, 167 Richard E. Byrd, 170 C Cargo aircraft, 172 Sir George Cayley, 174 Cessna Aircraft Company, 175 Octave Chanute, 177 Jacqueline Cochran, 179 Cockpit, 180 Bessie Coleman, 182 Commercial flight, 183 Communication, 187 Concorde, 190 Continental Airlines, 193 Corporate and private jets, 196 Crewed spaceflight, 198 Crop dusting, 202 Glenn H. Curtiss, 203 D DC plane family, 205 Delta Air Lines, 208 Dirigibles, 211 Dogfights, 215 Jimmy Doolittle, 217 Doppler radar, 218 Dresden, Germany, bombing, 220 Hugh L. Dryden, 223 E Eagle, 225

3 Amelia Earhart, 227 EgyptAir, 229 El Al, 231 Emergency procedures, 232 Enola Gay, 235 Evolution of animal flight, 237 Experimental aircraft, 241 F Federal Aviation Administration, 245 Fighter pilots, 249 Fighting Falcon, 251 Firefighting aircraft, 253 Flight attendants, 256 Flight control systems, 259 Flight plans, 262 Flight recorder, 263 Flight schools, 265 Flight simulators, 269 Flying Fortress, 270 Flying Tigers, 272 Flying wing, 274 Fokker aircraft, 275 Food service, 278 Forces of flight, 281 Steve Fossett, 284 Franco-Prussian War, 286 Frequent flier miles, 287 G Yuri Gagarin, 290 Roland Garros, 291 Gemini Program, 292 John Glenn, 295 Gliders, 297 Robert H. Goddard, 299 Goodyear blimp, 301 Gravity, 303 Guernica, Spain, bombing, 305 Guidance systems, 309 Gulf War, 311 Gyros, 314 H Hang gliding and paragliding, 318 Harrier jets, 320 Heavier-than-air craft, 322 Helicopters, 326 High-altitude flight, 330 High-speed flight, 333 Hijacking, 336 Hindenburg, 340 History of human flight, 343

4 Hornet, 349 Hot-air balloons, 351 Hovercraft, 353 Howard R. Hughes, 356 Human-powered flight, 357 Hypersonic aircraft, 360 I Iberia Airlines, 364 Icing, 365 Insects, 367 Instrumentation, 370 J Japan Airlines, 373 Jennys, 374 Jet engines, 376 Jet packs, 380 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 381 Amy Johnson, 384 Johnson Space Center, 385 Jumbojets, 387 K Kamikaze missions, 391 Kennedy Space Center, 394 Kites, 396 KLM, 398 Korean Air, 400 Korean War, 402 L Landing gear, 405 Landing procedures, 407 Samuel Pierpont Langley, 409 Learjets, 410 Leonardo da Vinci, 411 Lighter-than-air craft, 413 Otto Lilienthal, 417 Charles A. Lindbergh, 419 Lockheed Martin, 420 Lufthansa, 423 Luftwaffe, 425 M McDonnell Douglas, 429 Mach number, 431 Maintenance, 433 Manufacturers, 436 Marine pilots, U.S., 440 Beryl Markham, 442 MD plane family, 444 Mercury project, 446

5 Mergers, 449 Messerschmitt aircraft, 451 Microgravity, 453 Military flight, 455 Missiles, 460 Billy Mitchell, 463 Model airplanes, 464 Monoplanes, 465 Montgolfier brothers, 467 N National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, 469 National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 472 National Transportation Safety Board, 476 Navy pilots, U.S., 479 Ninety-nines, 481 Northwest Airlines, 483 O Hermann Oberth, 485 Orbiting, 486 Osprey helicopter, 488 Overbooking, 490 P Pan Am World Airways, 493 Paper airplanes, 495 Parachutes, 497 Parasailing, 499 Passenger regulations, 501 Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, bombing, 502 Auguste Piccard, 506 Pilots and copilots, 507 Piper aircraft, 510 Wiley Post, 513 Ludwig Prandtl, 514 Propellers, 515 Propulsion, 517 PSA, 522 Q Qantas, 524 R Radar, 526 Ramjets, 530 Raptor, 533 Reconnaissance, 534 Record flights, 537 Reentry, 541 Hanna Reitsch, 544 Rescue aircraft, 545 Manfred von Richthofen, 547

6 Eddie Rickenbacker, 549 Sally K. Ride, 551 Rocket propulsion, 552 Rockets, 554 Roll and pitch, 558 Rotorcraft, 560 Royal Air Force, 562 Rudders, 565 Runway collisions, 566 Runways, 569 Russian space program, 570 Burt Rutan, 574 S Safety issues, 576 Antoine de Saint-Exupréy, 579 Alberto Santos-Dumont, 581 SAS, 582 Satellites, 584 Saturn rockets, 588 Seaplanes, plane family, 594 Alan Shepard, 598 Igor Sikorsky, 599 Singapore Airlines, 600 Skydiving, 601 Skywriting, 603 Sopwith Camels, 605 Sound barrier, 607 Southwest Airlines, 609 Space shuttle, 611 Spaceflight, 616 Spanish Civil War, 620 Spirit of St. Louis, 623 Spitfire, 625 Spruce Goose, 626 Sputnik, 630 Stabilizers, 633 Stealth bomber, 634 Stealth fighter, 635 Strategic Air Command, 637 Stratofortress, 640 Superfortress, 643 Supersonic aircraft, 645 Swissair, 647 T Tactical Air Command, 650 Tail designs, 651 Takeoff procedures, 655 Taxiing procedures, 658 Valentina Tereshkova, 660 Terrorism, 661

7 Test pilots, 666 Testing, 669 Ticketing, 672 Tomcat, 673 Training and education, 676 Trans World Airlines, 679 Transatlantic flight, 682 Transcontinental flight, 686 Transglobal flight, 689 Transport aircraft, 692 Triplanes, 696 Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, 697 Andrei Nikolayevich Tupolev, 698 Turbojets and turbofans, 699 Turboprops, 702 Tuskegee Airmen, 703 U UFOs, 707 Ultralight aircraft, 712 Uncrewed spaceflight, 714 Uninhabited aerial vehicles, 717 United Air Lines, 720 US Airways, 723 V Vanguard Program, 726 Jules Verne, 729 Vertical takeoff and landing, 730 Vietnam War, 731 Viking Program, 736 Virgin Atlantic, 738 "Vomit Comet", 740 Voyager Program, 742 W Wake turbulence, 745 Weather conditions, 746 Whirly-Girls, 750 Richard Whitcomb, 752 Wind-powered flight, 753 Wind shear, 757 Wind tunnels, 758 Wing designs, 762 Wing-walking, 765 Winglets, 767 Winnie Mae, 768 Women and flight, 769 Women's Airforce Service Pilots, 773 World War I, 774 World War II, 779 Wright brothers, 785 Wright Flyer, 786

8 X X planes, 789 Y Chuck Yeager, 793 Z Ferdinand von Zeppelin, 795 Glossary, 797 Bibliography, 803 Web Sites, 811 Organizations and Agencies, 823 Flight Schools and Training Centers in North America, 830 Museums of North America, 843 International Airports, 853 Air Carriers, 859 Airplane Types, 866 Time Line, 878 Air Disasters and Notable Crashes, 889 Alphabetical Index of Entries XXVII Categorized Index of Entries XXXI Subject Index XXXVII