1 Paradigm SHIFT Eurocontrol Experimental Centre Innovative Research June, 2005 Laurent GUICHARD (Project Leader, ATM) Sandrine GUIBERT (ATC) Khaled BELAHCENE (Math Mod., Airspace) Didier DOHY (ATM, System) Jean-Yves GRAU (HF)
Goals To investigate a new control paradigm that could cope with future air traffic demand of the horizon 2020 and beyond. AirPorts Capacity Safety Airlines Performance Air Efficiency Navigation system Cost ANS 2 Ponctuality Environment
3 Paradigm SHIFT : a top down approach Analysis Scare resources: we need global coordinations and negotiations (objectives) Aircrafts, Runways, Gates, Controllers Different ATC modes of operation will prevail in different European Airspace (efficiency) Each actor is responsible for his resources and knows his constraints (management by objectives) Coordinate ops modes (continuity, stability) Functional division of traffic (capacity)
Paradigm SHIFT : a top down approach Paradigm SHIFT Contract of Objectives A way to cope with : Arriving on time, Coordinate resources 2 main Concepts Dual Airspace Improving the ATM capacity by functional division of the traffic From Means management to Participative Objectives management 4
Contract of Objectives Contract of Objectives A way to cope with : Arriving on time, Coordinate resources 5 Reconcile Ground and Air phases Define objectives applicable to flight Link ATM actors together through agreed interfaces Result of the negotiation phase involving all actors Integrate flexibility to cope with uncertainties (manage disruptions) Objectives issued through a breakdown of responsibility Seeking for the best organization at a local/lower level (best view of the reality) In order to optimize resources The Contract of Objectives is the key element for the stability of the ATM system. Air Taxiing Ground Planned what is feasible and Execute what is planned Through shared Objectives
Contract of Objectives 1 Flight = 1 Contract of Objectives On ground Taxiing On Flight Taxiing On ground Airport TWR ANSP1 ANSP2 Approach TWR Airport Off-Block Time Take off Landing In-Block Time Control Unit Control Unit Control Unit 6 Ground-side Main objective Target Windows Target Windows Air-side (4D intervales) Target Windows = intermediate objectives Main objective
Target Windows Target Windows A local representation of the global efficiency Intermediate objectives negotiated between actors Create a link between planning and execution Represent the responsibility transfer Define milestones marking out traffic progress Put constraints only when necessary Destination punctuality Technical capability (flight envelope,...) TW = Global objective (arriving on time) + local constraints + disruption management Organization, Efficiency Congested en-route area (bottleneck) 7 Open room of adaptation (limit chain reaction) To Contain residual uncertainty (disruptions management) To reduce impact of action of Control on planning Resilience (reduce impact of uncertainty)
Air Traffic Management Organization around the Contract of Objectives Planning Phase To Elaborate the Contracts of Objectives Need a decision-making process based on : Collaboration Granularity Execution Phase To fullfill the Contracts of Objectives To Renegotiate if necessary 8 Operational Plan Contract of Objectives Target Windows Target Windows Target Windows
9 Planning : Operational Plan Operational Plan A Process to build Contracts of Objectives Strategic level (large scale objectives) Macroscopic approach rather than a temporal reference (granularity, responsibility) Refinement process : refining is better than redefining Collaborative & transparent mechanism involving all actors. Achieving agreement : from the expressed & agreed constraints of involved actors Integrate disruptions
Planning : Operational Plan Airports RESOURCES MANAGEMENT (responsability, granularity) EXECUTION Airport capacity ATM demand Objectives agreement ANTICIPATE DISRUPTIONS Rotations ATC constraints CoO 2 CoO 4 AirLines ANS Providers Decentralized Design Start to integrate the real word CoO 1 CoO 3 10 Actor preparation phase Actor publication phase and refinement Disruptions forecast (e.g. meteo forecast) time
Planning : Decentralized Design Decentralized Design Organisation of En-Route resources by the ANSP What is a local optimum? Tactical balance Traffic Airspace ATC: controllers, working methods and tools Airspace Traffic Safety Capacity Efficiency ATC We discuss on traffic continuity Airlines Operational Plan Airports To achieve global efficiency by reaching an agreement on interfaces (Flights consistency) Traffic Traffic Traffic By autonomous design and local organization ANSP 1 ANSP 2 ANSP 3 11 Decentralized Design = A refining local organization process based on cooperation on traffic
