Water Quality Monitoring and Validation from NOAA operational satellite sensor (VIIRS) Data Products in Coral Reef Environments

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Water Quality Monitoring and Validation from NOAA operational satellite sensor (VIIRS) Data Products in Coral Reef Environments William J Hernandez, Ph.D 1, 4 Post-Doctoral Researcher Roy A. Armstrong 1,3, Alan E. Strong, Robert A. Warner 5, Erick F. Geiger 2,4, C. Mark Eakin 4, Menghua Wang 4, Maria A. Cardona-Maldonado 3, Suhey Ortiz-Rosa 1, Jeremy Kravitz 6, Myrna J. Santiago 3 Decimocuarta Reunión de Percepción Remota y Sistemas de Información Geográfica de Puerto Rico, UPR Mayagüez, Octubre 7, 2016 1 NOAA-CREST UPRM, 2 Global Science and Technology Inc., 3 NOAA-NCAS UPR Mayaguez, 4 NOAA/NESDIS/STAR, 5 NOAA/NOS/NCCOS, 6 UPR Mayaguez.

Introduction Water Quality Coral reef Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Sensor products Virtual Areas Results VIIRS products Water quality Conclusions

Land based sources of pollution (LBSP) are a major threat to corals: Cause disease and mortality Disrupt critical ecological reef functions that impede growth and reproduction and larval settlement. Innovations in Monitoring and Assessment. Connecting Coasts, Estuaries, and Freshwater Ecosystems. Identifying and Assessing Emerging Risks. Measuring Effectiveness of Water Management Actions. Honokahua Bay, West Maui. Credit: Bill Rathfon. Guanica Bay, Puerto Rico Credit: NOAA

Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite NOAA/NESDIS/STAR Spectral coverage: 412nm -12 μm 22 bands, 750m, 375m spatial res. Daily images Products: Cloud cover, aerosols Land & ocean biosphere Sea Surface Temperature Fire detection Imagery http://www.jpss.noaa.gov/images/img_nppsatellite.jpg

Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) Monitoring phytoplankton biomass. Nutrient status (i.e. productivity). Index of water quality. Kd(490) Diffuse attenuation coefficient at 490nm. Turbidity (measure of the total organic and inorganic matter held in solution and suspension). Index of water quality. VIIRS Kd(490) product image for Puerto Rico and the USVI after a precipitation event (August 26, 2014).

The color of coastal water is related to water quality. Satellite ocean color data provide a synoptic view of water quality. Continuous monitoring Ocean color tools that managers and stakeholders can use to: Track water quality near their reefs Evaluate effect in the coastal water due to changes in the watershed. ( Ridge to Reef ). Image credit: Bio-optical oceanography Lab, UPRM

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force priority watershed sites: Ka anapali (West Maui, Hawai'i) Faga'alu (American Samoa) Guánica Bay (Puerto Rico). Image credit: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/CRW

Guánica and La Parguera Area (Puerto Rico).

Matching large rainfall events to satellite derived measurements. Chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) Kd(490) Virtual Areas Establishing virtual areas around watersheds will enable calculation of plume statistics such as: Maximum and average levels of Chl-a and Kd(490) Monthly climatologies Variations from normal levels through time. (Anomalies).

Images credit: NOAA/NESDIS/STAR/CRW

Percent (%) Results VIIRS Kd(490) (Daily) 35.00 VIIRS Image % with pixel data Total Dates =1513 30.00 25.00 20.00 15.00 Shelf Ocean 10.00 5.00 0.00 Cabo Rojo--------------------------------Lajas----------------------------------Guánica

Simultaneous with Landsat 8 OLI image capture Instruments Satlantic Hyperpro Profiling radiometer (Lu, Ed, Rrs, Lw, Kd) GER 1500 Spectro-radiometer (Lw, Ed, Rrs) SolarLight Datalogging Radiometer (PAR) Hydroscat-6 (backscattering, flourescense) SCUFA (flourescense, turbidity) Water quality samples CHL, TSS, CDOM Hydroscat-6 GER1500 SCUFA

Kd (m-1) 0.14 Kd (490) values for selected stations from VIIRS pixel value and Satlantic in situ sampling 0.12 0.1 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0 GUA4 GUA5 LP6 LP7 LP8 Stations Kd490_VIIRS Kd490_Satlantic

Satlantic surface remote sensing reflectance Guanica bay Biobay Guanica bay Biobay Oceanic Oceanic

http://arcg.is/1qpyil7

Local Ocean Color/LSD/SST Continued cal/val data for VIIRS for Guanica and La Parguera. (July- December) Integrate higher-resolution sensor products with field data.(e.g. Landsat 8 OLI,Sentinel-3 OLCI) Extend support to Hawai i and American Samoa. New instruments EcoPAR, SBE 39plus Temperature (P) Recorder. EcoPAR SBE 56

QUESTIONS? Contact: william.hernandez@upr.edu bio-optics.uprm.edu y was supported and monitored by National Oceanic and Atmospheric Adm (NOAA) under NOAA CREST-EPP Grant # NA11SEC4810004. For REFERENCES please contact presenter.

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