Tech-Design. Flight Simulation. Student Guide eseries. Edition Q0

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3 Tech-Design Flight Simulation eseries Edition Q0

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5 FIRST EDITION First Printing, June 2010 Copyright 2010 Lab-Volt Systems, Inc All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopied, recorded, or otherwise, without prior written permission from Lab-Volt Systems, Inc Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc The Lab-Volt software and other materials described in this document are furnished under a license agreement or a nondisclosure agreement The software may be used or copied only in accordance with the terms of the agreement ISBN Lab-Volt, Tech-Design and Mind-Sight logos are registered trademarks of Lab-Volt Systems, Inc Flight Simulator is a trademark of Bruce Artwick Lab-Volt recognizes product names as trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders Videos courtesy of King Schools, Inc Certain clipart and images used within this course are used with permission from: Copyright 2003 Microsoft Corporation, One Microsoft Way, Redmond, Washington , USA All rights reserved wwwablestockcom Copyright 2003 Lab-Volt Systems, Inc and its licensors All rights reserved wwwcomstockcom All rights reserved Copyright 2009 JUPITERIMAGES, and its licensors CorelDRAW 9 All rights reserved All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners Other trademarks and trade names may be used in this document to refer to either the entity claiming the marks and names or their products Lab-Volt Systems, Inc disclaims any proprietary interest in trademarks and trade names other than its own

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7 Flight Simulation Table of Contents Introduction1 Aviation3 To-Do List 3 Study Guide4 Controls and Instruments5 To-Do List 5 Study Guide6 Video Response: Flight Controls8 Taxiing and Takeoff10 To-Do List 10 Study Guide11 Flying12 To-Do List 12 Study Guide13 Landing14 To-Do List 14 Study Guide15 The Instrument Panel and Licenses16 To-Do List 16 Study Guide17 Video Response: Pilot Licenses19 The Jet Engine20 To-Do List 20 Study Guide21 Video Response: Parts of the Jet Engine22 Stall23 To-Do List 23 Study Guide24 Impacts Video Response: Air Pollution25 Impacts Video Response: Noise Pollution26 Coordinated and Uncoordinated Flight27 To-Do List 27 Study Guide28 Slip and Loop-the-Loop29 To-Do List 29 Study Guide30 More Maneuvers31 To-Do List 31 Study Guide32 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt vii

8 Table of Contents Flight Simulation Careers and Practice Flying33 To-Do List 33 Study Guide34 Appendices35 Independent Study Project Proposal37 Topic Outline38 Bibliography39 Activities40 Drawings41 viii Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

9 Introduction Introduction This is organized by unit In each unit you may find: Unit Objectives New Terms and Words To-Do List Study Guide Data sheets (worksheets) Video response sheets The Unit Objectives are a summary of what you can expect to learn in the unit New Terms and Words provide the definitions for words you may not be familiar with If you come across any other words you do not understand, look them up in a dictionary, write the definitions, and add them to your Understanding vocabulary is the biggest key to understanding any information The To-Do List helps you keep track of all the work you do The Study Guide will help you to take notes as you read the unit You can use this to study for the unit test You can use all of the unit Study Guides to study for the course test Data sheets or worksheets provide space to record information or answer questions about activities Some also give you a place to write down the details of your projects Video response sheets are worksheets that go with the videos you will watch After you watch a video, answer the questions on the video response sheet You can save any other work you do for this course in this guide Use the to study what you have learned Your teacher may also ask to collect your work for a grade Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 1

10 Introduction 2 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

11 Flight Simulation Unit Details Aviation Objectives During this unit, you will: find out the role of air transportation in today s society identify the parts of a plane discover how airplane pilots use a flight simulator to sharpen their skills To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Activity Guide: Introduction Flight Timeline Activity Unit Test Additional Equipment Required Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 3

12 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Aviation I Major Parts of Airplanes A The is the front of the airplane B In small airplanes, the is typically installed on the nose C The body of the airplane is known as the D The pilot sits and controls the airplane from the E The contains the airplane s wheels F The wings provide the that allows the plane to G The wings contain two control surfaces known as and H The are used to turn the airplane in flight I The are generally used during takeoff and landings J The back of the airplane contains the, which provides K The tail has two control surfaces: the and the II Flight Simulator A A flight simulator consists of hardware and software that an actual aircraft B It permits student pilots to at low risk C The hardware of the simulator includes:, and D The software of the simulator provides the and 4 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