12 Execution phase Contract of Objectives Assume global efficiency by links between actors (TW) The CoO : a Link between ATCOs Interfaces between ATCOs are specified: clear Objectives and Responsibility Evolution of the ATCOs working methodes : Manage aircraft for safety first (like today) Manage the Performance of the system (ponctuality) based on objectives The CoO : a link between ATCOs and Air-crew Same vision and common objectives Responsibility sharing : Air-crew is no longer the only one responsible to achieve ponctuality
Execution phase Contract of Objectives Integrate global efficiency by links between actors (TW) If a Contract of Objective couldn t be achieved : Renegotiation at strategic level Allow best alternatives at a global level Ensure overall consistency (planned/reorganised operations) Need early detection Number of occurrences is a performance indicator Corrective post analysis 13
14 Paradigm SHIFT Concepts Paradigm SHIFT Contract of Objective Dual Airspace Target Windows Operational Plan Decentralized Design
15 Dual Airspace Dual Airspace Segregate Traffic A way to increase capacity Dense Traffic Area according to Flights attitude And direction (ATC issues)
Dual Airspace Dual Airspace A way to increase capacity 16 Highway Long haul flight, Cruise traffic Parallel Tracks Features : Easy Trajectories Challenges : Capacity Punctuality Airspace & ATC : Parallel lanes Delegation Pan-European infrastructure District Airport Service, short haul flight Diverging / Converging traffic patterns Features : Difficult Trajectories Challenges : Separation Sequencing Airspace & ATC : Like today, with higher specialization
17 Dual Airspace Dual Airspace A way to increase capacity Managing the Cohabitation of the two sub-systems Independent operations Opacity (no shared responsability) No Intrusion Minimun impact Transition via Airlocks Districts Highways Resilience to Disruptions
18 Conclusion Paradigm SHIFT is a long term Top Down Operational Vision Introduction of new concepts (Contract of Objectives, Dual Airspace,...) Open a progressive evolution of the system (no big Bang) Potential Input for C-ATM and SESAME Concepts has to be Enhanced and Evaluated Enhanced reflexion on Airports, ANSPs, Airlines Proof of concept on Dual Airspace and Contract of Objectives Low Technological Challenges Air-ground data transmission Ground data sharing information to support distributed decision-making process Roles and tasks evolutions for Controllers and Pilots
Paradigm SHIFT Thank you Contacts: laurent.guichard@eurocontrol.int sandrine.guibert@eurocontrol.int http: www.eurocontrol.int/eec/public/standard_page/ino_paradigm_shift.html 19
20 Summary Contract of Objectives is a guaranty of results Responsibilisation of all the actors in a collaborative process Adapt resources to demand : From means management to Objectives management Decentralized Design : only local actors can optimise the triangle (Airspace, ATC, Traffic) Disruptions: Management from beginning Target windows: Global objectives + local constraints + disruption management Integrate local initiative on global efficiency ATCO actions in the frame of Target Windows Freedom to organise means in respect to Target Windows (routes, methods, sectorisation plan ) Ability to support different modes of operations (Free route, Highways, MANTAS ) Ability to use further technology improvement (DL, ASAS, Automation ) Open to transition
Paradigm SHIFT: Concepts Planning Execution 21 Today ATFM ATFM Best Best use use of of predefined resources with with constraints Global Global optimisation on on local local resources Flight Plan (OBT) ATC ATC Manage Manage a/c a/c separation Demand Airspace Capacity Constraints Punctuality is lost No link planning / execution Paradigm SHIFT Operational Plan Plan Process Process to to obtain obtain consensus on on reachable objectives Local Local resources optimisation to to match match global global constraints Contract of Objective ATC object representing punctuality and efficiency for a flight: Flight plan with Target Windows ATC ATC Manage Manage a/c a/c separation and and Objectives Full Full Air/Ground integration Airspace Decentralised optimisation Actors Actors collaboration Objectives are shared and transparent
Research Agenda Board Actors Operational Plan Process Infrastructure & support Highways Ground Operational continuity Contract of Objective Target Windows Paradigm SHIFT Dual Airspace Decentralised Design Cohabitation Strategic Traffic Disruptions Traffic constraining 22 Modeling Interoperability certification