CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION, FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS

Transcription

1 CHAPTER 7 CONCLUSION, FINDINGS AND SUGGESTIONS 7.1. Conclusion: Tourism plays a vital role in the economic development of a country. Tourism is the second largest foreign exchange earner in India. The tourism industry employs a large number of people, both skilled and unskilled. It promotes National integration and International brotherhood. India has fascinated people from all over the world with her secularism and her culture. There are historical monuments, beaches, places of religious interests, hill resorts, etc. that attract tourists. Every region is identified with its handicraft, fairs, folk dances, music and its people. The Departments of Tourism promotes International and domestic tourism in the country. The Tourism Advisory Board recommends measures for promotion of tourist traffic in India. Indian tourism is adversely affected by terrorism, tours and pollution. Sincere efforts could help to further develop the Indian tourism industry. Tourism is one of the fastest growing industries of the world. It plays vital role in the economic development of a country. India is one of the popular tourist destinations in Asia. Bounded by the Himalayan ranges in the north and surrounded, on three sides by water (Arabian sea, Bay of Bengal and Indian Ocean), India offers a wide array of places to see and things to do. The enchanting backwaters, hill stations and landscapes make India a beautiful country. Historical monuments, forts etc. add to the grandeur of the country. They attract tourists from all over the world. The tourism industry employs a large number of people, both skilled and unskilled. Hotels, travel agencies, transport including airlines benefit a lot from this industry. Tourism promotes National integration and International understanding. It generates foreign exchange. It promotes cultural activities. Tourism also promotes the traditional handicrafts sector. The tourist gets an insight into the rich and diverse cultural heritage of India. India has a composite culture. There is a harmonious blend of art, religion and philosophy. Though India has been subjected to a serious of invasions, she has retained her originality even after absorbing the best of external influences. Religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Islam, Hinduism, Jainism, Sikhism and Zoroastrianism etc. have co-existed in India. India has fascinated people from all over the world with her secularism and her culture. The diverse geographical locales 239

2 of India delight the tourists. The monuments, museums, forts, sanctuaries, places of religious interest, palaces, etc. offer a treat to the eyes. Every region is identified with its handicrafts, fairs, folk dances, music and its people. Some of the places that attract a huge number of tourists are Agra, Jaipur, Jhansi, Hyderabad, Nalanda, Mysore, Delhi, Mahabaleshwar, Aurangabad etc. Hardwar, Ujjain, Shirdi, Varanasi, Allahabad, Puri, Ajmer, Amritsar, Vaishno Devi, Badrinath, Kedarnath, Rameshwaram etc. are places of religious importance. Srinagar, Kullu, Manali, Dehradun, Nainital, Darjeeling, Ooty etc. are famous hill resorts. The Department of Tourism was formed to promote International and domestic tourism in the country. It provides infrastructure and carries out publicity campaigns. It provides information aimed at promotion of tourist sites in the world market. It formulates policies and programmes for the promotion of tourism in India. It has officers in India and abroad. The Indian Institute of Tourism and Travel Management, The National Council for Hotel management and Catering technology etc. provide professionally trained personnel to the industry. The Tourism Advisory Board recommends measures for promotion of tourist traffic in India. It reviews the tourist trends and suggests appropriate measures. Some of the places, havelis and castles have been converted into heritage hotels. In these hotels, the tourists get the experience the exotic lifestyle of the bygone era. The exotic train palace on wheel s which travels through Rajasthan attract a lot of foreign tourists. The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) organizes entertainment programmes like folk dances and songs and provides shopping facilities. Today many private companies like Sita Travels, Club Mahindra etc. arrange domestic as well as foreign tours. With the growth of urban professional middle class, the tourism in India is flourishing; many States have taken necessary steps to promote tourism. Goa promotes water sports like sailing, scuba diving and rafting. Kashmir offers the pleasure of winter sports like skiing and mountaineering. Kerala has introduced the concept of houseboats in its lagoons. Himachal Pradesh has developed winter sports in the State. 240