13 Flight Simulation Unit Details Controls and Instruments Objectives During this unit, you will: become familiar with the flight controls and the instrument panel start building a model aircraft experience the thrill of flying understand what flying skills you have to master To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Paper Aircraft Construction Cut Airplane Parts Video Response: Flight Controls Activity Guide: Flying the Plane Unit Test Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Ruler Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 5

14 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Controls and Instruments I Flight Controls A The simplest airplane maneuvers a pilot needs to control include:, and B The pilot uses the,, and C Control Wheel to accomplish the control 1 The controls the and control surfaces 2 Turning the to the right makes the plane turn to the 3 Pulling the toward the pilot makes the plane D Rudder Control 1 The tail rudder is controlled by the 2 Turning the rudder makes the plane 3 Stepping on the right makes the plane yaw to the E Speed Control 1 The controls the airplane speed 2 Changes in the position change the engine propeller s 3 The throttle controls the airplane speed on the as well as II Instrument Panel 6 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

15 Flight Simulation Unit Details A The instrument panel is located in the, right of the pilot B The indicates how high the plane is flying C The direction, or heading, of the airplane is shown by the, which shows direction with respect to the magnetic D The also shows direction, driven by an onboard gyroscope E The shows how fast the plane is flying F The position of the plane with respect to the horizon is shown by the Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 7

16 Unit Details Flight Simulation Video Response: Flight Controls View the video, Flight Controls, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this worksheet Where is the stabilator located? How does the stabilator move? How can you move up the trailing edge of the stabilator? What happens to the plane when the stabilator trailing edge is moved up? What movable tail component makes it easier to control the stabilator? How is the trim path moved by the pilot? How is an airplane turned? What component is used to make the wings bank from a level position? Where are the ailerons located? How do the ailerons move to make the plane turn left? What does the pilot do to make the plane turn? What is the role of the rudder? How is the rudder controlled by the pilot? What is a common tendency of propeller-driven airplanes and how is it controlled? 8 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

17 Flight Simulation Unit Details When is the left-turning tendency of propeller-driven planes experienced most? Which plane seat is normally used by the pilot? Which plane controller is used to control speed? Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 9

18 Unit Details Flight Simulation Taxiing and Takeoff Objectives During this unit, you will: continue working on your model aircraft develop airplane taxiing skills learn and apply takeoff skills To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Model Aircraft Construction Complete up to Step 4 Activity Guide: Taxiing Activity Guide: Takeoff Unit Test Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Ruler Glue Binder Clips Tweezers Straight Pins Microsoft Flight Simulator Software 10 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

19 Flight Simulation Unit Details Study Guide Taxiing and Takeoff I Taxiing A Controlling the movement of the airplane while is known as taxiing B Steering on the ground is accomplished with the, not the C When the pilot steps on the right pedal, the plane steers to the D In real airplanes the brake pedals are located right above the E The breaking function in the flight simulator is provided by a on the left grip of the F In order to release the simulated breaks, you need to press the keyboard or the on the yoke II Takeoff A The first thing a pilot does for a takeoff is the airplane of the runway B The pilot lines up the with the center of the runway and makes sure the plane faces the C Taking off into the creates more airplane D In order to take off, the pilot pulls when the plane has achieved takeoff Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 11

20 Unit Details Flight Simulation Flying Objectives During this unit, you will: perform a flight test on your paper aircraft practice straight and level flight develop skills to change the flight direction of the airplane To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Finishing Touches White Wings Instruction Manual How to Pilot Activity Guide: Straight and Level Flight Unit Test Complete the Finishing Touches and Test Flight Sections Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Ruler Glue Binder Clips Tweezers Straight Pins Microsoft Flight Simulator Software 12 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

