SEAFOOD INDUSTRY
INDUSTRY DEFINITION Aquaculture is the controlled production by man of vegetable and animal organisms which spend at least some of their life cycle in a water environment. These organisms, which include fish, mollusks and crustaceans, provide a range of business opportunities and are a nutritional alternative. The activity helps the recovery of diminishing natural populations. Wild-capture fishing is the extraction of aquatic organisms from continental waters in their natural state or subjected to development activities. THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY IN MEXICO Mexico's enormous potential in the fisheries sector lies in its 11,592 kilometers of coastline, of which 76% are on the Pacific coast and 24% on the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean coast and islands. Its continental shelf is approximately 394,000 km², being larger in the Gulf of Mexico. It also has 12,500 km² of coastal lagoons and estuaries and 6,500 km² of inland waters such as lakes, lagoons, reservoirs, and rivers. Graph 1. Volume of Fishery Production in Mexico (thousands of tonnes.) 2008-2014* Aquaculture Capture Fishing, hunting and capture accounted for 1.7% of Mexico's agricultural GDP in 2013**. In 2014, the volume of fishery 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 production in live weight was 1,751 thousand tons, a growth of 0.3% compared to the previous year. Of the total production volume, 81.4% was capture fishing and the remaining 18.6% aquaculture. The total production value was US$1,812 million. Aquaculture fish production in 2014 reached a value of US$776.1 million, the main species produced through this activity according to volume were: mojarra with a share of 37%, shrimp 27%, and oyster 14%. * Source: Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), National Commission of Aquaculture and Fishing (CONAPESCA). ** Source: INEGI. Mexican System of National Accounts. 284 1,462 285 1,483 271 1,349 263 1,398 254 1,433 246 1,501 325 1,426
THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY IN MEXICO The value of aquaculture production in 2014 was US$776.1 million, where the main species according to volume obtained were: mojarra with a 37% share, shrimp 27%, and oysters 14%. Source: INEGI. Mexican System of National Accounts. Table 1. Fishery Production, 2014 Product Main producers Shrimp Sinaloa (43%), Sonora (26%) and Tamaulipas (7%) Mojarra Jalisco (21%), Chiapas (18%) and Michoacán (12%) Tuna Sinaloa (38%), BC (38%), Colima (11%) and Chiapas (10%) Octopus Yucatán (71%) and Campeche (22%) Trout Michoacán (39%), Edo México (28%) and Puebla (17%) Lobster BCS (47%), BC (23%) and Yucatán(11%) Guachinango Jalisco (14%), BCS (11%), Michoacán (10%), Tabasco (9%) and Oaxaca (9%) Sardine Sonora (45%), Sinaloa (19%), BCS (18%) and BC (18%) Carp Jalisco (23%), Edo México (22%), and Hidalgo (15%) Crab Sinaloa (41%), Sonora (20%), Veracruz (13%), Campeche (11%) and Tamaulipas (9%) Robalo Campeche (22%), Veracruz (21%), Tabasco (16%) and Nayarit (14%) Others Total Millions of US dollars 700.4 158.4 157.2 80.7 65.9 48.1 41.4 37.1 35.7 32.3 30.3 424.5 1,812.0
THE SEAFOOD INDUSTRY IN MEXICO The production value of capture fishing in 2014 was 1,426 thousand tonnes; the species with the highest production volume being sardines with 39%, tuna 11%, and shrimp 5%. Table 2. Most produced species, 2014 (tonnes of live weight) Ranking Species Aquaculture Ranking Species Capture 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Others Total Source: CONAPESCA, SAGARPA. Mojarra Shrimp Oyster Carp Trout Tuna Catfish Charal Clam Lubina 121,529 86,950 46,883 33,384 15,695 8,347 6,698 2,498 1,025 541 1,450 325,003 Sardine Tuna Shrimp Anchovy Jack Mackerel Squid Octopus Crab Clam Atlantic Mackerel Others Total 562,872 154,074 71,178 44,525 42,779 38,951 35,637 34,468 27,037 23,904 391,525 1,426,949 Worldwide, shrimp is one of the most sought after species; Mexico is in 7th position for shrimp farming. Another important product is tuna, where Mexico is in 11th position, and shark where it is 5th. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