3 In 2005 The Indian Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) started a campaign called Incredible India 276 to encourage tourism in India. For a better growth, the department divided different places in different section like spiritual tourism, spa tourism, ecotourism and Adventure Tourism. Things have now started looking bright for the Indian tourism industry. However the Indian tourism industry has been hit by pollution. The effluent emitted by the Mathura Refinery has led to the decolonization of the Taj Mahal in Agra. The condition of many or our monuments is deteriorating due to the negligence of the concerned authorities. On the other hand, beaches have become the dumping grounds of garbage and waste left by tourists. This nuisance should be properly monitored. Terrorism nowadays has become a global problem. Our country is also not an exception. The terrorism in Jammu and Kashmir, Maoists attacks in West Bengal and Bihar, Bodo agitations in north eastern hill areas greatly affect the tourism in our country. Kashmir is the paradise for domestic and International tourists. The terrorism in this valley not only affects the life of the common people but also the tourism, which is very important for the economy of the State. Necessary steps should be taken by the State Government as well as Central Government to prevent this menace. The tourist infrastructure in India should be strengthened. Airports and railway stations should provide information to the tourists about the tourist destination. Government owned hotels should be properly managed. The Government should also take steps for the maintenance for the tourist destination. Steps should be taken to restore the ancient splendor of the monuments. Sincere efforts could help to further develop the Indian tourism industry. Tourism is positioned as the world's largest industry and takes a pivotal role in economic, social, and cultural development. The growth of tourism is viewed and appreciated whole heartedly by the people and beneficiaries. Today tourism is an activity which affects most the world including developed and developing countries. Inbound and outbound tourism forms into International Tourism which gave birth too 276 Incredible India is the name of an international marketing campaign by the Government of India to promote tourism in India in 2002 to an audience of global appeal. Incredible India title was officially branded and promoted by Amitabh Kant, then the Joint Secretary under the Union Ministry of Tourism, in

4 many types of impacts. No doubt, tourism creates economic impacts, cultural impacts, social impacts, environmental impacts etc. only when tourism grows in a healthy way, the impacts can be positively diverted for the benefit of the people. The healthy growth of tourism vary greatly depends on the control of the very sensitive negative factors that grow along with tourism. Tourism and Environment are closely interrelated. Tourism largely depend on the environment to provide both a context and a focus for tourist activity yet those same activity has a marked capacity to devalue and destroy the environment resources upon which tourism is based. Environment effects to tourism are broadly experienced in impacts upon eco-system landscapes and build environment which reflects differences in the nature of the places that tourist visits, the level and intensity of development and the skills and expertise of resource manager. Development in the field of technology has provided the reformed infrastructural facilities so it made the world very easy to reach tourists or to travel to worldwide. Now it is considered as a goal industry. So its effects certainly extend to the whole world. Tourism police should be specially trained to use Siffer dogs to identify drug trafficking in tourist centres. Surprise checks by special squads of police in mufti may be made use of. Cases of drug trafficking detected should be severely punished as it makes a very high impact on the host community, to prevent the growth of unscientific massage parlors, license should be issued only after an appraisal and assessment. This should be done by a board consisting of Government officials, experts in Ayurveda and experts in tourism. Yearly renewal should follow a strict inspection and evaluation. Inspection squads should ensure that quality and evaluation. Inspection squads should ensure that quality and standards of service offered at these parlors. Tourism police should be extremely vigilant to detect and prevent cases of prostitution in the tourist centres. The assistance of service organizations in the host community and local bodies such as panchayaths, municipalities. Corporations, cantonments and ward committees can be called for this purpose. To refrain from commercialization of countries custom, culture tourists should be instructed to watch the country's culture, custom, art forms in its original form. a festival calendar should be prepared and provided to tourists along with 242