21 Flight Simulation Unit Details Study Guide Flying I Airplanes experience four forces in flight:,, A Straight-Level Flying, and 1 When the plane is flying straight and constant level, the equals the, and the equals the 2 The and should remain B Turning constant 1 The is turned in the of the desired airplane s turn 2 The corresponding to the desired turn is also pressed 3 In addition, the must be up a little in order to maintain constant 4 The in the instrument panel provides an indication of the degree of banking of the wings Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 13

22 Unit Details Flight Simulation Landing Objectives During this unit, you will: understand the skills required for landing safely an airplane practice landing an airplane To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Activity Guide: Landing Unit Test Additional Equipment Required Microsoft Flight Simulator Software 14 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

23 Flight Simulation Unit Details Study Guide Landing I Landing Characteristics A Landing is one of the most and parts of flying B Landings can be particularly hazardous C It may be very difficult to land with II Landing Procedure A Before landing the airplane, the pilot should go over the B The landing speed is than the cruising speed C The pilot must maintain a steady when preparing to land the plane D As the plane descends, the pilot should the air-fuel mixture as the air increases at lower altitudes E The plane must be with the runway for a landing Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 15

24 Unit Details Flight Simulation The Instrument Panel and Licenses Objectives During this unit, you will: begin work on a second model airplane identify the instruments on an airplane s instrument panel discover the differences between the various types of pilot s licenses experience your first solo flight To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Model Aircraft Directions Cut Model Airplane Parts Activity Guide: Solo Flight Video Response: Pilot Licenses Unit Test Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Microsoft Flight Simulator Software 16 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

25 Flight Simulation Unit Details Study Guide The Instrument Panel and Licenses I The Instrument Panel A It is located in the of the B The primary function of this panel is to provide the pilot with the information needed for C The airspeed indicator is located on the of the panel, and shows the speed D Airspeed is measured in, or E The attitude indicator is located next to, and shows the position of the F The altimeter is to the right of, and shows the altitude of the plane with respect to G The altimeter is calibrated in H The radio magnetic indicator, also known as RMI, is located the airspeed indicator, and shows airplane radio signals with information combining detection I The heading indicator is located to the right, and also provides heading information derived from an J The main function of the RMI and the heading indicator is to show of the flight K The vertical speed indicator, or VSI, located to the right of the heading indicator, shows the speed L The right end of the panel contains II Pilot Licenses Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 17

26 Unit Details Flight Simulation A Pilots generally start flying planes B The first and most restricted license is called license 1 This license limits the pilot to fly small planes 2 The pilot can carry passengers within miles from an airport C The next step-up license is called the license 1 The pilot can carry passengers distance limitation 2 A private pilot may land small airports 3 A private pilot is to charge for his services D A pilot needs in order to fly in bad weather E The most demanding license is the license 1 This license allows pilots to fly for purposes and for their services 2 They are permitted to fly all airplanes 18 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

27 Flight Simulation Unit Details Video Response: Pilot Licenses View the video, Pilot Licenses, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this worksheet Which pilot s license is typically obtained first? How much does a recreational pilot license cost? How far can you carry a passenger when you have a recreational pilot license? Which license is a step up from a recreational pilot license? What type of airports can a licensed private pilot use? How many tower-controlled airports are there in the United States? How much does a private pilot license cost? What is required to fly under all weather conditions? What licenses allow a pilot to carry passenger or cargo for hire? Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 19

28 Unit Details Flight Simulation The Jet Engine Objectives During this unit, you will: continue building your second model airplane identify the parts of a jet engine To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Model Aircraft Directions Complete up to Step 4 Video Response: Parts of the Jet Engine Unit Test Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Glue Tweezers Ruler Binder Clips Straight Pins 20 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

29 Flight Simulation Unit Details Study Guide The Jet Engine I The most common type of jet engine is called A The turbofan engine is used in jet airplanes B They have major parts 1 It has a at the front end responsible for air into the engine a Part of the incoming air is used for by mixing it with fuel b Part of the incoming air the engine and flows out along with the combustion exhaust 2 The incoming air goes into the section a The compressor increases the air b The compressed air is propelled to the section 3 The combustion takes place in the section a Air is mixed for combustion b This is the part of the engine 4 The hot combustion exhaust goes to the section a The hot air the turbine b The turbine provides the the fan and the compressor 5 The hot gases are exhausted through the section a The nozzle is shaped to increase of the exhaust gas b Some nozzles are pointed for special aircraft II A less common jet engine does not have a front-end fan, and is called Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 21