AQUACULTURE PRODUCTION There are more than 2,400 commercial fish farms in Mexico and around 800 self-consumption units. Among the states with the highest number of production centers are Veracruz with more than 600, which produce mainly tilapia. Shrimp farms are more common in Sinaloa, with more than 300 and Sonora with more than 130, which make a significant contribution to the supply of aquaculture foods. While there is certainly huge development potential for farmed shrimp production, in Mexico the greatest potential lies in the production of marine finfish and bivalve mollusks (oysters, clams and mussels). EMPLOYMENT In 2013, the fishing sector in Mexico employed 272,533 people, Sinaloa being the state with the highest number with a 17% share, followed by Veracruz with 15%, Tabasco 6.7%, Jalisco 5.4%, Sonora 5.3% and Michoacán 5.1%. PROCESSING AND INDUSTRIALIZATION The products with the highest percentage share of the fishing industry were: Graph 2. Products with the highest percentage share TUNA SHRIMP FISHMEAL SARDINES & MACKEREL 22.8% 20.4% 14.9% 12.6%
PROCESSING AND INDUSTRIALIZATION In 2013, the production volume in net weight of the main industrialization processes was 509,103 tons. The growth of production obtained through canned processes between 2007 and 2013 is particularly noteworthy with an average annual growth rate of 9.8%. Species Tuna Shrimp Fishmeal Sardines and mackerel Squid Full scale Octopus Fish oil Shark Crab Lobster Other Table 3. Fishing industry production in net weight by species, 2013 Note: Statistical Yearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries 2013, CONAPESCA. Production in net weight, (tons) 116,280 104,096 75,749 64,365 30,729 25,548 21,062 18,937 12,122 11,134 3,035 26,046 %Share per species, 2011 22.8% 20.4% 14.9% 12.6% 6.0% 5.0% 4.1% 3.7% 2.4% 2.2% 0.6% 5.1%
Mexico has almost 300 plants that process different fish and shellfish, including lobster, oysters, tuna, clams, squid, sardines, shrimp, and octopus. Baja California 40 Sonora 62 Guanajuato 5 San Luis Potosí 1 Tamaulipas 8 B.C.S. 14 Sonora 32 Queretaro 1 Tlaxcala 1 Veracruz 4 Tabasco 4 Yucatán 30 Jalisco 16 Colima 2 State of Mexico 1 Source: CONAPESCA Latest update: 21-10-2013. Puebla 1 Oaxaca 2 Chiapas 9 Campeche 24 Quintana Roo 4
CONSUMPTION In 2013, of total fishing production, 37.4% was for indirect human consumption: national reduction plants transformed mainly sardines into fishmeal and fish oil; 0.6% of production is classed as industrial use, algae, kelp, and some shells being its main exponents; the remaining 61.9% of production goes directly for human consumption. Graph 3. Fishery production, 2013 Industrial use 0.6% Indirect human consumption Direct human consumption 37.4% 61.9% 2013 Source: Statistical Yearbook of Aquaculture and Fisheries, 2013.
MARKET SIZE Mexico is the second largest market for fresh fish and sea products in Latin America, recording a volume of 648,000 tons in 2014 and is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2% between 2014 and 2019 to reach 713,000 tons. Table 4. Market volume of fresh products in Mexico, 2014 Categories Crustaceans Fish Mollusks and cephalopods Fish and seafood Volume 2014 (Thousands of tons) 89.4 449 109.5 647.9 % Share 2014 14% 69% 17% 100% Growth 2013-2014 1.8% 2.3% 1.2% 2.0% CAGR 2014-2019 1.9% 2.1% 1.2% 1.9% Table 5. Market value of processed products in Mexico, 2014 Categories Value 2014 % Share 2014 (millions of US dollars) CAGR (2014-2019) Crustaceans 1,068 81% 0.9% Fish 57 4% 1.6% Mollusks and cephalopods 193 15% 1.5% Fish and seafood 1,318 100% 1.0% Source: Euromonitor. The HIGHEST SELLING FRESH PRODUCE SEGMENT in MEXICO is FISH, with a 69% MARKET SHARE.