5 broachers or through the website. Only licensed hotels should be permitted to arrange the staging of Art forms and it should be permitted only by genuine and licensed artists. Cancellation of license may be done in cases of malpractices. Provision of all toll free telephone to tourist at every 50 meters in tourists centres would prevent exploitation on tourists by hosts. Tourism police in the centres should attend to such complaints within five minutes of the call. Presence of police should be felt in tourist centres through patrol and this curb theft and pick pocketing. Cloak rooms facilities should also be provided in tourist centres at convenient distances. Awareness programmes and seminars should be conducted by the Government through public relations department, Department of tourism and host organizations at regular intervals. This will inculcate the value of native culture which would discourage the inclinations of imitation by the younger generations. Disturbance caused to tourists by certain sections in the host community such as unlicensed and hawkers, drug pushers, pimps beach boys and other similar disturbance makers can be prevented through a call by tourists from the toll free call centers provided in the tourists centers. To prevent the abnormal increase in the land vale in tourist centres, the geniuses of real estate transactions should be ensured. Enforcing the existing law, speculative transactions should be nullified and such estates should is essential being acquired by the Government at notified prices. A task force should be set up to extend the duration of tourist season so that off seasonal unemployment in tourism related jobs can be avoided. Rain tourism and Ayurvedic tourism can be popularized during monsoon, that is, between July to October which is the lien season. In addition to this, special packages at reduced tariff can be offered domestic tourists so that tourism industry can run at least on break even tourists should be educated through instruction boards and pamphlets regarding the etiquettes to be fallowed in tourist centres. This would avoid the negative impact created through nudity and exhibitionist sexual behavior of tourists. Tourism based activities also contributes pollution in the environment by causing air emissions, noise, solid waste and Littering, releases of sewage, iol and chemicals. Even architectural and visual pollution are also been contributed by 243

6 tourism. Ever increasing level of CO 2 is also been contribute by tourism transport modes. Acid rain, global warming and photochemical pollution are virtue of excessive All the other factors covered in the study which is at low stages or causing low and medium impacts on tourists and host community are to be closely monitored by the authorities as they can grow and cause hazards to the industry. It is essential that surveys at regular intervals are necessary to read the existence, growth and impact of the negative factors of tourism for a sustainable growth Testing of Hypothesis: The formulation of hypothesis, the review of literature gave sufficient dues. The other reason for selecting the formulating the hypothesis was based on near absence of any systematic work on the study area i.e. Mysore. In order to fill these vacuum the present study taken up. To a chive the objectives and to test hypothesis very exhaustive but selective methodology was put into the service. To get relevant and updated information of tourism trends and patterns in the study area the researcher made an extensive field survey. Researcher personally respected the attractions, collect information, met with the tourists. With this connection of my research i have framed four hypothesis and tested as fallows, Hypothesis.1. Tourism development is also a Nations development if strictly protected and nurtured: It is true that, if any country rich with tourism spots development of a country may be achieved, and automatically, its GDP will improved. As a result, economic development can be achieved in the long run if there is consistency. Many countries in the world developed because of the tourism, so the tourism development is Nations development. For example Maldives, New York etc. Result: This hypothesis consider as affirmative. 244

7 Hypothesis.2. No specific laws are enacted specifically for tourism for controlling pollution from tourism: The study reveals that no specific laws have been enacted specifically regulating for tourism. But there are number of laws for the protection of environment. It is known factor that if the environment is rich tourist will attract, and tourists will be arrival more. Therefore specific law for tourism is needed. Awareness must be created with localities and tourists about the importance of tourism. Result: This hypothesis consider as affirmative. Hypothesis.3. Sustainable development and management of tourism obviously provided the commitment of the healthy, hygienic and safe tourism. India needs to enact separate law for the tourism and sustainable development: It is very connected with previous hypothesis i.e. regulatory framework is needed and also management and adequate facilities for tourists is very urgent need for that development of tourism. So India should enact the separate law for the tourism for sustainable development. Result: This hypothesis consider as affirmative Hypothesis.4. Communities are not fully aware about its role in managing tourism and environmental pollution issues. Protection and nurturing of the tourism is not only the duty of the Government bodies. NGOs and entire people of this country should have responsibility in tackling the problem relating to environmental pollution. Result: This Hypothesis consider as affirmative 245