30 Unit Details Flight Simulation Video Response: Parts of the Jet Engine View the video, Parts of the Jet Engine, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this worksheet What part of the jet engine takes in air? How is the incoming air compressed? Where does the compressed air go? What happens after the air-fuel mixture ignites and burns? What is the jet exhaust used for? What are the five key stages of the jet engine? What is the name of the jet engine that has a fan at the front end? Can a jet engine work without a fan at the front end? Which physics principle explains how a jet engine propels the airplane? What are the main sections of the turbojet engine? 22 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

31 Flight Simulation Unit Details Stall Objectives During this unit, you will: finish building your second airplane examine a condition called stall practice maneuvering a plane during a stall To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Model Aircraft Directions Activity Guide: How to Perform a Stall Impact Video Response: Air Pollution Impact Video Response: Noise Pollution Unit Test Complete Model Airplane Assembly Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Ruler Glue Binder Clips Tweezers Straight Pins Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 23

32 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Stall I A stall condition occurs when there is no A This can happen when the wing is pitched with respect to the B The air flow during a stall is called C The air flow does not follow the during a stall D The is the area behind the wing E The air moves in in the wake of a stalled wing F A stall condition can cause the airplane to rapidly II Recovery from a Stall A Pilots must practice from a stall B As soon as a stall condition is detected, the pilot needs to the pitch of the wing C As the wing pitch decreases, the pilot needs to apply allowed power D Finally, the pilot needs to return to flying 24 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

33 Flight Simulation Unit Details Impacts Video Response: Air Pollution View the video, Air Pollution, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this worksheet What is the major air pollution concern for people that live and work near airports? How close to an airport are areas likely to be impacted by air pollution? How large is the contaminated area around a two runway airport? How large is the contaminated area around a small single runway airport? Are newer aircraft less polluting than older ones? How many people are estimated to be impacted by aircraft air pollution? What was the estimate of the United Nations for aviation s impact on air pollution? How does the number of aircraft compare to land vehicles in the United States? How much fuel does a jumbo jet use during takeoff? What other air transport chemicals in addition to fuel may be pollutants? Can de-icing chemicals be recycled? Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 25

34 Unit Details Flight Simulation Impacts Video Response: Noise Pollution View the video, Noise Pollution, in the multimedia presentation and then complete this worksheet What is the most common noise pollution complaint due to aircraft? What are some of the side effects caused by noise pollution? How well funded is research on noise pollution? What is the most common effect of loud noise pollution? What is the effect of loud noise on other diseases? How does noise affect sleep patterns? What may be the effect of loud noise on infants? 26 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

35 Flight Simulation Unit Details Coordinated and Uncoordinated Flight Objectives During this unit, you will: explore the difference between coordinated and uncoordinated flight examine what may cause a plane to spin practice going into and recovering from a plane spin To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Activity Guide: How to Perform a Spin Unit Test Additional Equipment Required Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 27

36 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Coordinated and Uncoordinated Flight I Types of Flight A When the plane flies with in the direction of travel under all conditions, it is said to have coordinated flight 1 Coordinated flight is achieved by proper use of 2 Turning the, keeping synchronism between the movement of the and, maintain the plane in balanced flight B When the nose of the plane in the direction of travel, the plane is in uncoordinated flight 1 This condition can be triggered by unexpected 2 The pilot can come out of uncoordinated flight by applying the C Spin in the direction of turn 1 The fast descent of an airplane in is called spin 2 Spin is frequently done purposely during flight 3 Unwanted spin can result in serious 4 In order to get out of the spin, the pilot needs to stop 28 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