MARKET SIZE The market value of processed fish and fishery products in Mexico in 2014 was US$1,318 million, canned and preserved products being the highest selling. Refrigerated and frozen products are expected to grow at an annual rate of 1.5% between 2014 and 2019. Herdez Dolores Tuny Nair Calmex Calvo El Vigilante Mazatún Guaymex Yavaros Brand Company % Share Source: ProMéxico based on Euromonitor. Table 6. Main companies and brands in the canned and preserved seafood market of México, 2014 Herdez SA de CV, Grupo Pescados Industrializados SA de CV Marindustrias SA de CV Herdez SA de CV, Grupo Pando, Grupo SA de CV Grupo Calvo SA Justo López Valcárcel SA Pescados Industrializados SA de CV Productos Pesqueros de Guaymas SA de CV Pando, Grupo SA de CV Others Total 17.1 16.2 13.1 5.3 4.2 3.6 2.6 2.5 2.3 1.5 31.6 100 Companies in Mexico with biggest market share in the canned and preserved seafood market are Grupo Herdez, Pescados Industrializados and Marindustrias with a combined share of 46%.
The most important distribution channels for the sale of fish and fishery products in Mexico are supermarkets and markets. The Nueva Viga is the biggest seafood market in Latin America and is located in Mexico City. It is the second biggest market in the world for fish and fishery products in terms of volume (selling 150,000 tons a year) behind only Tokyo. The Mercado del Mar (Sea Market) in Zapopan, Jalisco, is another major point of sale for seafood in Mexico, playing a key role in the distribution of fish in the center and north of the country.
In 2014, Mexico's fish and crustaceans industry contributed 4.1% of all agricultural exports from the country, with a value of US$1,053 million. Industry exports have grown at an average annual rate of 6% during the 2006-2014 period. Notably, in the last ten years, the industry has maintained a positive trade balance; in 2014 the surplus rose to US$127 million. Graph 4. Evolution of Mexico s trade in the fish and crustacean industry millions of US dollars 2006-2014 661 1,011 418 755 720 731 689 907 909 1,053 926 513 567 368 505 606 642 771 363 405 243 242 154 184 265 138 127 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Source: Global Trade Atlas. Exports Imports Trade balance
MEXICO S TRADE In 2014, 63.4% of Mexican fish and crustacean exports went to the United States, followed by Hong Kong with a share of 8.3%, Japan 8.3%, Spain 6.9%, and Vietnam with 3.9%. Exports to South Korea have grown considerably at a rate of 132% compared with 2013. Table 7. Destination of fish and crustacean exports from Mexico, 2014 Country Value 2014 % Share 2014 (millions of US dollars) Growth 2013-2014 United States 668 63.4% 16.0% Hong Kong 88 8.3% -3.5% Japan 88 8.3% 15.3% Spain 73 6.9% 48.8% Vietnam 41 3.9% 54.7% Italy 30 2.9% 85.2% South Korea 9 0.8% 132.5% Malaysia 8 0.8% -9.9% China 7 0.7% -69.0% Canada 7 0.6% 10.3% Others 34 3.3% 11.3% Total 1,053 100.0% 15.9% Source: Global Trade Atlas.
VOLUME of FISH PRODUCTION in MEXICO (thousands of tons) 2008-2014 1,462 1,483 1,349 1,398 1,433 1,501 1,426 284 285 271 263 254 246 325 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 Aquaculture Capture fisheries Source: Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food (SAGARPA), National Commission of Aquaculture and Fisheries (CONAPESCA).
EXPORT SUPPLY HS Code Table 8.1 Export supply of the fish and crustacean industry in Mexico, 2014 Description Exports (millions of US dollars) % % Growth Share 2013-2014 Main export destinations and % share 0306 Crustaceans 461 43.8% 17% U.S.A. 84.2%, Hong Kong (except preserved) 9.1%, Vietnam 3.8%, Japan 0.9% and France 0.8%. 0303 Frozen fish (excluding fillets) 132 12.5% 23% Spain 33.5%, Japan 28.1%, U.S.A. 10.6%, Malaysia 5.5% and Vietnam 4.9% 0302 Fresh or chilled fish 131 12.4% 6% U.S.A. 64.3%, Japan (except fillets) 31.7%, Canada 3.3%, United Kingdom 0.3% and South Korea 0.3% 0307 Mollusks 114 10.8% -3% U.S.A. 25.3%, Italia 23.9%, (except preserved) Hong Kong 15.6%, Spain 14.6%, and Vietnam 7.9% 0304 Fresh, refrigerated or frozen 79 7.5% 32% U.S.A. 82.1%, Spain 13.2%, fillets and other fish meat Hong Kong 1.7%, Japan 1.4% and China 0.7% Source: Global Trade Atlas.