8 7.3. Findings 1. Tourism has resulted in traffic congestion and noise pollution In the empirical study conducted by the researcher by way of sample survey revealed that the majority of the respondents said that tourism has resulted in traffic congestion, noise, and air and water pollution. 2. Construction of hotels and other tourist facilities at tourism spot have destroyed the natural environment The survey results indicate that the construction of tourist facilities nearby to the ecologically sensitive areas has adversely affected the environment. The Government agencies in charge of protecting the natural environment have failed to protect the environment. 3. Tourist Guides are not well trained. In India there is lack of good guidance in the tourism sector to guide tourist and some the people are taking advantage in the name guide and took money from the foreigners at tourist places although some States have insist for license. 4. Tourism has improved employment opportunities for locals It true that, Tourism creates employment opportunities in the way of selling products, constructing hotels, suppliers, tourism department and employees, creates tourism Institutions, security guards etc. 5. Social evil like alcoholism and cases of drugs addiction have been increased. Tourism also have negative factors like in some tourist spots, tourist drink alcohol and using drugs consequently these kinds of activities affect to society. 6. More Government support is required to make tourism more attractive. Center as well State should take responsibility for the development of tourism sector. Government must provide more financial assistance to tourism development unless tourism will not improve. 246

9 7. Mysore city famous for its in beauty of nature but lack of adequate facilities for tourist spots. Mysore city in Karnataka State one of the most beautiful cities in India and more foreigners are visits Mysore city every year. Therefore the State and central Government should give more importance to development of tourism in Mysore. 8. One of the heritage transports in Mysore city is Tanga 277, tourist enjoying this experience but due to traffic congestion it is day by day annihilating from Mysore. One the important attractions in Mysore city is traditional Mysore Tanga (Appendix.1.Photo.7.1), the experience of the Tanga travel is awesome, most of the tourists are enjoying Tanga travel but due traffic congestion traditional Tanga Travel day by day annihilating. 9. Animals are disturbing tourists in the tourist spot. Most of the tourist areas the domestic animals are walking in and around the tourists spot and disturbing tourists. The tourists are fear of these kinds of animals. 10. Mysore food is also delicious and safe to eat and these are major source of tourist attractions. Mysore is famous for beauty of Nature and delicious food and sweets, in city of Mysore, number of hotels are situated in the heart of the city. Vegetarian and non- vegetarian food are available and one of the most important sweet in Mysore is Mysore pak 278 (Appendix photo no.1.photo7.2). It is very famous sweet in Mysore, and majority of tourists cherish the same. 277 The term Tanga is the traditional word to denote the horse carts which are used to carry tourists. The man who ride it for consumer purpose is tangawala A kind of sweet that originated in the Royal Kitchen of Mysore Palace. Mysore Pak is a rich sweet dish made of generous amount of ghee, sugar, gram flour and often cardamom. 247

10 11. Lack of publicity and advertisement of tourist place of Mysore at National and International level. Another important finding of this research is lack of publicity. Mysore is very famous for its traditional things like, Mysore Betel leaf 279 (Appendix, 1.Photo.7.3), Mysore jasmine 280 (Appendix.1.Photo.7.4) and Mysore Silk 281 (Appendix.1.Photo.7.5) and Mysore Sandal soap (Appendix.1.Photo.7.6), these traditional and cultural things are attracts tourism. Tourism department should take initiation for development of tourism by way of publicity, without publicity tourism will not improve. Mysore is rich city and its have good environment, therefore there is need of publicity in National and International level and there is need create awareness regarding importance of tourism to people. Mysore city very rich in everything State Government and Central Government should provide financial assistance for the development of tourism In Mysore City. 279 Betel leaf or Tambula is a cultural tradition of India since time immemorial from ordinary people to the Maharajas, after their dinner, people chew Thambula, consisting of Betel leaves, areca nut and lime with necessary perfuming ingredients, Mysore Betel leaves are special for Thambula because of its special taste and it has the character of appetite and more digestive capacity. 280 Jasmine is considered the queen of flowers and is called the Belle of India or the "Queen of fragrance" as it is exquisitely scented to soothe and refresh. In different parts of India it is called by different names Motia, Chameli, Malli puvvu, Jaati, Mallige, Juhi, Mogra or Moonlight in the grove. This is the most well-known variety, which derives its name since it is grown around Mysore city. The Jasmine's association with the city of Mysore, the royal city of palaces, patronized by the Wodeyar of the Kingdom of Mysore, because its fragrance is as powerful as the famous Mysore Dasara Festival held every year in the city during October. Mallige grows in profusion in the open areas either in exclusive farmland, in front or at the backyard of houses. 281 Mysore is the home of the famous Indian feminine wear, the Mysore silk saree. Mysore Silk is a trademark for the silk sarees produced by KSIC (Karnataka Silk Industries Corporation). The distinguishing feature of this saree is the usage of pure silk and 100% pure gold zari (a golden coloured thread containing 65% of silver and 0.65% of gold). These sarees are manufactured in a silk factory located in Mysore city. This factory was started in 1912 by the Maharaja of Mysore by importing 32 looms from Switzerland. In 1980, this factory was transferred to KSIC and now has around 159 looms. Every Saree produced here comes with an embroidered code number and a hologram to prevent misuse. Mysore silk sarees are also undergoing an innovating change with the use of Kasuti embroidery, thickly woven pallus (the part of the saree worn over the shoulder), bandhini techniques and new colours like lilac, coffee-brown and elephant-grey. 248