37 Flight Simulation Unit Details Slip and Loop-the-Loop Objectives During this unit, you will: test your second model airplane examine a plane maneuver called a slip explore how to make a plane do a loop-the-loop practice maneuvering the simulated plane through a slip and a loop-the-loop To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Finishing Touches White Wings Instruction Manual How to Pilot Activity Guide: How to Perform a Slip and a Loop-the-Loop Unit Test Complete the Finishing Touches and the Test Flight Sections Additional Equipment Required White Wings Paper Airplane Kit Scissors Glue Tweezers Ruler Binder Clips Straight Pins Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 29

38 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Slip and Loop-the-Loop I Slip A Slip occurs when a plane s rate of turn is for the pitch of the B During a slip, the nose of the plane in the direction of travel C Unwanted slip is corrected with the D Unexpected can cause a slip II Loop-the-Loop A A pattern is called loop-the-loop B This is a common maneuver in 30 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

39 Flight Simulation Unit Details More Maneuvers Objectives During this unit, you will: discover four more types of airplane maneuvers practice aileron rolls, inverted flight, the split S, and the Immelmann To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Activity Guide: Practicing New Maneuvers Unit Test Additional Equipment Required Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 31

40 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide More Maneuvers I Aerobatic Maneuvers A A roll of the plane through 360º is called an 1 It is maneuver to start 2 It needs practice to rolling at time B An airplane roll that stops when the plane is upside down is called 1 It starts as a regular 2 The elevator control works during this type of flight 3 By the aileron roll the pilot can come out of this maneuver C Going from the first half of an aileron roll to the second half of a loop-the-loop is called a 1 The maneuver needs practice to get right 2 It can turn the plane in direction D The inverse of a split S is called an 1 This maneuver uses the first half of a and the second half of an 2 It is named after Max Immelmann, a pilot who developed the maneuver during 32 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

41 Flight Simulation Unit Details Careers and Practice Flying Objectives During this unit, you will: explore the different career opportunities available in the flight industry practice the maneuvers you ve learned To-Do List Complete the following assignments Use this to-do list to keep track of each task To-Do Due Date Notes Study Guide Activity Guide: Practicing the Maneuvers Career Activity Unit Test Additional Equipment Required Microsoft Flight Simulator Software Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 33

42 Unit Details Flight Simulation Study Guide Careers and Practice Flying I Careers A work for passenger airlines and cargo carriers 1 They are responsible for the they transport 2 Most are graduates of a college 3 They must pass, and are re-certified 4 They practice a variety of B The airplanes are kept in good working condition by 1 They study how to all aircraft systems 2 A is required 3 They must pass a test to gain the license C The safe takeoff and landings of all aircraft is coordinated by the 1 Advanced are used for this purpose 2 This can be a job 3 They must be and be able to work in 4 They are trained and approved by the II Practice Flying A Use the flight simulator to practice all you have learned 34 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

43 Flight Simulation Ap p e n d i c e s

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45 Flight Simulation Independent Study Project Proposal Course: Section: Topic State as specifically as possible the idea, question, and/or activity you have chosen Description State why you have chosen this topic, what you expect to learn, any previous experience you had with this topic, and the type of investigation you will conduct Materials State what materials, people, or activities will be involved in the completion of your project Due Instructor s Approval: Student s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 37

46 Independent Study Flight Simulation Topic Outline Course: Section: In the area provided, write the outline you will use for your independent study project Introduction Discussion Conclusion Due Instructor s Approval: Student s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project 38 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

47 Flight Simulation Independent Study Bibliography Course: Section: In the area provided, supply the name, author, publisher, and publication date of the references you plan to use for your independent study project Texts 1 2 Journals Others (Examples: work experience, interviews) 1 2 Due Instructor s Approval: Student s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 39

48 Independent Study Flight Simulation Activities Course: Section: In the area provided, give descriptions of the activities or exercises you plan to incorporate into your independent study project Include the materials and the time required for each of the activities or exercises Activities Exercises Due Instructor s Approval: Student s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project 40 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

49 Flight Simulation Independent Study Drawings Course: Section: In the area provided, supply rough sketches of any drawings you intend to use in your independent study project If you need additional worksheets, you may make additional copies Due Instructor s Approval: Student s Signature: Submit this proposal with your completed project Tech-Design by Lab-Volt 41

50 Independent Study Flight Simulation 42 Tech-Design by Lab-Volt

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