EXPORT SUPPLY HS Code Table 8.2 Export supply of the fish and crustacean industry in Mexico, 2014 Description Exports (millions of US dollars) % % Growth Share 2013-2014 Main export destinations and % share 1605 Prepared or preserved 65 6.2% 4% U.S.A. 66.7%, Hong Kong crustaceans, mollusks and 21%, Singapore 5.2%, other aquatic invertebrates South Korea 3.5% and Japan 1% 0308 Aquatic invertebrates 35 3.3% 223% U.S.A. 59.8%, Vietnam (except preserved) 22.3%, Hong Kong 16.3%, Thailand 0.9% and Singapore 0.5% 1604 Prepared or preserved fish, 28 2.7% 45% U.S.A. 83.9%, Costa Rica caviar and caviar substitutes 10.9%, Puerto Rico 2.4%, Spain 1.1% and Panama 0.7% 0305 Fish, dried, salted or in brine; 8 0.7% -29% Hong Kong 87.4%, China smoked fish, flours, meals 6.3%, U.S.A. 4.4%, Cuba and pellets of fish 1.9% and Vietnam 0.01% Source: Global Trade Atlas.
EXPORT SUPPLY HS Code Table 8.3 Export supply of the fish and crustacean industry in Mexico, 2014 Description Exports (millions of US dollars) % % Growth Share 2013-2014 Main export destinations and % share 0301 Live fish 1 0.1% -48% U.S.A. 51.1%, South Korea 44.3%, Japan 3.2%, Honduras 1% and Panama 0.2% Total 1,053 100% 16% Source: Global Trade Atlas. The most exported products are crustaceans like shrimp, lobster and crab, with a 44% share of total industry exports, followed by frozen fish 13%, fresh fish with 12%, mollusks 11%, and fillets and other fish meat with an 8% share. The export of aquatic invertebrates showed considerable annual growth of 223%. The number of export companies in Mexico in 2014 was around of 500. About 63% of export companies are located in the states of Sinaloa, Sonora, Baja California y Yucatán.
FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT In 2014, 63.4% of Mexican fish and crustacean exports went to the United States, followed by Hong Kong with a share of 8.3%, Japan 8.3%, Spain 6.9%, and Vietnam with 3.9%. Exports to South Korea have grown considerably at a rate of 132% compared with 2013. In the PERIOD from 1999 to 2014, THE INDUSTRY REGISTERED US$2.8 MILLION of FDI. NAICS Code Table 9. FDI inflows in the seafood products industry Description Value 2014 (millions of US dollars) 11251 11411 31171 Source: Ministry of Economy. Aquaculture Fisheries Seafood Product Preparation and Packaging Total 0.03 1.0 1.7 2.8 In July 2013, Chiapas governor announced Malpaso Aquaculture Park project expansion, which aims to attract FDI inflows over US$30mn in order to produce 70 thousand tonnes of tilapia annually for the next 5 years.
MEXICO MEETS INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS On April 22, 2014, the WTO announced its final ruling in favor of Mexico in the dispute over the restrictive effects caused by "dolphin-safe" labeling on Mexican tuna exports to the United States market. The Mexican government recognized the WTO's decision which confirms that the fishing methods used by the Mexican fleet comply with the highest international standards for the protection of species like dolphins. The method employed by the Mexican tuna fleet is regulated by the Agreement on the International Dolphin Conservation Program recognized by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) as having the highest sustainability, and which protects dolphins and tuna resources by avoiding the capture of juvenile tuna to ensure future supply. FAO figures for 2012 ranked Mexico 16th for world capture fishery production, representing 1.8% of the total. Despite Mexico's world ranking, its position is less favorable when the focus is on industrialization, a sign that with the raw material produced in the country, there is ample opportunity to invest in seafood processing and thereby increase value-added production. Furthermore, the aquaculture industry in Mexico is in a stage of development and growth and therefore affords important investment opportunities: the cultivation of mollusks like oysters, shrimp, white fish, tilapia, and others, for example. In particular there are species with potential for expansion such as abalone, clams, lobster, and shrimp. Exports can be increased through the introduction of Mexican products to the fast growing markets of Europe, Asia, and Russia, through key distribution channels like supermarkets.