11 7.4. Suggestions: Based on the findings the following suggestion is offered for the betterment of the tourism. 1. There is a need to give education from elementary stage of environmental impact of tourism. Whenever possible taking the students to the tourist places and making them having practical experience of the impacts of the tourists activities. 2. Precaution with picture to be drawn on the broad or wall of the compound telling the things that to be done or not to be done by the tourist and thereby making tourists aware of the problems they pose to the environment. 3. By adopting the improved environmental management of tourism facilities and by planning early for tourism development damaging and expensive mistakes can be prevented avoiding the gradual deterioration of environmental assets significant to tourism. 4. Environmentally sound technology should be used more widely in particular to reduce emissions of carbon dioxide and other green house gases and ozone depleting substances as set out in the International agreement. 5. Develop a better dialogue with the local communities travel destination and promote the involvement of local stakeholders in tourism ventures. 6. State and local health and environmental officials should be made responsible for monitoring water quality at our Nation beaches and when they find contaminated water, they either post warning or close the beach because environment value is more precious than the value gained in the form of development. 7. There should be a monitoring and management system to ensure the effectiveness of coastal and environmental regulations. 8. Coastal Zone Management Authorities under the CRZ notification of 1991 or under The Environment Protection Act, 1986, should be given more powers. Particularly in order to regulate the tourists activities construction or developmental activities carried on the coastal stretches or beaches. 9. Twenty First Century is the new path where tremendous changes and developments have been made in the technology especially in the aviation 249

12 industry and people wish to travel worldwide and they except to reach in less time so they have chosen aircrafts which produces large amount of emission that pollute the environment. Therefore, International organization, States and scientific bodies should be encouraged to take research or to discover new eco-soundly technology to reduce the quantity and improve the qualities of aircraft engine emissions and other associated environmental impacts. 10. Tourism is a developing global industry. Its embraces activities occurring within global regional and trans-boundary as well as within National boundaries. So in order to be truly effective, tourism regulations must be approached from an International perspective and accordingly addressed by the International legal system. 11. Tourism brings with it several problems from beach erosion to solid waste disposal and coral reef destruction. Garbage disposal is one of the biggest night mares of economic depending on tourism thus Government should evolve sustainable tourism to combat these problems. For instance few airlines from which tourists fly to Maldives are given bags and asked to bring to the airport all the waste they produce during their stay and lastly airline carry it to the destination, free of cost. 12. Eco-tourism should be properly planned and monitored. 13. There should be a proper and sufficient dustbin system in every tourists places and disposal of wastes in those places should regularly be carried out by the responsible authorities. 14. Police, Traffic police forest guards, coastal guards should be given more power to tackle the illegal activities in the tourist s places. 15. Courts should be given discretionary power to decide the problems come before the court, in relating to tourism and environment. 16. Green initiative should be adopted for both private and public buildings, such as adoption of solar energy system, green architecture, rain water harvesting plantation of more sampling. 17. Regulatory measure should be imposed on development, operators, tourists and the local community under the existing and rules to ensure social, cultural and environmental sustainability of the project. 250